See hull in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hull meaning in English (36.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rice hull"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hul"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hul",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hulle"
},
"expansion": "hulle",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "holle",
"t": "seed covering, hull of a ship"
},
"expansion": "holle (“seed covering, hull of a ship”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hulu",
"t": "seed covering"
},
"expansion": "Old English hulu (“seed covering”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hul-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hul-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hul",
"t": "hood"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hul (“hood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hülle"
},
"expansion": "German Hülle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hülse",
"t": "cover, veil"
},
"expansion": "Hülse (“cover, veil”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover, hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kal-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "calad"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish calad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "calath",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "calath (“hard”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callus"
},
"expansion": "Latin callus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callum",
"t": "rough skin"
},
"expansion": "callum (“rough skin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "калити",
"t": "to cool, harden"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "coque",
"t": "nutshell; ship's hull"
},
"expansion": "French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάσηλος",
"t": "bean pod; yacht"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hul, hulle, holle (“seed covering, hull of a ship”), from Old English hulu (“seed covering”), from Proto-Germanic *hul- (compare Dutch hul (“hood”),\nGerman Hülle, Hülse (“cover, veil”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”); or possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”) (compare Old Irish calad, calath (“hard”), Latin callus, callum (“rough skin”), Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”)). For the sense development, compare French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”), Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hulls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hull (plural hulls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The outer covering of a fruit or seed."
],
"id": "en-hull-en-noun-PSuuu1qs",
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
],
[
"seed",
"seed"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "peel"
},
{
"word": "husk"
},
{
"word": "shell"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šušulka",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шушулка"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "dop"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "kõder"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "seemnekest"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fr",
"english": "nuts",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coque"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fr",
"english": "peas, beans",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cosse"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "casca"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "moíña"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carapa"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cornella"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bagullo"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bolerca"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pela"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hülse"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schale"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schote"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "floiós",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "floúda",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φλούδα"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "héj"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "hüvely"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crotal"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kórupka",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рупка"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "lúšpa",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лу́шпа"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ms",
"english": "grains",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "sekam"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ms",
"english": "peas",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "lenggai"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bleayst"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "pāpapa"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "atsʼaʼ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "niyâm",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "نیام"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schluw"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schal"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "casca"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coajă"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "piele"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "înveliș"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "păstaie (pod)"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šeluxá",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шелуха́"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "skorlupá",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скорлупа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "luzgá",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лузга́"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochall"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hollejo"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vaina"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "balja"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skida"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skal"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cy",
"english": "peas, beans",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cib"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cy",
"english": "nuts",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"North",
"masculine"
],
"word": "plisgyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"South",
"masculine"
],
"word": "masgl"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 22 21 19 8 19 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 23 25 18 7 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any covering."
],
"id": "en-hull-en-noun-NjrtrDCq"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hʌl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hull.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"hull"
],
"word": "hull"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hul"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hul",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hulle"
},
"expansion": "hulle",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "holle",
"t": "seed covering, hull of a ship"
},
"expansion": "holle (“seed covering, hull of a ship”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hulu",
"t": "seed covering"
},
"expansion": "Old English hulu (“seed covering”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hul-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hul-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hul",
"t": "hood"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hul (“hood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hülle"
},
"expansion": "German Hülle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hülse",
"t": "cover, veil"
},
"expansion": "Hülse (“cover, veil”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover, hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kal-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "calad"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish calad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "calath",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "calath (“hard”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callus"
},
"expansion": "Latin callus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callum",
"t": "rough skin"
},
"expansion": "callum (“rough skin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "калити",
"t": "to cool, harden"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "coque",
"t": "nutshell; ship's hull"
},
"expansion": "French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάσηλος",
"t": "bean pod; yacht"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hul, hulle, holle (“seed covering, hull of a ship”), from Old English hulu (“seed covering”), from Proto-Germanic *hul- (compare Dutch hul (“hood”),\nGerman Hülle, Hülse (“cover, veil”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”); or possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”) (compare Old Irish calad, calath (“hard”), Latin callus, callum (“rough skin”), Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”)). For the sense development, compare French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”), Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hulls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hulling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hulled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hulled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She sat on the back porch hulling peanuts.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To remove the outer covering of a fruit or seed."
],
"id": "en-hull-en-verb-D3VHQ0hD",
"links": [
[
"remove",
"remove"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "peel"
},
{
"word": "husk"
},
{
"word": "shell"
},
{
"word": "shuck"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "belja",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "беля"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ljuštja",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "лющя"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "doppen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "kuoria"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "écosser"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "décortiquer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "escarolar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "descascar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "deluvar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "estonar"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "xefloudízo",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "ξεφλουδίζω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apofloióno",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "αποφλοιώνω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "hámoz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "lehámoz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "meghámoz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "fejt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "hántol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "foszt (maize)"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "scil"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "menguliti"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "mengopek"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "kōwhā"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "descascar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čístitʹ",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чи́стить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "počístitʹ",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "почи́стить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "odirátʹ",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "одира́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obodrátʹ",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ободра́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "luzgátʹ",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лузга́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "luščítʹ",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лущи́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "descascarillar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "skala"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "diblisgo"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "disbeinio"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hʌl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hull.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"hull"
],
"word": "hull"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rice hull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "affine hull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ahull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "convex hull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hull breach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hull-down"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hulled"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hulless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hull-loss accident"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hull speed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hull splash"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hull-up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "invective hull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "monohull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "multihull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pressure hull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tank hull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "turtle hull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "twinhull"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "holle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English holle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hoole",
"t": "hull, hold of a ship, ship"
},
"expansion": "hoole (“hull, hold of a ship, ship”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hole"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hole",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hoole"
},
"expansion": "hoole",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "holle",
"lit": "hole, hollow",
"t": "hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment"
},
"expansion": "holle (“hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment”, literally “hole, hollow”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hol",
"t": "hole, ship's cargo hold"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hol (“hole, ship's cargo hold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hole"
},
"expansion": "hole",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English holle, hoole (“hull, hold of a ship, ship”), of uncertain origin. Possibly a variant and special use of Etymology 1 above, conformed to hull. Alternatively, a variant of Middle English hole, hoole, holle (“hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment”, literally “hole, hollow”), related to Middle Dutch and Dutch hol (“hole, ship's cargo hold”). More at hole.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hulls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hull (plural hulls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 22 21 19 8 19 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 23 25 18 7 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, Quatrain 60, 1808, The Works of John Dryden, Volume 9, page 115,\nDeep in their hulls our deadly bullets light, / And through the yielding planks a passage find."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The body or frame of a vessel, such as a ship or plane."
],
"id": "en-hull-en-noun-en:frame",
"links": [
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
],
[
"plane",
"plane"
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],
"senseid": [
"en:frame"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fuselage"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kórpus",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рпус"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kórpus",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рпус"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fjuzeláž",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фюзела́ж"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buc"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "船體"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuántǐ",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "船体"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skrog"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "casco"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scheepsromp"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "runko"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coque"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casco"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rumpf"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "skáfos",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "σκάφος"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "skáphos",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "σκάφος"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "guf",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גּוּף"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "hajótest"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "test"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "törzs"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "kareno"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cabhail"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scafo"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"alt": "せんたい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sentai",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "船体"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"alt": "船體",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seonche",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "선체"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "badan kapal"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "kung"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "tīwai"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mi",
"english": "outer surface",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "pāpāwai"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "tahiwi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "kōhiwi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "atsʼaʼ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "côsse"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skrog"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "karn, karın",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "قارن"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kadłub"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casco"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cocă"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carenă"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórpus",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рпус"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fjuzeljáž",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фюзеля́ж"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kúzov",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ку́зов"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "slige"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plaosg"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochall"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trup"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casco"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skrov"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kórpus",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рпус"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corff llong"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geometry",
"orig": "en:Geometry",
"parents": [
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "en:Mathematics",
"parents": [
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"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 22 21 19 8 19 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 23 25 18 7 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The orthogonal convex hull of an orthogonal polygon is the smallest orthogonally convex polygon that encloses the original polygon.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "holomorphically convex hull; affine hull; injective hull",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset."
],
"id": "en-hull-en-noun-bgMzEFSE",
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"smallest",
"smallest"
],
[
"set",
"set"
],
[
"convexity",
"convexity"
],
[
"contain",
"contain"
],
[
"intersection",
"intersection"
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[
"subset",
"subset"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics, geometry, of a set A) The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a set A"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "span"
}
],
"topics": [
"geometry",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hʌl/"
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{
"rhymes": "-ʌl"
},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"hull"
],
"word": "hull"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "holle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English holle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hoole",
"t": "hull, hold of a ship, ship"
},
"expansion": "hoole (“hull, hold of a ship, ship”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hole"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hole",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hoole"
},
"expansion": "hoole",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "holle",
"lit": "hole, hollow",
"t": "hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment"
},
"expansion": "holle (“hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment”, literally “hole, hollow”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hol",
"t": "hole, ship's cargo hold"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hol (“hole, ship's cargo hold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hole"
},
"expansion": "hole",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English holle, hoole (“hull, hold of a ship, ship”), of uncertain origin. Possibly a variant and special use of Etymology 1 above, conformed to hull. Alternatively, a variant of Middle English hole, hoole, holle (“hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment”, literally “hole, hollow”), related to Middle Dutch and Dutch hol (“hole, ship's cargo hold”). More at hole.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hulls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hulling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hulled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hulled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 22 21 19 8 19 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 23 25 18 7 18 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 14 11 11 4 53 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ship parts",
"orig": "en:Ship parts",
"parents": [
"Nautical",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1716, Thomas Browne, edited by Samuel Johnson, Christian Morals, 2nd edition, London: J. Payne, published 1756, Part I, p. 8",
"text": "In this virtuous voyage of life hull not about like the ark, without the use of rudder, mast, or sail, and bound for no port.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To drift; to be carried by the impetus of wind or water on the ship's hull alone, with sails furled."
],
"id": "en-hull-en-verb-RdHEM36k",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"drift",
"drift"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, intransitive, nautical) To drift; to be carried by the impetus of wind or water on the ship's hull alone, with sails furled."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1774, George Shelvocke, “The Voyage of Captain Shelvock Round the World”, in David Henry, editor, An Historical Account of All the Voyages Round the World, Performed by English Navigators, volume 2, London: F. Newbery, page 163",
"text": "During this action, we had not a man killed or wounded, although the enemy often hulled us, and once, in particular, a shot coming into one of our ports, dismounted one of our guns between decks […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit (a ship) in the hull with cannon fire etc."
],
"id": "en-hull-en-verb-2Z8TKoye",
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To hit (a ship) in the hull with cannon fire etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hʌl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hull.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"hull"
],
"word": "hull"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌl/1 syllable",
"en:Ship parts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rice hull"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hul"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hul",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hulle"
},
"expansion": "hulle",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "holle",
"t": "seed covering, hull of a ship"
},
"expansion": "holle (“seed covering, hull of a ship”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hulu",
"t": "seed covering"
},
"expansion": "Old English hulu (“seed covering”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hul-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hul-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hul",
"t": "hood"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hul (“hood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hülle"
},
"expansion": "German Hülle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hülse",
"t": "cover, veil"
},
"expansion": "Hülse (“cover, veil”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover, hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kal-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "calad"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish calad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "calath",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "calath (“hard”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callus"
},
"expansion": "Latin callus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callum",
"t": "rough skin"
},
"expansion": "callum (“rough skin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "калити",
"t": "to cool, harden"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "coque",
"t": "nutshell; ship's hull"
},
"expansion": "French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάσηλος",
"t": "bean pod; yacht"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hul, hulle, holle (“seed covering, hull of a ship”), from Old English hulu (“seed covering”), from Proto-Germanic *hul- (compare Dutch hul (“hood”),\nGerman Hülle, Hülse (“cover, veil”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”); or possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”) (compare Old Irish calad, calath (“hard”), Latin callus, callum (“rough skin”), Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”)). For the sense development, compare French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”), Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hulls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hull (plural hulls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The outer covering of a fruit or seed."
],
"links": [
[
"covering",
"covering"
],
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
],
[
"seed",
"seed"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "peel"
},
{
"word": "husk"
},
{
"word": "shell"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any covering."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hʌl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hull.wav",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šušulka",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шушулка"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "dop"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "kõder"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "seemnekest"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "kuori"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"english": "nuts",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coque"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"english": "peas, beans",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cosse"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "casca"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "moíña"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carapa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cornella"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "carolo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bagullo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casulo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bolerca"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pela"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hülse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schale"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schote"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "floiós",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "φλοιός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "floúda",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φλούδα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "héj"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "hüvely"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crotal"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kórupka",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ко́рупка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "lúšpa",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лу́шпа"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"english": "grains",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "sekam"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"english": "peas",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "lenggai"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bleayst"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "pāpapa"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "atsʼaʼ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "niyâm",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"word": "نیام"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schluw"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schal"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "casca"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coajă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "piele"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "înveliș"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "păstaie (pod)"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šeluxá",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "шелуха́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "skorlupá",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "скорлупа́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "luzgá",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "лузга́"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochall"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hollejo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vaina"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "balja"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skida"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skal"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"english": "peas, beans",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cib"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"english": "nuts",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"North",
"masculine"
],
"word": "plisgyn"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "outer covering of a fruit or seed",
"tags": [
"South",
"masculine"
],
"word": "masgl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"hull"
],
"word": "hull"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌl/1 syllable",
"en:Ship parts"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hul"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hul",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hulle"
},
"expansion": "hulle",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "holle",
"t": "seed covering, hull of a ship"
},
"expansion": "holle (“seed covering, hull of a ship”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hulu",
"t": "seed covering"
},
"expansion": "Old English hulu (“seed covering”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hul-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hul-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hul",
"t": "hood"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hul (“hood”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hülle"
},
"expansion": "German Hülle",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hülse",
"t": "cover, veil"
},
"expansion": "Hülse (“cover, veil”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"t": "to cover, hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kal-",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "calad"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish calad",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "calath",
"3": "",
"4": "hard"
},
"expansion": "calath (“hard”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callus"
},
"expansion": "Latin callus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "callum",
"t": "rough skin"
},
"expansion": "callum (“rough skin”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "калити",
"t": "to cool, harden"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "coque",
"t": "nutshell; ship's hull"
},
"expansion": "French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάσηλος",
"t": "bean pod; yacht"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hul, hulle, holle (“seed covering, hull of a ship”), from Old English hulu (“seed covering”), from Proto-Germanic *hul- (compare Dutch hul (“hood”),\nGerman Hülle, Hülse (“cover, veil”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”); or possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”) (compare Old Irish calad, calath (“hard”), Latin callus, callum (“rough skin”), Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”)). For the sense development, compare French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”), Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hulls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hulling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hulled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hulled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "She sat on the back porch hulling peanuts.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To remove the outer covering of a fruit or seed."
],
"links": [
[
"remove",
"remove"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "peel"
},
{
"word": "husk"
},
{
"word": "shell"
},
{
"word": "shuck"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hʌl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hull.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "belja",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "беля"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ljuštja",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "лющя"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "doppen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "kuoria"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "écosser"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "décortiquer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "escarolar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "descascar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "deluvar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "estonar"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "xefloudízo",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "ξεφλουδίζω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apofloióno",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "αποφλοιώνω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "hámoz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "lehámoz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "meghámoz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "fejt"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "hántol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "foszt (maize)"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "scil"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "menguliti"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "mengopek"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "kōwhā"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "descascar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čístitʹ",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "чи́стить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "počístitʹ",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "почи́стить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "odirátʹ",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "одира́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obodrátʹ",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ободра́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "luzgátʹ",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лузга́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "luščítʹ",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "лущи́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "descascarillar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "skala"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "diblisgo"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel",
"word": "disbeinio"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"hull"
],
"word": "hull"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌl/1 syllable",
"en:Ship parts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "affine hull"
},
{
"word": "ahull"
},
{
"word": "convex hull"
},
{
"word": "hull breach"
},
{
"word": "hull-down"
},
{
"word": "hulled"
},
{
"word": "hulless"
},
{
"word": "hull-loss accident"
},
{
"word": "hull speed"
},
{
"word": "hull splash"
},
{
"word": "hull-up"
},
{
"word": "invective hull"
},
{
"word": "monohull"
},
{
"word": "multihull"
},
{
"word": "pressure hull"
},
{
"word": "rice hull"
},
{
"word": "tank hull"
},
{
"word": "turtle hull"
},
{
"word": "twinhull"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "holle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English holle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hoole",
"t": "hull, hold of a ship, ship"
},
"expansion": "hoole (“hull, hold of a ship, ship”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hole"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hole",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hoole"
},
"expansion": "hoole",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "holle",
"lit": "hole, hollow",
"t": "hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment"
},
"expansion": "holle (“hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment”, literally “hole, hollow”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hol",
"t": "hole, ship's cargo hold"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hol (“hole, ship's cargo hold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hole"
},
"expansion": "hole",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English holle, hoole (“hull, hold of a ship, ship”), of uncertain origin. Possibly a variant and special use of Etymology 1 above, conformed to hull. Alternatively, a variant of Middle English hole, hoole, holle (“hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment”, literally “hole, hollow”), related to Middle Dutch and Dutch hol (“hole, ship's cargo hold”). More at hole.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hulls",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hull (plural hulls)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, Quatrain 60, 1808, The Works of John Dryden, Volume 9, page 115,\nDeep in their hulls our deadly bullets light, / And through the yielding planks a passage find."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The body or frame of a vessel, such as a ship or plane."
],
"links": [
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
],
[
"plane",
"plane"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:frame"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fuselage"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Geometry",
"en:Mathematics"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The orthogonal convex hull of an orthogonal polygon is the smallest orthogonally convex polygon that encloses the original polygon.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "holomorphically convex hull; affine hull; injective hull",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset."
],
"links": [
[
"mathematics",
"mathematics"
],
[
"geometry",
"geometry"
],
[
"smallest",
"smallest"
],
[
"set",
"set"
],
[
"convexity",
"convexity"
],
[
"contain",
"contain"
],
[
"intersection",
"intersection"
],
[
"subset",
"subset"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mathematics, geometry, of a set A) The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a set A"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "span"
}
],
"topics": [
"geometry",
"mathematics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hʌl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hull.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kórpus",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рпус"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kórpus",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рпус"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fjuzeláž",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фюзела́ж"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buc"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "船體"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuántǐ",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "船体"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skrog"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "casco"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scheepsromp"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "runko"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coque"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casco"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rumpf"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "skáfos",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "σκάφος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "skáphos",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "σκάφος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "guf",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גּוּף"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "hajótest"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "test"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "törzs"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "kareno"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cabhail"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "scafo"
},
{
"alt": "せんたい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sentai",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "船体"
},
{
"alt": "船體",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "seonche",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "선체"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "badan kapal"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "kung"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "tīwai"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"english": "outer surface",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "pāpāwai"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "tahiwi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "kōhiwi"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "atsʼaʼ"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "côsse"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skrog"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "karn, karın",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"word": "قارن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kadłub"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casco"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cocă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carenă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kórpus",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рпус"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fjuzeljáž",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "фюзеля́ж"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kúzov",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ку́зов"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "slige"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plaosg"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cochall"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trup"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "casco"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skrov"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kórpus",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́рпус"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "the body or frame of a vessel",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corff llong"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"hull"
],
"word": "hull"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌl/1 syllable",
"en:Ship parts"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "holle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English holle",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hoole",
"t": "hull, hold of a ship, ship"
},
"expansion": "hoole (“hull, hold of a ship, ship”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hole"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hole",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "hoole"
},
"expansion": "hoole",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "holle",
"lit": "hole, hollow",
"t": "hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment"
},
"expansion": "holle (“hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment”, literally “hole, hollow”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "hol",
"t": "hole, ship's cargo hold"
},
"expansion": "Dutch hol (“hole, ship's cargo hold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hole"
},
"expansion": "hole",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English holle, hoole (“hull, hold of a ship, ship”), of uncertain origin. Possibly a variant and special use of Etymology 1 above, conformed to hull. Alternatively, a variant of Middle English hole, hoole, holle (“hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment”, literally “hole, hollow”), related to Middle Dutch and Dutch hol (“hole, ship's cargo hold”). More at hole.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hulls",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hulling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hulled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hulled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Nautical"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1716, Thomas Browne, edited by Samuel Johnson, Christian Morals, 2nd edition, London: J. Payne, published 1756, Part I, p. 8",
"text": "In this virtuous voyage of life hull not about like the ark, without the use of rudder, mast, or sail, and bound for no port.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To drift; to be carried by the impetus of wind or water on the ship's hull alone, with sails furled."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"drift",
"drift"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, intransitive, nautical) To drift; to be carried by the impetus of wind or water on the ship's hull alone, with sails furled."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1774, George Shelvocke, “The Voyage of Captain Shelvock Round the World”, in David Henry, editor, An Historical Account of All the Voyages Round the World, Performed by English Navigators, volume 2, London: F. Newbery, page 163",
"text": "During this action, we had not a man killed or wounded, although the enemy often hulled us, and once, in particular, a shot coming into one of our ports, dismounted one of our guns between decks […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To hit (a ship) in the hull with cannon fire etc."
],
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To hit (a ship) in the hull with cannon fire etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hʌl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-hull.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ea/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-hull.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"hull"
],
"word": "hull"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.