See cosmos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for cosmos meaning in English (55.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cosmism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cosmist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "cosmize"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "universe"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱens-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cosmos",
"t": "the universe; the world"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cosmos (“the universe; the world”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόσμος",
"t": "order; universe; the earth, the world; decoration, ornament"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “order; universe; the earth, the world; decoration, ornament”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱens-",
"t": "to announce, proclaim; to put in order"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱens- (“to announce, proclaim; to put in order”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "plural"
},
"expansion": "plural",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόσμοι",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κόσμοι (kósmoi)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cosmos (“the universe; the world”), borrowed from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “order; universe; the earth, the world; decoration, ornament”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱens- (“to announce, proclaim; to put in order”).\nThe plural form cosmoi is a learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κόσμοι (kósmoi).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cosmoses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cosmoi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "+",
"3": "cosmoi"
},
"expansion": "cosmos (countable and uncountable, plural cosmoses or cosmoi)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cos‧mos",
"cos‧moi"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Cosmas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cosmic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cosmo-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cosmogony"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cosmography"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cosmology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cosmonaut"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cosmopolitan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cosmovision"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chukchi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cornish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 41 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 43 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 44 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 44 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 44 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1850 August, “Art. V.—The Baron Humboldt’s ‘Cosmos.’ The Physical History of the Universe Explained and Displayed.”, in J[ames] D[unwoody] B[rownson] De Bow, editor, De Bow’s Review of the Southern and Western States, volume I (3rd Series; volume IX overall), number 2, New Orleans, La.: J. D. B. De Bow, →OCLC, page 153",
"text": "This doctrine [the nebular hypothesis] supposes all the material universe to have been once in a fluid or nebular condition, and that, by the operation of universal gravitation and the thousand other laws of nature, the nebular matter has been mainly aggregated into masses, and the existing cosmoi been developed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1980, Carl Sagan, “The Shores of the Cosmic Ocean”, in Cosmos, New York, N.Y.: Random House, page 4",
"text": "The Cosmos is all that is or was or ever will be. Our feeblest contemplations of the Cosmos stir us—there is a tingling in the spine, a catch in the voice, a faint sensation, as if a distant memory, of falling from a height. We know we are approaching the greatest of mysteries.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Andrew Gregory, “The Origins of the Cosmos and of Life: Consider Your Origins”, in Jon Turney, editor, Eureka! The Birth of Science (Revolutions in Science), Duxford, Cambridgeshire: Icon Books; Totem Books, page 98",
"text": "Along with this question of order was the question of whether there was one cosmos or many ‘cosmoi’. Plato and Aristotle firmly believed that there was one unique cosmos that was in some way structured for the best. The atomists, on the other hand, believed that there were many cosmoi, separate from one another, in which everything happened by chance.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Terry Horgan, “Materialism, Minimal Emergentism, and the Hard Problem of Consciousness”, in Robert C[harles] Koons, George Bealer, editors, The Waning of Materialism, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, part IV (Alternatives to Materialism), pages 309–310",
"text": "In seeking a satisfactory formulation of materialism, it helps to employ the notion of a possible world. Possible worlds are plausibly construed not literally as universes other than the single real universe (i.e., not as cosmoi), but rather as total ways the cosmos might be—i.e., maximal properties instantiable by the single real world (the single cosmos). On this usage, the item designated as the actual world—considered as one among the various possible worlds—is not itself the cosmos either, but rather is the total cosmos-instantiable property that is actually instantiated by the cosmos. But it will be convenient in practice to speak as though the actual world is the cosmos and as though other possible worlds are other such cosmoi — a harmless enough manner of speaking, as long as one bears in mind that it is not intended literally.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The universe regarded as a system with harmony and order."
],
"id": "en-cosmos-en-noun-en:universe",
"links": [
[
"universe",
"universe"
],
[
"regarded",
"regard#Verb"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"harmony",
"harmony"
],
[
"order",
"order#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) The universe regarded as a system with harmony and order."
],
"senseid": [
"en:universe"
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chukchi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cornish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 41 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 43 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 44 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 44 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 44 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1890 May 14, S. B. Palmer, “Matter and Force in the Oral Cavity”, in James W[illiam] White, editor, The Dental Cosmos: A Monthly Record of Dental Science. […], volume XXXII, number 7, Philadelphia, Pa.: The S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Co., […], published July 1890, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 538",
"text": "This simple cell is a cosmos in this respect: it represents the laws of the universe in changes of matter, and clearly exemplifies their workings in the oral cavity.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022, Tobias Baitsch, Amita Bhide, “Politics of Land Use Regulations”, in Luca Pattaroni, Amita Bhide, Christine Lutringer, editors, Politics of Urban Planning: The Making and Unmaking of the Mumbai Development Plan 2014–2034 (Exploring Urban Change in South Asia), Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, →DOI, →ISSN, page 87",
"text": "Obviously, there are multiple cosmoses in the debate, out of which we picked four. The two first can be understood as compromise cosmoses. […] There is the cosmos of the reformer, which took by and large shape in the EDDP and which we entitled Public Future. Then there is the cosmos of the existing mode of ordering the city which by and large prevailed in the RDDP. […] Further, we present two cosmoses nurturing the strong opposition. They are both militant perspectives surging from the \"civil society\".",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The universe regarded as a system with harmony and order.",
"A harmonious, ordered whole."
],
"id": "en-cosmos-en-noun-en:universe1",
"links": [
[
"universe",
"universe"
],
[
"regarded",
"regard#Verb"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"harmony",
"harmony"
],
[
"order",
"order#Noun"
],
[
"harmonious",
"harmonious"
],
[
"ordered",
"ordered#Adjective"
],
[
"whole",
"whole#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) The universe regarded as a system with harmony and order.",
"(by extension) A harmonious, ordered whole."
],
"senseid": [
"en:universe"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 92 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harmonious, ordered whole",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 92 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "harmonious, ordered whole",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 92 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sistéma",
"sense": "harmonious, ordered whole",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "систе́ма"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "chaos"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chukchi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cornish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 41 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 43 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 44 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 44 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 41 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkmen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 42 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 39 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 44 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Harmony, order."
],
"id": "en-cosmos-en-noun-4Eser-p4",
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Harmony, order."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒzmɒs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑzməs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑzˌmoʊs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒzmɔɪ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑzmɔɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏz'mŏs"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏz'mōs"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "kosmos"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gjithësi"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "faḍāʔ",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "فَضَاء"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kawn",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "كَوْن"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-kawn",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "الْكَوْن"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kosmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "կոսմոս"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tiezerkʻ",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "տիեզերք"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kósmas",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́смас"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "susvjét",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сусве́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "susʹvjét",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Taraškievica",
"masculine"
],
"word": "сусьве́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kósmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́смос"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vseléna",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вселе́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tàikōng",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "太空"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǔzhòu",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "宇宙"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "iʼiʼn",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "иʼиʼн"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "ṇargynėn",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "ӈаргынэн"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "ymṇargynėn",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "ымӈаргынэн"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vesmír"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "heelal"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wereldal"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "maailmankaikkeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳosmosi",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "კოსმოსი"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "All"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Weltall"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kósmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κόσμος"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kósmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קוֹסמוֹס"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kozmosz"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "világegyetem"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alheimur"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kosumosu",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "コスモス"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"alt": "うちゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "uchū",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "宇宙"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ğalam",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "ғалам"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ğaryş",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "ғарыш"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaʼvĕəʼkaah",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "អវកាស"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "koseumoseu",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "코스모스"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"alt": "宇宙",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "uju",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "우주"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "aalam",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "аалам"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "büt düynö",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "бүт дүйнө"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "chak ka wān",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "ຈັກກະວານ"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mundus"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosmoss"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosmosas"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kosmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "космос"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vselena",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вселена"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "tātai tuarangi"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "sansar",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "сансар"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "eall gesceaft"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "keyhân",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "کیهان"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wszechświat"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kósmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́смос"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vselénnaja",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вселе́нная"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко̏смос"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "све̏мӣр"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "васио́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kȍsmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "svȅmīr"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vasióna"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmu"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "còsimu"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vesmír"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vesolje"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "mayaw"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "kayhon",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "кайҳон"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "koyinot",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "коинот"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "jàk-grà-waan",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "จักรวาล"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kozmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "evren"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kósmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́смос"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vsésvit",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "все́світ"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "ka'inat",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "كائىنات"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "peza",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "پەزا"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "fazo"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "koinot"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"alt": "宇宙",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "vũ trụ"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmod"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 46 8",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kosmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קאָסמאָס"
}
],
"word": "cosmos"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "garden cosmos"
},
"expansion": "garden cosmos",
"name": "vern"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Cosmos bipinnatus",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Cosmos bipinnatus",
"name": "taxlink"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mul",
"3": "Cosmos",
"pos": "genus name"
},
"expansion": "translingual Cosmos (genus name)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "NL.",
"3": "cosmos"
},
"expansion": "New Latin cosmos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόσμος",
"t": "decoration, ornament; order; universe; the earth, the world"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “decoration, ornament; order; universe; the earth, the world”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from translingual Cosmos (genus name), from New Latin cosmos, from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “decoration, ornament; order; universe; the earth, the world”) (referring to its elegant leaves).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cosmos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "cosmos"
},
"expansion": "cosmos (countable and uncountable, plural cosmos)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cos‧mos"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 45 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 52 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 4 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 5 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 7 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 4 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 7 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 3 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 12 49 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Coreopsideae tribe plants",
"orig": "en:Coreopsideae tribe plants",
"parents": [
"Composites",
"Asterales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1840, [Jane] Loudon, “Compositæ”, in The Ladies’ Flower-garden of Ornamental Annuals, London: William Smith, […], →OCLC, pages 184–185",
"text": "This beautiful plant was discovered in Mexico, before 1789; as seeds of it sent to Madrid produced plants, which blossomed in that year in the Royal Botanic Garden of Spain. It was first described and figured in 1797, by [Antonio José] Cavanilles, who called it Cosmos, from the Greek word Kosmos, beautiful; but this name was afterwards altered by [Carl Ludwig] Willdenow to Cosmea, as being more consistent with the rules of botanical nomenclature.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1861, William Jackson Hooker, “Tab. 5227. COSMOS DIVERSIFOLIUS; var. atro-sanguineus.”, in Samuel Curtis, editor, Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, Comprising the Plants of the Royal Gardens of Kew and of Other Botanical Establishments in Great Britain; […], volume XVII (3rd Series; volume LXXXVII overall), London: Lovell Reeve & Co., […], →ISSN, →OCLC",
"text": "COSMOS DIVERSIFOLIUS; var. atro-sanguineus. Various-leaved Cosmos; deep blood-flowered var. […] Seeds of this plant were received by Mr. Thompson, of Ipswich, from Mexico. It is doubtless a handsome species of Cosmos. The question is if it can be safely referred to any described species.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1947, R[asipuram] K[rishnaswami Iyer] Narayan[aswami], “An Astrologer’s Day”, in An Astrologer’s Day and Other Stories, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, →OCLC, page 1",
"text": "People were attracted to him as bees are attracted to cosmos or dahlia stalks.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1984 December 31, Frank E[dward] Young, Margaret Heckler, “Biological Products; Allergenic Extracts; Implementation of Efficacy Review [21 CFR Parts 600, 610, and 680; Docket No. 81N-0096]”, in Federal Register, volume 50, part II (Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration), number 15, Washington, D.C.: Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, published 23 January 1985, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3136, column 3",
"text": "[P]atients with positive skin reactions to short ragweed pollen usually had positive skin reactions to cosmos.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Norman Winter, “Annuals: Plants that Hustle”, in Tough-as-nails Flowers for the South, Jackson, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi, page 24, column 2",
"text": "The cosmos gives a perennial-like performance by reseeding, although the resulting flower may be different than the parent.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various mostly Mexican herbs of the genus Cosmos having radiate heads of variously coloured flowers and pinnate leaves."
],
"id": "en-cosmos-en-noun-YHwkaGYq",
"links": [
[
"various",
"various"
],
[
"Mexican",
"Mexican#Adjective"
],
[
"herb",
"herb"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Cosmos",
"Cosmos"
],
[
"radiate",
"radiate#Adjective"
],
[
"heads",
"head#Noun"
],
[
"variously",
"variously"
],
[
"coloured",
"colored#Adjective"
],
[
"flowers",
"flower#Noun"
],
[
"pinnate",
"pinnate"
],
[
"leaves",
"leaf#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "zardeni",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"word": "զարդենի"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"word": "kosmoskukka"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kosumosu",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"word": "コスモス"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmos"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kósmos",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́смос"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kosméja",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "косме́я"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmos"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒzmɒs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑzməs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑzˌmoʊs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏz'mŏs"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏz'mōs"
}
],
"word": "cosmos"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "plural"
},
"expansion": "plural",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cosmo",
"3": "-s",
"id2": "regular plural",
"pos2": "suffix forming regular plurals of nouns"
},
"expansion": "cosmo + -s (suffix forming regular plurals of nouns)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From cosmo + -s (suffix forming regular plurals of nouns).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "cosmos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cos‧mos"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 45 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 2 30 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -s (regular plural)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cosmo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of cosmo"
],
"id": "en-cosmos-en-noun-nNogWOhD",
"links": [
[
"cosmo",
"cosmo#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒzməʊz/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑzmoʊz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cosmos2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos2.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "cosmos"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱens-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -s (regular plural)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Chukchi translations",
"Terms with Cornish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Coreopsideae tribe plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cosmism"
},
{
"word": "cosmist"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "cosmize"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "English",
"name": "langname"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "universe"
},
"expansion": "sense 1",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱens-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cosmos",
"t": "the universe; the world"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cosmos (“the universe; the world”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόσμος",
"t": "order; universe; the earth, the world; decoration, ornament"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “order; universe; the earth, the world; decoration, ornament”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱens-",
"t": "to announce, proclaim; to put in order"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱens- (“to announce, proclaim; to put in order”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "plural"
},
"expansion": "plural",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόσμοι",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κόσμοι (kósmoi)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cosmos (“the universe; the world”), borrowed from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “order; universe; the earth, the world; decoration, ornament”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱens- (“to announce, proclaim; to put in order”).\nThe plural form cosmoi is a learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κόσμοι (kósmoi).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cosmoses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cosmoi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "+",
"3": "cosmoi"
},
"expansion": "cosmos (countable and uncountable, plural cosmoses or cosmoi)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cos‧mos",
"cos‧moi"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Cosmas"
},
{
"word": "cosmic"
},
{
"word": "cosmo-"
},
{
"word": "cosmogony"
},
{
"word": "cosmography"
},
{
"word": "cosmology"
},
{
"word": "cosmonaut"
},
{
"word": "cosmopolitan"
},
{
"word": "cosmovision"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1850 August, “Art. V.—The Baron Humboldt’s ‘Cosmos.’ The Physical History of the Universe Explained and Displayed.”, in J[ames] D[unwoody] B[rownson] De Bow, editor, De Bow’s Review of the Southern and Western States, volume I (3rd Series; volume IX overall), number 2, New Orleans, La.: J. D. B. De Bow, →OCLC, page 153",
"text": "This doctrine [the nebular hypothesis] supposes all the material universe to have been once in a fluid or nebular condition, and that, by the operation of universal gravitation and the thousand other laws of nature, the nebular matter has been mainly aggregated into masses, and the existing cosmoi been developed.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1980, Carl Sagan, “The Shores of the Cosmic Ocean”, in Cosmos, New York, N.Y.: Random House, page 4",
"text": "The Cosmos is all that is or was or ever will be. Our feeblest contemplations of the Cosmos stir us—there is a tingling in the spine, a catch in the voice, a faint sensation, as if a distant memory, of falling from a height. We know we are approaching the greatest of mysteries.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Andrew Gregory, “The Origins of the Cosmos and of Life: Consider Your Origins”, in Jon Turney, editor, Eureka! The Birth of Science (Revolutions in Science), Duxford, Cambridgeshire: Icon Books; Totem Books, page 98",
"text": "Along with this question of order was the question of whether there was one cosmos or many ‘cosmoi’. Plato and Aristotle firmly believed that there was one unique cosmos that was in some way structured for the best. The atomists, on the other hand, believed that there were many cosmoi, separate from one another, in which everything happened by chance.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Terry Horgan, “Materialism, Minimal Emergentism, and the Hard Problem of Consciousness”, in Robert C[harles] Koons, George Bealer, editors, The Waning of Materialism, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, part IV (Alternatives to Materialism), pages 309–310",
"text": "In seeking a satisfactory formulation of materialism, it helps to employ the notion of a possible world. Possible worlds are plausibly construed not literally as universes other than the single real universe (i.e., not as cosmoi), but rather as total ways the cosmos might be—i.e., maximal properties instantiable by the single real world (the single cosmos). On this usage, the item designated as the actual world—considered as one among the various possible worlds—is not itself the cosmos either, but rather is the total cosmos-instantiable property that is actually instantiated by the cosmos. But it will be convenient in practice to speak as though the actual world is the cosmos and as though other possible worlds are other such cosmoi — a harmless enough manner of speaking, as long as one bears in mind that it is not intended literally.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The universe regarded as a system with harmony and order."
],
"links": [
[
"universe",
"universe"
],
[
"regarded",
"regard#Verb"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"harmony",
"harmony"
],
[
"order",
"order#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) The universe regarded as a system with harmony and order."
],
"senseid": [
"en:universe"
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1890 May 14, S. B. Palmer, “Matter and Force in the Oral Cavity”, in James W[illiam] White, editor, The Dental Cosmos: A Monthly Record of Dental Science. […], volume XXXII, number 7, Philadelphia, Pa.: The S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Co., […], published July 1890, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 538",
"text": "This simple cell is a cosmos in this respect: it represents the laws of the universe in changes of matter, and clearly exemplifies their workings in the oral cavity.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022, Tobias Baitsch, Amita Bhide, “Politics of Land Use Regulations”, in Luca Pattaroni, Amita Bhide, Christine Lutringer, editors, Politics of Urban Planning: The Making and Unmaking of the Mumbai Development Plan 2014–2034 (Exploring Urban Change in South Asia), Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, →DOI, →ISSN, page 87",
"text": "Obviously, there are multiple cosmoses in the debate, out of which we picked four. The two first can be understood as compromise cosmoses. […] There is the cosmos of the reformer, which took by and large shape in the EDDP and which we entitled Public Future. Then there is the cosmos of the existing mode of ordering the city which by and large prevailed in the RDDP. […] Further, we present two cosmoses nurturing the strong opposition. They are both militant perspectives surging from the \"civil society\".",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The universe regarded as a system with harmony and order.",
"A harmonious, ordered whole."
],
"links": [
[
"universe",
"universe"
],
[
"regarded",
"regard#Verb"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"harmony",
"harmony"
],
[
"order",
"order#Noun"
],
[
"harmonious",
"harmonious"
],
[
"ordered",
"ordered#Adjective"
],
[
"whole",
"whole#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) The universe regarded as a system with harmony and order.",
"(by extension) A harmonious, ordered whole."
],
"senseid": [
"en:universe"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "chaos"
}
],
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Harmony, order."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Harmony, order."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒzmɒs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑzməs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑzˌmoʊs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒzmɔɪ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑzmɔɪ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏz'mŏs"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏz'mōs"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "kosmos"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozmos"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gjithësi"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "faḍāʔ",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "فَضَاء"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kawn",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "كَوْن"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-kawn",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "الْكَوْن"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kosmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "կոսմոս"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tiezerkʻ",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "տիեզերք"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kósmas",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́смас"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "susvjét",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сусве́т"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "susʹvjét",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Taraškievica",
"masculine"
],
"word": "сусьве́т"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kósmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́смос"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vseléna",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вселе́на"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmos"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tàikōng",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "太空"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǔzhòu",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "宇宙"
},
{
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "iʼiʼn",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "иʼиʼн"
},
{
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "ṇargynėn",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "ӈаргынэн"
},
{
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "ymṇargynėn",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "ымӈаргынэн"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vesmír"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "heelal"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wereldal"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "maailmankaikkeus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmos"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmos"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳosmosi",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "კოსმოსი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kosmos"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "All"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Weltall"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kósmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κόσμος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kósmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קוֹסמוֹס"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kozmosz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "világegyetem"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alheimur"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmo"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kosumosu",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "コスモス"
},
{
"alt": "うちゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "uchū",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "宇宙"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ğalam",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "ғалам"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "ğaryş",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "ғарыш"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaʼvĕəʼkaah",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "អវកាស"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "koseumoseu",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "코스모스"
},
{
"alt": "宇宙",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "uju",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "우주"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "aalam",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "аалам"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "büt düynö",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "бүт дүйнө"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "chak ka wān",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "ຈັກກະວານ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mundus"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosmoss"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosmosas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kosmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "космос"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vselena",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вселена"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "tātai tuarangi"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "sansar",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "сансар"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "eall gesceaft"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "keyhân",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "کیهان"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wszechświat"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmos"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cosmos"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kósmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́смос"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vselénnaja",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вселе́нная"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко̏смос"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "све̏мӣр"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "васио́на"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kȍsmos"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "svȅmīr"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "vasióna"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "còsimu"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vesmír"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kozmos"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vesolje"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmos"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "mayaw"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "kayhon",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "кайҳон"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "koyinot",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "коинот"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "jàk-grà-waan",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "จักรวาล"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kozmos"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "evren"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kósmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́смос"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vsésvit",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "все́світ"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "ka'inat",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "كائىنات"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "peza",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "پەزا"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "fazo"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "koinot"
},
{
"alt": "宇宙",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "vũ trụ"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"word": "kosmod"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kosmos",
"sense": "universe regarded as a system with harmony and order",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קאָסמאָס"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harmonious, ordered whole",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "harmonious, ordered whole",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kosmos"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sistéma",
"sense": "harmonious, ordered whole",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "систе́ма"
}
],
"word": "cosmos"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Translingual",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from New Latin",
"English terms derived from Translingual",
"English terms suffixed with -s (regular plural)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Coreopsideae tribe plants"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "garden cosmos"
},
"expansion": "garden cosmos",
"name": "vern"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Cosmos bipinnatus",
"2": "species"
},
"expansion": "Cosmos bipinnatus",
"name": "taxlink"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mul",
"3": "Cosmos",
"pos": "genus name"
},
"expansion": "translingual Cosmos (genus name)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "NL.",
"3": "cosmos"
},
"expansion": "New Latin cosmos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κόσμος",
"t": "decoration, ornament; order; universe; the earth, the world"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “decoration, ornament; order; universe; the earth, the world”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2"
},
"expansion": "²",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from translingual Cosmos (genus name), from New Latin cosmos, from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “decoration, ornament; order; universe; the earth, the world”) (referring to its elegant leaves).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cosmos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "cosmos"
},
"expansion": "cosmos (countable and uncountable, plural cosmos)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cos‧mos"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1840, [Jane] Loudon, “Compositæ”, in The Ladies’ Flower-garden of Ornamental Annuals, London: William Smith, […], →OCLC, pages 184–185",
"text": "This beautiful plant was discovered in Mexico, before 1789; as seeds of it sent to Madrid produced plants, which blossomed in that year in the Royal Botanic Garden of Spain. It was first described and figured in 1797, by [Antonio José] Cavanilles, who called it Cosmos, from the Greek word Kosmos, beautiful; but this name was afterwards altered by [Carl Ludwig] Willdenow to Cosmea, as being more consistent with the rules of botanical nomenclature.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1861, William Jackson Hooker, “Tab. 5227. COSMOS DIVERSIFOLIUS; var. atro-sanguineus.”, in Samuel Curtis, editor, Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, Comprising the Plants of the Royal Gardens of Kew and of Other Botanical Establishments in Great Britain; […], volume XVII (3rd Series; volume LXXXVII overall), London: Lovell Reeve & Co., […], →ISSN, →OCLC",
"text": "COSMOS DIVERSIFOLIUS; var. atro-sanguineus. Various-leaved Cosmos; deep blood-flowered var. […] Seeds of this plant were received by Mr. Thompson, of Ipswich, from Mexico. It is doubtless a handsome species of Cosmos. The question is if it can be safely referred to any described species.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1947, R[asipuram] K[rishnaswami Iyer] Narayan[aswami], “An Astrologer’s Day”, in An Astrologer’s Day and Other Stories, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, →OCLC, page 1",
"text": "People were attracted to him as bees are attracted to cosmos or dahlia stalks.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1984 December 31, Frank E[dward] Young, Margaret Heckler, “Biological Products; Allergenic Extracts; Implementation of Efficacy Review [21 CFR Parts 600, 610, and 680; Docket No. 81N-0096]”, in Federal Register, volume 50, part II (Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration), number 15, Washington, D.C.: Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, published 23 January 1985, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3136, column 3",
"text": "[P]atients with positive skin reactions to short ragweed pollen usually had positive skin reactions to cosmos.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Norman Winter, “Annuals: Plants that Hustle”, in Tough-as-nails Flowers for the South, Jackson, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi, page 24, column 2",
"text": "The cosmos gives a perennial-like performance by reseeding, although the resulting flower may be different than the parent.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various mostly Mexican herbs of the genus Cosmos having radiate heads of variously coloured flowers and pinnate leaves."
],
"links": [
[
"various",
"various"
],
[
"Mexican",
"Mexican#Adjective"
],
[
"herb",
"herb"
],
[
"genus",
"genus"
],
[
"Cosmos",
"Cosmos"
],
[
"radiate",
"radiate#Adjective"
],
[
"heads",
"head#Noun"
],
[
"variously",
"variously"
],
[
"coloured",
"colored#Adjective"
],
[
"flowers",
"flower#Noun"
],
[
"pinnate",
"pinnate"
],
[
"leaves",
"leaf#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒzmɒs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑzməs/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑzˌmoʊs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos1.wav.ogg"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏz'mŏs"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏz'mōs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "zardeni",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"word": "զարդենի"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"word": "kosmos"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"word": "kosmoskukka"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kosumosu",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"word": "コスモス"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmos"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kósmos",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́смос"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kosméja",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "косме́я"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "herb of the genus Cosmos",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cosmos"
}
],
"word": "cosmos"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English terms suffixed with -s (regular plural)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"en:Coreopsideae tribe plants"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "plural"
},
"expansion": "plural",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cosmo",
"3": "-s",
"id2": "regular plural",
"pos2": "suffix forming regular plurals of nouns"
},
"expansion": "cosmo + -s (suffix forming regular plurals of nouns)",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From cosmo + -s (suffix forming regular plurals of nouns).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "cosmos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cos‧mos"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cosmo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of cosmo"
],
"links": [
[
"cosmo",
"cosmo#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒzməʊz/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑzmoʊz/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cosmos2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cosmos2.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "cosmos"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (e79c026 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.