"จักรวาล" meaning in Thai

See จักรวาล in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

IPA: /t͡ɕak̚˨˩.kra˨˩.waːn˧/ [standard] Forms: jàk-grà-waan [romanization]
Etymology: From Sanskrit चक्रवाल (cakravāla, “mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc”), from चक्र (cakra, “wheel; ring; circle”) + वाल (vāla, “circle”); perhaps via Old Khmer °ចក្ក្រាវាឡ (°cakkrāvāła, “(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc”); equivalent to Thai จักร (jàk) + วาล (waal). Cognate with Burmese စကြဝဠာ (ca.kra.wa.la); Modern Khmer ចក្រវាល (cak viəl), ចក្កវាឡ (cɑɑkkɑɑviəl), Lao ຈັກກະວານ (chak ka wān). Etymology templates: {{bor|th|sa|चक्रवाल|gloss=mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc}} Sanskrit चक्रवाल (cakravāla, “mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc”), {{m|sa|चक्र|gloss=wheel; ring; circle}} चक्र (cakra, “wheel; ring; circle”), {{m|sa|वाल|gloss=circle}} वाल (vāla, “circle”), {{bor|th|okz|°ចក្ក្រាវាឡ|gloss=(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc|tr=°cakkrāvāła}} Old Khmer °ចក្ក្រាវាឡ (°cakkrāvāła, “(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc”), {{cog|th|-}} Thai, {{com|th|จักร|วาล}} จักร (jàk) + วาล (waal), {{cog|my|စကြဝဠာ}} Burmese စကြဝဠာ (ca.kra.wa.la), {{cog|km|ចក្រវាល}} Khmer ចក្រវាល (cak viəl), {{m|km|ចក្កវាឡ}} ចក្កវាឡ (cɑɑkkɑɑviəl), {{cog|lo|ຈັກກະວານ}} Lao ຈັກກະວານ (chak ka wān) Head templates: {{th-proper noun}} จักรวาล • (jàk-grà-waan)
  1. (Buddhist and Hindu cosmology) Cakravāla Range: the range of mountains encircling the earth and separating light from darkness. Categories (topical): Cosmology
    Sense id: en-จักรวาล-th-name-JnpdbTXV
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: จักรพาล, †จักรพาฬ, †จักรวาฬ (jàk-grà-waan)

Noun

IPA: /t͡ɕak̚˨˩.kra˨˩.waːn˧/ [standard] Forms: jàk-grà-waan [romanization]
Etymology: From Sanskrit चक्रवाल (cakravāla, “mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc”), from चक्र (cakra, “wheel; ring; circle”) + वाल (vāla, “circle”); perhaps via Old Khmer °ចក្ក្រាវាឡ (°cakkrāvāła, “(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc”); equivalent to Thai จักร (jàk) + วาล (waal). Cognate with Burmese စကြဝဠာ (ca.kra.wa.la); Modern Khmer ចក្រវាល (cak viəl), ចក្កវាឡ (cɑɑkkɑɑviəl), Lao ຈັກກະວານ (chak ka wān). Etymology templates: {{bor|th|sa|चक्रवाल|gloss=mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc}} Sanskrit चक्रवाल (cakravāla, “mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc”), {{m|sa|चक्र|gloss=wheel; ring; circle}} चक्र (cakra, “wheel; ring; circle”), {{m|sa|वाल|gloss=circle}} वाल (vāla, “circle”), {{bor|th|okz|°ចក្ក្រាវាឡ|gloss=(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc|tr=°cakkrāvāła}} Old Khmer °ចក្ក្រាវាឡ (°cakkrāvāła, “(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc”), {{cog|th|-}} Thai, {{com|th|จักร|วาล}} จักร (jàk) + วาล (waal), {{cog|my|စကြဝဠာ}} Burmese စကြဝဠာ (ca.kra.wa.la), {{cog|km|ចក្រវាល}} Khmer ចក្រវាល (cak viəl), {{m|km|ចក្កវាឡ}} ចក្កវាឡ (cɑɑkkɑɑviəl), {{cog|lo|ຈັກກະວານ}} Lao ຈັກກະວານ (chak ka wān) Head templates: {{th-noun}} จักรวาล • (jàk-grà-waan)
  1. (Buddhist and Hindu cosmology) the area encircled by the said mountain range: the world, the whole world, the earth, etc. Categories (topical): Cosmology Categories (place): Mountains
    Sense id: en-จักรวาล-th-noun-zuZfX63Z Disambiguation of Mountains: 30 50 2 7 2 9 Categories (other): Thai entries with incorrect language header, Thai entries with topic categories using raw markup, Thai terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Thai entries with incorrect language header: 3 50 1 17 2 27 Disambiguation of Thai entries with topic categories using raw markup: 3 52 1 22 2 20 Disambiguation of Thai terms with redundant script codes: 4 50 1 22 2 21
  2. universe: cosmos. Synonyms (cosmos): เอกภพ (èek-gà-póp)
    Sense id: en-จักรวาล-th-noun-5sT-evSg Disambiguation of 'cosmos': 3 88 2 1 7
  3. (elegant) circle; sphere; precinct; region. Tags: formal
    Sense id: en-จักรวาล-th-noun-06Bz0-n1
  4. (elegant) mass; multitude; assemblage. Tags: formal
    Sense id: en-จักรวาล-th-noun-F~GRaP~p
  5. (neologism, influenced by English) universe: self-consistent setting for stories, events, etc (as in fiction, films, etc). Tags: neologism
    Sense id: en-จักรวาล-th-noun-lDmtcFlJ Categories (other): Thai neologisms
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: จักรพาล, †จักรพาฬ, †จักรวาฬ (jàk-grà-waan)

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for จักรวาล meaning in Thai (11.4kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "चक्रवाल",
        "gloss": "mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit चक्रवाल (cakravāla, “mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "चक्र",
        "gloss": "wheel; ring; circle"
      },
      "expansion": "चक्र (cakra, “wheel; ring; circle”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वाल",
        "gloss": "circle"
      },
      "expansion": "वाल (vāla, “circle”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "okz",
        "3": "°ចក្ក្រាវាឡ",
        "gloss": "(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc",
        "tr": "°cakkrāvāła"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer °ចក្ក្រាវាឡ (°cakkrāvāła, “(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Thai",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "จักร",
        "3": "วาล"
      },
      "expansion": "จักร (jàk) + วาล (waal)",
      "name": "com"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "my",
        "2": "စကြဝဠာ"
      },
      "expansion": "Burmese စကြဝဠာ (ca.kra.wa.la)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ចក្រវាល"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ចក្រវាល (cak viəl)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ចក្កវាឡ"
      },
      "expansion": "ចក្កវាឡ (cɑɑkkɑɑviəl)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lo",
        "2": "ຈັກກະວານ"
      },
      "expansion": "Lao ຈັກກະວານ (chak ka wān)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Sanskrit चक्रवाल (cakravāla, “mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc”), from चक्र (cakra, “wheel; ring; circle”) + वाल (vāla, “circle”); perhaps via Old Khmer °ចក្ក្រាវាឡ (°cakkrāvāła, “(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc”); equivalent to Thai จักร (jàk) + วาล (waal). Cognate with Burmese စကြဝဠာ (ca.kra.wa.la); Modern Khmer ចក្រវាល (cak viəl), ចក្កវាឡ (cɑɑkkɑɑviəl), Lao ຈັກກະວານ (chak ka wān).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jàk-grà-waan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "จักรวาล • (jàk-grà-waan)",
      "name": "th-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Thai",
  "lang_code": "th",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "th",
          "name": "Cosmology",
          "orig": "th:Cosmology",
          "parents": [
            "Astronomy",
            "Sciences",
            "Space",
            "All topics",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Cakravāla Range: the range of mountains encircling the earth and separating light from darkness."
      ],
      "id": "en-จักรวาล-th-name-JnpdbTXV",
      "links": [
        [
          "cosmology",
          "cosmology"
        ],
        [
          "range",
          "range"
        ],
        [
          "mountain",
          "mountain"
        ],
        [
          "encircling",
          "encircle"
        ],
        [
          "earth",
          "earth"
        ],
        [
          "separating",
          "separate"
        ],
        [
          "light",
          "light"
        ],
        [
          "darkness",
          "darkness"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Buddhist and Hindu cosmology",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhist and Hindu cosmology) Cakravāla Range: the range of mountains encircling the earth and separating light from darkness."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕak̚˨˩.kra˨˩.waːn˧/",
      "tags": [
        "standard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "จักรพาล"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "†จักรพาฬ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jàk-grà-waan",
      "word": "†จักรวาฬ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "จักรวาล"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "चक्रवाल",
        "gloss": "mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit चक्रवाल (cakravāla, “mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "चक्र",
        "gloss": "wheel; ring; circle"
      },
      "expansion": "चक्र (cakra, “wheel; ring; circle”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वाल",
        "gloss": "circle"
      },
      "expansion": "वाल (vāla, “circle”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "okz",
        "3": "°ចក្ក្រាវាឡ",
        "gloss": "(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc",
        "tr": "°cakkrāvāła"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer °ចក្ក្រាវាឡ (°cakkrāvāła, “(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Thai",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "จักร",
        "3": "วาล"
      },
      "expansion": "จักร (jàk) + วาล (waal)",
      "name": "com"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "my",
        "2": "စကြဝဠာ"
      },
      "expansion": "Burmese စကြဝဠာ (ca.kra.wa.la)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ចក្រវាល"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ចក្រវាល (cak viəl)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ចក្កវាឡ"
      },
      "expansion": "ចក្កវាឡ (cɑɑkkɑɑviəl)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lo",
        "2": "ຈັກກະວານ"
      },
      "expansion": "Lao ຈັກກະວານ (chak ka wān)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Sanskrit चक्रवाल (cakravāla, “mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc”), from चक्र (cakra, “wheel; ring; circle”) + वाल (vāla, “circle”); perhaps via Old Khmer °ចក្ក្រាវាឡ (°cakkrāvāła, “(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc”); equivalent to Thai จักร (jàk) + วาล (waal). Cognate with Burmese စကြဝဠာ (ca.kra.wa.la); Modern Khmer ចក្រវាល (cak viəl), ចក្កវាឡ (cɑɑkkɑɑviəl), Lao ຈັກກະວານ (chak ka wān).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jàk-grà-waan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "จักรวาล • (jàk-grà-waan)",
      "name": "th-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Thai",
  "lang_code": "th",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "th",
          "name": "Cosmology",
          "orig": "th:Cosmology",
          "parents": [
            "Astronomy",
            "Sciences",
            "Space",
            "All topics",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 50 1 17 2 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 52 1 22 2 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 50 1 22 2 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 50 2 7 2 9",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "th",
          "name": "Mountains",
          "orig": "th:Mountains",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the area encircled by the said mountain range: the world, the whole world, the earth, etc."
      ],
      "id": "en-จักรวาล-th-noun-zuZfX63Z",
      "links": [
        [
          "cosmology",
          "cosmology"
        ],
        [
          "area",
          "area"
        ],
        [
          "mountain range",
          "mountain range"
        ],
        [
          "world",
          "world"
        ],
        [
          "whole",
          "whole"
        ],
        [
          "earth",
          "earth"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Buddhist and Hindu cosmology",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhist and Hindu cosmology) the area encircled by the said mountain range: the world, the whole world, the earth, etc."
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "universe: cosmos."
      ],
      "id": "en-จักรวาล-th-noun-5sT-evSg",
      "links": [
        [
          "universe",
          "universe"
        ],
        [
          "cosmos",
          "cosmos"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 88 2 1 7",
          "roman": "èek-gà-póp",
          "sense": "cosmos",
          "word": "เอกภพ"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "circle; sphere; precinct; region."
      ],
      "id": "en-จักรวาล-th-noun-06Bz0-n1",
      "links": [
        [
          "circle",
          "circle"
        ],
        [
          "sphere",
          "sphere"
        ],
        [
          "precinct",
          "precinct"
        ],
        [
          "region",
          "region"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(elegant) circle; sphere; precinct; region."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "mass; multitude; assemblage."
      ],
      "id": "en-จักรวาล-th-noun-F~GRaP~p",
      "links": [
        [
          "mass",
          "mass"
        ],
        [
          "multitude",
          "multitude"
        ],
        [
          "assemblage",
          "assemblage"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(elegant) mass; multitude; assemblage."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Thai neologisms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Sony executives agree to have Spider-Man in Marvel Universe",
          "ref": "2020 February 21, Suchaya Kesjamras, “ผู้บริหารโซนี่ตกลงให้สไปเดอร์แมนอยู่ในจักรวาลมาร์เวล”, in What The Fact, Bangkok: แบไต๋, retrieved 2020-02-22",
          "roman": "pûu-bɔɔ-rí-hǎan soo-nîi dtòk-long hâi sà-bpai-də̂ə-mɛɛn yùu nai jàk-grà-waan maa-weel",
          "text": "ผู้บริหารโซนี่ตกลงให้สไปเดอร์แมนอยู่ในจักรวาลมาร์เวล",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2019 May 1, snowblack, “บุกจักรวาลนครสวรรค์ของจุฬามณี เฟื่องนคร ตามหาป้าย้อยตัวจริง”, in แพรว, Bangkok: อมรินทร์พริ้นติ้งแอนด์พับลิชชิ่ง, retrieved 2020-02-22",
          "text": "บุกจักรวาลนครสวรรค์ของจุฬามณี เฟื่องนคร ตามหาป้าย้อยตัวจริง\nbùk jàk-grà-waan ná-kɔɔn-sà-wǎn kɔ̌ɔng jù-laa-má-nii · fʉ̂ʉang ná-kɔɔn · dtaam-hǎa bpâa yɔ́ɔi dtuua jing\nDive into the Nakhon Sawan Universe of Chulamani [or] Fueang Nakhon, searching for the real Auntie Yoi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2019 April 30, “เปิดเรื่องราวระบำบุญ ภาคต่อของกรงกรรม สู่ความสมบูรณ์แบบจักรวาลนครสวรรค์”, in กะปุก, Bangkok: กะปุก, retrieved 2020-02-22",
          "roman": "Reveal the stories of Rabam Bun, a sequel to Krong Kam, for perfection of the Nakhon Sawan Universe",
          "text": "เปิดเรื่องราวระบำบุญ ภาคต่อของกรงกรรม สู่ความสมบูรณ์แบบจักรวาลนครสวรรค์\nbpə̀ət rʉ̂ʉang-raao rá-bam bun · pâak-dtɔ̀ɔ kɔ̌ɔng grong gam · sùu kwaam-sǒm-buun-bɛ̀ɛp jàk-grà-waan ná-kɔɔn-sà-wǎn",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "universe: self-consistent setting for stories, events, etc (as in fiction, films, etc)."
      ],
      "id": "en-จักรวาล-th-noun-lDmtcFlJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "universe",
          "universe"
        ],
        [
          "self-consistent",
          "self-consistent"
        ],
        [
          "setting",
          "setting"
        ],
        [
          "stories",
          "story"
        ],
        [
          "event",
          "event"
        ],
        [
          "fiction",
          "fiction"
        ],
        [
          "film",
          "film"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "influenced by English",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(neologism, influenced by English) universe: self-consistent setting for stories, events, etc (as in fiction, films, etc)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neologism"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕak̚˨˩.kra˨˩.waːn˧/",
      "tags": [
        "standard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "จักรพาล"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "†จักรพาฬ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "jàk-grà-waan",
      "word": "†จักรวาฬ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "จักรวาล"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Rhymes:Thai/aːn",
    "Thai 3-syllable words",
    "Thai compound terms",
    "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
    "Thai entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Thai lemmas",
    "Thai nouns",
    "Thai proper nouns",
    "Thai terms borrowed from Old Khmer",
    "Thai terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
    "Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
    "Thai terms derived from Sanskrit",
    "Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
    "th:Mountains"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "चक्रवाल",
        "gloss": "mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit चक्रवाल (cakravāla, “mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "चक्र",
        "gloss": "wheel; ring; circle"
      },
      "expansion": "चक्र (cakra, “wheel; ring; circle”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वाल",
        "gloss": "circle"
      },
      "expansion": "वाल (vāla, “circle”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "okz",
        "3": "°ចក្ក្រាវាឡ",
        "gloss": "(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc",
        "tr": "°cakkrāvāła"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer °ចក្ក្រាវាឡ (°cakkrāvāła, “(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Thai",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "จักร",
        "3": "วาล"
      },
      "expansion": "จักร (jàk) + วาล (waal)",
      "name": "com"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "my",
        "2": "စကြဝဠာ"
      },
      "expansion": "Burmese စကြဝဠာ (ca.kra.wa.la)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ចក្រវាល"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ចក្រវាល (cak viəl)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ចក្កវាឡ"
      },
      "expansion": "ចក្កវាឡ (cɑɑkkɑɑviəl)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lo",
        "2": "ຈັກກະວານ"
      },
      "expansion": "Lao ຈັກກະວານ (chak ka wān)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Sanskrit चक्रवाल (cakravāla, “mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc”), from चक्र (cakra, “wheel; ring; circle”) + वाल (vāla, “circle”); perhaps via Old Khmer °ចក្ក្រាវាឡ (°cakkrāvāła, “(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc”); equivalent to Thai จักร (jàk) + วาล (waal). Cognate with Burmese စကြဝဠာ (ca.kra.wa.la); Modern Khmer ចក្រវាល (cak viəl), ចក្កវាឡ (cɑɑkkɑɑviəl), Lao ຈັກກະວານ (chak ka wān).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jàk-grà-waan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "จักรวาล • (jàk-grà-waan)",
      "name": "th-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Thai",
  "lang_code": "th",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "th:Cosmology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Cakravāla Range: the range of mountains encircling the earth and separating light from darkness."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cosmology",
          "cosmology"
        ],
        [
          "range",
          "range"
        ],
        [
          "mountain",
          "mountain"
        ],
        [
          "encircling",
          "encircle"
        ],
        [
          "earth",
          "earth"
        ],
        [
          "separating",
          "separate"
        ],
        [
          "light",
          "light"
        ],
        [
          "darkness",
          "darkness"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Buddhist and Hindu cosmology",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhist and Hindu cosmology) Cakravāla Range: the range of mountains encircling the earth and separating light from darkness."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕak̚˨˩.kra˨˩.waːn˧/",
      "tags": [
        "standard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "จักรพาล"
    },
    {
      "word": "†จักรพาฬ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jàk-grà-waan",
      "word": "†จักรวาฬ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "จักรวาล"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Rhymes:Thai/aːn",
    "Thai 3-syllable words",
    "Thai compound terms",
    "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
    "Thai entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Thai lemmas",
    "Thai nouns",
    "Thai proper nouns",
    "Thai terms borrowed from Old Khmer",
    "Thai terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
    "Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
    "Thai terms derived from Sanskrit",
    "Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
    "th:Mountains"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "sa",
        "3": "चक्रवाल",
        "gloss": "mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit चक्रवाल (cakravāla, “mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "चक्र",
        "gloss": "wheel; ring; circle"
      },
      "expansion": "चक्र (cakra, “wheel; ring; circle”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "वाल",
        "gloss": "circle"
      },
      "expansion": "वाल (vāla, “circle”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "okz",
        "3": "°ចក្ក្រាវាឡ",
        "gloss": "(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc",
        "tr": "°cakkrāvāła"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Khmer °ចក្ក្រាវាឡ (°cakkrāvāła, “(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Thai",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "th",
        "2": "จักร",
        "3": "วาล"
      },
      "expansion": "จักร (jàk) + วาล (waal)",
      "name": "com"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "my",
        "2": "စကြဝဠာ"
      },
      "expansion": "Burmese စကြဝဠာ (ca.kra.wa.la)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ចក្រវាល"
      },
      "expansion": "Khmer ចក្រវាល (cak viəl)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "km",
        "2": "ចក្កវាឡ"
      },
      "expansion": "ចក្កវាឡ (cɑɑkkɑɑviəl)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lo",
        "2": "ຈັກກະວານ"
      },
      "expansion": "Lao ຈັກກະວານ (chak ka wān)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Sanskrit चक्रवाल (cakravāla, “mass, assemblage, multitude; circle; etc”), from चक्र (cakra, “wheel; ring; circle”) + वाल (vāla, “circle”); perhaps via Old Khmer °ចក្ក្រាវាឡ (°cakkrāvāła, “(1) mythical mountain range encircling the earth; (2) world, universe; (3) sphere; etc”); equivalent to Thai จักร (jàk) + วาล (waal). Cognate with Burmese စကြဝဠာ (ca.kra.wa.la); Modern Khmer ចក្រវាល (cak viəl), ចក្កវាឡ (cɑɑkkɑɑviəl), Lao ຈັກກະວານ (chak ka wān).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jàk-grà-waan",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "จักรวาล • (jàk-grà-waan)",
      "name": "th-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Thai",
  "lang_code": "th",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "th:Cosmology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the area encircled by the said mountain range: the world, the whole world, the earth, etc."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cosmology",
          "cosmology"
        ],
        [
          "area",
          "area"
        ],
        [
          "mountain range",
          "mountain range"
        ],
        [
          "world",
          "world"
        ],
        [
          "whole",
          "whole"
        ],
        [
          "earth",
          "earth"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Buddhist and Hindu cosmology",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhist and Hindu cosmology) the area encircled by the said mountain range: the world, the whole world, the earth, etc."
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "universe: cosmos."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "universe",
          "universe"
        ],
        [
          "cosmos",
          "cosmos"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "circle; sphere; precinct; region."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "circle",
          "circle"
        ],
        [
          "sphere",
          "sphere"
        ],
        [
          "precinct",
          "precinct"
        ],
        [
          "region",
          "region"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(elegant) circle; sphere; precinct; region."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "mass; multitude; assemblage."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mass",
          "mass"
        ],
        [
          "multitude",
          "multitude"
        ],
        [
          "assemblage",
          "assemblage"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(elegant) mass; multitude; assemblage."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Thai neologisms"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Sony executives agree to have Spider-Man in Marvel Universe",
          "ref": "2020 February 21, Suchaya Kesjamras, “ผู้บริหารโซนี่ตกลงให้สไปเดอร์แมนอยู่ในจักรวาลมาร์เวล”, in What The Fact, Bangkok: แบไต๋, retrieved 2020-02-22",
          "roman": "pûu-bɔɔ-rí-hǎan soo-nîi dtòk-long hâi sà-bpai-də̂ə-mɛɛn yùu nai jàk-grà-waan maa-weel",
          "text": "ผู้บริหารโซนี่ตกลงให้สไปเดอร์แมนอยู่ในจักรวาลมาร์เวล",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2019 May 1, snowblack, “บุกจักรวาลนครสวรรค์ของจุฬามณี เฟื่องนคร ตามหาป้าย้อยตัวจริง”, in แพรว, Bangkok: อมรินทร์พริ้นติ้งแอนด์พับลิชชิ่ง, retrieved 2020-02-22",
          "text": "บุกจักรวาลนครสวรรค์ของจุฬามณี เฟื่องนคร ตามหาป้าย้อยตัวจริง\nbùk jàk-grà-waan ná-kɔɔn-sà-wǎn kɔ̌ɔng jù-laa-má-nii · fʉ̂ʉang ná-kɔɔn · dtaam-hǎa bpâa yɔ́ɔi dtuua jing\nDive into the Nakhon Sawan Universe of Chulamani [or] Fueang Nakhon, searching for the real Auntie Yoi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2019 April 30, “เปิดเรื่องราวระบำบุญ ภาคต่อของกรงกรรม สู่ความสมบูรณ์แบบจักรวาลนครสวรรค์”, in กะปุก, Bangkok: กะปุก, retrieved 2020-02-22",
          "roman": "Reveal the stories of Rabam Bun, a sequel to Krong Kam, for perfection of the Nakhon Sawan Universe",
          "text": "เปิดเรื่องราวระบำบุญ ภาคต่อของกรงกรรม สู่ความสมบูรณ์แบบจักรวาลนครสวรรค์\nbpə̀ət rʉ̂ʉang-raao rá-bam bun · pâak-dtɔ̀ɔ kɔ̌ɔng grong gam · sùu kwaam-sǒm-buun-bɛ̀ɛp jàk-grà-waan ná-kɔɔn-sà-wǎn",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "universe: self-consistent setting for stories, events, etc (as in fiction, films, etc)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "universe",
          "universe"
        ],
        [
          "self-consistent",
          "self-consistent"
        ],
        [
          "setting",
          "setting"
        ],
        [
          "stories",
          "story"
        ],
        [
          "event",
          "event"
        ],
        [
          "fiction",
          "fiction"
        ],
        [
          "film",
          "film"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "influenced by English",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(neologism, influenced by English) universe: self-consistent setting for stories, events, etc (as in fiction, films, etc)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neologism"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕak̚˨˩.kra˨˩.waːn˧/",
      "tags": [
        "standard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "èek-gà-póp",
      "sense": "cosmos",
      "word": "เอกภพ"
    },
    {
      "word": "จักรพาล"
    },
    {
      "word": "†จักรพาฬ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jàk-grà-waan",
      "word": "†จักรวาฬ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "จักรวาล"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Thai dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.