See challenge in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "challengeable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "challenged"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "challengee"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "challengeful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "challengeless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "challenger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "challengest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "challengeth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "counterchallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dechallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "frame challenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "immunochallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "megachallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mischallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "multichallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "multichallenger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonchallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "overchallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "postchallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prechallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rechallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "subchallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "superchallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unchallengeable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unchallengeably"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unchallenged"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "underchallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "challenge coin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "challenge exam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "drug challenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "high challenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ice bucket challenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "peremptory challenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rise to the challenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "room temperature challenge"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "challenge",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: challenge",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orthographic"
},
"expansion": "(orthographic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ French: challenge (orthographic)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "チャレンジ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: チャレンジ (charenji)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: チャレンジ (charenji)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "че́ллендж",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: че́ллендж (čéllendž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: че́ллендж (čéllendž)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chalenge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chalenge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kalange",
"4": "",
"5": "an accusation, claim"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kalange (“an accusation, claim”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chalenge"
},
"expansion": "Old French chalenge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "calenge"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French calenge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calumnia",
"4": "",
"5": "a false accusation, calumny"
},
"expansion": "Latin calumnia (“a false accusation, calumny”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱeh₁l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁l-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hol",
"3": "hōl",
"4": "calumny"
},
"expansion": "Old English hōl (“calumny”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calumny"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calumny",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chalenge, variant with palatalization of Middle English kalange (“an accusation, claim”), from Old French chalenge, chalonge, palatalized Central French variants of Old Northern French calenge, calonge (see Continental Norman calengier), from Latin calumnia (“a false accusation, calumny”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁l-, *keh₁l- (“to beguile, deceive”). Cognate with Old English hōl (“calumny”). Doublet of calumny.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "challenges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "challenge (plural challenges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 2 6 3 2 15 2 1 6 6 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 15 2 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 November 30, Paul Davis, “Letters: Say it as simply as possible”, in The Economist, volume 409, number 8864:",
"text": "Congratulations on managing to use the phrase “preponderant criterion” in a chart (“On your marks”, November 9th). Was this the work of a kakorrhaphiophobic journalist set a challenge by his colleagues, or simply an example of glossolalia?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A confrontation; a dare.",
"An antagonization or instigation intended to convince a person to perform an action they otherwise would not."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-noun-9JUIJ8~x",
"links": [
[
"confrontation",
"confrontation"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
],
[
"antagonization",
"antagonization"
],
[
"instigation",
"instigation"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taḥaddin",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَحَدٍّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "at-taḥaddī",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "التَّحَدِّي"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "martahraver",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "մարտահրավեր"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kočʻ",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "կոչ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mrcʻahraver",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "մրցահրավեր"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desafíu"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "retu"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "výklik",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́клік"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "agyat"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predizvíkvane",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предизви́кване"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desafiament"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "repte"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "挑戰"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tiǎozhàn",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "挑战"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "výzva"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "udfordring"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "uitdaging"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "defio"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "väljakutse"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "haaste"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "défi"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chalenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "challenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desfiamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "devandiña"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reto"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gamoc̣veva",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "გამოწვევა"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Herausforderung"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "próklisi",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πρόκληση"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "próklēsis",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πρόκλησις"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "etgár",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אֶתְגָּר"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "kihívás"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "áskorun"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "tantangan"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dúshlán"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sfida"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"alt": "ちょうせん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chōsen",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "挑戦"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼupaʼsak",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "ឧបសគ្គ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"alt": "挑戰",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dojeon",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "도전"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prōvocātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "izaicinājums"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "iššūkis"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "cabaran"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "velluviḷi",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "വെല്ലുവിളി"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "d'fi"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "čâleš",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "چالش"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wyzwanie"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desafio"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "incentivo"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "provocare"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výzov",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́зов"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dùbhlan"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "и̏зазо̄в"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ȉzazōv"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desafío"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reto"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "changa moto"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "utmaning"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "hamon"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "cavāl",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "சவால்"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "คำท้า"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "คำท้าทาย"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výklyk",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ви́клик"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "thách thức"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "thách đố"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "her"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 2 5 3 2 6 2 1 16 5 16 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "heriau"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a challenge to the king's authority",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:",
"text": "For Liverpool, their season will now be regarded as a relative disappointment after failure to add the FA Cup to the Carling Cup and not mounting a challenge to reach the Champions League places.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A confrontation; a dare.",
"A bid to overcome something."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-noun-xu~-X7Yx",
"links": [
[
"confrontation",
"confrontation"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
],
[
"bid",
"bid"
],
[
"overcome",
"overcome"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 88 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bid to overcome something",
"word": "kétségbevonás"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 88 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bid to overcome something",
"word": "vitatás"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "en:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 October 1, Saj Chowdhury, “Wolverhampton 1-2 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:",
"text": "Argentine midfielder Jonas Gutierrez added a superb second when he surged past four challenges to fire in low.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A confrontation; a dare.",
"An attempt to take possession; a tackle."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-noun-mnSn4DoP",
"links": [
[
"confrontation",
"confrontation"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
],
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"attempt",
"attempt"
],
[
"possession",
"possession"
],
[
"tackle",
"tackle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A confrontation; a dare.",
"(sports) An attempt to take possession; a tackle."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 69 1 2 9 5 1 2 3 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sports: an attempt to take possession",
"word": "letámadás"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 69 1 2 9 5 1 2 3 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sports: an attempt to take possession",
"word": "szerelés"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 69 1 2 9 5 1 2 3 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sports: an attempt to take possession",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "disputa"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A confrontation; a dare.",
"A summons to fight a duel; also, the letter or message conveying the summons."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-noun-oga2hM0r",
"links": [
[
"confrontation",
"confrontation"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
],
[
"summons",
"summons"
],
[
"duel",
"duel"
],
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"message",
"message"
],
[
"convey",
"convey"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 March 10, Drachinifel, 27:16 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - The Big Night Battle: Night 1 (IJN 3(?) : 2 USN), archived from the original on 2022-11-07:",
"text": "The somewhat-shattered San Francisco also managed to make it out, although not before she'd come within seconds of being blown out of the water by Helena, as the two had lost contact in the dark and the flagship had loomed back out of the murk with no one and nothing available to answer the light cruiser's challenge - the radio, the whistle, the signal lights, the flags, et cetera, had all been destroyed. Luckily, one of the few surviving signalmen found a small handheld signal light and managed to blink out the ship's hull number.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A confrontation; a dare.",
"The act of a sentry in halting a person and demanding the countersign, or (by extension) the action of a computer system demanding a password, etc."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-noun-JNjqq0tm",
"links": [
[
"confrontation",
"confrontation"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
],
[
"sentry",
"sentry"
],
[
"halt",
"halt"
],
[
"demand",
"demand"
],
[
"countersign",
"countersign"
],
[
"computer",
"computer"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"password",
"password"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 0 1 1 67 1 6 3 2 3 7 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of a sentry in halting a person and demanding the countersign, or (by extension) the action of a computer system demanding a password, etc.",
"word": "igazoltatás"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 0 1 1 67 1 6 3 2 3 7 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of a sentry in halting a person and demanding the countersign, or (by extension) the action of a computer system demanding a password, etc.",
"word": "felszólítás"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 2 6 3 2 15 2 1 6 6 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 15 2 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 3 3 2 14 2 1 4 5 14 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 15 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A confrontation; a dare.",
"An attempt to have a work of literature restricted or removed from a public library or school curriculum."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-noun-GlraREvt",
"links": [
[
"confrontation",
"confrontation"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"restrict",
"restrict"
],
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"public",
"public"
],
[
"library",
"library"
],
[
"school",
"school"
],
[
"curriculum",
"curriculum"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A difficult task, especially one that the person making the attempt finds more enjoyable because of that difficulty."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-noun-y7VfPLWm",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"task",
"task"
],
[
"enjoyable",
"enjoyable"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taḥaddin",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَحَدٍّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "at-taḥaddī",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "التَّحَدِّي"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predizvikátelstvo",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предизвика́телство"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "挑戰"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tiǎozhàn",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "挑战"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "難題"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nántí",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "难题"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "výzva"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "uitdaging"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "defio"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "väljakutse"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "katsumus"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "proovikivi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "haaste"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "défi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chalenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épreuve"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Herausforderung"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "(schwierige) Aufgabe"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "próklisi",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πρόκληση"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "etgár",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אֶתְגָּר"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "cunautī",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "चुनौती"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "erőpróba"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "próbatétel"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "(nehéz) feladat"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "tantangan"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sfida"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "impresa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "charenji",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "チャレンジ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"alt": "ちょうせん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chōsen",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "挑戦"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼupaʼsak",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "ឧបសគ្គ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"alt": "挑戰",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dojeon",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "도전"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chaellinji",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "챌린지"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "velluviḷi",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "വെല്ലുവിളി"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "tövögtej asuudal",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "төвөгтэй асуудал"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "d'fi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "utfordring"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "čâleš",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "چالش"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wyzwanie"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desafio"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "provocare"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výzov",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́зов"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispytánije",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "испыта́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "slóžnaja zadáča",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сло́жная зада́ча"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trúdnaja zadáča",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тру́дная зада́ча"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čéllendž",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "че́ллендж"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desafío"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reto"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "changa moto"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "utmaning"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "hamon"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "cavāl",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "சவால்"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam-táa-taai",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "ความท้าทาย"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výklyk",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "ви́клик"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skladná zadačá",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "складна́ задача́"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "probléma",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "пробле́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "thách thức"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "thử thách"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 4 3 6 3 57 5 5 5 5 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "her"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A procedure or action.",
"The act of appealing a ruling or decision of a court of administrative agency."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-noun-MtM4jM-s",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"procedure",
"procedure"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"appeal",
"appeal"
],
[
"ruling",
"ruling"
],
[
"decision",
"decision"
],
[
"court",
"court"
],
[
"administrative",
"administrative"
],
[
"agency",
"agency"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A procedure or action.",
"The act of appealing a ruling or decision of a court of administrative agency."
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 11 2 2 51 2 12 8 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of appealing a ruling or decision",
"word": "kifogás"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 11 2 2 51 2 12 8 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of appealing a ruling or decision",
"word": "kifogásolás"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 11 2 2 51 2 12 8 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of appealing a ruling or decision",
"word": "visszautasítás"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 11 2 2 51 2 12 8 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of appealing a ruling or decision",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "recurso"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 11 2 2 51 2 12 8 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of appealing a ruling or decision",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "impugnación"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 11 2 2 51 2 12 8 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of appealing a ruling or decision",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "reclamación"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Consanguinity in direct line is a challenge for a judge when he or she is sitting cases.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A procedure or action.",
"A judge's interest in the result of a case, constituting grounds for them to not be allowed to sit the case (e.g., a conflict of interest)."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-noun-zPfPFl4k",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"procedure",
"procedure"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"judge",
"judge"
],
[
"interest",
"interest"
],
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"case",
"case"
],
[
"constituting",
"constitute"
],
[
"sit",
"sit"
],
[
"conflict of interest",
"conflict of interest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A procedure or action.",
"(law, rare) A judge's interest in the result of a case, constituting grounds for them to not be allowed to sit the case (e.g., a conflict of interest)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 1 3 2 3 1 1 2 63 5 9 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "judge's interest in the result of the case for which they should not be allowed to sit",
"word": "takistatus"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 3 2 3 1 1 2 63 5 9 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "judge's interest in the result of the case for which they should not be allowed to sit",
"word": "jäävi"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 3 2 3 1 1 2 63 5 9 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "judge's interest in the result of the case for which they should not be allowed to sit",
"word": "esteellisyysperuste"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 3 2 3 1 1 2 63 5 9 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "judge's interest in the result of the case for which they should not be allowed to sit",
"word": "ricusazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 3 2 3 1 1 2 63 5 9 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "judge's interest in the result of the case for which they should not be allowed to sit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incompatibilidad f impedimento"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 3 2 3 1 1 2 63 5 9 2",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "judge's interest in the result of the case for which they should not be allowed to sit",
"word": "changa moto"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 1 3 2 3 1 1 2 63 5 9 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "judge's interest in the result of the case for which they should not be allowed to sit",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "jäv"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We're still waiting to hear how the court rules on our challenge of the arbitrator based on conflict of interest.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A procedure or action.",
"The act of seeking to remove a judge, arbitrator, or other judicial or semi-judicial figure for reasons of alleged bias or incapacity."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-noun-I6r-Ea80",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"procedure",
"procedure"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"seek",
"seek"
],
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"judge",
"judge"
],
[
"arbitrator",
"arbitrator"
],
[
"judicial",
"judicial"
],
[
"semi-judicial",
"semi-judicial"
],
[
"alleged",
"alleged"
],
[
"bias",
"bias"
],
[
"incapacity",
"incapacity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A procedure or action.",
"The act of seeking to remove a judge, arbitrator, or other judicial or semi-judicial figure for reasons of alleged bias or incapacity."
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 1 10 3 2 10 3 46 17 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of seeking to remove a judge",
"word": "elfogultsági kifogás"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 1 10 3 2 10 3 46 17 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of seeking to remove a judge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "recusación"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 5 3 6 5 3 2 6 5 13 3 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 10 3 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 4 3 4 7 5 3 4 4 12 3 2 3 1 1 3 2 3 12 2 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 4 3 7 3 2 6 5 13 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 14 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 2 4 3 6 6 6 1 4 4 16 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 11 2 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 3 3 8 2 1 5 5 15 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 15 2 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 3 3 8 2 1 5 5 15 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 15 2 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 6 3 2 7 2 2 5 5 14 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 5 3 2 7 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 5 4 2 8 3 2 5 5 13 3 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cherokee translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 4 3 6 6 6 1 4 4 16 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 10 2 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 3 3 2 14 2 1 4 5 14 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 15 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 4 3 6 7 6 1 3 4 16 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 11 2 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 3 3 9 3 2 4 5 15 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 14 2 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 4 3 8 3 2 4 5 15 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 14 2 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 4 3 6 6 6 1 4 4 17 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 11 2 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 3 2 8 7 7 3 3 4 14 3 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 12 2 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 3 3 7 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 14 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 4 3 6 6 6 1 3 4 16 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 11 2 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 4 2 7 2 1 4 5 18 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 12 2 8 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 4 2 8 3 2 5 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 3 3 7 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 14 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 4 3 6 7 6 1 3 4 16 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 11 2 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 4 3 6 6 6 1 3 4 16 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 11 2 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 4 3 6 6 6 1 3 4 17 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 11 2 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 5 3 2 7 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 1 4 3 6 6 6 1 4 5 14 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 12 2 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 1 4 3 7 7 6 1 4 4 16 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 12 2 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 4 3 7 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 13 2 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 5 3 5 5 3 1 5 5 15 3 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 10 2 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 4 3 6 6 6 1 3 4 16 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 11 2 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 3 3 8 3 2 4 5 13 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 12 2 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 4 3 5 8 6 1 3 5 16 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 10 2 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 4 3 8 3 2 4 5 15 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 14 2 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 4 2 7 3 2 4 5 17 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 4 3 6 6 6 1 3 4 16 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 11 2 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 4 3 2 9 2 1 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 3 2 7 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 4 3 6 6 6 1 4 4 16 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 11 2 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 4 2 8 2 1 5 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 4 3 6 6 6 1 4 4 16 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 11 2 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 4 3 2 7 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 14 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 3 2 9 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 4 3 6 6 6 1 3 4 17 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 11 2 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A procedure or action.",
"An act of seeking to have a certain person be declared not legally qualified to vote, made when the person offers their ballot."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-noun-RaUGoHNe",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"procedure",
"procedure"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"seek",
"seek"
],
[
"declare",
"declare"
],
[
"legally",
"legally"
],
[
"qualified",
"qualified"
],
[
"vote",
"vote"
],
[
"offer",
"offer"
],
[
"ballot",
"ballot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A procedure or action.",
"(US) An act of seeking to have a certain person be declared not legally qualified to vote, made when the person offers their ballot."
],
"tags": [
"US"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hunting",
"orig": "en:Hunting",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The opening and crying of hounds upon first finding the scent of their game."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-noun-eT75ento",
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"open",
"open"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"hound",
"hound"
],
[
"scent",
"scent"
],
[
"game",
"game"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hunting) The opening and crying of hounds upon first finding the scent of their game."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪnd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃæl.ənd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-challenge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/En-us-challenge.ogg/En-us-challenge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/En-us-challenge.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"challenge"
],
"word": "challenge"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chalenge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chalenge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kalange",
"4": "",
"5": "an accusation, claim"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kalange (“an accusation, claim”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chalenge"
},
"expansion": "Old French chalenge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "calenge"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French calenge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calumnia",
"4": "",
"5": "a false accusation, calumny"
},
"expansion": "Latin calumnia (“a false accusation, calumny”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱeh₁l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁l-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hol",
"3": "hōl",
"4": "calumny"
},
"expansion": "Old English hōl (“calumny”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calumny"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calumny",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chalenge, variant with palatalization of Middle English kalange (“an accusation, claim”), from Old French chalenge, chalonge, palatalized Central French variants of Old Northern French calenge, calonge (see Continental Norman calengier), from Latin calumnia (“a false accusation, calumny”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁l-, *keh₁l- (“to beguile, deceive”). Cognate with Old English hōl (“calumny”). Doublet of calumny.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "challenges",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "challenging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "challenged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "challenged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "challenge (third-person singular simple present challenges, present participle challenging, simple past and past participle challenged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "challenger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "challenging"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dechallenge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rechallenge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We challenged the boys next door to a game of football.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:",
"text": "By this I challenge him to single fight.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To invite (someone) to take part in a competition."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-verb-1QlSTCI8",
"links": [
[
"invite",
"invite"
],
[
"competition",
"competition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To invite (someone) to take part in a competition."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "retar"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "agyat"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povíkvam",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "пови́квам"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pokánvam",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "пока́нвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "ganenulia",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "ᎦᏁᏄᎵᎠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "udfordre"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "uitdagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "tarten"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "defii"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "välja kutsuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "üles kutsuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "haastaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "défier"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "fr",
"english": "anglicism",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "challenger"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "retar"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "herausfordern"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "kihív"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "menantang"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "prōvocō"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "velluviḷikkuka",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "വെല്ലുവിളിക്കുക"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "beclipian"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wyzwać"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "provoca"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyzyvátʹ",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вызыва́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výzvatʹ",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́звать"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "izazvati"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "retar"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "puyar"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "changa moto"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "utmana"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "humamon"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "hamunin"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "ท้าแข่ง"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "ท้าดวล"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "táa",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "ท้า"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "thách đấu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1689 December (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], “Who Heir?”, in Two Treatises of Government: […], London: […] Awnsham Churchill, […], →OCLC, book I, paragraph 149, page 194:",
"text": "[...] For I challenge any Man to make any pretence to Power by Right of Fatherhood, either intelligible or poſſible in any one, otherwiſe, then either as Adams heir, or as Progenitor over his own deſcendants, naturally ſprung from him.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dare (someone)."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-verb-K2tiBg5Y",
"links": [
[
"dare",
"dare#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To dare (someone)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predizvikvam",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "предизвиквам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "ganenulia",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "ᎦᏁᏄᎵᎠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "vyzvat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "udfordre"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "uitdagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "defii"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "välja kutsuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "haastaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "défier"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "herausfordern"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "itgér",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "אתגר"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "kihív"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "menantang"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "tabhair dúshlán"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dojeonhada",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "도전하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "prōvocō"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "cabar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "ośmielić"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyzyvátʹ",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вызыва́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "retar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "changa moto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "utmana"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "humamon"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "maghamon"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "hamunin"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "táa",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "ท้า"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "thách"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "thách thức"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 91 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "thách đố"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to challenge the accuracy of a statement or of a quotation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2022 August 10, Dr Mike Esbester, “New understandings from old incidents”, in RAIL, number 963, page 58:",
"text": "In the April 2020 Roade fatality, the worker who died \"was reputedly in the habit of walking on the line when he didn't need to\". Tragically, no one challenged him about it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dispute (something)."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-verb-BkJRGRfR",
"links": [
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To dispute (something)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otričam",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "отричам"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "osporvam",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "оспорвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "betwisten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "bekritiseren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "vaidlustama"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "vastu vaidlema"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "kyseenalaistaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "kétségbe von"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "vitat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "megkérdőjelez"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "megtámad"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "megóv"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "óvást emel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "ellenszegül"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "dacol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "tiltakozik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "whakahorohoro"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "whakapātari"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "mātātaki"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "whakatuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "whakatumatuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "whakatōrea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "zakwestionować"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "disputar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "contesta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ospárivatʹ",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "оспа́ривать"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ospóritʹ",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "оспо́рить"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "disputar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "changa moto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 96 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "ifrågasätta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "New information challenged old hypotheses.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To call something into question or dispute."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-verb-flw1P71u"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a formal objection to a juror."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-verb-05w7KsDp",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"formal",
"formal"
],
[
"objection",
"objection"
],
[
"juror",
"juror"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, transitive) To make a formal objection to a juror."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 89 0 1 3 1 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎzrazjávam",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "възразя́вам"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 89 0 1 3 1 3 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "wraken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 89 0 1 3 1 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "kifogásol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 89 0 1 3 1 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "elfogultsági kifogással él"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 89 0 1 3 1 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "visszautasít"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 89 0 1 3 1 3 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "zakwestionować"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 89 0 1 3 1 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "impugnar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 89 0 1 3 1 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "recusar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 89 0 1 3 1 3 2",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "changa moto"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2018, James Lambert, “Setting the Record Straight: An In-depth Examination of Hobson-Jobson”, in International Journal of Lexicography, volume 31, number 4, →DOI, page 487:",
"text": "Before moving onto the content of Hobson-Jobson, an explication of the publication history is necessary since this has clearly challenged many commentators.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be difficult or challenging for."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-verb-oJqJRqpp",
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"challenging",
"challenging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To be difficult or challenging for."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 3:",
"text": "Challenge better terms.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To claim as due; to demand as a right."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-verb-~n2QaNAH",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To claim as due; to demand as a right."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 1 5 3 3 9 3 1 7 8 6 4 1 1 0 1 3 1 1 19 2 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 2 6 3 2 15 2 1 6 6 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 15 2 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 5 3 6 5 3 2 6 5 13 3 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 10 3 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 8 4 2 8 2 1 6 8 5 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 19 2 3 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 5 4 1 10 1 1 8 9 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 23 1 2 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 4 3 4 7 5 3 4 4 12 3 2 3 1 1 3 2 3 12 2 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 4 3 7 3 2 6 5 13 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 14 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 3 3 8 2 1 5 5 15 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 15 2 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 5 3 3 8 2 1 5 5 15 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 15 2 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 6 3 2 9 2 1 6 7 7 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 20 1 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 6 3 2 7 2 2 5 5 14 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 5 3 2 7 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 5 4 2 8 3 2 5 5 13 3 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cherokee translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 3 3 2 14 2 1 4 5 14 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 15 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 7 3 2 10 3 2 5 6 5 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 15 2 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 5 3 2 8 3 2 4 6 10 3 2 3 1 1 2 1 2 15 2 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 3 3 9 3 2 4 5 15 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 14 2 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 7 3 2 10 2 2 5 6 4 4 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 15 3 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 4 3 8 3 2 4 5 15 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 14 2 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 6 3 2 11 3 2 5 6 6 4 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 18 2 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 6 3 5 8 5 3 4 5 4 4 2 2 2 2 5 2 2 16 3 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 6 4 3 8 3 2 6 6 11 3 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 14 2 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 5 10 3 2 2 1 1 3 1 2 14 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 3 2 8 7 7 3 3 4 14 3 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 12 2 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 3 3 7 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 14 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 2 6 3 2 9 2 1 5 7 5 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 18 2 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 6 3 2 9 2 1 5 7 5 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 19 2 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 4 2 8 3 2 5 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 3 3 7 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 14 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 6 3 2 9 2 1 5 7 5 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 19 2 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 2 6 3 2 9 2 1 5 7 5 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 18 2 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malayalam translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 3 3 7 4 3 5 6 9 4 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 15 3 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 5 3 2 7 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 1 4 3 6 6 6 1 4 5 14 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 12 2 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 3 3 8 3 2 4 5 13 3 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 12 2 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 4 3 8 3 2 4 5 15 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 14 2 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 2 6 3 2 11 2 1 5 6 5 3 2 2 1 1 3 2 2 18 2 2 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 6 3 2 9 2 1 6 7 4 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 19 2 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 5 3 2 8 3 2 4 6 10 3 2 3 1 1 2 1 2 15 2 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 4 3 2 9 2 1 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 5 3 2 7 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 4 3 2 7 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 14 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 3 2 9 3 2 4 5 16 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 13 2 5 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 7 3 2 10 2 1 5 6 5 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 16 2 3 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 7 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 7 2 1 6 0 0 1 0 3 11 3 3 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Directives",
"orig": "en:Directives",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “(please specify |book=I to XXXVII)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], (please specify |tome=1 or 2), London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:",
"text": "I may be more challenged for my inconsiderate Boldness",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To censure; to blame."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-verb-Exqv5G~k",
"links": [
[
"censure",
"censure"
],
[
"blame",
"blame"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To censure; to blame."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The sentinel challenged us with \"Who goes there?\"",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To question or demand the countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines)."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-verb-XcvbI2mi",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"countersign",
"countersign"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military, transitive) To question or demand the countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To object to the reception of the vote of, e.g. on the ground that the person is not qualified as a voter."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-verb-qLT4LW9U",
"links": [
[
"vote",
"vote"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, transitive) To object to the reception of the vote of, e.g. on the ground that the person is not qualified as a voter."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 5 3 6 5 3 2 6 5 13 3 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 10 3 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 4 3 4 7 5 3 4 4 12 3 2 3 1 1 3 2 3 12 2 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 1 3 3 2 14 2 1 4 5 14 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 15 2 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 5 3 5 5 3 1 5 5 15 3 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 10 2 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, Senate Legislative Record ... Legislature State of Maine:",
"text": "I mean if you go in and want to challenge an exam it cost you half of your course money. If you don't pass the exam, that money is credited toward taking the course. What have you got to lose to challenge an exam, or do a competency exam?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Carol Gino, The Nurse's Story:",
"text": "The only time I went to class was to challenge an exam. My marks were good. But there was one class I never missed, “Nursing Process and the New Philosophy in Nursing.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Diana Huggins, Exam/cram 70-291: Implementing, Managing, and Maintaining a Windows Server 2003 Network Infrastructure, page 2:",
"text": "Although we strongly recommend that you keep practicing until your scores top the 75% mark, 80% would be a good goal, to give yourself some margin for error in a real exam situation[…]. After you hit that point, you should be ready to challenge the exam.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take (a final exam) in order to get credit for a course without taking it."
],
"id": "en-challenge-en-verb-ZbcwTYGg",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada, US, transitive) To take (a final exam) in order to get credit for a course without taking it."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 0 0 1 1 1 25 1 2 66",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to write a final exam to get credit for a course",
"word": "défier"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪnd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃæl.ənd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-challenge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/En-us-challenge.ogg/En-us-challenge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/En-us-challenge.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "becall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "call out"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"challenge"
],
"word": "challenge"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Old Northern French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old English links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Requests for review of Persian translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Directives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "challengeable"
},
{
"word": "challenged"
},
{
"word": "challengee"
},
{
"word": "challengeful"
},
{
"word": "challengeless"
},
{
"word": "challenger"
},
{
"word": "challengest"
},
{
"word": "challengeth"
},
{
"word": "counterchallenge"
},
{
"word": "dechallenge"
},
{
"word": "frame challenge"
},
{
"word": "immunochallenge"
},
{
"word": "megachallenge"
},
{
"word": "mischallenge"
},
{
"word": "multichallenge"
},
{
"word": "multichallenger"
},
{
"word": "nonchallenge"
},
{
"word": "overchallenge"
},
{
"word": "postchallenge"
},
{
"word": "prechallenge"
},
{
"word": "rechallenge"
},
{
"word": "subchallenge"
},
{
"word": "superchallenge"
},
{
"word": "unchallengeable"
},
{
"word": "unchallengeably"
},
{
"word": "unchallenged"
},
{
"word": "underchallenge"
},
{
"word": "challenge coin"
},
{
"word": "challenge exam"
},
{
"word": "drug challenge"
},
{
"word": "high challenge"
},
{
"word": "ice bucket challenge"
},
{
"word": "peremptory challenge"
},
{
"word": "rise to the challenge"
},
{
"word": "room temperature challenge"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "challenge",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: challenge",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "orthographic"
},
"expansion": "(orthographic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ French: challenge (orthographic)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "チャレンジ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: チャレンジ (charenji)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: チャレンジ (charenji)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "че́ллендж",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: че́ллендж (čéllendž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: че́ллендж (čéllendž)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chalenge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chalenge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kalange",
"4": "",
"5": "an accusation, claim"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kalange (“an accusation, claim”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chalenge"
},
"expansion": "Old French chalenge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "calenge"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French calenge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calumnia",
"4": "",
"5": "a false accusation, calumny"
},
"expansion": "Latin calumnia (“a false accusation, calumny”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱeh₁l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁l-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hol",
"3": "hōl",
"4": "calumny"
},
"expansion": "Old English hōl (“calumny”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calumny"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calumny",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chalenge, variant with palatalization of Middle English kalange (“an accusation, claim”), from Old French chalenge, chalonge, palatalized Central French variants of Old Northern French calenge, calonge (see Continental Norman calengier), from Latin calumnia (“a false accusation, calumny”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁l-, *keh₁l- (“to beguile, deceive”). Cognate with Old English hōl (“calumny”). Doublet of calumny.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "challenges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "challenge (plural challenges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013 November 30, Paul Davis, “Letters: Say it as simply as possible”, in The Economist, volume 409, number 8864:",
"text": "Congratulations on managing to use the phrase “preponderant criterion” in a chart (“On your marks”, November 9th). Was this the work of a kakorrhaphiophobic journalist set a challenge by his colleagues, or simply an example of glossolalia?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A confrontation; a dare.",
"An antagonization or instigation intended to convince a person to perform an action they otherwise would not."
],
"links": [
[
"confrontation",
"confrontation"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
],
[
"antagonization",
"antagonization"
],
[
"instigation",
"instigation"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a challenge to the king's authority",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:",
"text": "For Liverpool, their season will now be regarded as a relative disappointment after failure to add the FA Cup to the Carling Cup and not mounting a challenge to reach the Champions League places.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A confrontation; a dare.",
"A bid to overcome something."
],
"links": [
[
"confrontation",
"confrontation"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
],
[
"bid",
"bid"
],
[
"overcome",
"overcome"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Sports"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011 October 1, Saj Chowdhury, “Wolverhampton 1-2 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:",
"text": "Argentine midfielder Jonas Gutierrez added a superb second when he surged past four challenges to fire in low.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A confrontation; a dare.",
"An attempt to take possession; a tackle."
],
"links": [
[
"confrontation",
"confrontation"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
],
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"attempt",
"attempt"
],
[
"possession",
"possession"
],
[
"tackle",
"tackle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A confrontation; a dare.",
"(sports) An attempt to take possession; a tackle."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A confrontation; a dare.",
"A summons to fight a duel; also, the letter or message conveying the summons."
],
"links": [
[
"confrontation",
"confrontation"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
],
[
"summons",
"summons"
],
[
"duel",
"duel"
],
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"message",
"message"
],
[
"convey",
"convey"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 March 10, Drachinifel, 27:16 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - The Big Night Battle: Night 1 (IJN 3(?) : 2 USN), archived from the original on 2022-11-07:",
"text": "The somewhat-shattered San Francisco also managed to make it out, although not before she'd come within seconds of being blown out of the water by Helena, as the two had lost contact in the dark and the flagship had loomed back out of the murk with no one and nothing available to answer the light cruiser's challenge - the radio, the whistle, the signal lights, the flags, et cetera, had all been destroyed. Luckily, one of the few surviving signalmen found a small handheld signal light and managed to blink out the ship's hull number.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A confrontation; a dare.",
"The act of a sentry in halting a person and demanding the countersign, or (by extension) the action of a computer system demanding a password, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"confrontation",
"confrontation"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
],
[
"sentry",
"sentry"
],
[
"halt",
"halt"
],
[
"demand",
"demand"
],
[
"countersign",
"countersign"
],
[
"computer",
"computer"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"password",
"password"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A confrontation; a dare.",
"An attempt to have a work of literature restricted or removed from a public library or school curriculum."
],
"links": [
[
"confrontation",
"confrontation"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
],
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"literature",
"literature"
],
[
"restrict",
"restrict"
],
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"public",
"public"
],
[
"library",
"library"
],
[
"school",
"school"
],
[
"curriculum",
"curriculum"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A difficult task, especially one that the person making the attempt finds more enjoyable because of that difficulty."
],
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"task",
"task"
],
[
"enjoyable",
"enjoyable"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"A procedure or action.",
"The act of appealing a ruling or decision of a court of administrative agency."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"procedure",
"procedure"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"appeal",
"appeal"
],
[
"ruling",
"ruling"
],
[
"decision",
"decision"
],
[
"court",
"court"
],
[
"administrative",
"administrative"
],
[
"agency",
"agency"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A procedure or action.",
"The act of appealing a ruling or decision of a court of administrative agency."
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Consanguinity in direct line is a challenge for a judge when he or she is sitting cases.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A procedure or action.",
"A judge's interest in the result of a case, constituting grounds for them to not be allowed to sit the case (e.g., a conflict of interest)."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"procedure",
"procedure"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"judge",
"judge"
],
[
"interest",
"interest"
],
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"case",
"case"
],
[
"constituting",
"constitute"
],
[
"sit",
"sit"
],
[
"conflict of interest",
"conflict of interest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A procedure or action.",
"(law, rare) A judge's interest in the result of a case, constituting grounds for them to not be allowed to sit the case (e.g., a conflict of interest)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We're still waiting to hear how the court rules on our challenge of the arbitrator based on conflict of interest.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A procedure or action.",
"The act of seeking to remove a judge, arbitrator, or other judicial or semi-judicial figure for reasons of alleged bias or incapacity."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"procedure",
"procedure"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"seek",
"seek"
],
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"judge",
"judge"
],
[
"arbitrator",
"arbitrator"
],
[
"judicial",
"judicial"
],
[
"semi-judicial",
"semi-judicial"
],
[
"alleged",
"alleged"
],
[
"bias",
"bias"
],
[
"incapacity",
"incapacity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A procedure or action.",
"The act of seeking to remove a judge, arbitrator, or other judicial or semi-judicial figure for reasons of alleged bias or incapacity."
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"A procedure or action.",
"An act of seeking to have a certain person be declared not legally qualified to vote, made when the person offers their ballot."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"procedure",
"procedure"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"seek",
"seek"
],
[
"declare",
"declare"
],
[
"legally",
"legally"
],
[
"qualified",
"qualified"
],
[
"vote",
"vote"
],
[
"offer",
"offer"
],
[
"ballot",
"ballot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) A procedure or action.",
"(US) An act of seeking to have a certain person be declared not legally qualified to vote, made when the person offers their ballot."
],
"tags": [
"US"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Hunting"
],
"glosses": [
"The opening and crying of hounds upon first finding the scent of their game."
],
"links": [
[
"hunting",
"hunting#Noun"
],
[
"open",
"open"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"hound",
"hound"
],
[
"scent",
"scent"
],
[
"game",
"game"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(hunting) The opening and crying of hounds upon first finding the scent of their game."
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"hunting",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪnd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃæl.ənd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-challenge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/En-us-challenge.ogg/En-us-challenge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/En-us-challenge.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taḥaddin",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَحَدٍّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "at-taḥaddī",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "التَّحَدِّي"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "martahraver",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "մարտահրավեր"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kočʻ",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "կոչ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mrcʻahraver",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "մրցահրավեր"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desafíu"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "retu"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "výklik",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́клік"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "agyat"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predizvíkvane",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предизви́кване"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desafiament"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "repte"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "挑戰"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tiǎozhàn",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "挑战"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "výzva"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "udfordring"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "uitdaging"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "defio"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "väljakutse"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "haaste"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "défi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chalenge"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "challenge"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desfiamento"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "devandiña"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reto"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gamoc̣veva",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "გამოწვევა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Herausforderung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "próklisi",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πρόκληση"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "próklēsis",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πρόκλησις"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "etgár",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אֶתְגָּר"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "kihívás"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "áskorun"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "tantangan"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dúshlán"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sfida"
},
{
"alt": "ちょうせん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chōsen",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "挑戦"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼupaʼsak",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "ឧបសគ្គ"
},
{
"alt": "挑戰",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dojeon",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "도전"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prōvocātiō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "izaicinājums"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "iššūkis"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "cabaran"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "velluviḷi",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "വെല്ലുവിളി"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "d'fi"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "čâleš",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "چالش"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wyzwanie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desafio"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "incentivo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "provocare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výzov",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́зов"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dùbhlan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "и̏зазо̄в"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ȉzazōv"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desafío"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reto"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "changa moto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "utmaning"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "hamon"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "cavāl",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "சவால்"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "คำท้า"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "คำท้าทาย"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výklyk",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ви́клик"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "thách thức"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"word": "thách đố"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "her"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "that which encourages someone to do something they otherwise would not",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "heriau"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bid to overcome something",
"word": "kétségbevonás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "bid to overcome something",
"word": "vitatás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sports: an attempt to take possession",
"word": "letámadás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "sports: an attempt to take possession",
"word": "szerelés"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sports: an attempt to take possession",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "disputa"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of a sentry in halting a person and demanding the countersign, or (by extension) the action of a computer system demanding a password, etc.",
"word": "igazoltatás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of a sentry in halting a person and demanding the countersign, or (by extension) the action of a computer system demanding a password, etc.",
"word": "felszólítás"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "taḥaddin",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَحَدٍّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "at-taḥaddī",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"definite",
"masculine"
],
"word": "التَّحَدِّي"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predizvikátelstvo",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предизвика́телство"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "挑戰"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tiǎozhàn",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "挑战"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "難題"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nántí",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "难题"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "výzva"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "uitdaging"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "defio"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "väljakutse"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "katsumus"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "proovikivi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "haaste"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "défi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chalenge"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "épreuve"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Herausforderung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "(schwierige) Aufgabe"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "próklisi",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πρόκληση"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "etgár",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אֶתְגָּר"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "cunautī",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "चुनौती"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "erőpróba"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "próbatétel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "(nehéz) feladat"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "tantangan"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sfida"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "impresa"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "charenji",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "チャレンジ"
},
{
"alt": "ちょうせん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chōsen",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "挑戦"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼupaʼsak",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "ឧបសគ្គ"
},
{
"alt": "挑戰",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dojeon",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "도전"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chaellinji",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "챌린지"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "velluviḷi",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "വെല്ലുവിളി"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "tövögtej asuudal",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "төвөгтэй асуудал"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "d'fi"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "utfordring"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "čâleš",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "چالش"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wyzwanie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desafio"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "provocare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výzov",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́зов"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ispytánije",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "испыта́ние"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "slóžnaja zadáča",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сло́жная зада́ча"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trúdnaja zadáča",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тру́дная зада́ча"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čéllendž",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "че́ллендж"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desafío"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reto"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "changa moto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "utmaning"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "hamon"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "cavāl",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "சவால்"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam-táa-taai",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "ความท้าทาย"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výklyk",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "ви́клик"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "skladná zadačá",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "складна́ задача́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "probléma",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "пробле́ма"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "thách thức"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "difficult task",
"word": "thử thách"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "difficult task",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "her"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "judge's interest in the result of the case for which they should not be allowed to sit",
"word": "takistatus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "judge's interest in the result of the case for which they should not be allowed to sit",
"word": "jäävi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "judge's interest in the result of the case for which they should not be allowed to sit",
"word": "esteellisyysperuste"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "judge's interest in the result of the case for which they should not be allowed to sit",
"word": "ricusazione"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "judge's interest in the result of the case for which they should not be allowed to sit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "incompatibilidad f impedimento"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "judge's interest in the result of the case for which they should not be allowed to sit",
"word": "changa moto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "judge's interest in the result of the case for which they should not be allowed to sit",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "jäv"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of appealing a ruling or decision",
"word": "kifogás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of appealing a ruling or decision",
"word": "kifogásolás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of appealing a ruling or decision",
"word": "visszautasítás"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of appealing a ruling or decision",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "recurso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of appealing a ruling or decision",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "impugnación"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of appealing a ruling or decision",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "reclamación"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "the act of seeking to remove a judge",
"word": "elfogultsági kifogás"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act of seeking to remove a judge",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "recusación"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"challenge"
],
"word": "challenge"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Old Northern French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old English links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Requests for review of Persian translations",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Directives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chalenge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chalenge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kalange",
"4": "",
"5": "an accusation, claim"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kalange (“an accusation, claim”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "chalenge"
},
"expansion": "Old French chalenge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "calenge"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French calenge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calumnia",
"4": "",
"5": "a false accusation, calumny"
},
"expansion": "Latin calumnia (“a false accusation, calumny”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱeh₁l-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁l-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hol",
"3": "hōl",
"4": "calumny"
},
"expansion": "Old English hōl (“calumny”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calumny"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calumny",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English chalenge, variant with palatalization of Middle English kalange (“an accusation, claim”), from Old French chalenge, chalonge, palatalized Central French variants of Old Northern French calenge, calonge (see Continental Norman calengier), from Latin calumnia (“a false accusation, calumny”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁l-, *keh₁l- (“to beguile, deceive”). Cognate with Old English hōl (“calumny”). Doublet of calumny.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "challenges",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "challenging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "challenged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "challenged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "challenge (third-person singular simple present challenges, present participle challenging, simple past and past participle challenged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "challenger"
},
{
"word": "challenging"
},
{
"word": "dechallenge"
},
{
"word": "rechallenge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We challenged the boys next door to a game of football.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:",
"text": "By this I challenge him to single fight.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To invite (someone) to take part in a competition."
],
"links": [
[
"invite",
"invite"
],
[
"competition",
"competition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To invite (someone) to take part in a competition."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1689 December (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], “Who Heir?”, in Two Treatises of Government: […], London: […] Awnsham Churchill, […], →OCLC, book I, paragraph 149, page 194:",
"text": "[...] For I challenge any Man to make any pretence to Power by Right of Fatherhood, either intelligible or poſſible in any one, otherwiſe, then either as Adams heir, or as Progenitor over his own deſcendants, naturally ſprung from him.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dare (someone)."
],
"links": [
[
"dare",
"dare#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To dare (someone)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to challenge the accuracy of a statement or of a quotation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2022 August 10, Dr Mike Esbester, “New understandings from old incidents”, in RAIL, number 963, page 58:",
"text": "In the April 2020 Roade fatality, the worker who died \"was reputedly in the habit of walking on the line when he didn't need to\". Tragically, no one challenged him about it.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dispute (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To dispute (something)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "New information challenged old hypotheses.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To call something into question or dispute."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"To make a formal objection to a juror."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"formal",
"formal"
],
[
"objection",
"objection"
],
[
"juror",
"juror"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, transitive) To make a formal objection to a juror."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2018, James Lambert, “Setting the Record Straight: An In-depth Examination of Hobson-Jobson”, in International Journal of Lexicography, volume 31, number 4, →DOI, page 487:",
"text": "Before moving onto the content of Hobson-Jobson, an explication of the publication history is necessary since this has clearly challenged many commentators.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be difficult or challenging for."
],
"links": [
[
"difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"challenging",
"challenging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To be difficult or challenging for."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1712 (date written), [Joseph] Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 3:",
"text": "Challenge better terms.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To claim as due; to demand as a right."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To claim as due; to demand as a right."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “(please specify |book=I to XXXVII)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], (please specify |tome=1 or 2), London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:",
"text": "I may be more challenged for my inconsiderate Boldness",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To censure; to blame."
],
"links": [
[
"censure",
"censure"
],
[
"blame",
"blame"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To censure; to blame."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The sentinel challenged us with \"Who goes there?\"",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To question or demand the countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines)."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"countersign",
"countersign"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military, transitive) To question or demand the countersign from (one who attempts to pass the lines)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To object to the reception of the vote of, e.g. on the ground that the person is not qualified as a voter."
],
"links": [
[
"vote",
"vote"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, transitive) To object to the reception of the vote of, e.g. on the ground that the person is not qualified as a voter."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"Canadian English",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, Senate Legislative Record ... Legislature State of Maine:",
"text": "I mean if you go in and want to challenge an exam it cost you half of your course money. If you don't pass the exam, that money is credited toward taking the course. What have you got to lose to challenge an exam, or do a competency exam?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Carol Gino, The Nurse's Story:",
"text": "The only time I went to class was to challenge an exam. My marks were good. But there was one class I never missed, “Nursing Process and the New Philosophy in Nursing.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Diana Huggins, Exam/cram 70-291: Implementing, Managing, and Maintaining a Windows Server 2003 Network Infrastructure, page 2:",
"text": "Although we strongly recommend that you keep practicing until your scores top the 75% mark, 80% would be a good goal, to give yourself some margin for error in a real exam situation[…]. After you hit that point, you should be ready to challenge the exam.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take (a final exam) in order to get credit for a course without taking it."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Canada, US, transitive) To take (a final exam) in order to get credit for a course without taking it."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪnd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃæl.ənd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-challenge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/En-us-challenge.ogg/En-us-challenge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/En-us-challenge.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "becall"
},
{
"word": "call out"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "retar"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "agyat"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "povíkvam",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "пови́квам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pokánvam",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "пока́нвам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "ganenulia",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "ᎦᏁᏄᎵᎠ"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "udfordre"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "uitdagen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "tarten"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "defii"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "välja kutsuma"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "üles kutsuma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "haastaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "défier"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"english": "anglicism",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "challenger"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "retar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "herausfordern"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "kihív"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "menantang"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "prōvocō"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "velluviḷikkuka",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "വെല്ലുവിളിക്കുക"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "beclipian"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wyzwać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "provoca"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyzyvátʹ",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вызыва́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výzvatʹ",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́звать"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"perfective"
],
"word": "izazvati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "retar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "puyar"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "changa moto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "utmana"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "humamon"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "hamunin"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "ท้าแข่ง"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "ท้าดวล"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "táa",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "ท้า"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to invite someone to take part in a competition",
"word": "thách đấu"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "predizvikvam",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "предизвиквам"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "ganenulia",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "ᎦᏁᏄᎵᎠ"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "vyzvat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "udfordre"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "uitdagen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "defii"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "välja kutsuma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "haastaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "défier"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "herausfordern"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "itgér",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "אתגר"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "kihív"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "menantang"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "tabhair dúshlán"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "dojeonhada",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "도전하다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "prōvocō"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "cabar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "ośmielić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vyzyvátʹ",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "вызыва́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "retar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "changa moto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "utmana"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "humamon"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "maghamon"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "hamunin"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "táa",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "ท้า"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "thách"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "thách thức"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to dare someone",
"word": "thách đố"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otričam",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "отричам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "osporvam",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "оспорвам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "betwisten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "bekritiseren"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "vaidlustama"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "vastu vaidlema"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "kyseenalaistaa"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "kétségbe von"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "vitat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "megkérdőjelez"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "megtámad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "megóv"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "óvást emel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "ellenszegül"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "dacol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "tiltakozik"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "whakahorohoro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "whakapātari"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "mātātaki"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "whakatuma"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "whakatumatuma"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "whakatōrea"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "zakwestionować"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "desafiar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "disputar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "contesta"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ospárivatʹ",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "оспа́ривать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ospóritʹ",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "оспо́рить"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "disputar"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "changa moto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to dispute something",
"word": "ifrågasätta"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎzrazjávam",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "възразя́вам"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "wraken"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "kifogásol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "elfogultsági kifogással él"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "visszautasít"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "zakwestionować"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "impugnar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "recusar"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "to make a formal objection to a juror",
"word": "changa moto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to write a final exam to get credit for a course",
"word": "défier"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"challenge"
],
"word": "challenge"
}
Download raw JSONL data for challenge meaning in English (58.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": sc․ vs. kočʻ",
"path": [
"challenge"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "challenge",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.