See 中國 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_examples": [
{
"english": "When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)",
"roman": "Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)",
"roman": "Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "中国",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "middle country; central country",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "China",
"orig": "zh:China",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Countries",
"orig": "zh:Countries",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Countries in Asia",
"orig": "zh:Countries in Asia",
"parents": [
"Countries",
"Places",
"Asia",
"Polities",
"Names",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì",
"word": "中國中心主義"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì",
"word": "中国中心主义"
},
{
"word": "中國之春"
},
{
"word": "中国之春"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguórén",
"word": "中國人"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguórén",
"word": "中国人"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou",
"word": "中國人民的老朋友"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou",
"word": "中国人民的老朋友"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn",
"word": "中國人民解放軍"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn",
"word": "中国人民解放军"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguólǎo",
"word": "中國佬"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguólǎo",
"word": "中国佬"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Qiáolián",
"word": "中國僑聯"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Qiáolián",
"word": "中国侨联"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó nèidì",
"word": "中國內地"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó nèidì",
"word": "中国内地"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng",
"word": "中國共產黨"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng",
"word": "中国共产党"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國化"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国化"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguótú",
"word": "中國圖"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguótú",
"word": "中国图"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóchéng",
"word": "中國城"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóchéng",
"word": "中国城"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó dàlù",
"word": "中國大陸"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó dàlù",
"word": "中国大陆"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó wēixiélùn",
"word": "中國威脅論"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó wēixiélùn",
"word": "中国威胁论"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguózì",
"word": "中國字"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguózì",
"word": "中国字"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóxué",
"word": "中國學"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóxué",
"word": "中国学"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn",
"word": "中國崩潰論"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn",
"word": "中国崩溃论"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn",
"word": "中國工農紅軍"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn",
"word": "中国工农红军"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóshì",
"word": "中國式"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóshì",
"word": "中国式"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóxìng",
"word": "中國性"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóxìng",
"word": "中国性"
},
{
"word": "中國文字"
},
{
"word": "中国文字"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó běntǔ",
"word": "中國本土"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó běntǔ",
"word": "中国本土"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhǎi",
"word": "中國海"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhǎi",
"word": "中国海"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó tèsè",
"word": "中國特色"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó tèsè",
"word": "中国特色"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國畫"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国画"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Kēdà",
"word": "中國科大"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Kēdà",
"word": "中国科大"
},
{
"word": "中國科學院"
},
{
"word": "中国科学院"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguójié",
"word": "中國結"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguójié",
"word": "中国结"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguómáng",
"word": "中國芒"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguómáng",
"word": "中国芒"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguócài",
"word": "中國菜"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguócài",
"word": "中国菜"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國話"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国话"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóyǔ",
"word": "中國語"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóyǔ",
"word": "中国语"
},
{
"word": "中國超新星"
},
{
"word": "中国超新星"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguótōng",
"word": "中國通"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguótōng",
"word": "中国通"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguófēng",
"word": "中國風"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguófēng",
"word": "中国风"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngméi",
"word": "中媒"
},
{
"roman": "shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng",
"word": "傷害中國人民的感情"
},
{
"roman": "shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng",
"word": "伤害中国人民的感情"
},
{
"roman": "Xīnzhōngguó",
"word": "新中國"
},
{
"roman": "Xīnzhōngguó",
"word": "新中国"
},
{
"roman": "Zìyóu Zhōngguó",
"word": "自由中國"
},
{
"roman": "Zìyóu Zhōngguó",
"word": "自由中国"
},
{
"roman": "Jiùzhōngguó",
"word": "舊中國"
},
{
"roman": "Jiùzhōngguó",
"word": "旧中国"
},
{
"word": "赤色中國"
},
{
"word": "赤色中国"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "China's peaceful rise",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ",
"text": "中國和平崛起",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "China's peaceful rise",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ",
"text": "中国和平崛起",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn",
"text": "中國社會科學院",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn",
"text": "中国社会科学院",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "English translations of Chinese classics",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì",
"text": "中國典籍英譯",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "English translations of Chinese classics",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì",
"text": "中国典籍英译",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to interfere in China's internal affairs",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng",
"text": "干涉中國內政",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to interfere in China's internal affairs",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng",
"text": "干涉中国内政",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The capital of China is Beijing.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "中國的首都是北京。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The capital of China is Beijing.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "中国的首都是北京。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He's travelling around China right now.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "他現在在中國旅行。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He's travelling around China right now.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "他现在在中国旅行。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Do you like Chinese literature?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "你喜歡中國文學嗎？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Do you like Chinese literature?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "你喜欢中国文学吗？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表",
"roman": "Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表",
"roman": "Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Someone asks, \"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\" We reply, \"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties",
"roman": "Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Someone asks, \"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\" We reply, \"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties",
"roman": "Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)",
"roman": "Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)",
"roman": "Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The national voice is different to that in China, with scripts mutually unintelligible. Thus, our humble people have some to say, but many could not express their feelings.",
"raw_tags": [
"Korean Literary Sinitic",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)",
"text": "國之語音，異乎中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄",
"roman": "Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄",
"roman": "Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.",
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Cantonese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345",
"roman": "jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.",
"tags": [
"Jyutping"
],
"text": "有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.",
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Cantonese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345",
"roman": "jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.",
"tags": [
"Jyutping"
],
"text": "有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)"
],
"id": "en-中國-zh-name-NZ5jRYqd",
"links": [
[
"China",
"China#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Beijing",
"Beijing#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "中"
},
{
"roman": "zhōnggòngguó",
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "中共國"
},
{
"roman": "zhōnggòngguó",
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "中共国"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngyuán",
"word": "中原"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó",
"word": "中國"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó",
"word": "中国"
},
{
"word": "中華"
},
{
"word": "中华"
},
{
"roman": "Jiǔzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "九州"
},
{
"roman": "Tángshān",
"word": "唐山"
},
{
"roman": "yùzhōng",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
],
"word": "域中"
},
{
"english": "lofty",
"roman": "tiānxià",
"word": "天下"
},
{
"roman": "Tiāncháo",
"tags": [
"Internet",
"historical"
],
"word": "天朝"
},
{
"roman": "qìdì",
"tags": [
"Internet",
"derogatory"
],
"word": "契弟"
},
{
"roman": "Déyòu",
"tags": [
"Myanmar"
],
"word": "德祐"
},
{
"roman": "Zhīnà",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"obsolete",
"offensive",
"usually"
],
"word": "支那"
},
{
"roman": "Táohuāshí",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "桃花石"
},
{
"roman": "qiángguó",
"tags": [
"Taiwan",
"derogatory",
"sarcastic"
],
"word": "牆國"
},
{
"roman": "qiángguó",
"tags": [
"Taiwan",
"derogatory",
"sarcastic"
],
"word": "墙国"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of English China"
],
"roman": "Cāiná",
"tags": [
"transliteration"
],
"word": "猜拿"
},
{
"roman": "Shénzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "神州"
},
{
"roman": "Zhònghuājiā",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"slang"
],
"word": "種花家"
},
{
"roman": "Zhònghuājiā",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"slang"
],
"word": "种花家"
},
{
"roman": "Zhīnà",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "脂那"
},
{
"roman": "Zhìnà",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "至那"
},
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "華"
},
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "华"
},
{
"roman": "Huáxià",
"word": "華夏"
},
{
"roman": "Huáxià",
"word": "华夏"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūxià",
"word": "諸夏"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūxià",
"word": "诸夏"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūhuá",
"word": "諸華"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūhuá",
"word": "诸华"
},
{
"roman": "guìzhī",
"tags": [
"Internet",
"Mainland-China",
"derogatory",
"neologism",
"offensive",
"sarcastic"
],
"word": "貴支"
},
{
"roman": "guìzhī",
"tags": [
"Internet",
"Mainland-China",
"derogatory",
"neologism",
"offensive",
"sarcastic"
],
"word": "贵支"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hong-Kong",
"derogatory",
"humorous",
"sarcastic"
],
"word": "贏國"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hong-Kong",
"derogatory",
"humorous",
"sarcastic"
],
"word": "赢国"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤縣"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤县"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn Shénzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤縣神州"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn Shénzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤县神州"
},
{
"roman": "Zhèndàn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "震旦"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zung^ˊ gued^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "De̤ng-go̤h"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh^入"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"He zun",
"King Wu of Zhou",
"Names of China#Zhongguo",
"Western Zhou"
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "中國"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中%国",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "^중국(中國)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Trung Quốc",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "中國"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中國",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく",
"3": "^중국",
"4": "Trung Quốc",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "中國",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "中國",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "中%国",
"v": "中國",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (中國):\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく",
"3": "^중국",
"4": "Trung Quốc",
"j": "中%国"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (中國):\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (中國):\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pcc",
"2": "Zungyguef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bouyei: Zungyguef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bouyei: Zungyguef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Middle Kingdom",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "Keskustan valtakunta",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Empire du Milieu",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Reich der Mitte",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lic",
"2": "Dongxgok",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hlai: Dongxgok",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Hainanese"
},
"expansion": "(via Hainanese)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "Tiongkok",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: Tiongkok",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Hokkien"
},
"expansion": "(via Hokkien)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "Жуңго",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "Reino Médio",
"3": "Reino do Meio",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "calque"
},
"expansion": "(calque)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ii",
"2": "ꍏꇩ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "ཀྲུང་གོ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dz",
"2": "ཀྲུང་ཀོ"
},
"expansion": "Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "جۇڭگو",
"3": "Җуңго",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Cyrillic"
},
"expansion": "(Cyrillic)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wuh",
"2": "zhungo"
},
"expansion": "Wutunhua: zhungo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wutunhua: zhungo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "Cunghgoz",
"3": "Cungguek",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek"
}
],
"etymology_examples": [
{
"english": "When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)",
"roman": "Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)",
"roman": "Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "中国",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "middle country; central country",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government"
],
"id": "en-中國-zh-noun-wNEsZokx",
"links": [
[
"royal",
"royal"
],
[
"court",
"court"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"household",
"household"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "惠此中國，以綏四方。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "惠此中国，以绥四方。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "我欲中國而授孟子室。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "我欲中国而授孟子室。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)"
],
"id": "en-中國-zh-noun-K3oKcweP",
"links": [
[
"central",
"central"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city#English"
],
[
"main",
"main#English"
],
[
"region",
"region#English"
],
[
"emperor",
"emperor#English"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler#English"
],
[
"reside",
"reside#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 85 7 8",
"roman": "guózhōng",
"sense": "central part of a country",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "國中"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 85 7 8",
"roman": "guózhōng",
"sense": "central part of a country",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "国中"
}
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 3 6 33 34 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 2 5 34 37 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 1 4 35 38 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
"roman": "Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
"roman": "Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE",
"roman": "Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE",
"roman": "Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)"
],
"id": "en-中國-zh-noun-Bi4tzQVc",
"links": [
[
"Central Plain",
"Central Plain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 3 6 33 34 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 2 5 34 37 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 1 4 35 38 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song",
"roman": "Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song",
"roman": "Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"people of the Central Plain"
],
"id": "en-中國-zh-noun-Oa4wPBr-",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"Central Plain",
"Central Plain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) people of the Central Plain"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zung^ˊ gued^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "De̤ng-go̤h"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh^入"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "as termed by vassal states",
"roman": "shàngguó",
"word": "上國"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "as termed by vassal states",
"roman": "shàngguó",
"word": "上国"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shì",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "世"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gōngjiā",
"word": "公家"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gōngtíng",
"word": "公庭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guójiā",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "國家"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "guójiā",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "国家"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "cháotíng",
"word": "朝廷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wángshì",
"word": "王室"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wángjiā",
"word": "王家"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wángcháo",
"word": "王朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "huángshì",
"word": "皇室"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "huángcháo",
"word": "皇朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 46 51",
"roman": "Zhōngtǔ",
"sense": "the Central Plain",
"word": "中土"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 46 51",
"roman": "Zhōngyuán",
"sense": "the Central Plain",
"word": "中原"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 46 51",
"roman": "Zhōngzhōu",
"sense": "the Central Plain",
"word": "中州"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"He zun",
"King Wu of Zhou",
"Names of China#Zhongguo",
"Western Zhou"
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中%国",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく"
},
"expansion": "中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "zh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中國",
"2": "the central part of a country",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "中国",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "middle country; central country",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg",
"roman": "Zhōngguó",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg",
"roman": "Zhōngguó",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Chūgoku region of Japan"
],
"id": "en-中國-zh-name-IGIJxtjK",
"links": [
[
"～地方",
"中國地方#Chinese"
],
[
"地區",
"地區#Chinese"
],
[
"Chūgoku",
"Chūgoku"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zung^ˊ gued^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "De̤ng-go̤h"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh^入"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sa",
"3": "मध्यदेशे",
"g": "m-s",
"lit": "in the Middle Country",
"pos": "locative"
},
"expansion": "Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)",
"name": "semantic loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Karashima, 2010"
},
"expansion": "Karashima, 2010",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "邊地",
"2": "borderlands; frontiers"
},
"expansion": "邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)",
"name": "zh-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-bhs",
"2": "प्रत्यन्तिम"
},
"expansion": "Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "paccantima"
},
"expansion": "Pali paccantima",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "majjhimesu janapadesu",
"lit": "in the middlemost countries",
"pos": "locative"
},
"expansion": "Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "中国",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "middle country; central country",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "zh:Buddhism",
"parents": [
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 2 5 34 37 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 1 4 35 38 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 大般若波羅蜜多經",
"roman": "Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "何以故？菩薩受生必在中國，利根智慧言詞辯了，善知語義是佛法器，善知沙門、婆羅門等。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 大般若波羅蜜多經",
"roman": "Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "何以故？菩萨受生必在中国，利根智慧言词辩了，善知语义是佛法器，善知沙门、婆罗门等。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"\"central countries\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism"
],
"id": "en-中國-zh-noun-0hJD4F1l",
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"civilization",
"civilization"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) \"central countries\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zung^ˊ gued^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "De̤ng-go̤h"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh^入"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Abhidharmakośakārikā",
"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā",
"Ekottara Āgama"
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms spelled with 中",
"Chinese terms spelled with 國",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì",
"word": "中國中心主義"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì",
"word": "中国中心主义"
},
{
"word": "中國之春"
},
{
"word": "中国之春"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguórén",
"word": "中國人"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguórén",
"word": "中国人"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou",
"word": "中國人民的老朋友"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou",
"word": "中国人民的老朋友"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn",
"word": "中國人民解放軍"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn",
"word": "中国人民解放军"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguólǎo",
"word": "中國佬"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguólǎo",
"word": "中国佬"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Qiáolián",
"word": "中國僑聯"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Qiáolián",
"word": "中国侨联"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó nèidì",
"word": "中國內地"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó nèidì",
"word": "中国内地"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng",
"word": "中國共產黨"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng",
"word": "中国共产党"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國化"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国化"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguótú",
"word": "中國圖"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguótú",
"word": "中国图"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóchéng",
"word": "中國城"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóchéng",
"word": "中国城"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó dàlù",
"word": "中國大陸"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó dàlù",
"word": "中国大陆"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó wēixiélùn",
"word": "中國威脅論"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó wēixiélùn",
"word": "中国威胁论"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguózì",
"word": "中國字"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguózì",
"word": "中国字"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóxué",
"word": "中國學"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóxué",
"word": "中国学"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn",
"word": "中國崩潰論"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn",
"word": "中国崩溃论"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn",
"word": "中國工農紅軍"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn",
"word": "中国工农红军"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóshì",
"word": "中國式"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóshì",
"word": "中国式"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóxìng",
"word": "中國性"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguóxìng",
"word": "中国性"
},
{
"word": "中國文字"
},
{
"word": "中国文字"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó běntǔ",
"word": "中國本土"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó běntǔ",
"word": "中国本土"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhǎi",
"word": "中國海"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhǎi",
"word": "中国海"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó tèsè",
"word": "中國特色"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó tèsè",
"word": "中国特色"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國畫"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国画"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Kēdà",
"word": "中國科大"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó Kēdà",
"word": "中国科大"
},
{
"word": "中國科學院"
},
{
"word": "中国科学院"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguójié",
"word": "中國結"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguójié",
"word": "中国结"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguómáng",
"word": "中國芒"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguómáng",
"word": "中国芒"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguócài",
"word": "中國菜"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguócài",
"word": "中国菜"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中國話"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóhuà",
"word": "中国话"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóyǔ",
"word": "中國語"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguóyǔ",
"word": "中国语"
},
{
"word": "中國超新星"
},
{
"word": "中国超新星"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguótōng",
"word": "中國通"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguótōng",
"word": "中国通"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguófēng",
"word": "中國風"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngguófēng",
"word": "中国风"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngméi",
"word": "中媒"
},
{
"roman": "shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng",
"word": "傷害中國人民的感情"
},
{
"roman": "shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng",
"word": "伤害中国人民的感情"
},
{
"roman": "Xīnzhōngguó",
"word": "新中國"
},
{
"roman": "Xīnzhōngguó",
"word": "新中国"
},
{
"roman": "Zìyóu Zhōngguó",
"word": "自由中國"
},
{
"roman": "Zìyóu Zhōngguó",
"word": "自由中国"
},
{
"roman": "Jiùzhōngguó",
"word": "舊中國"
},
{
"roman": "Jiùzhōngguó",
"word": "旧中国"
},
{
"word": "赤色中國"
},
{
"word": "赤色中国"
}
],
"etymology_examples": [
{
"english": "When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)",
"roman": "Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)",
"roman": "Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "中国",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "middle country; central country",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese terms with quotations",
"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples",
"zh:China",
"zh:Countries",
"zh:Countries in Asia"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "China's peaceful rise",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ",
"text": "中國和平崛起",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "China's peaceful rise",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ",
"text": "中国和平崛起",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn",
"text": "中國社會科學院",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn",
"text": "中国社会科学院",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "English translations of Chinese classics",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì",
"text": "中國典籍英譯",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "English translations of Chinese classics",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì",
"text": "中国典籍英译",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to interfere in China's internal affairs",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng",
"text": "干涉中國內政",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to interfere in China's internal affairs",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng",
"text": "干涉中国内政",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The capital of China is Beijing.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "中國的首都是北京。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The capital of China is Beijing.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "中国的首都是北京。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He's travelling around China right now.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "他現在在中國旅行。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He's travelling around China right now.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "他现在在中国旅行。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Do you like Chinese literature?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "你喜歡中國文學嗎？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Do you like Chinese literature?",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "你喜欢中国文学吗？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表",
"roman": "Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表",
"roman": "Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Someone asks, \"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\" We reply, \"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties",
"roman": "Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Someone asks, \"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\" We reply, \"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties",
"roman": "Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)",
"roman": "Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)",
"roman": "Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The national voice is different to that in China, with scripts mutually unintelligible. Thus, our humble people have some to say, but many could not express their feelings.",
"raw_tags": [
"Korean Literary Sinitic",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)",
"text": "國之語音，異乎中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄",
"roman": "Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄",
"roman": "Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.",
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Cantonese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345",
"roman": "jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.",
"tags": [
"Jyutping"
],
"text": "有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.",
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Cantonese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345",
"roman": "jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.",
"tags": [
"Jyutping"
],
"text": "有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)"
],
"links": [
[
"China",
"China#English"
],
[
"Asia",
"Asia#English"
],
[
"Beijing",
"Beijing#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zung^ˊ gued^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "De̤ng-go̤h"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh^入"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "中"
},
{
"roman": "zhōnggòngguó",
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "中共國"
},
{
"roman": "zhōnggòngguó",
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "中共国"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngyuán",
"word": "中原"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó",
"word": "中國"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngguó",
"word": "中国"
},
{
"word": "中華"
},
{
"word": "中华"
},
{
"roman": "Jiǔzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "九州"
},
{
"roman": "Tángshān",
"word": "唐山"
},
{
"roman": "yùzhōng",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
],
"word": "域中"
},
{
"english": "lofty",
"roman": "tiānxià",
"word": "天下"
},
{
"roman": "Tiāncháo",
"tags": [
"Internet",
"historical"
],
"word": "天朝"
},
{
"roman": "qìdì",
"tags": [
"Internet",
"derogatory"
],
"word": "契弟"
},
{
"roman": "Déyòu",
"tags": [
"Myanmar"
],
"word": "德祐"
},
{
"roman": "Zhīnà",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"obsolete",
"offensive",
"usually"
],
"word": "支那"
},
{
"roman": "Táohuāshí",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "桃花石"
},
{
"roman": "qiángguó",
"tags": [
"Taiwan",
"derogatory",
"sarcastic"
],
"word": "牆國"
},
{
"roman": "qiángguó",
"tags": [
"Taiwan",
"derogatory",
"sarcastic"
],
"word": "墙国"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"of English China"
],
"roman": "Cāiná",
"tags": [
"transliteration"
],
"word": "猜拿"
},
{
"roman": "Shénzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "神州"
},
{
"roman": "Zhònghuājiā",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"slang"
],
"word": "種花家"
},
{
"roman": "Zhònghuājiā",
"tags": [
"humorous",
"slang"
],
"word": "种花家"
},
{
"roman": "Zhīnà",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "脂那"
},
{
"roman": "Zhìnà",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "至那"
},
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "華"
},
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "华"
},
{
"roman": "Huáxià",
"word": "華夏"
},
{
"roman": "Huáxià",
"word": "华夏"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūxià",
"word": "諸夏"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūxià",
"word": "诸夏"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūhuá",
"word": "諸華"
},
{
"roman": "Zhūhuá",
"word": "诸华"
},
{
"roman": "guìzhī",
"tags": [
"Internet",
"Mainland-China",
"derogatory",
"neologism",
"offensive",
"sarcastic"
],
"word": "貴支"
},
{
"roman": "guìzhī",
"tags": [
"Internet",
"Mainland-China",
"derogatory",
"neologism",
"offensive",
"sarcastic"
],
"word": "贵支"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hong-Kong",
"derogatory",
"humorous",
"sarcastic"
],
"word": "贏國"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hong-Kong",
"derogatory",
"humorous",
"sarcastic"
],
"word": "赢国"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤縣"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤县"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn Shénzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤縣神州"
},
{
"roman": "Chìxiàn Shénzhōu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "赤县神州"
},
{
"roman": "Zhèndàn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "震旦"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"He zun",
"King Wu of Zhou",
"Names of China#Zhongguo",
"Western Zhou"
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms spelled with 中",
"Chinese terms spelled with 國",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "中國"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中%国",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "^중국(中國)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Trung Quốc",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "中國"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中國",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく",
"3": "^중국",
"4": "Trung Quốc",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "中國",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "中國",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "中%国",
"v": "中國",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (中國):\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく",
"3": "^중국",
"4": "Trung Quốc",
"j": "中%国"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (中國):\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (中國):\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pcc",
"2": "Zungyguef",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bouyei: Zungyguef",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bouyei: Zungyguef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Middle Kingdom",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "Keskustan valtakunta",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "Empire du Milieu",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Reich der Mitte",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lic",
"2": "Dongxgok",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hlai: Dongxgok",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Hainanese"
},
"expansion": "(via Hainanese)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "Tiongkok",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: Tiongkok",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Hokkien"
},
"expansion": "(via Hokkien)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "Жуңго",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "khb",
"2": "ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "Reino Médio",
"3": "Reino do Meio",
"cal": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "calque"
},
"expansion": "(calque)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ii",
"2": "ꍏꇩ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bo",
"2": "ཀྲུང་གོ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dz",
"2": "ཀྲུང་ཀོ"
},
"expansion": "Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "جۇڭگو",
"3": "Җуңго",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Cyrillic"
},
"expansion": "(Cyrillic)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wuh",
"2": "zhungo"
},
"expansion": "Wutunhua: zhungo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Wutunhua: zhungo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "Cunghgoz",
"3": "Cungguek",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek"
}
],
"etymology_examples": [
{
"english": "When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)",
"roman": "Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\"",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)",
"roman": "Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "中国",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "middle country; central country",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government"
],
"links": [
[
"royal",
"royal"
],
[
"court",
"court"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"household",
"household"
],
[
"government",
"government"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "惠此中國，以綏四方。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.",
"raw_tags": [
"Pre-Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "惠此中国，以绥四方。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "我欲中國而授孟子室。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version",
"roman": "Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "我欲中国而授孟子室。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)"
],
"links": [
[
"central",
"central"
],
[
"part",
"part"
],
[
"country",
"country"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city#English"
],
[
"main",
"main#English"
],
[
"region",
"region#English"
],
[
"emperor",
"emperor#English"
],
[
"ruler",
"ruler#English"
],
[
"reside",
"reside#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
"roman": "Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE",
"roman": "Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE",
"roman": "Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE",
"roman": "Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE",
"roman": "Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)"
],
"links": [
[
"Central Plain",
"Central Plain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song",
"roman": "Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Literary Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song",
"roman": "Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"people of the Central Plain"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"Central Plain",
"Central Plain"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical) people of the Central Plain"
],
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zung^ˊ gued^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "De̤ng-go̤h"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh^入"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "as termed by vassal states",
"roman": "shàngguó",
"word": "上國"
},
{
"english": "as termed by vassal states",
"roman": "shàngguó",
"word": "上国"
},
{
"roman": "shì",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "世"
},
{
"roman": "gōngjiā",
"word": "公家"
},
{
"roman": "gōngtíng",
"word": "公庭"
},
{
"roman": "guójiā",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "國家"
},
{
"roman": "guójiā",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "国家"
},
{
"roman": "cháotíng",
"word": "朝廷"
},
{
"roman": "wángshì",
"word": "王室"
},
{
"roman": "wángjiā",
"word": "王家"
},
{
"roman": "wángcháo",
"word": "王朝"
},
{
"roman": "huángshì",
"word": "皇室"
},
{
"roman": "huángcháo",
"word": "皇朝"
},
{
"roman": "guózhōng",
"sense": "central part of a country",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "國中"
},
{
"roman": "guózhōng",
"sense": "central part of a country",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "国中"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngtǔ",
"sense": "the Central Plain",
"word": "中土"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngyuán",
"sense": "the Central Plain",
"word": "中原"
},
{
"roman": "Zhōngzhōu",
"sense": "the Central Plain",
"word": "中州"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"He zun",
"King Wu of Zhou",
"Names of China#Zhongguo",
"Western Zhou"
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese",
"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from Japanese",
"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms spelled with 中",
"Chinese terms spelled with 國",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese",
"name": "obor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中%国",
"2": "^ちゅう%ごく"
},
"expansion": "中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "zh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "中國",
"2": "the central part of a country",
"id": "1"
},
"expansion": "中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "中国",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "proper noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "middle country; central country",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg",
"roman": "Zhōngguó",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg",
"roman": "Zhōngguó",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Chūgoku region of Japan"
],
"links": [
[
"～地方",
"中國地方#Chinese"
],
[
"地區",
"地區#Chinese"
],
[
"Chūgoku",
"Chūgoku"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zung^ˊ gued^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "De̤ng-go̤h"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh^入"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"word": "中國"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Chinese terms spelled with 中",
"Chinese terms spelled with 國",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese proper nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese nouns",
"Old Chinese proper nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "sa",
"3": "मध्यदेशे",
"g": "m-s",
"lit": "in the Middle Country",
"pos": "locative"
},
"expansion": "Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)",
"name": "semantic loan"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Karashima, 2010"
},
"expansion": "Karashima, 2010",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "邊地",
"2": "borderlands; frontiers"
},
"expansion": "邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)",
"name": "zh-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-bhs",
"2": "प्रत्यन्तिम"
},
"expansion": "Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "paccantima"
},
"expansion": "Pali paccantima",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "majjhimesu janapadesu",
"lit": "in the middlemost countries",
"pos": "locative"
},
"expansion": "Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "中国",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "中國",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"literal_meaning": "middle country; central country",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"zh:Buddhism"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"ref": " 大般若波羅蜜多經",
"roman": "Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "何以故？菩薩受生必在中國，利根智慧言詞辯了，善知語義是佛法器，善知沙門、婆羅門等。",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.",
"raw_tags": [
"Classical Chinese",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"ref": " 大般若波羅蜜多經",
"roman": "Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "何以故？菩萨受生必在中国，利根智慧言词辩了，善知语义是佛法器，善知沙门、婆罗门等。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"\"central countries\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism"
],
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"civilization",
"civilization"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism) \"central countries\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "Zong¹ gue²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Xi'an"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуй"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguy"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-II"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Җунгуә"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "Žunguə"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guêd⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "dong¹ gog⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zhōngguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jhongguó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "Chung¹-kuo²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "Jūng-gwó"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Jonggwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Чжунго"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "Čžungo"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Zunggue"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "Bvěnggui"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gwok³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jūng gwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzung¹ gwok⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ guog³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "zuung¹ gok²"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "Chûng-koet"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zung^ˊ gued^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "zung¹ gued⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "zhung^ˋ gued"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "Dṳ̆ng-guók"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "De̤ng-go̤h"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "Tiong-kok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "diongkog"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tong kok"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₇"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tson^平 koh^入"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tson-koq₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "trjuwng kwok"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[C.q]"
},
{
"other": "/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Abhidharmakośakārikā",
"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā",
"Ekottara Āgama"
],
"word": "中國"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 中國 meaning in Chinese (67.8kB)
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"path": [
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"title": "中國",
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{
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{
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{
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"path": [
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{
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"path": [
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"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
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}
{
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"path": [
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],
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"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"path": [
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"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"path": [
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"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
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{
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"path": [
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"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中國中心主義\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中国中心主义\"}, {\"word\": \"中國之春\"}, {\"word\": \"中国之春\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中國人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中国人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中國人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中国人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國人民解放軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国人民解放军\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中國佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中国佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中國僑聯\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中国侨联\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中國內地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中国内地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中國共產黨\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中国共产党\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中國圖\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中国图\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中國城\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中国城\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中國大陸\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中国大陆\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中國威脅論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中国威胁论\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中國字\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中国字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中國學\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中国学\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中國崩潰論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中国崩溃论\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國工農紅軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国工农红军\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中國式\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中国式\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中國性\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中国性\"}, {\"word\": \"中國文字\"}, {\"word\": \"中国文字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中國本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中国本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中國海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中国海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中國特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中国特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國畫\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国画\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中國科大\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中国科大\"}, {\"word\": \"中國科學院\"}, {\"word\": \"中国科学院\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中國結\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中国结\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中國芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中国芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中國菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中国菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國話\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国话\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中國語\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中国语\"}, {\"word\": \"中國超新星\"}, {\"word\": \"中国超新星\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中國通\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中国通\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中國風\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中国风\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngméi\", \"word\": \"中媒\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"傷害中國人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"伤害中国人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"舊中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"旧中国\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中國\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中国\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Cantonese terms with quotations\", \"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters\", \"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Mandarin terms with usage examples\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\", \"zh:China\", \"zh:Countries\", \"zh:Countries in Asia\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中國和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中国和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中國社會科學院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中国社会科学院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中國典籍英譯\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中国典籍英译\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中國內政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中国内政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中國的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中国的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他現在在中國旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他现在在中国旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜歡中國文學嗎？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜欢中国文学吗？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"The national voice is different to that in China, with scripts mutually unintelligible. Thus, our humble people have some to say, but many could not express their feelings.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Korean Literary Sinitic\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)\", \"text\": \"國之語音，異乎中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)\"], \"links\": [[\"China\", \"China#English\"], [\"Asia\", \"Asia#English\"], [\"Beijing\", \"Beijing#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"中\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共國\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中国\"}, {\"word\": \"中華\"}, {\"word\": \"中华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiǔzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"九州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tángshān\", \"word\": \"唐山\"}, {\"roman\": \"yùzhōng\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"域中\"}, {\"english\": \"lofty\", \"roman\": \"tiānxià\", \"word\": \"天下\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tiāncháo\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"historical\"], \"word\": \"天朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"qìdì\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"契弟\"}, {\"roman\": \"Déyòu\", \"tags\": [\"Myanmar\"], \"word\": \"德祐\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\", \"obsolete\", \"offensive\", \"usually\"], \"word\": \"支那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Táohuāshí\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"桃花石\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"牆國\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"墙国\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"of English China\"], \"roman\": \"Cāiná\", \"tags\": [\"transliteration\"], \"word\": \"猜拿\"}, {\"roman\": \"Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"種花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"种花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"脂那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhìnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"至那\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"華\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"華夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"华夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"諸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"诸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"諸華\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"诸华\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"貴支\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贵支\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贏國\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"赢国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhèndàn\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"震旦\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中國中心主義\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中国中心主义\"}, {\"word\": \"中國之春\"}, {\"word\": \"中国之春\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中國人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中国人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中國人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中国人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國人民解放軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国人民解放军\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中國佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中国佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中國僑聯\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中国侨联\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中國內地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中国内地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中國共產黨\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中国共产党\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中國圖\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中国图\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中國城\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中国城\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中國大陸\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中国大陆\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中國威脅論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中国威胁论\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中國字\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中国字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中國學\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中国学\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中國崩潰論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中国崩溃论\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國工農紅軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国工农红军\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中國式\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中国式\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中國性\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中国性\"}, {\"word\": \"中國文字\"}, {\"word\": \"中国文字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中國本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中国本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中國海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中国海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中國特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中国特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國畫\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国画\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中國科大\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中国科大\"}, {\"word\": \"中國科學院\"}, {\"word\": \"中国科学院\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中國結\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中国结\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中國芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中国芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中國菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中国菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國話\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国话\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中國語\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中国语\"}, {\"word\": \"中國超新星\"}, {\"word\": \"中国超新星\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中國通\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中国通\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中國風\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中国风\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngméi\", \"word\": \"中媒\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"傷害中國人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"伤害中国人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"舊中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"旧中国\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中國\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中国\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Cantonese terms with quotations\", \"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters\", \"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Mandarin terms with usage examples\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\", \"zh:China\", \"zh:Countries\", \"zh:Countries in Asia\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中國和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中国和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中國社會科學院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中国社会科学院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中國典籍英譯\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中国典籍英译\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中國內政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中国内政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中國的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中国的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他現在在中國旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他现在在中国旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜歡中國文學嗎？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜欢中国文学吗？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"The national voice is different to that in China, with scripts mutually unintelligible. Thus, our humble people have some to say, but many could not express their feelings.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Korean Literary Sinitic\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)\", \"text\": \"國之語音，異乎中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)\"], \"links\": [[\"China\", \"China#English\"], [\"Asia\", \"Asia#English\"], [\"Beijing\", \"Beijing#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"中\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共國\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中国\"}, {\"word\": \"中華\"}, {\"word\": \"中华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiǔzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"九州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tángshān\", \"word\": \"唐山\"}, {\"roman\": \"yùzhōng\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"域中\"}, {\"english\": \"lofty\", \"roman\": \"tiānxià\", \"word\": \"天下\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tiāncháo\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"historical\"], \"word\": \"天朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"qìdì\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"契弟\"}, {\"roman\": \"Déyòu\", \"tags\": [\"Myanmar\"], \"word\": \"德祐\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\", \"obsolete\", \"offensive\", \"usually\"], \"word\": \"支那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Táohuāshí\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"桃花石\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"牆國\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"墙国\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"of English China\"], \"roman\": \"Cāiná\", \"tags\": [\"transliteration\"], \"word\": \"猜拿\"}, {\"roman\": \"Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"種花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"种花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"脂那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhìnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"至那\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"華\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"華夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"华夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"諸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"诸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"諸華\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"诸华\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"貴支\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贵支\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贏國\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"赢国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhèndàn\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"震旦\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中國中心主義\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中国中心主义\"}, {\"word\": \"中國之春\"}, {\"word\": \"中国之春\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中國人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中国人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中國人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中国人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國人民解放軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国人民解放军\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中國佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中国佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中國僑聯\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中国侨联\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中國內地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中国内地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中國共產黨\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中国共产党\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中國圖\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中国图\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中國城\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中国城\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中國大陸\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中国大陆\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中國威脅論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中国威胁论\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中國字\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中国字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中國學\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中国学\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中國崩潰論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中国崩溃论\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國工農紅軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国工农红军\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中國式\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中国式\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中國性\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中国性\"}, {\"word\": \"中國文字\"}, {\"word\": \"中国文字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中國本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中国本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中國海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中国海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中國特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中国特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國畫\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国画\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中國科大\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中国科大\"}, {\"word\": \"中國科學院\"}, {\"word\": \"中国科学院\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中國結\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中国结\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中國芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中国芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中國菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中国菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國話\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国话\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中國語\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中国语\"}, {\"word\": \"中國超新星\"}, {\"word\": \"中国超新星\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中國通\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中国通\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中國風\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中国风\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngméi\", \"word\": \"中媒\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"傷害中國人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"伤害中国人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"舊中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"旧中国\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中國\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中国\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Cantonese terms with quotations\", \"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters\", \"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Mandarin terms with usage examples\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\", \"zh:China\", \"zh:Countries\", \"zh:Countries in Asia\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中國和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中国和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中國社會科學院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中国社会科学院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中國典籍英譯\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中国典籍英译\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中國內政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中国内政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中國的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中国的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他現在在中國旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他现在在中国旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜歡中國文學嗎？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜欢中国文学吗？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"The national voice is different to that in China, with scripts mutually unintelligible. Thus, our humble people have some to say, but many could not express their feelings.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Korean Literary Sinitic\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)\", \"text\": \"國之語音，異乎中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)\"], \"links\": [[\"China\", \"China#English\"], [\"Asia\", \"Asia#English\"], [\"Beijing\", \"Beijing#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"中\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共國\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中国\"}, {\"word\": \"中華\"}, {\"word\": \"中华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiǔzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"九州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tángshān\", \"word\": \"唐山\"}, {\"roman\": \"yùzhōng\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"域中\"}, {\"english\": \"lofty\", \"roman\": \"tiānxià\", \"word\": \"天下\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tiāncháo\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"historical\"], \"word\": \"天朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"qìdì\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"契弟\"}, {\"roman\": \"Déyòu\", \"tags\": [\"Myanmar\"], \"word\": \"德祐\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\", \"obsolete\", \"offensive\", \"usually\"], \"word\": \"支那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Táohuāshí\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"桃花石\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"牆國\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"墙国\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"of English China\"], \"roman\": \"Cāiná\", \"tags\": [\"transliteration\"], \"word\": \"猜拿\"}, {\"roman\": \"Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"種花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"种花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"脂那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhìnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"至那\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"華\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"華夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"华夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"諸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"诸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"諸華\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"诸华\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"貴支\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贵支\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贏國\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"赢国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhèndàn\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"震旦\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中國中心主義\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中国中心主义\"}, {\"word\": \"中國之春\"}, {\"word\": \"中国之春\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中國人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中国人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中國人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中国人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國人民解放軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国人民解放军\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中國佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中国佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中國僑聯\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中国侨联\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中國內地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中国内地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中國共產黨\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中国共产党\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中國圖\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中国图\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中國城\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中国城\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中國大陸\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中国大陆\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中國威脅論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中国威胁论\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中國字\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中国字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中國學\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中国学\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中國崩潰論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中国崩溃论\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國工農紅軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国工农红军\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中國式\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中国式\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中國性\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中国性\"}, {\"word\": \"中國文字\"}, {\"word\": \"中国文字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中國本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中国本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中國海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中国海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中國特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中国特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國畫\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国画\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中國科大\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中国科大\"}, {\"word\": \"中國科學院\"}, {\"word\": \"中国科学院\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中國結\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中国结\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中國芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中国芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中國菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中国菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國話\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国话\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中國語\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中国语\"}, {\"word\": \"中國超新星\"}, {\"word\": \"中国超新星\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中國通\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中国通\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中國風\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中国风\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngméi\", \"word\": \"中媒\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"傷害中國人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"伤害中国人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"舊中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"旧中国\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中國\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中国\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Cantonese terms with quotations\", \"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters\", \"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Mandarin terms with usage examples\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\", \"zh:China\", \"zh:Countries\", \"zh:Countries in Asia\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中國和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中国和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中國社會科學院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中国社会科学院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中國典籍英譯\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中国典籍英译\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中國內政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中国内政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中國的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中国的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他現在在中國旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他现在在中国旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜歡中國文學嗎？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜欢中国文学吗？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"The national voice is different to that in China, with scripts mutually unintelligible. Thus, our humble people have some to say, but many could not express their feelings.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Korean Literary Sinitic\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)\", \"text\": \"國之語音，異乎中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)\"], \"links\": [[\"China\", \"China#English\"], [\"Asia\", \"Asia#English\"], [\"Beijing\", \"Beijing#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"中\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共國\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中国\"}, {\"word\": \"中華\"}, {\"word\": \"中华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiǔzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"九州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tángshān\", \"word\": \"唐山\"}, {\"roman\": \"yùzhōng\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"域中\"}, {\"english\": \"lofty\", \"roman\": \"tiānxià\", \"word\": \"天下\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tiāncháo\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"historical\"], \"word\": \"天朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"qìdì\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"契弟\"}, {\"roman\": \"Déyòu\", \"tags\": [\"Myanmar\"], \"word\": \"德祐\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\", \"obsolete\", \"offensive\", \"usually\"], \"word\": \"支那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Táohuāshí\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"桃花石\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"牆國\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"墙国\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"of English China\"], \"roman\": \"Cāiná\", \"tags\": [\"transliteration\"], \"word\": \"猜拿\"}, {\"roman\": \"Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"種花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"种花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"脂那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhìnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"至那\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"華\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"華夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"华夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"諸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"诸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"諸華\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"诸华\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"貴支\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贵支\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贏國\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"赢国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhèndàn\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"震旦\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中國中心主義\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中国中心主义\"}, {\"word\": \"中國之春\"}, {\"word\": \"中国之春\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中國人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中国人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中國人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中国人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國人民解放軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国人民解放军\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中國佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中国佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中國僑聯\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中国侨联\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中國內地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中国内地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中國共產黨\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中国共产党\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中國圖\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中国图\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中國城\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中国城\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中國大陸\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中国大陆\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中國威脅論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中国威胁论\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中國字\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中国字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中國學\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中国学\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中國崩潰論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中国崩溃论\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國工農紅軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国工农红军\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中國式\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中国式\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中國性\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中国性\"}, {\"word\": \"中國文字\"}, {\"word\": \"中国文字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中國本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中国本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中國海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中国海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中國特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中国特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國畫\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国画\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中國科大\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中国科大\"}, {\"word\": \"中國科學院\"}, {\"word\": \"中国科学院\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中國結\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中国结\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中國芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中国芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中國菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中国菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國話\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国话\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中國語\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中国语\"}, {\"word\": \"中國超新星\"}, {\"word\": \"中国超新星\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中國通\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中国通\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中國風\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中国风\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngméi\", \"word\": \"中媒\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"傷害中國人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"伤害中国人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"舊中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"旧中国\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中國\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中国\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Cantonese terms with quotations\", \"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters\", \"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Mandarin terms with usage examples\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\", \"zh:China\", \"zh:Countries\", \"zh:Countries in Asia\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中國和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中国和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中國社會科學院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中国社会科学院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中國典籍英譯\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中国典籍英译\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中國內政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中国内政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中國的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中国的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他現在在中國旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他现在在中国旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜歡中國文學嗎？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜欢中国文学吗？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"The national voice is different to that in China, with scripts mutually unintelligible. Thus, our humble people have some to say, but many could not express their feelings.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Korean Literary Sinitic\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)\", \"text\": \"國之語音，異乎中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)\"], \"links\": [[\"China\", \"China#English\"], [\"Asia\", \"Asia#English\"], [\"Beijing\", \"Beijing#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"中\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共國\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中国\"}, {\"word\": \"中華\"}, {\"word\": \"中华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiǔzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"九州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tángshān\", \"word\": \"唐山\"}, {\"roman\": \"yùzhōng\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"域中\"}, {\"english\": \"lofty\", \"roman\": \"tiānxià\", \"word\": \"天下\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tiāncháo\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"historical\"], \"word\": \"天朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"qìdì\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"契弟\"}, {\"roman\": \"Déyòu\", \"tags\": [\"Myanmar\"], \"word\": \"德祐\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\", \"obsolete\", \"offensive\", \"usually\"], \"word\": \"支那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Táohuāshí\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"桃花石\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"牆國\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"墙国\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"of English China\"], \"roman\": \"Cāiná\", \"tags\": [\"transliteration\"], \"word\": \"猜拿\"}, {\"roman\": \"Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"種花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"种花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"脂那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhìnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"至那\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"華\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"華夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"华夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"諸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"诸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"諸華\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"诸华\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"貴支\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贵支\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贏國\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"赢国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhèndàn\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"震旦\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中國中心主義\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中国中心主义\"}, {\"word\": \"中國之春\"}, {\"word\": \"中国之春\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中國人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中国人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中國人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中国人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國人民解放軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国人民解放军\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中國佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中国佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中國僑聯\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中国侨联\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中國內地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中国内地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中國共產黨\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中国共产党\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中國圖\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中国图\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中國城\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中国城\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中國大陸\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中国大陆\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中國威脅論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中国威胁论\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中國字\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中国字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中國學\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中国学\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中國崩潰論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中国崩溃论\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國工農紅軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国工农红军\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中國式\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中国式\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中國性\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中国性\"}, {\"word\": \"中國文字\"}, {\"word\": \"中国文字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中國本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中国本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中國海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中国海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中國特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中国特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國畫\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国画\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中國科大\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中国科大\"}, {\"word\": \"中國科學院\"}, {\"word\": \"中国科学院\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中國結\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中国结\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中國芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中国芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中國菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中国菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國話\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国话\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中國語\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中国语\"}, {\"word\": \"中國超新星\"}, {\"word\": \"中国超新星\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中國通\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中国通\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中國風\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中国风\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngméi\", \"word\": \"中媒\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"傷害中國人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"伤害中国人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"舊中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"旧中国\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中國\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中国\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Cantonese terms with quotations\", \"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters\", \"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Mandarin terms with usage examples\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\", \"zh:China\", \"zh:Countries\", \"zh:Countries in Asia\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中國和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中国和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中國社會科學院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中国社会科学院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中國典籍英譯\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中国典籍英译\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中國內政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中国内政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中國的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中国的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他現在在中國旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他现在在中国旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜歡中國文學嗎？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜欢中国文学吗？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"The national voice is different to that in China, with scripts mutually unintelligible. Thus, our humble people have some to say, but many could not express their feelings.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Korean Literary Sinitic\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)\", \"text\": \"國之語音，異乎中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)\"], \"links\": [[\"China\", \"China#English\"], [\"Asia\", \"Asia#English\"], [\"Beijing\", \"Beijing#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"中\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共國\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中国\"}, {\"word\": \"中華\"}, {\"word\": \"中华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiǔzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"九州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tángshān\", \"word\": \"唐山\"}, {\"roman\": \"yùzhōng\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"域中\"}, {\"english\": \"lofty\", \"roman\": \"tiānxià\", \"word\": \"天下\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tiāncháo\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"historical\"], \"word\": \"天朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"qìdì\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"契弟\"}, {\"roman\": \"Déyòu\", \"tags\": [\"Myanmar\"], \"word\": \"德祐\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\", \"obsolete\", \"offensive\", \"usually\"], \"word\": \"支那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Táohuāshí\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"桃花石\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"牆國\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"墙国\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"of English China\"], \"roman\": \"Cāiná\", \"tags\": [\"transliteration\"], \"word\": \"猜拿\"}, {\"roman\": \"Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"種花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"种花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"脂那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhìnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"至那\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"華\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"華夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"华夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"諸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"诸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"諸華\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"诸华\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"貴支\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贵支\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贏國\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"赢国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhèndàn\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"震旦\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中國中心主義\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中国中心主义\"}, {\"word\": \"中國之春\"}, {\"word\": \"中国之春\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中國人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中国人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中國人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中国人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國人民解放軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国人民解放军\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中國佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中国佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中國僑聯\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中国侨联\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中國內地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中国内地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中國共產黨\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中国共产党\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中國圖\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中国图\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中國城\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中国城\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中國大陸\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中国大陆\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中國威脅論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中国威胁论\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中國字\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中国字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中國學\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中国学\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中國崩潰論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中国崩溃论\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國工農紅軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国工农红军\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中國式\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中国式\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中國性\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中国性\"}, {\"word\": \"中國文字\"}, {\"word\": \"中国文字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中國本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中国本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中國海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中国海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中國特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中国特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國畫\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国画\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中國科大\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中国科大\"}, {\"word\": \"中國科學院\"}, {\"word\": \"中国科学院\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中國結\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中国结\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中國芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中国芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中國菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中国菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國話\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国话\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中國語\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中国语\"}, {\"word\": \"中國超新星\"}, {\"word\": \"中国超新星\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中國通\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中国通\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中國風\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中国风\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngméi\", \"word\": \"中媒\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"傷害中國人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"伤害中国人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"舊中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"旧中国\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中國\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中国\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Cantonese terms with quotations\", \"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters\", \"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Mandarin terms with usage examples\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\", \"zh:China\", \"zh:Countries\", \"zh:Countries in Asia\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中國和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中国和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中國社會科學院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中国社会科学院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中國典籍英譯\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中国典籍英译\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中國內政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中国内政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中國的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中国的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他現在在中國旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他现在在中国旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜歡中國文學嗎？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜欢中国文学吗？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"The national voice is different to that in China, with scripts mutually unintelligible. Thus, our humble people have some to say, but many could not express their feelings.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Korean Literary Sinitic\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)\", \"text\": \"國之語音，異乎中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)\"], \"links\": [[\"China\", \"China#English\"], [\"Asia\", \"Asia#English\"], [\"Beijing\", \"Beijing#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"中\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共國\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中国\"}, {\"word\": \"中華\"}, {\"word\": \"中华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiǔzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"九州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tángshān\", \"word\": \"唐山\"}, {\"roman\": \"yùzhōng\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"域中\"}, {\"english\": \"lofty\", \"roman\": \"tiānxià\", \"word\": \"天下\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tiāncháo\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"historical\"], \"word\": \"天朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"qìdì\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"契弟\"}, {\"roman\": \"Déyòu\", \"tags\": [\"Myanmar\"], \"word\": \"德祐\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\", \"obsolete\", \"offensive\", \"usually\"], \"word\": \"支那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Táohuāshí\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"桃花石\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"牆國\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"墙国\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"of English China\"], \"roman\": \"Cāiná\", \"tags\": [\"transliteration\"], \"word\": \"猜拿\"}, {\"roman\": \"Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"種花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"种花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"脂那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhìnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"至那\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"華\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"華夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"华夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"諸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"诸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"諸華\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"诸华\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"貴支\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贵支\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贏國\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"赢国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhèndàn\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"震旦\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中國中心主義\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中国中心主义\"}, {\"word\": \"中國之春\"}, {\"word\": \"中国之春\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中國人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中国人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中國人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中国人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國人民解放軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国人民解放军\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中國佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中国佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中國僑聯\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中国侨联\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中國內地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中国内地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中國共產黨\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中国共产党\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中國圖\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中国图\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中國城\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中国城\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中國大陸\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中国大陆\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中國威脅論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中国威胁论\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中國字\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中国字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中國學\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中国学\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中國崩潰論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中国崩溃论\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國工農紅軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国工农红军\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中國式\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中国式\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中國性\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中国性\"}, {\"word\": \"中國文字\"}, {\"word\": \"中国文字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中國本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中国本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中國海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中国海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中國特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中国特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國畫\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国画\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中國科大\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中国科大\"}, {\"word\": \"中國科學院\"}, {\"word\": \"中国科学院\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中國結\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中国结\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中國芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中国芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中國菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中国菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國話\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国话\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中國語\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中国语\"}, {\"word\": \"中國超新星\"}, {\"word\": \"中国超新星\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中國通\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中国通\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中國風\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中国风\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngméi\", \"word\": \"中媒\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"傷害中國人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"伤害中国人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"舊中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"旧中国\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中國\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中国\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Cantonese terms with quotations\", \"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters\", \"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Mandarin terms with usage examples\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\", \"zh:China\", \"zh:Countries\", \"zh:Countries in Asia\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中國和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中国和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中國社會科學院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中国社会科学院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中國典籍英譯\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中国典籍英译\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中國內政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中国内政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中國的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中国的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他現在在中國旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他现在在中国旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜歡中國文學嗎？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜欢中国文学吗？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"The national voice is different to that in China, with scripts mutually unintelligible. Thus, our humble people have some to say, but many could not express their feelings.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Korean Literary Sinitic\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)\", \"text\": \"國之語音，異乎中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)\"], \"links\": [[\"China\", \"China#English\"], [\"Asia\", \"Asia#English\"], [\"Beijing\", \"Beijing#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"中\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共國\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中国\"}, {\"word\": \"中華\"}, {\"word\": \"中华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiǔzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"九州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tángshān\", \"word\": \"唐山\"}, {\"roman\": \"yùzhōng\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"域中\"}, {\"english\": \"lofty\", \"roman\": \"tiānxià\", \"word\": \"天下\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tiāncháo\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"historical\"], \"word\": \"天朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"qìdì\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"契弟\"}, {\"roman\": \"Déyòu\", \"tags\": [\"Myanmar\"], \"word\": \"德祐\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\", \"obsolete\", \"offensive\", \"usually\"], \"word\": \"支那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Táohuāshí\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"桃花石\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"牆國\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"墙国\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"of English China\"], \"roman\": \"Cāiná\", \"tags\": [\"transliteration\"], \"word\": \"猜拿\"}, {\"roman\": \"Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"種花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"种花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"脂那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhìnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"至那\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"華\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"華夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"华夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"諸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"诸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"諸華\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"诸华\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"貴支\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贵支\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贏國\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"赢国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhèndàn\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"震旦\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中國中心主義\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中国中心主义\"}, {\"word\": \"中國之春\"}, {\"word\": \"中国之春\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中國人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中国人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中國人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中国人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國人民解放軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国人民解放军\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中國佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中国佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中國僑聯\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中国侨联\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中國內地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中国内地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中國共產黨\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中国共产党\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中國圖\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中国图\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中國城\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中国城\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中國大陸\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中国大陆\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中國威脅論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中国威胁论\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中國字\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中国字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中國學\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中国学\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中國崩潰論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中国崩溃论\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國工農紅軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国工农红军\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中國式\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中国式\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中國性\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中国性\"}, {\"word\": \"中國文字\"}, {\"word\": \"中国文字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中國本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中国本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中國海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中国海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中國特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中国特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國畫\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国画\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中國科大\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中国科大\"}, {\"word\": \"中國科學院\"}, {\"word\": \"中国科学院\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中國結\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中国结\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中國芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中国芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中國菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中国菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國話\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国话\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中國語\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中国语\"}, {\"word\": \"中國超新星\"}, {\"word\": \"中国超新星\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中國通\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中国通\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中國風\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中国风\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngméi\", \"word\": \"中媒\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"傷害中國人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"伤害中国人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"舊中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"旧中国\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中國\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中国\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Cantonese terms with quotations\", \"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters\", \"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Mandarin terms with usage examples\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\", \"zh:China\", \"zh:Countries\", \"zh:Countries in Asia\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中國和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中国和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中國社會科學院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中国社会科学院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中國典籍英譯\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中国典籍英译\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中國內政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中国内政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中國的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中国的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他現在在中國旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他现在在中国旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜歡中國文學嗎？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜欢中国文学吗？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"The national voice is different to that in China, with scripts mutually unintelligible. Thus, our humble people have some to say, but many could not express their feelings.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Korean Literary Sinitic\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)\", \"text\": \"國之語音，異乎中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)\"], \"links\": [[\"China\", \"China#English\"], [\"Asia\", \"Asia#English\"], [\"Beijing\", \"Beijing#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"中\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共國\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中国\"}, {\"word\": \"中華\"}, {\"word\": \"中华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiǔzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"九州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tángshān\", \"word\": \"唐山\"}, {\"roman\": \"yùzhōng\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"域中\"}, {\"english\": \"lofty\", \"roman\": \"tiānxià\", \"word\": \"天下\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tiāncháo\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"historical\"], \"word\": \"天朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"qìdì\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"契弟\"}, {\"roman\": \"Déyòu\", \"tags\": [\"Myanmar\"], \"word\": \"德祐\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\", \"obsolete\", \"offensive\", \"usually\"], \"word\": \"支那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Táohuāshí\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"桃花石\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"牆國\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"墙国\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"of English China\"], \"roman\": \"Cāiná\", \"tags\": [\"transliteration\"], \"word\": \"猜拿\"}, {\"roman\": \"Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"種花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"种花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"脂那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhìnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"至那\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"華\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"華夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"华夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"諸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"诸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"諸華\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"诸华\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"貴支\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贵支\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贏國\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"赢国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhèndàn\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"震旦\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中國中心主義\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中国中心主义\"}, {\"word\": \"中國之春\"}, {\"word\": \"中国之春\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中國人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中国人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中國人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中国人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國人民解放軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国人民解放军\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中國佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中国佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中國僑聯\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中国侨联\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中國內地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中国内地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中國共產黨\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中国共产党\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中國圖\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中国图\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中國城\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中国城\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中國大陸\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中国大陆\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中國威脅論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中国威胁论\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中國字\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中国字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中國學\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中国学\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中國崩潰論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中国崩溃论\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國工農紅軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国工农红军\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中國式\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中国式\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中國性\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中国性\"}, {\"word\": \"中國文字\"}, {\"word\": \"中国文字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中國本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中国本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中國海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中国海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中國特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中国特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國畫\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国画\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中國科大\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中国科大\"}, {\"word\": \"中國科學院\"}, {\"word\": \"中国科学院\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中國結\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中国结\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中國芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中国芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中國菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中国菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國話\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国话\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中國語\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中国语\"}, {\"word\": \"中國超新星\"}, {\"word\": \"中国超新星\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中國通\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中国通\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中國風\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中国风\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngméi\", \"word\": \"中媒\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"傷害中國人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"伤害中国人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"舊中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"旧中国\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中國\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中国\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Cantonese terms with quotations\", \"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters\", \"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Mandarin terms with usage examples\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\", \"zh:China\", \"zh:Countries\", \"zh:Countries in Asia\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中國和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中国和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中國社會科學院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中国社会科学院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中國典籍英譯\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中国典籍英译\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中國內政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中国内政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中國的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中国的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他現在在中國旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他现在在中国旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜歡中國文學嗎？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜欢中国文学吗？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"The national voice is different to that in China, with scripts mutually unintelligible. Thus, our humble people have some to say, but many could not express their feelings.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Korean Literary Sinitic\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)\", \"text\": \"國之語音，異乎中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)\"], \"links\": [[\"China\", \"China#English\"], [\"Asia\", \"Asia#English\"], [\"Beijing\", \"Beijing#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"中\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共國\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中国\"}, {\"word\": \"中華\"}, {\"word\": \"中华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiǔzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"九州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tángshān\", \"word\": \"唐山\"}, {\"roman\": \"yùzhōng\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"域中\"}, {\"english\": \"lofty\", \"roman\": \"tiānxià\", \"word\": \"天下\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tiāncháo\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"historical\"], \"word\": \"天朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"qìdì\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"契弟\"}, {\"roman\": \"Déyòu\", \"tags\": [\"Myanmar\"], \"word\": \"德祐\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\", \"obsolete\", \"offensive\", \"usually\"], \"word\": \"支那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Táohuāshí\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"桃花石\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"牆國\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"墙国\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"of English China\"], \"roman\": \"Cāiná\", \"tags\": [\"transliteration\"], \"word\": \"猜拿\"}, {\"roman\": \"Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"種花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"种花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"脂那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhìnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"至那\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"華\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"華夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"华夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"諸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"诸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"諸華\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"诸华\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"貴支\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贵支\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贏國\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"赢国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhèndàn\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"震旦\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"derived\": [{\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中國中心主義\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó zhōngxīn zhǔyì\", \"word\": \"中国中心主义\"}, {\"word\": \"中國之春\"}, {\"word\": \"中国之春\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中國人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguórén\", \"word\": \"中国人\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中國人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó rénmín de lǎopéngyou\", \"word\": \"中国人民的老朋友\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國人民解放軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国人民解放军\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中國佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguólǎo\", \"word\": \"中国佬\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中國僑聯\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Qiáolián\", \"word\": \"中国侨联\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中國內地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó nèidì\", \"word\": \"中国内地\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中國共產黨\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng\", \"word\": \"中国共产党\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国化\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中國圖\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguótú\", \"word\": \"中国图\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中國城\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóchéng\", \"word\": \"中国城\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中國大陸\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó dàlù\", \"word\": \"中国大陆\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中國威脅論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó wēixiélùn\", \"word\": \"中国威胁论\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中國字\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguózì\", \"word\": \"中国字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中國學\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóxué\", \"word\": \"中国学\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中國崩潰論\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó bēngkuìlùn\", \"word\": \"中国崩溃论\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中國工農紅軍\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Gōngnóng Hóngjūn\", \"word\": \"中国工农红军\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中國式\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóshì\", \"word\": \"中国式\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中國性\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguóxìng\", \"word\": \"中国性\"}, {\"word\": \"中國文字\"}, {\"word\": \"中国文字\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中國本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó běntǔ\", \"word\": \"中国本土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中國海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhǎi\", \"word\": \"中国海\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中國特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó tèsè\", \"word\": \"中国特色\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國畫\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国画\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中國科大\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó Kēdà\", \"word\": \"中国科大\"}, {\"word\": \"中國科學院\"}, {\"word\": \"中国科学院\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中國結\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguójié\", \"word\": \"中国结\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中國芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguómáng\", \"word\": \"中国芒\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中國菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguócài\", \"word\": \"中国菜\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中國話\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóhuà\", \"word\": \"中国话\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中國語\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguóyǔ\", \"word\": \"中国语\"}, {\"word\": \"中國超新星\"}, {\"word\": \"中国超新星\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中國通\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguótōng\", \"word\": \"中国通\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中國風\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngguófēng\", \"word\": \"中国风\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōngméi\", \"word\": \"中媒\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"傷害中國人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"shānghài Zhōngguó rénmín de gǎnqíng\", \"word\": \"伤害中国人民的感情\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Xīnzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"新中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zìyóu Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"自由中国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"舊中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiùzhōngguó\", \"word\": \"旧中国\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中國\"}, {\"word\": \"赤色中国\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Cantonese terms with quotations\", \"Chinese links with redundant alt parameters\", \"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Mandarin terms with usage examples\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\", \"zh:China\", \"zh:Countries\", \"zh:Countries in Asia\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中國和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"China's peaceful rise\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó hépíng juéqǐ\", \"text\": \"中国和平崛起\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中國社會科學院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó shèhuìkēxuéyuàn\", \"text\": \"中国社会科学院\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中國典籍英譯\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"English translations of Chinese classics\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó diǎnjí yīngyì\", \"text\": \"中国典籍英译\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中國內政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"to interfere in China's internal affairs\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"gānshè Zhōngguó nèizhèng\", \"text\": \"干涉中国内政\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中國的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"The capital of China is Beijing.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó de shǒudū shì Běijīng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"中国的首都是北京。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他現在在中國旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"He's travelling around China right now.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Tā xiànzài zài Zhōngguó lǚxíng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"他现在在中国旅行。\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜歡中國文學嗎？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"Do you like Chinese literature?\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"roman\": \"Nǐ xǐhuān Zhōngguó wénxué ma?\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"你喜欢中国文学吗？\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自後漢時流入中國，上古未嘗有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"We humbly think that Buddhism is merely a religion of barbarians, which entered China during the Later Han and is not found in our ancestry.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 819, Han Yu, 論佛骨表\", \"roman\": \"Fú yǐ Fó zhě, yídí zhī yī fǎ ěr, zì Hòuhàn shí liúrù Zhōngguó, shànggǔ wèicháng yǒu yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"伏以佛者，夷狄之一法耳，自后汉时流入中国，上古未尝有也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"問者曰：四夷、十國，皆非中國之有也，四夷之封爵朝貢則書，而十國之不書何也？曰：以中國而視夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而視十國，夷狄之則未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Someone asks, \\\"The Four Barbarians and Ten Nations are not Chinese. Why do you describe the barbarian contributions but not ten nations'?\\\" We reply, \\\"Viewing from Chinese on barbarians, one shall barbarize them; Viewing from Five Dynasties on Ten Nations, one shall not.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 11th century, Ouyang Xiu, Historical Records of the Five Dynasties\", \"roman\": \"Wènzhě yuē: Sìyí, Shíguó, jiē fēi Zhōngguó zhī yǒu yě, Sìyí zhī fēngjué cháogòng zé shū, ér Shíguó zhī bù shū hé yě? Yuē: yǐ Zhōngguó ér shì yídí, yídí zhī kě yě. Yǐ Wǔdài zhī jūn ér shì Shíguó, yídí zhī zé wèikě yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"问者曰：四夷、十国，皆非中国之有也，四夷之封爵朝贡则书，而十国之不书何也？曰：以中国而视夷狄，夷狄之可也。以五代之君而视十国，夷狄之则未可也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不與之言及中國糞壅之事，恐為所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1300, 周達觀 (Zhou Daguan), 真臘風土記 (The Customs of Cambodia)\", \"roman\": \"Tángrén dào bǐ, jiē bù yǔ zhī yánjí Zhōngguó fèn yōng zhī shì, kǒng wéi suǒ bǐ.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"唐人到彼，皆不与之言及中国粪壅之事，恐为所鄙。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"The national voice is different to that in China, with scripts mutually unintelligible. Thus, our humble people have some to say, but many could not express their feelings.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Korean Literary Sinitic\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1446, Sejong the Great, 訓民正音 (Hunminjeongeum)\", \"text\": \"國之語音，異乎中國，與文字不相流通，故愚民有所欲言，而終不得伸其情者多矣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君臨天下，并蒙古極邊諸部落，俱歸版圖，是中國之疆土開拓廣遠，乃中國臣民之大幸，何得尚有華夷中外之分論哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" c. 1730, Yongzheng Emperor, 大義覺迷錄\", \"roman\": \"Zì wǒ cháo rùzhǔ zhōngtǔ, jūnlín tiānxià, bìng Ménggǔ jíbiān zhū bùluò, jù guī bǎntú, shì Zhōngguó zhī jiāngtǔ kāituò guǎngyuǎn, nǎi Zhōngguó chénmín zhī dàxìng, hédé shàngyǒu huáyí zhōngwài zhī fēn lùn zāi!\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"自我朝入主中土，君临天下，并蒙古极边诸部落，俱归版图，是中国之疆土开拓广远，乃中国臣民之大幸，何得尚有华夷中外之分论哉！\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有幾多樹木呢？中國人烟稠集，樹木無多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"How much of it is forest? The population of China being very dense, the forests cannot be extensive.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Cantonese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1841, Elijah Coleman Bridgman, A Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, page 345\", \"roman\": \"jau⁵ gei² do¹ syu⁶ muk⁶ ne¹? zung¹ gwok³ jan⁴ jin¹ cau⁴ zaap⁶, syu⁶ muk⁶ mou⁴ do¹.\", \"tags\": [\"Jyutping\"], \"text\": \"有几多树木呢？中国人烟稠集，树木无多。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"China (a country in Asia; capital: Beijing)\"], \"links\": [[\"China\", \"China#English\"], [\"Asia\", \"Asia#English\"], [\"Beijing\", \"Beijing#English\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"中\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共國\"}, {\"roman\": \"zhōnggòngguó\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"中共国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中國\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"word\": \"中国\"}, {\"word\": \"中華\"}, {\"word\": \"中华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Jiǔzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"九州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tángshān\", \"word\": \"唐山\"}, {\"roman\": \"yùzhōng\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"域中\"}, {\"english\": \"lofty\", \"roman\": \"tiānxià\", \"word\": \"天下\"}, {\"roman\": \"Tiāncháo\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"historical\"], \"word\": \"天朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"qìdì\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"derogatory\"], \"word\": \"契弟\"}, {\"roman\": \"Déyòu\", \"tags\": [\"Myanmar\"], \"word\": \"德祐\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"derogatory\", \"obsolete\", \"offensive\", \"usually\"], \"word\": \"支那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Táohuāshí\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"桃花石\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"牆國\"}, {\"roman\": \"qiángguó\", \"tags\": [\"Taiwan\", \"derogatory\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"墙国\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"of English China\"], \"roman\": \"Cāiná\", \"tags\": [\"transliteration\"], \"word\": \"猜拿\"}, {\"roman\": \"Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"種花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhònghuājiā\", \"tags\": [\"humorous\", \"slang\"], \"word\": \"种花家\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhīnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"脂那\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhìnà\", \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"至那\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"華\"}, {\"tags\": [\"abbreviation\"], \"word\": \"华\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"華夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Huáxià\", \"word\": \"华夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"諸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūxià\", \"word\": \"诸夏\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"諸華\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhūhuá\", \"word\": \"诸华\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"貴支\"}, {\"roman\": \"guìzhī\", \"tags\": [\"Internet\", \"Mainland-China\", \"derogatory\", \"neologism\", \"offensive\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贵支\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"贏國\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hong-Kong\", \"derogatory\", \"humorous\", \"sarcastic\"], \"word\": \"赢国\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤縣神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Chìxiàn Shénzhōu\", \"tags\": [\"literary\"], \"word\": \"赤县神州\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhèndàn\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"震旦\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 0, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"lang\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ja\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Japanese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"gloss\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ko\", \"2\": \"^중국(中國)\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"t2\": \"\", \"t3\": \"\", \"t4\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"vi\", \"2\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"tr\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"h\": \"中國\", \"j2\": \"\", \"j2t\": \"\", \"j3\": \"\", \"j3t\": \"\", \"j4\": \"\", \"j4t\": \"\", \"jdesc\": \"\", \"jje2\": \"\", \"jje2t\": \"\", \"jje3\": \"\", \"jje3t\": \"\", \"jje4\": \"\", \"jje4t\": \"\", \"jjedesc\": \"\", \"jjet\": \"\", \"jt\": \"\", \"k2\": \"\", \"k2t\": \"\", \"k3\": \"\", \"k3t\": \"\", \"k4\": \"\", \"k4t\": \"\", \"kdesc\": \"\", \"kt\": \"\", \"o\": \"中國\", \"o2\": \"\", \"o2t\": \"\", \"o3\": \"\", \"o3t\": \"\", \"o4\": \"\", \"o4t\": \"\", \"odesc\": \"\", \"ot\": \"\", \"s\": \"中%国\", \"v\": \"中國\", \"v2\": \"\", \"v2t\": \"\", \"v3\": \"\", \"v3t\": \"\", \"v4\": \"\", \"v4t\": \"\", \"vdesc\": \"\", \"vt\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV/code\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"j\": \"中%国\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV\"}], \"text\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pcc\", \"2\": \"Zungyguef\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"Middle Kingdom\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fi\", \"2\": \"Keskustan valtakunta\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Empire du Milieu\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"Reich der Mitte\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lic\", \"2\": \"Dongxgok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hainanese\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hainanese)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"id\", \"2\": \"Tiongkok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hokkien\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hokkien)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ky\", \"2\": \"Жуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mnc\", \"2\": \"ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mn\", \"2\": \"ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"Reino Médio\", \"3\": \"Reino do Meio\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ii\", \"2\": \"ꍏꇩ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་གོ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"dz\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་ཀོ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ug\", \"2\": \"جۇڭگو\", \"3\": \"Җуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Cyrillic\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Cyrillic)\", \"name\": \"i\"}], \"text\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"wuh\", \"2\": \"zhungo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"Cunghgoz\", \"3\": \"Cungguek\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\"], \"glosses\": [\"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"links\": [[\"royal\", \"royal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"], [\"imperial\", \"imperial\"], [\"household\", \"household\"], [\"government\", \"government\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中國，以綏四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中国，以绥四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中國而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中国而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"links\": [[\"central\", \"central\"], [\"part\", \"part\"], [\"country\", \"country\"], [\"capital city\", \"capital city#English\"], [\"main\", \"main#English\"], [\"region\", \"region#English\"], [\"emperor\", \"emperor#English\"], [\"ruler\", \"ruler#English\"], [\"reside\", \"reside#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"links\": [[\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"people of the Central Plain\"], \"links\": [[\"people\", \"people\"], [\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) people of the Central Plain\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上國\"}, {\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上国\"}, {\"roman\": \"shì\", \"tags\": [\"in-compounds\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"世\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiā\", \"word\": \"公家\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngtíng\", \"word\": \"公庭\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"國家\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"国家\"}, {\"roman\": \"cháotíng\", \"word\": \"朝廷\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángshì\", \"word\": \"王室\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángjiā\", \"word\": \"王家\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángcháo\", \"word\": \"王朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángshì\", \"word\": \"皇室\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángcháo\", \"word\": \"皇朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"國中\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"国中\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngtǔ\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngzhōu\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中州\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 0, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"lang\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ja\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Japanese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"gloss\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ko\", \"2\": \"^중국(中國)\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"t2\": \"\", \"t3\": \"\", \"t4\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"vi\", \"2\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"tr\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"h\": \"中國\", \"j2\": \"\", \"j2t\": \"\", \"j3\": \"\", \"j3t\": \"\", \"j4\": \"\", \"j4t\": \"\", \"jdesc\": \"\", \"jje2\": \"\", \"jje2t\": \"\", \"jje3\": \"\", \"jje3t\": \"\", \"jje4\": \"\", \"jje4t\": \"\", \"jjedesc\": \"\", \"jjet\": \"\", \"jt\": \"\", \"k2\": \"\", \"k2t\": \"\", \"k3\": \"\", \"k3t\": \"\", \"k4\": \"\", \"k4t\": \"\", \"kdesc\": \"\", \"kt\": \"\", \"o\": \"中國\", \"o2\": \"\", \"o2t\": \"\", \"o3\": \"\", \"o3t\": \"\", \"o4\": \"\", \"o4t\": \"\", \"odesc\": \"\", \"ot\": \"\", \"s\": \"中%国\", \"v\": \"中國\", \"v2\": \"\", \"v2t\": \"\", \"v3\": \"\", \"v3t\": \"\", \"v4\": \"\", \"v4t\": \"\", \"vdesc\": \"\", \"vt\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV/code\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"j\": \"中%国\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV\"}], \"text\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pcc\", \"2\": \"Zungyguef\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"Middle Kingdom\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fi\", \"2\": \"Keskustan valtakunta\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Empire du Milieu\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"Reich der Mitte\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lic\", \"2\": \"Dongxgok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hainanese\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hainanese)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"id\", \"2\": \"Tiongkok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hokkien\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hokkien)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ky\", \"2\": \"Жуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mnc\", \"2\": \"ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mn\", \"2\": \"ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"Reino Médio\", \"3\": \"Reino do Meio\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ii\", \"2\": \"ꍏꇩ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་གོ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"dz\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་ཀོ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ug\", \"2\": \"جۇڭگو\", \"3\": \"Җуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Cyrillic\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Cyrillic)\", \"name\": \"i\"}], \"text\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"wuh\", \"2\": \"zhungo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"Cunghgoz\", \"3\": \"Cungguek\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\"], \"glosses\": [\"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"links\": [[\"royal\", \"royal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"], [\"imperial\", \"imperial\"], [\"household\", \"household\"], [\"government\", \"government\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中國，以綏四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中国，以绥四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中國而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中国而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"links\": [[\"central\", \"central\"], [\"part\", \"part\"], [\"country\", \"country\"], [\"capital city\", \"capital city#English\"], [\"main\", \"main#English\"], [\"region\", \"region#English\"], [\"emperor\", \"emperor#English\"], [\"ruler\", \"ruler#English\"], [\"reside\", \"reside#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"links\": [[\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"people of the Central Plain\"], \"links\": [[\"people\", \"people\"], [\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) people of the Central Plain\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上國\"}, {\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上国\"}, {\"roman\": \"shì\", \"tags\": [\"in-compounds\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"世\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiā\", \"word\": \"公家\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngtíng\", \"word\": \"公庭\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"國家\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"国家\"}, {\"roman\": \"cháotíng\", \"word\": \"朝廷\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángshì\", \"word\": \"王室\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángjiā\", \"word\": \"王家\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángcháo\", \"word\": \"王朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángshì\", \"word\": \"皇室\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángcháo\", \"word\": \"皇朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"國中\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"国中\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngtǔ\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngzhōu\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中州\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 0, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"lang\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ja\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Japanese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"gloss\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ko\", \"2\": \"^중국(中國)\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"t2\": \"\", \"t3\": \"\", \"t4\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"vi\", \"2\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"tr\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"h\": \"中國\", \"j2\": \"\", \"j2t\": \"\", \"j3\": \"\", \"j3t\": \"\", \"j4\": \"\", \"j4t\": \"\", \"jdesc\": \"\", \"jje2\": \"\", \"jje2t\": \"\", \"jje3\": \"\", \"jje3t\": \"\", \"jje4\": \"\", \"jje4t\": \"\", \"jjedesc\": \"\", \"jjet\": \"\", \"jt\": \"\", \"k2\": \"\", \"k2t\": \"\", \"k3\": \"\", \"k3t\": \"\", \"k4\": \"\", \"k4t\": \"\", \"kdesc\": \"\", \"kt\": \"\", \"o\": \"中國\", \"o2\": \"\", \"o2t\": \"\", \"o3\": \"\", \"o3t\": \"\", \"o4\": \"\", \"o4t\": \"\", \"odesc\": \"\", \"ot\": \"\", \"s\": \"中%国\", \"v\": \"中國\", \"v2\": \"\", \"v2t\": \"\", \"v3\": \"\", \"v3t\": \"\", \"v4\": \"\", \"v4t\": \"\", \"vdesc\": \"\", \"vt\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV/code\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"j\": \"中%国\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV\"}], \"text\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pcc\", \"2\": \"Zungyguef\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"Middle Kingdom\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fi\", \"2\": \"Keskustan valtakunta\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Empire du Milieu\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"Reich der Mitte\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lic\", \"2\": \"Dongxgok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hainanese\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hainanese)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"id\", \"2\": \"Tiongkok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hokkien\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hokkien)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ky\", \"2\": \"Жуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mnc\", \"2\": \"ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mn\", \"2\": \"ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"Reino Médio\", \"3\": \"Reino do Meio\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ii\", \"2\": \"ꍏꇩ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་གོ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"dz\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་ཀོ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ug\", \"2\": \"جۇڭگو\", \"3\": \"Җуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Cyrillic\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Cyrillic)\", \"name\": \"i\"}], \"text\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"wuh\", \"2\": \"zhungo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"Cunghgoz\", \"3\": \"Cungguek\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\"], \"glosses\": [\"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"links\": [[\"royal\", \"royal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"], [\"imperial\", \"imperial\"], [\"household\", \"household\"], [\"government\", \"government\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中國，以綏四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中国，以绥四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中國而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中国而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"links\": [[\"central\", \"central\"], [\"part\", \"part\"], [\"country\", \"country\"], [\"capital city\", \"capital city#English\"], [\"main\", \"main#English\"], [\"region\", \"region#English\"], [\"emperor\", \"emperor#English\"], [\"ruler\", \"ruler#English\"], [\"reside\", \"reside#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"links\": [[\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"people of the Central Plain\"], \"links\": [[\"people\", \"people\"], [\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) people of the Central Plain\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上國\"}, {\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上国\"}, {\"roman\": \"shì\", \"tags\": [\"in-compounds\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"世\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiā\", \"word\": \"公家\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngtíng\", \"word\": \"公庭\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"國家\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"国家\"}, {\"roman\": \"cháotíng\", \"word\": \"朝廷\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángshì\", \"word\": \"王室\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángjiā\", \"word\": \"王家\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángcháo\", \"word\": \"王朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángshì\", \"word\": \"皇室\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángcháo\", \"word\": \"皇朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"國中\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"国中\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngtǔ\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngzhōu\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中州\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 0, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"lang\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ja\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Japanese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"gloss\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ko\", \"2\": \"^중국(中國)\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"t2\": \"\", \"t3\": \"\", \"t4\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"vi\", \"2\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"tr\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"h\": \"中國\", \"j2\": \"\", \"j2t\": \"\", \"j3\": \"\", \"j3t\": \"\", \"j4\": \"\", \"j4t\": \"\", \"jdesc\": \"\", \"jje2\": \"\", \"jje2t\": \"\", \"jje3\": \"\", \"jje3t\": \"\", \"jje4\": \"\", \"jje4t\": \"\", \"jjedesc\": \"\", \"jjet\": \"\", \"jt\": \"\", \"k2\": \"\", \"k2t\": \"\", \"k3\": \"\", \"k3t\": \"\", \"k4\": \"\", \"k4t\": \"\", \"kdesc\": \"\", \"kt\": \"\", \"o\": \"中國\", \"o2\": \"\", \"o2t\": \"\", \"o3\": \"\", \"o3t\": \"\", \"o4\": \"\", \"o4t\": \"\", \"odesc\": \"\", \"ot\": \"\", \"s\": \"中%国\", \"v\": \"中國\", \"v2\": \"\", \"v2t\": \"\", \"v3\": \"\", \"v3t\": \"\", \"v4\": \"\", \"v4t\": \"\", \"vdesc\": \"\", \"vt\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV/code\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"j\": \"中%国\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV\"}], \"text\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pcc\", \"2\": \"Zungyguef\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"Middle Kingdom\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fi\", \"2\": \"Keskustan valtakunta\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Empire du Milieu\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"Reich der Mitte\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lic\", \"2\": \"Dongxgok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hainanese\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hainanese)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"id\", \"2\": \"Tiongkok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hokkien\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hokkien)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ky\", \"2\": \"Жуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mnc\", \"2\": \"ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mn\", \"2\": \"ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"Reino Médio\", \"3\": \"Reino do Meio\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ii\", \"2\": \"ꍏꇩ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་གོ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"dz\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་ཀོ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ug\", \"2\": \"جۇڭگو\", \"3\": \"Җуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Cyrillic\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Cyrillic)\", \"name\": \"i\"}], \"text\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"wuh\", \"2\": \"zhungo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"Cunghgoz\", \"3\": \"Cungguek\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\"], \"glosses\": [\"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"links\": [[\"royal\", \"royal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"], [\"imperial\", \"imperial\"], [\"household\", \"household\"], [\"government\", \"government\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中國，以綏四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中国，以绥四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中國而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中国而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"links\": [[\"central\", \"central\"], [\"part\", \"part\"], [\"country\", \"country\"], [\"capital city\", \"capital city#English\"], [\"main\", \"main#English\"], [\"region\", \"region#English\"], [\"emperor\", \"emperor#English\"], [\"ruler\", \"ruler#English\"], [\"reside\", \"reside#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"links\": [[\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"people of the Central Plain\"], \"links\": [[\"people\", \"people\"], [\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) people of the Central Plain\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上國\"}, {\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上国\"}, {\"roman\": \"shì\", \"tags\": [\"in-compounds\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"世\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiā\", \"word\": \"公家\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngtíng\", \"word\": \"公庭\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"國家\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"国家\"}, {\"roman\": \"cháotíng\", \"word\": \"朝廷\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángshì\", \"word\": \"王室\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángjiā\", \"word\": \"王家\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángcháo\", \"word\": \"王朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángshì\", \"word\": \"皇室\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángcháo\", \"word\": \"皇朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"國中\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"国中\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngtǔ\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngzhōu\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中州\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 0, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"lang\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ja\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Japanese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"gloss\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ko\", \"2\": \"^중국(中國)\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"t2\": \"\", \"t3\": \"\", \"t4\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"vi\", \"2\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"tr\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"h\": \"中國\", \"j2\": \"\", \"j2t\": \"\", \"j3\": \"\", \"j3t\": \"\", \"j4\": \"\", \"j4t\": \"\", \"jdesc\": \"\", \"jje2\": \"\", \"jje2t\": \"\", \"jje3\": \"\", \"jje3t\": \"\", \"jje4\": \"\", \"jje4t\": \"\", \"jjedesc\": \"\", \"jjet\": \"\", \"jt\": \"\", \"k2\": \"\", \"k2t\": \"\", \"k3\": \"\", \"k3t\": \"\", \"k4\": \"\", \"k4t\": \"\", \"kdesc\": \"\", \"kt\": \"\", \"o\": \"中國\", \"o2\": \"\", \"o2t\": \"\", \"o3\": \"\", \"o3t\": \"\", \"o4\": \"\", \"o4t\": \"\", \"odesc\": \"\", \"ot\": \"\", \"s\": \"中%国\", \"v\": \"中國\", \"v2\": \"\", \"v2t\": \"\", \"v3\": \"\", \"v3t\": \"\", \"v4\": \"\", \"v4t\": \"\", \"vdesc\": \"\", \"vt\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV/code\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"j\": \"中%国\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV\"}], \"text\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pcc\", \"2\": \"Zungyguef\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"Middle Kingdom\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fi\", \"2\": \"Keskustan valtakunta\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Empire du Milieu\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"Reich der Mitte\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lic\", \"2\": \"Dongxgok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hainanese\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hainanese)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"id\", \"2\": \"Tiongkok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hokkien\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hokkien)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ky\", \"2\": \"Жуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mnc\", \"2\": \"ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mn\", \"2\": \"ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"Reino Médio\", \"3\": \"Reino do Meio\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ii\", \"2\": \"ꍏꇩ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་གོ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"dz\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་ཀོ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ug\", \"2\": \"جۇڭگو\", \"3\": \"Җуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Cyrillic\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Cyrillic)\", \"name\": \"i\"}], \"text\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"wuh\", \"2\": \"zhungo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"Cunghgoz\", \"3\": \"Cungguek\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\"], \"glosses\": [\"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"links\": [[\"royal\", \"royal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"], [\"imperial\", \"imperial\"], [\"household\", \"household\"], [\"government\", \"government\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中國，以綏四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中国，以绥四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中國而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中国而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"links\": [[\"central\", \"central\"], [\"part\", \"part\"], [\"country\", \"country\"], [\"capital city\", \"capital city#English\"], [\"main\", \"main#English\"], [\"region\", \"region#English\"], [\"emperor\", \"emperor#English\"], [\"ruler\", \"ruler#English\"], [\"reside\", \"reside#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"links\": [[\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"people of the Central Plain\"], \"links\": [[\"people\", \"people\"], [\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) people of the Central Plain\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上國\"}, {\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上国\"}, {\"roman\": \"shì\", \"tags\": [\"in-compounds\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"世\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiā\", \"word\": \"公家\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngtíng\", \"word\": \"公庭\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"國家\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"国家\"}, {\"roman\": \"cháotíng\", \"word\": \"朝廷\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángshì\", \"word\": \"王室\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángjiā\", \"word\": \"王家\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángcháo\", \"word\": \"王朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángshì\", \"word\": \"皇室\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángcháo\", \"word\": \"皇朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"國中\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"国中\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngtǔ\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngzhōu\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中州\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 0, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"lang\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ja\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Japanese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"gloss\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ko\", \"2\": \"^중국(中國)\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"t2\": \"\", \"t3\": \"\", \"t4\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"vi\", \"2\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"tr\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"h\": \"中國\", \"j2\": \"\", \"j2t\": \"\", \"j3\": \"\", \"j3t\": \"\", \"j4\": \"\", \"j4t\": \"\", \"jdesc\": \"\", \"jje2\": \"\", \"jje2t\": \"\", \"jje3\": \"\", \"jje3t\": \"\", \"jje4\": \"\", \"jje4t\": \"\", \"jjedesc\": \"\", \"jjet\": \"\", \"jt\": \"\", \"k2\": \"\", \"k2t\": \"\", \"k3\": \"\", \"k3t\": \"\", \"k4\": \"\", \"k4t\": \"\", \"kdesc\": \"\", \"kt\": \"\", \"o\": \"中國\", \"o2\": \"\", \"o2t\": \"\", \"o3\": \"\", \"o3t\": \"\", \"o4\": \"\", \"o4t\": \"\", \"odesc\": \"\", \"ot\": \"\", \"s\": \"中%国\", \"v\": \"中國\", \"v2\": \"\", \"v2t\": \"\", \"v3\": \"\", \"v3t\": \"\", \"v4\": \"\", \"v4t\": \"\", \"vdesc\": \"\", \"vt\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV/code\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"j\": \"中%国\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV\"}], \"text\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pcc\", \"2\": \"Zungyguef\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"Middle Kingdom\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fi\", \"2\": \"Keskustan valtakunta\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Empire du Milieu\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"Reich der Mitte\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lic\", \"2\": \"Dongxgok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hainanese\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hainanese)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"id\", \"2\": \"Tiongkok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hokkien\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hokkien)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ky\", \"2\": \"Жуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mnc\", \"2\": \"ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mn\", \"2\": \"ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"Reino Médio\", \"3\": \"Reino do Meio\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ii\", \"2\": \"ꍏꇩ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་གོ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"dz\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་ཀོ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ug\", \"2\": \"جۇڭگو\", \"3\": \"Җуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Cyrillic\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Cyrillic)\", \"name\": \"i\"}], \"text\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"wuh\", \"2\": \"zhungo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"Cunghgoz\", \"3\": \"Cungguek\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\"], \"glosses\": [\"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"links\": [[\"royal\", \"royal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"], [\"imperial\", \"imperial\"], [\"household\", \"household\"], [\"government\", \"government\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中國，以綏四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中国，以绥四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中國而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中国而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"links\": [[\"central\", \"central\"], [\"part\", \"part\"], [\"country\", \"country\"], [\"capital city\", \"capital city#English\"], [\"main\", \"main#English\"], [\"region\", \"region#English\"], [\"emperor\", \"emperor#English\"], [\"ruler\", \"ruler#English\"], [\"reside\", \"reside#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"links\": [[\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"people of the Central Plain\"], \"links\": [[\"people\", \"people\"], [\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) people of the Central Plain\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上國\"}, {\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上国\"}, {\"roman\": \"shì\", \"tags\": [\"in-compounds\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"世\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiā\", \"word\": \"公家\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngtíng\", \"word\": \"公庭\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"國家\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"国家\"}, {\"roman\": \"cháotíng\", \"word\": \"朝廷\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángshì\", \"word\": \"王室\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángjiā\", \"word\": \"王家\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángcháo\", \"word\": \"王朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángshì\", \"word\": \"皇室\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángcháo\", \"word\": \"皇朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"國中\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"国中\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngtǔ\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngzhōu\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中州\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 0, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"lang\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ja\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Japanese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"gloss\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ko\", \"2\": \"^중국(中國)\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"t2\": \"\", \"t3\": \"\", \"t4\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"vi\", \"2\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"tr\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"h\": \"中國\", \"j2\": \"\", \"j2t\": \"\", \"j3\": \"\", \"j3t\": \"\", \"j4\": \"\", \"j4t\": \"\", \"jdesc\": \"\", \"jje2\": \"\", \"jje2t\": \"\", \"jje3\": \"\", \"jje3t\": \"\", \"jje4\": \"\", \"jje4t\": \"\", \"jjedesc\": \"\", \"jjet\": \"\", \"jt\": \"\", \"k2\": \"\", \"k2t\": \"\", \"k3\": \"\", \"k3t\": \"\", \"k4\": \"\", \"k4t\": \"\", \"kdesc\": \"\", \"kt\": \"\", \"o\": \"中國\", \"o2\": \"\", \"o2t\": \"\", \"o3\": \"\", \"o3t\": \"\", \"o4\": \"\", \"o4t\": \"\", \"odesc\": \"\", \"ot\": \"\", \"s\": \"中%国\", \"v\": \"中國\", \"v2\": \"\", \"v2t\": \"\", \"v3\": \"\", \"v3t\": \"\", \"v4\": \"\", \"v4t\": \"\", \"vdesc\": \"\", \"vt\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV/code\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"j\": \"中%国\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV\"}], \"text\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pcc\", \"2\": \"Zungyguef\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"Middle Kingdom\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fi\", \"2\": \"Keskustan valtakunta\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Empire du Milieu\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"Reich der Mitte\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lic\", \"2\": \"Dongxgok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hainanese\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hainanese)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"id\", \"2\": \"Tiongkok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hokkien\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hokkien)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ky\", \"2\": \"Жуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mnc\", \"2\": \"ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mn\", \"2\": \"ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"Reino Médio\", \"3\": \"Reino do Meio\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ii\", \"2\": \"ꍏꇩ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་གོ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"dz\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་ཀོ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ug\", \"2\": \"جۇڭگو\", \"3\": \"Җуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Cyrillic\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Cyrillic)\", \"name\": \"i\"}], \"text\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"wuh\", \"2\": \"zhungo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"Cunghgoz\", \"3\": \"Cungguek\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\"], \"glosses\": [\"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"links\": [[\"royal\", \"royal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"], [\"imperial\", \"imperial\"], [\"household\", \"household\"], [\"government\", \"government\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中國，以綏四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中国，以绥四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中國而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中国而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"links\": [[\"central\", \"central\"], [\"part\", \"part\"], [\"country\", \"country\"], [\"capital city\", \"capital city#English\"], [\"main\", \"main#English\"], [\"region\", \"region#English\"], [\"emperor\", \"emperor#English\"], [\"ruler\", \"ruler#English\"], [\"reside\", \"reside#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"links\": [[\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"people of the Central Plain\"], \"links\": [[\"people\", \"people\"], [\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) people of the Central Plain\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上國\"}, {\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上国\"}, {\"roman\": \"shì\", \"tags\": [\"in-compounds\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"世\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiā\", \"word\": \"公家\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngtíng\", \"word\": \"公庭\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"國家\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"国家\"}, {\"roman\": \"cháotíng\", \"word\": \"朝廷\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángshì\", \"word\": \"王室\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángjiā\", \"word\": \"王家\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángcháo\", \"word\": \"王朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángshì\", \"word\": \"皇室\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángcháo\", \"word\": \"皇朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"國中\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"国中\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngtǔ\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngzhōu\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中州\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 0, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"lang\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ja\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Japanese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"gloss\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ko\", \"2\": \"^중국(中國)\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"t2\": \"\", \"t3\": \"\", \"t4\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"vi\", \"2\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"tr\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"h\": \"中國\", \"j2\": \"\", \"j2t\": \"\", \"j3\": \"\", \"j3t\": \"\", \"j4\": \"\", \"j4t\": \"\", \"jdesc\": \"\", \"jje2\": \"\", \"jje2t\": \"\", \"jje3\": \"\", \"jje3t\": \"\", \"jje4\": \"\", \"jje4t\": \"\", \"jjedesc\": \"\", \"jjet\": \"\", \"jt\": \"\", \"k2\": \"\", \"k2t\": \"\", \"k3\": \"\", \"k3t\": \"\", \"k4\": \"\", \"k4t\": \"\", \"kdesc\": \"\", \"kt\": \"\", \"o\": \"中國\", \"o2\": \"\", \"o2t\": \"\", \"o3\": \"\", \"o3t\": \"\", \"o4\": \"\", \"o4t\": \"\", \"odesc\": \"\", \"ot\": \"\", \"s\": \"中%国\", \"v\": \"中國\", \"v2\": \"\", \"v2t\": \"\", \"v3\": \"\", \"v3t\": \"\", \"v4\": \"\", \"v4t\": \"\", \"vdesc\": \"\", \"vt\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV/code\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"j\": \"中%国\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV\"}], \"text\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pcc\", \"2\": \"Zungyguef\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"Middle Kingdom\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fi\", \"2\": \"Keskustan valtakunta\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Empire du Milieu\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"Reich der Mitte\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lic\", \"2\": \"Dongxgok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hainanese\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hainanese)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"id\", \"2\": \"Tiongkok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hokkien\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hokkien)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ky\", \"2\": \"Жуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mnc\", \"2\": \"ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mn\", \"2\": \"ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"Reino Médio\", \"3\": \"Reino do Meio\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ii\", \"2\": \"ꍏꇩ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་གོ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"dz\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་ཀོ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ug\", \"2\": \"جۇڭگو\", \"3\": \"Җуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Cyrillic\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Cyrillic)\", \"name\": \"i\"}], \"text\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"wuh\", \"2\": \"zhungo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"Cunghgoz\", \"3\": \"Cungguek\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\"], \"glosses\": [\"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"links\": [[\"royal\", \"royal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"], [\"imperial\", \"imperial\"], [\"household\", \"household\"], [\"government\", \"government\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中國，以綏四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中国，以绥四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中國而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中国而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"links\": [[\"central\", \"central\"], [\"part\", \"part\"], [\"country\", \"country\"], [\"capital city\", \"capital city#English\"], [\"main\", \"main#English\"], [\"region\", \"region#English\"], [\"emperor\", \"emperor#English\"], [\"ruler\", \"ruler#English\"], [\"reside\", \"reside#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"links\": [[\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"people of the Central Plain\"], \"links\": [[\"people\", \"people\"], [\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) people of the Central Plain\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上國\"}, {\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上国\"}, {\"roman\": \"shì\", \"tags\": [\"in-compounds\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"世\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiā\", \"word\": \"公家\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngtíng\", \"word\": \"公庭\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"國家\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"国家\"}, {\"roman\": \"cháotíng\", \"word\": \"朝廷\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángshì\", \"word\": \"王室\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángjiā\", \"word\": \"王家\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángcháo\", \"word\": \"王朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángshì\", \"word\": \"皇室\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángcháo\", \"word\": \"皇朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"國中\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"国中\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngtǔ\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngzhōu\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中州\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 0, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"lang\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ja\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Japanese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"gloss\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ko\", \"2\": \"^중국(中國)\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"t2\": \"\", \"t3\": \"\", \"t4\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"vi\", \"2\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"tr\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"h\": \"中國\", \"j2\": \"\", \"j2t\": \"\", \"j3\": \"\", \"j3t\": \"\", \"j4\": \"\", \"j4t\": \"\", \"jdesc\": \"\", \"jje2\": \"\", \"jje2t\": \"\", \"jje3\": \"\", \"jje3t\": \"\", \"jje4\": \"\", \"jje4t\": \"\", \"jjedesc\": \"\", \"jjet\": \"\", \"jt\": \"\", \"k2\": \"\", \"k2t\": \"\", \"k3\": \"\", \"k3t\": \"\", \"k4\": \"\", \"k4t\": \"\", \"kdesc\": \"\", \"kt\": \"\", \"o\": \"中國\", \"o2\": \"\", \"o2t\": \"\", \"o3\": \"\", \"o3t\": \"\", \"o4\": \"\", \"o4t\": \"\", \"odesc\": \"\", \"ot\": \"\", \"s\": \"中%国\", \"v\": \"中國\", \"v2\": \"\", \"v2t\": \"\", \"v3\": \"\", \"v3t\": \"\", \"v4\": \"\", \"v4t\": \"\", \"vdesc\": \"\", \"vt\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV/code\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"j\": \"中%国\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV\"}], \"text\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pcc\", \"2\": \"Zungyguef\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"Middle Kingdom\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fi\", \"2\": \"Keskustan valtakunta\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Empire du Milieu\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"Reich der Mitte\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lic\", \"2\": \"Dongxgok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hainanese\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hainanese)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"id\", \"2\": \"Tiongkok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hokkien\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hokkien)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ky\", \"2\": \"Жуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mnc\", \"2\": \"ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mn\", \"2\": \"ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"Reino Médio\", \"3\": \"Reino do Meio\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ii\", \"2\": \"ꍏꇩ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་གོ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"dz\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་ཀོ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ug\", \"2\": \"جۇڭگو\", \"3\": \"Җуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Cyrillic\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Cyrillic)\", \"name\": \"i\"}], \"text\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"wuh\", \"2\": \"zhungo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"Cunghgoz\", \"3\": \"Cungguek\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\"], \"glosses\": [\"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"links\": [[\"royal\", \"royal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"], [\"imperial\", \"imperial\"], [\"household\", \"household\"], [\"government\", \"government\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中國，以綏四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中国，以绥四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中國而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中国而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"links\": [[\"central\", \"central\"], [\"part\", \"part\"], [\"country\", \"country\"], [\"capital city\", \"capital city#English\"], [\"main\", \"main#English\"], [\"region\", \"region#English\"], [\"emperor\", \"emperor#English\"], [\"ruler\", \"ruler#English\"], [\"reside\", \"reside#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"links\": [[\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"people of the Central Plain\"], \"links\": [[\"people\", \"people\"], [\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) people of the Central Plain\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上國\"}, {\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上国\"}, {\"roman\": \"shì\", \"tags\": [\"in-compounds\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"世\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiā\", \"word\": \"公家\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngtíng\", \"word\": \"公庭\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"國家\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"国家\"}, {\"roman\": \"cháotíng\", \"word\": \"朝廷\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángshì\", \"word\": \"王室\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángjiā\", \"word\": \"王家\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángcháo\", \"word\": \"王朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángshì\", \"word\": \"皇室\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángcháo\", \"word\": \"皇朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"國中\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"国中\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngtǔ\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngzhōu\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中州\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 0, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"lang\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ja\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Japanese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"gloss\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ko\", \"2\": \"^중국(中國)\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"t2\": \"\", \"t3\": \"\", \"t4\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"vi\", \"2\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"tr\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"h\": \"中國\", \"j2\": \"\", \"j2t\": \"\", \"j3\": \"\", \"j3t\": \"\", \"j4\": \"\", \"j4t\": \"\", \"jdesc\": \"\", \"jje2\": \"\", \"jje2t\": \"\", \"jje3\": \"\", \"jje3t\": \"\", \"jje4\": \"\", \"jje4t\": \"\", \"jjedesc\": \"\", \"jjet\": \"\", \"jt\": \"\", \"k2\": \"\", \"k2t\": \"\", \"k3\": \"\", \"k3t\": \"\", \"k4\": \"\", \"k4t\": \"\", \"kdesc\": \"\", \"kt\": \"\", \"o\": \"中國\", \"o2\": \"\", \"o2t\": \"\", \"o3\": \"\", \"o3t\": \"\", \"o4\": \"\", \"o4t\": \"\", \"odesc\": \"\", \"ot\": \"\", \"s\": \"中%国\", \"v\": \"中國\", \"v2\": \"\", \"v2t\": \"\", \"v3\": \"\", \"v3t\": \"\", \"v4\": \"\", \"v4t\": \"\", \"vdesc\": \"\", \"vt\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV/code\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"j\": \"中%国\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV\"}], \"text\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pcc\", \"2\": \"Zungyguef\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"Middle Kingdom\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fi\", \"2\": \"Keskustan valtakunta\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Empire du Milieu\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"Reich der Mitte\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lic\", \"2\": \"Dongxgok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hainanese\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hainanese)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"id\", \"2\": \"Tiongkok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hokkien\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hokkien)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ky\", \"2\": \"Жуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mnc\", \"2\": \"ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mn\", \"2\": \"ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"Reino Médio\", \"3\": \"Reino do Meio\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ii\", \"2\": \"ꍏꇩ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་གོ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"dz\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་ཀོ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ug\", \"2\": \"جۇڭگو\", \"3\": \"Җуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Cyrillic\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Cyrillic)\", \"name\": \"i\"}], \"text\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"wuh\", \"2\": \"zhungo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"Cunghgoz\", \"3\": \"Cungguek\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\"], \"glosses\": [\"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"links\": [[\"royal\", \"royal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"], [\"imperial\", \"imperial\"], [\"household\", \"household\"], [\"government\", \"government\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中國，以綏四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中国，以绥四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中國而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中国而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"links\": [[\"central\", \"central\"], [\"part\", \"part\"], [\"country\", \"country\"], [\"capital city\", \"capital city#English\"], [\"main\", \"main#English\"], [\"region\", \"region#English\"], [\"emperor\", \"emperor#English\"], [\"ruler\", \"ruler#English\"], [\"reside\", \"reside#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"links\": [[\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"people of the Central Plain\"], \"links\": [[\"people\", \"people\"], [\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) people of the Central Plain\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上國\"}, {\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上国\"}, {\"roman\": \"shì\", \"tags\": [\"in-compounds\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"世\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiā\", \"word\": \"公家\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngtíng\", \"word\": \"公庭\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"國家\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"国家\"}, {\"roman\": \"cháotíng\", \"word\": \"朝廷\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángshì\", \"word\": \"王室\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángjiā\", \"word\": \"王家\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángcháo\", \"word\": \"王朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángshì\", \"word\": \"皇室\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángcháo\", \"word\": \"皇朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"國中\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"国中\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngtǔ\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngzhōu\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中州\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 0, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"lang\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ja\", \"2\": \"-\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Japanese:\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"gloss\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ko\", \"2\": \"^중국(中國)\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"t2\": \"\", \"t3\": \"\", \"t4\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"vi\", \"2\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"bor\": \"1\", \"t\": \"\", \"tr\": \"中國\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"5\": \"\", \"6\": \"\", \"h\": \"中國\", \"j2\": \"\", \"j2t\": \"\", \"j3\": \"\", \"j3t\": \"\", \"j4\": \"\", \"j4t\": \"\", \"jdesc\": \"\", \"jje2\": \"\", \"jje2t\": \"\", \"jje3\": \"\", \"jje3t\": \"\", \"jje4\": \"\", \"jje4t\": \"\", \"jjedesc\": \"\", \"jjet\": \"\", \"jt\": \"\", \"k2\": \"\", \"k2t\": \"\", \"k3\": \"\", \"k3t\": \"\", \"k4\": \"\", \"k4t\": \"\", \"kdesc\": \"\", \"kt\": \"\", \"o\": \"中國\", \"o2\": \"\", \"o2t\": \"\", \"o3\": \"\", \"o3t\": \"\", \"o4\": \"\", \"o4t\": \"\", \"odesc\": \"\", \"ot\": \"\", \"s\": \"中%国\", \"v\": \"中國\", \"v2\": \"\", \"v2t\": \"\", \"v3\": \"\", \"v3t\": \"\", \"v4\": \"\", \"v4t\": \"\", \"vdesc\": \"\", \"vt\": \"\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV/code\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\", \"3\": \"^중국\", \"4\": \"Trung Quốc\", \"j\": \"中%国\"}, \"expansion\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\", \"name\": \"CJKV\"}], \"text\": \"Sino-Xenic (中國):\\n* → Japanese: 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\\n* → Korean: 중국(中國) (Jungguk)\\n* → Vietnamese: Trung Quốc (中國)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pcc\", \"2\": \"Zungyguef\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Bouyei: Zungyguef\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"Middle Kingdom\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ English: Middle Kingdom (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fi\", \"2\": \"Keskustan valtakunta\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Finnish: Keskustan valtakunta (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"Empire du Milieu\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ French: Empire du Milieu (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"Reich der Mitte\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ German: Reich der Mitte (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"lic\", \"2\": \"Dongxgok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hainanese\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hainanese)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Hlai: Dongxgok (via Hainanese)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"id\", \"2\": \"Tiongkok\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"via Hokkien\"}, \"expansion\": \"(via Hokkien)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Indonesian: Tiongkok (via Hokkien)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ky\", \"2\": \"Жуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Kyrgyz: Жуңго (Juŋgo)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"khb\", \"2\": \"ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Lü: ᦷᦋᧂᧈᦷᦅᧉ (tsong¹ko²)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mnc\", \"2\": \"ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Manchu: ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠮᠪᠠᡳ\\nᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ (dulimbai gurun) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"mn\", \"2\": \"ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Mongolian: ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ\\nᠤᠯᠤᠰ (dumdadu ulus) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"Reino Médio\", \"3\": \"Reino do Meio\", \"cal\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"calque\"}, \"expansion\": \"(calque)\", \"name\": \"q\"}], \"text\": \"→ Portuguese: Reino Médio, Reino do Meio (calque) (calque)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ii\", \"2\": \"ꍏꇩ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Nuosu: ꍏꇩ (zho guop)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"bo\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་གོ\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Tibetan: ཀྲུང་གོ (krung go)\"}, {\"depth\": 2, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"dz\", \"2\": \"ཀྲུང་ཀོ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Dzongkha: ཀྲུང་ཀོ (krung ko)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"ug\", \"2\": \"جۇڭگو\", \"3\": \"Җуңго\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo)\", \"name\": \"desc\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Cyrillic\"}, \"expansion\": \"(Cyrillic)\", \"name\": \"i\"}], \"text\": \"→ Uyghur: جۇڭگو (junggo), Җуңго (Junggo) (Cyrillic)\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"wuh\", \"2\": \"zhungo\"}, \"expansion\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"Wutunhua: zhungo\"}, {\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"za\", \"2\": \"Cunghgoz\", \"3\": \"Cungguek\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Zhuang: Cunghgoz, Cungguek\"}], \"etymology_examples\": [{\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷吿于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"When King Wu conquered the great city Shang, he then made reverent declarations to Heaven, saying: \\\"Let me dwell in this, the central region, and from here govern the people.\\\"\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" He zun inscription, translated by Pankenier (2013)\", \"roman\": \"Wéi Wǔwáng jì kè Dàyìshāng, zé tíng gào yú Tiān, yuē: yú qí zhái zī Zhōngguó, zì zhī yì mín.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"隹珷王既克大邑商，𠟭廷告于天，曰：余𠀠宅𢆶𠁩或，自之辥民。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"etymology_number\": 1, \"etymology_text\": \"Earliest attested on the Western Zhou bronze vessel He zun. See Names of China#Zhongguo.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\"], \"glosses\": [\"royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"links\": [[\"royal\", \"royal\"], [\"court\", \"court\"], [\"imperial\", \"imperial\"], [\"household\", \"household\"], [\"government\", \"government\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) royal court; imperial court; imperial household; imperial government\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中國，以綏四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Let us cherish this centre of the kingdom,\\nTo secure the repose of the four quarters of it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Pre-Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Huì cǐ zhōngguó, yǐ suí sìfāng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"惠此中国，以绥四方。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中國而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I wish to give Mencius a house, somewhere in the middle of the kingdom.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\", \"roman\": \"Wǒ yù zhōngguó ér shòu Mèngzǐ shì.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"我欲中国而授孟子室。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"links\": [[\"central\", \"central\"], [\"part\", \"part\"], [\"country\", \"country\"], [\"capital city\", \"capital city#English\"], [\"main\", \"main#English\"], [\"region\", \"region#English\"], [\"emperor\", \"emperor#English\"], [\"ruler\", \"ruler#English\"], [\"reside\", \"reside#English\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) central part of a country (historically, commonly known as the capital city or the main region, where an emperor or other ruler resides)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中國而撫四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"You wish to enlarge your territories, to have Qin and Chu wait at your court, to rule the Middle Kingdom, and to attract to you the barbarous tribes that surround it.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE\", \"roman\": \"Yù pì tǔdì, cháo Qín Chǔ, lì Zhōngguó ér fǔ sìyí yě.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"欲辟土地，朝秦楚，莅中国而抚四夷也。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾聞中國之君子，明乎禮義而陋於知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"I have heard that the superior men of these Middle States understand the (subjects of) ceremony and righteousness, but are deplorably ignorant of the minds of men.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE\", \"roman\": \"Wú wén Zhōngguó zhī jūnzǐ, míng hū lǐyì ér lòu yú zhī rénxīn.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"吾闻中国之君子，明乎礼义而陋于知人心。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中國；若使阡陌條暢，則一覽而盡。故紆餘委曲，若不可測。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5ᵗʰ century CE\", \"roman\": \"Jiāngzuǒ dì cù, bùrú Zhōngguó; ruò shǐ qiānmò tiáochàng, zé yī lǎn ér jìn. Gù yūyú wěiqū, ruò bùkě cè.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"江左地促，不如中国；若使阡陌条畅，则一览而尽。故纡余委曲，若不可测。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"links\": [[\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) the Central Plain (area on the lower reaches of the Yellow River which formed the cradle of Chinese civilization)\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"Requests for translations of Literary Chinese usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立劉豫於河南，蓋欲荼毒中原，以中國攻中國。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"raw_tags\": [\"Literary Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 1345 CE, Toqto'a (lead editor), History of Song\", \"roman\": \"Jīn rén suǒyǐ lì Liú Yù yú Hénán, gài yù túdú Zhōngyuán, yǐ Zhōngguó gōng Zhōngguó.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"金人所以立刘豫于河南，盖欲荼毒中原，以中国攻中国。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"people of the Central Plain\"], \"links\": [[\"people\", \"people\"], [\"Central Plain\", \"Central Plain\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Classical) people of the Central Plain\"], \"tags\": [\"Classical\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上國\"}, {\"english\": \"as termed by vassal states\", \"roman\": \"shàngguó\", \"word\": \"上国\"}, {\"roman\": \"shì\", \"tags\": [\"in-compounds\", \"literary\"], \"word\": \"世\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngjiā\", \"word\": \"公家\"}, {\"roman\": \"gōngtíng\", \"word\": \"公庭\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"國家\"}, {\"roman\": \"guójiā\", \"tags\": [\"Classical-Chinese\"], \"word\": \"国家\"}, {\"roman\": \"cháotíng\", \"word\": \"朝廷\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángshì\", \"word\": \"王室\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángjiā\", \"word\": \"王家\"}, {\"roman\": \"wángcháo\", \"word\": \"王朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángshì\", \"word\": \"皇室\"}, {\"roman\": \"huángcháo\", \"word\": \"皇朝\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"國中\"}, {\"roman\": \"guózhōng\", \"sense\": \"central part of a country\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"国中\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngtǔ\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中土\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngyuán\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中原\"}, {\"roman\": \"Zhōngzhōu\", \"sense\": \"the Central Plain\", \"word\": \"中州\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"He zun\", \"King Wu of Zhou\", \"Names of China#Zhongguo\", \"Western Zhou\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese\", \"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"ja\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese\", \"name\": \"obor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"zh\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Chinese\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"the central part of a country\", \"id\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)\", \"name\": \"ltc-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Chūgoku region of Japan\"], \"links\": [[\"～地方\", \"中國地方#Chinese\"], [\"地區\", \"地區#Chinese\"], [\"Chūgoku\", \"Chūgoku\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese\", \"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"ja\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese\", \"name\": \"obor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"zh\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Chinese\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"the central part of a country\", \"id\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)\", \"name\": \"ltc-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Chūgoku region of Japan\"], \"links\": [[\"～地方\", \"中國地方#Chinese\"], [\"地區\", \"地區#Chinese\"], [\"Chūgoku\", \"Chūgoku\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese\", \"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"ja\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese\", \"name\": \"obor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"zh\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Chinese\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"the central part of a country\", \"id\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)\", \"name\": \"ltc-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Chūgoku region of Japan\"], \"links\": [[\"～地方\", \"中國地方#Chinese\"], [\"地區\", \"地區#Chinese\"], [\"Chūgoku\", \"Chūgoku\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese\", \"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"ja\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese\", \"name\": \"obor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"zh\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Chinese\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"the central part of a country\", \"id\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)\", \"name\": \"ltc-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Chūgoku region of Japan\"], \"links\": [[\"～地方\", \"中國地方#Chinese\"], [\"地區\", \"地區#Chinese\"], [\"Chūgoku\", \"Chūgoku\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese\", \"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"ja\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese\", \"name\": \"obor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"zh\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Chinese\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"the central part of a country\", \"id\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)\", \"name\": \"ltc-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Chūgoku region of Japan\"], \"links\": [[\"～地方\", \"中國地方#Chinese\"], [\"地區\", \"地區#Chinese\"], [\"Chūgoku\", \"Chūgoku\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese\", \"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"ja\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese\", \"name\": \"obor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"zh\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Chinese\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"the central part of a country\", \"id\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)\", \"name\": \"ltc-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Chūgoku region of Japan\"], \"links\": [[\"～地方\", \"中國地方#Chinese\"], [\"地區\", \"地區#Chinese\"], [\"Chūgoku\", \"Chūgoku\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese\", \"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"ja\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese\", \"name\": \"obor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"zh\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Chinese\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"the central part of a country\", \"id\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)\", \"name\": \"ltc-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Chūgoku region of Japan\"], \"links\": [[\"～地方\", \"中國地方#Chinese\"], [\"地區\", \"地區#Chinese\"], [\"Chūgoku\", \"Chūgoku\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese\", \"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"ja\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese\", \"name\": \"obor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"zh\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Chinese\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"the central part of a country\", \"id\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)\", \"name\": \"ltc-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Chūgoku region of Japan\"], \"links\": [[\"～地方\", \"中國地方#Chinese\"], [\"地區\", \"地區#Chinese\"], [\"Chūgoku\", \"Chūgoku\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese\", \"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"ja\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese\", \"name\": \"obor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"zh\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Chinese\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"the central part of a country\", \"id\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)\", \"name\": \"ltc-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Chūgoku region of Japan\"], \"links\": [[\"～地方\", \"中國地方#Chinese\"], [\"地區\", \"地區#Chinese\"], [\"Chūgoku\", \"Chūgoku\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese\", \"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"ja\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese\", \"name\": \"obor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"zh\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Chinese\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"the central part of a country\", \"id\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)\", \"name\": \"ltc-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Chūgoku region of Japan\"], \"links\": [[\"～地方\", \"中國地方#Chinese\"], [\"地區\", \"地區#Chinese\"], [\"Chūgoku\", \"Chūgoku\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/name: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms borrowed back into Chinese\", \"Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Japanese\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 2, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"ja\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese\", \"name\": \"obor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中%国\", \"2\": \"^ちゅう%ごく\"}, \"expansion\": \"中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku)\", \"name\": \"ja-r\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"zh\", \"3\": \"-\"}, \"expansion\": \"Chinese\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"中國\", \"2\": \"the central part of a country\", \"id\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”)\", \"name\": \"ltc-l\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 中(ちゅう)国(ごく) (Chūgoku), from Chinese 中國 (MC trjuwng kwok, “the central part of a country”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"proper noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"name\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Mandarin terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"這裡的中國是指日本的中國地方，即指本州西部的岡山、廣島、山口、島根、鳥取5縣。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Here, 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó) refers to the Chūgoku region of Japan, or the five prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Shimane, and Tottori that lay in the western region of Honshū.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"MSC\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 2004, 于沛, 中国社会科学院世界历史研究所学术论文集（1964-2004）：古代中世纪卷https://books.google.com/books?id=A3NsAAAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9+%E4%B9%9D%E5%B7%9E+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC&ved=0ahUKEwisqLmq0eHTAhVT62MKHWsqDAo4WhDoAQhWMAg\", \"roman\": \"Zhōngguó\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"这里的中国是指日本的中国地方，即指本州西部的冈山、广岛、山口、岛根、鸟取5县。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"the Chūgoku region of Japan\"], \"links\": [[\"～地方\", \"中國地方#Chinese\"], [\"地區\", \"地區#Chinese\"], [\"Chūgoku\", \"Chūgoku\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(～地方, ～地區) the Chūgoku region of Japan\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "name",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Hong-Kong not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sa\", \"3\": \"मध्यदेशे\", \"g\": \"m-s\", \"lit\": \"in the Middle Country\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)\", \"name\": \"semantic loan\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Karashima, 2010\"}, \"expansion\": \"Karashima, 2010\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"邊地\", \"2\": \"borderlands; frontiers\"}, \"expansion\": \"邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)\", \"name\": \"zh-m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sa-bhs\", \"2\": \"प्रत्यन्तिम\"}, \"expansion\": \"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"paccantima\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali paccantima\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"majjhimesu janapadesu\", \"lit\": \"in the middlemost countries\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"zh:Buddhism\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩薩受生必在中國，利根智慧言詞辯了，善知語義是佛法器，善知沙門、婆羅門等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩萨受生必在中国，利根智慧言词辩了，善知语义是佛法器，善知沙门、婆罗门等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"\\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"links\": [[\"Buddhism\", \"Buddhism\"], [\"civilization\", \"civilization\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Buddhism) \\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"topics\": [\"Buddhism\", \"lifestyle\", \"religion\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Abhidharmakośakārikā\", \"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā\", \"Ekottara Āgama\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Hanyu-Pinyin not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sa\", \"3\": \"मध्यदेशे\", \"g\": \"m-s\", \"lit\": \"in the Middle Country\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)\", \"name\": \"semantic loan\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Karashima, 2010\"}, \"expansion\": \"Karashima, 2010\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"邊地\", \"2\": \"borderlands; frontiers\"}, \"expansion\": \"邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)\", \"name\": \"zh-m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sa-bhs\", \"2\": \"प्रत्यन्तिम\"}, \"expansion\": \"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"paccantima\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali paccantima\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"majjhimesu janapadesu\", \"lit\": \"in the middlemost countries\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"zh:Buddhism\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩薩受生必在中國，利根智慧言詞辯了，善知語義是佛法器，善知沙門、婆羅門等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩萨受生必在中国，利根智慧言词辩了，善知语义是佛法器，善知沙门、婆罗门等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"\\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"links\": [[\"Buddhism\", \"Buddhism\"], [\"civilization\", \"civilization\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Buddhism) \\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"topics\": [\"Buddhism\", \"lifestyle\", \"religion\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Abhidharmakośakārikā\", \"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā\", \"Ekottara Āgama\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sa\", \"3\": \"मध्यदेशे\", \"g\": \"m-s\", \"lit\": \"in the Middle Country\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)\", \"name\": \"semantic loan\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Karashima, 2010\"}, \"expansion\": \"Karashima, 2010\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"邊地\", \"2\": \"borderlands; frontiers\"}, \"expansion\": \"邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)\", \"name\": \"zh-m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sa-bhs\", \"2\": \"प्रत्यन्तिम\"}, \"expansion\": \"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"paccantima\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali paccantima\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"majjhimesu janapadesu\", \"lit\": \"in the middlemost countries\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"zh:Buddhism\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩薩受生必在中國，利根智慧言詞辯了，善知語義是佛法器，善知沙門、婆羅門等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩萨受生必在中国，利根智慧言词辩了，善知语义是佛法器，善知沙门、婆罗门等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"\\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"links\": [[\"Buddhism\", \"Buddhism\"], [\"civilization\", \"civilization\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Buddhism) \\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"topics\": [\"Buddhism\", \"lifestyle\", \"religion\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Abhidharmakośakārikā\", \"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā\", \"Ekottara Āgama\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sa\", \"3\": \"मध्यदेशे\", \"g\": \"m-s\", \"lit\": \"in the Middle Country\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)\", \"name\": \"semantic loan\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Karashima, 2010\"}, \"expansion\": \"Karashima, 2010\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"邊地\", \"2\": \"borderlands; frontiers\"}, \"expansion\": \"邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)\", \"name\": \"zh-m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sa-bhs\", \"2\": \"प्रत्यन्तिम\"}, \"expansion\": \"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"paccantima\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali paccantima\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"majjhimesu janapadesu\", \"lit\": \"in the middlemost countries\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"zh:Buddhism\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩薩受生必在中國，利根智慧言詞辯了，善知語義是佛法器，善知沙門、婆羅門等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩萨受生必在中国，利根智慧言词辩了，善知语义是佛法器，善知沙门、婆罗门等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"\\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"links\": [[\"Buddhism\", \"Buddhism\"], [\"civilization\", \"civilization\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Buddhism) \\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"topics\": [\"Buddhism\", \"lifestyle\", \"religion\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Abhidharmakośakārikā\", \"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā\", \"Ekottara Āgama\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sa\", \"3\": \"मध्यदेशे\", \"g\": \"m-s\", \"lit\": \"in the Middle Country\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)\", \"name\": \"semantic loan\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Karashima, 2010\"}, \"expansion\": \"Karashima, 2010\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"邊地\", \"2\": \"borderlands; frontiers\"}, \"expansion\": \"邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)\", \"name\": \"zh-m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sa-bhs\", \"2\": \"प्रत्यन्तिम\"}, \"expansion\": \"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"paccantima\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali paccantima\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"majjhimesu janapadesu\", \"lit\": \"in the middlemost countries\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"zh:Buddhism\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩薩受生必在中國，利根智慧言詞辯了，善知語義是佛法器，善知沙門、婆羅門等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩萨受生必在中国，利根智慧言词辩了，善知语义是佛法器，善知沙门、婆罗门等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"\\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"links\": [[\"Buddhism\", \"Buddhism\"], [\"civilization\", \"civilization\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Buddhism) \\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"topics\": [\"Buddhism\", \"lifestyle\", \"religion\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Abhidharmakośakārikā\", \"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā\", \"Ekottara Āgama\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sa\", \"3\": \"मध्यदेशे\", \"g\": \"m-s\", \"lit\": \"in the Middle Country\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)\", \"name\": \"semantic loan\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Karashima, 2010\"}, \"expansion\": \"Karashima, 2010\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"邊地\", \"2\": \"borderlands; frontiers\"}, \"expansion\": \"邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)\", \"name\": \"zh-m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sa-bhs\", \"2\": \"प्रत्यन्तिम\"}, \"expansion\": \"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"paccantima\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali paccantima\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"majjhimesu janapadesu\", \"lit\": \"in the middlemost countries\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"zh:Buddhism\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩薩受生必在中國，利根智慧言詞辯了，善知語義是佛法器，善知沙門、婆羅門等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩萨受生必在中国，利根智慧言词辩了，善知语义是佛法器，善知沙门、婆罗门等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"\\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"links\": [[\"Buddhism\", \"Buddhism\"], [\"civilization\", \"civilization\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Buddhism) \\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"topics\": [\"Buddhism\", \"lifestyle\", \"religion\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Abhidharmakośakārikā\", \"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā\", \"Ekottara Āgama\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Puxian-Min not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sa\", \"3\": \"मध्यदेशे\", \"g\": \"m-s\", \"lit\": \"in the Middle Country\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)\", \"name\": \"semantic loan\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Karashima, 2010\"}, \"expansion\": \"Karashima, 2010\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"邊地\", \"2\": \"borderlands; frontiers\"}, \"expansion\": \"邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)\", \"name\": \"zh-m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sa-bhs\", \"2\": \"प्रत्यन्तिम\"}, \"expansion\": \"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"paccantima\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali paccantima\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"majjhimesu janapadesu\", \"lit\": \"in the middlemost countries\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"zh:Buddhism\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩薩受生必在中國，利根智慧言詞辯了，善知語義是佛法器，善知沙門、婆羅門等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩萨受生必在中国，利根智慧言词辩了，善知语义是佛法器，善知沙门、婆罗门等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"\\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"links\": [[\"Buddhism\", \"Buddhism\"], [\"civilization\", \"civilization\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Buddhism) \\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"topics\": [\"Buddhism\", \"lifestyle\", \"religion\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Abhidharmakośakārikā\", \"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā\", \"Ekottara Āgama\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Middle-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sa\", \"3\": \"मध्यदेशे\", \"g\": \"m-s\", \"lit\": \"in the Middle Country\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)\", \"name\": \"semantic loan\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Karashima, 2010\"}, \"expansion\": \"Karashima, 2010\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"邊地\", \"2\": \"borderlands; frontiers\"}, \"expansion\": \"邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)\", \"name\": \"zh-m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sa-bhs\", \"2\": \"प्रत्यन्तिम\"}, \"expansion\": \"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"paccantima\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali paccantima\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"majjhimesu janapadesu\", \"lit\": \"in the middlemost countries\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"zh:Buddhism\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩薩受生必在中國，利根智慧言詞辯了，善知語義是佛法器，善知沙門、婆羅門等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩萨受生必在中国，利根智慧言词辩了，善知语义是佛法器，善知沙门、婆罗门等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"\\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"links\": [[\"Buddhism\", \"Buddhism\"], [\"civilization\", \"civilization\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Buddhism) \\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"topics\": [\"Buddhism\", \"lifestyle\", \"religion\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Abhidharmakośakārikā\", \"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā\", \"Ekottara Āgama\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Baxter-Sagart not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sa\", \"3\": \"मध्यदेशे\", \"g\": \"m-s\", \"lit\": \"in the Middle Country\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)\", \"name\": \"semantic loan\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Karashima, 2010\"}, \"expansion\": \"Karashima, 2010\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"邊地\", \"2\": \"borderlands; frontiers\"}, \"expansion\": \"邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)\", \"name\": \"zh-m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sa-bhs\", \"2\": \"प्रत्यन्तिम\"}, \"expansion\": \"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"paccantima\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali paccantima\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"majjhimesu janapadesu\", \"lit\": \"in the middlemost countries\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"zh:Buddhism\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩薩受生必在中國，利根智慧言詞辯了，善知語義是佛法器，善知沙門、婆羅門等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩萨受生必在中国，利根智慧言词辩了，善知语义是佛法器，善知沙门、婆罗门等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"\\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"links\": [[\"Buddhism\", \"Buddhism\"], [\"civilization\", \"civilization\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Buddhism) \\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"topics\": [\"Buddhism\", \"lifestyle\", \"religion\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Abhidharmakośakārikā\", \"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā\", \"Ekottara Āgama\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sa\", \"3\": \"मध्यदेशे\", \"g\": \"m-s\", \"lit\": \"in the Middle Country\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)\", \"name\": \"semantic loan\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Karashima, 2010\"}, \"expansion\": \"Karashima, 2010\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"邊地\", \"2\": \"borderlands; frontiers\"}, \"expansion\": \"邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)\", \"name\": \"zh-m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sa-bhs\", \"2\": \"प्रत्यन्तिम\"}, \"expansion\": \"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"paccantima\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali paccantima\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"majjhimesu janapadesu\", \"lit\": \"in the middlemost countries\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"zh:Buddhism\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩薩受生必在中國，利根智慧言詞辯了，善知語義是佛法器，善知沙門、婆羅門等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩萨受生必在中国，利根智慧言词辩了，善知语义是佛法器，善知沙门、婆罗门等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"\\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"links\": [[\"Buddhism\", \"Buddhism\"], [\"civilization\", \"civilization\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Buddhism) \\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"topics\": [\"Buddhism\", \"lifestyle\", \"religion\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Abhidharmakośakārikā\", \"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā\", \"Ekottara Āgama\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "中國/Chinese/noun: invalid uppercase tag Old-Chinese not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Chinese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Chinese lemmas\", \"Chinese nouns\", \"Chinese proper nouns\", \"Chinese semantic loans from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms derived from Sanskrit\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 中\", \"Chinese terms spelled with 國\", \"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"Eastern Min lemmas\", \"Eastern Min nouns\", \"Eastern Min proper nouns\", \"Eastern Min terms with audio pronunciation\", \"Middle Chinese lemmas\", \"Middle Chinese nouns\", \"Middle Chinese proper nouns\", \"Old Chinese lemmas\", \"Old Chinese nouns\", \"Old Chinese proper nouns\", \"Pages with 6 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Gan entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Jin entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Northern Min entries\", \"Requests for pronunciation in Xiang entries\"], \"etymology_number\": 3, \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"sa\", \"3\": \"मध्यदेशे\", \"g\": \"m-s\", \"lit\": \"in the Middle Country\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”)\", \"name\": \"semantic loan\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"Karashima, 2010\"}, \"expansion\": \"Karashima, 2010\", \"name\": \"zh-ref\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"邊地\", \"2\": \"borderlands; frontiers\"}, \"expansion\": \"邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”)\", \"name\": \"zh-m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sa-bhs\", \"2\": \"प्रत्यन्तिम\"}, \"expansion\": \"Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima)\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"paccantima\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali paccantima\", \"name\": \"noncog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pi\", \"2\": \"majjhimesu janapadesu\", \"lit\": \"in the middlemost countries\", \"pos\": \"locative\"}, \"expansion\": \"Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Semantic loan from Sanskrit मध्यदेशे m sg (madhyadeśe, locative, literally “in the Middle Country”) (Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā; see Karashima, 2010) or मध्येषु जनपदेषु m pl (madhyeṣu janapadeṣu, “in [the] central countries”) (Abhidharmakośakārikā); as opposed to the 邊地／边地 (biāndì, “borderlands; frontiers”), from Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit प्रत्यन्तिम (pratyantima) / प्रत्यन्त (pratyanta) or Pali paccantima. Cognate to the Pali majjhimesu janapadesu (locative, literally “in the middlemost countries”) in the text parallel to the Ekottara Āgama in the Pali Canon.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"中国\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Simplified Chinese\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"zh\", \"2\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"中國\", \"name\": \"head\"}], \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"literal_meaning\": \"middle country; central country\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"Literary Chinese terms with quotations\", \"zh:Buddhism\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Traditional Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩薩受生必在中國，利根智慧言詞辯了，善知語義是佛法器，善知沙門、婆羅門等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"english\": \"Why is this? The rebirth of a bodhisattva must be in the central regions of a country, his faculties will be sharp and he distinguishes all wise words. He knows well that semantics are the tools of the Buddhadharma, and he knows well śramaṇas, brahmins, and others.\", \"raw_tags\": [\"Classical Chinese\", \"Simplified Chinese\"], \"ref\": \" 大般若波羅蜜多經\", \"roman\": \"Héyǐ gù? Púsà shòushēng bì zài zhōngguó, lì gēn zhìhuì yáncí biàn le, shàn zhī yǔyì shì fófǎ qì, shàn zhī shāmén, póluómén děng.\", \"tags\": [\"Pinyin\"], \"text\": \"何以故？菩萨受生必在中国，利根智慧言词辩了，善知语义是佛法器，善知沙门、婆罗门等。\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"\\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"links\": [[\"Buddhism\", \"Buddhism\"], [\"civilization\", \"civilization\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(Buddhism) \\\"central countries\\\"; lands with advanced civilization and other conditions helpful for teaching Buddhism\"], \"topics\": [\"Buddhism\", \"lifestyle\", \"religion\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\", \"standard\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Pinyin\", \"Sichuanese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zong¹ gue²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Xi'an\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуй\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguy\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"I-II\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Җунгуә\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Žunguə\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangzhou\", \"Hong-Kong\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taishan\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"PFS\", \"Sixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hailu\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Guangdong\", \"Hakka\", \"Meixian\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guêd⁵\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"POJ\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Peng'im\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dong¹ gog⁴\"}, {\"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hanyu-Pinyin\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zhōngguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"bopomofo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Tongyong-Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jhongguó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Wade-Giles\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chung¹-kuo²\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jūng-gwó\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Jonggwo\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Чжунго\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Palladius\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Čžungo\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz\", \"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Zunggue\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Chengdu\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Mandarin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Bvěnggui\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\", \"tags\": [\"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Dungan\", \"Mandarin\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Jyutping\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gwok³\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Yale\"], \"zh-pron\": \"jūng gwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Pinyin\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dzung¹ gwok⁸\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Guangdong-Romanization\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ guog³\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\", \"Wiktionary-specific\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zuung¹ gok²\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Cantonese\", \"Sinological-IPA\", \"Taicheng\", \"Taishanese\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Phak-fa-su\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Chûng-koet\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung^ˊ gued^ˋ\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hagfa-Pinyim\", \"Hakka\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zung¹ gued⁵\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Hakka-Romanization-System\"], \"zh-pron\": \"zhung^ˋ gued\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Hakka\", \"Meixian\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Foochow-Romanized\", \"Fuzhou\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Dṳ̆ng-guók\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\", \"tags\": [\"Fuzhou\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"doeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"De̤ng-go̤h\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\"], \"zh-pron\": \"dyeng¹ gorh⁶ [Phonetic:dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\", \"tags\": [\"Puxian-Min\", \"Sinological-IPA\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Tai-lo\"], \"zh-pron\": \"Tiong-kok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Phofsit-Daibuun\"], \"zh-pron\": \"diongkog\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Quanzhou\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Penang\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Kaohsiung\", \"Taipei\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\", \"Xiamen\", \"Zhangzhou\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"POJ\", \"Teochew\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tong kok\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\", \"tags\": [\"Sinological-IPA\", \"Teochew\"]}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₇\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"tson^平 koh^入\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"¹tson-koq₄\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Northern\", \"Wu\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Middle-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"trjuwng kwok\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Baxter-Sagart\", \"Old-Chinese\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*truŋ [C.q]ʷˤək/\"}, {\"tags\": [\"Old-Chinese\", \"Zhengzhang\"], \"zh-pron\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ kuɛ²¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/p͡fəŋ²¹ kuei/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuei⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/ʈ͡ʂuŋ²⁴ kuə⁵¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sɵŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡suŋ²⁴ ku̯et̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡ʃuŋ⁵³ kuet⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡sʊŋ⁴⁴⁻³⁵ kuɛt̚¹/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋuɔʔ²⁴/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: doeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tœŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[Phonetic: dyeng² ngorh⁶]\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tyøŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋɒʔ²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³ kɔk̚⁵/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ³³⁻²¹ kɔk̚³/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/tiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/toŋ³³⁻²³ kok̚²/\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/t͡soŋ⁵⁵ koʔ²¹/\"}, {\"other\": \"[C.q]\"}, {\"other\": \"/*tuŋ kʷɯːɡ/\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"Abhidharmakośakārikā\", \"Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā\", \"Ekottara Āgama\"], \"word\": \"中國\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "中國",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.