See 接近 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "接近",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 12 2 35 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 0 21 10 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 24 0 21 10 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to be close to the end",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "jiējìn wěishēng",
"text": "接近尾聲",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to be close to the end",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "jiējìn wěishēng",
"text": "接近尾声",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to approach; to get close to; to draw near"
],
"id": "en-接近-zh-verb-eCjYCXDv",
"links": [
[
"approach",
"approach"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 12 2 35 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be similar (to); to be analogous (to)"
],
"id": "en-接近-zh-verb-rAzXC6G2",
"links": [
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"analogous",
"analogous"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiējìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧㄣˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zip³ gan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-khiun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jiab⁵ kiun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-kūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-kǔn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-kīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ziab⁴ geng⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₆"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiējìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiejìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chieh¹-chin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyē-jìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiejinn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзецзинь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czeczinʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jip gahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzip⁸ gan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "jib³ gen⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siːp̚³ kɐn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-khiun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "jiab^ˋ kiun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "jiab⁵ kiun⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si̯ap̚² kʰi̯un⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚¹ kʰiun⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap-kūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ciapkun"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap-kǔn"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚⁵⁻²⁴ kun²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap-kīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ciapkin"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kin³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁵ kin²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap kṳ̆ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚²⁻⁴ kɯŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₆"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cih^入 jin^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁴jiq-jjin₃"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ d͡ʑin⁴⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cih^入 jin^上"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/"
},
{
"other": "/ chiap-kǔn /"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siːp̚³ kɐn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si̯ap̚² kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚¹ kʰiun⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚⁵⁻²⁴ kun²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kin³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁵ kin²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚²⁻⁴ kɯŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ d͡ʑin⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "倚近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bàngyī",
"word": "傍依"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bàngbiān",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "傍邊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bàngbiān",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "傍边"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiàng'ěr",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "向邇"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiàng'ěr",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "向迩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "把"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "āijìn",
"word": "挨近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to be close to an age or number",
"roman": "āibiān",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "挨邊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "to be close to an age or number",
"roman": "āibiān",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "挨边"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiē",
"word": "接"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cā",
"word": "擦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bǐlín",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "比鄰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bǐlín",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "比邻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "còu",
"word": "湊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "còu",
"word": "凑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "of something undesirable",
"roman": "bīnyú",
"word": "瀕於"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "of something undesirable",
"roman": "bīnyú",
"word": "濒于"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bīnlín",
"word": "瀕臨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bīnlín",
"word": "濒临"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiānglín",
"word": "相鄰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiānglín",
"word": "相邻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "línjìn",
"word": "臨近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "línjìn",
"word": "临近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "línjìn",
"word": "鄰近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "línjìn",
"word": "邻近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "fù",
"word": "附"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kàojìn",
"word": "靠近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiù",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "就"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "搭近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "攝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "摄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "còujìn",
"word": "湊近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "còujìn",
"word": "凑近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tiējìn",
"word": "貼近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tiējìn",
"word": "贴近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pòlín",
"word": "迫臨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pòlín",
"word": "迫临"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pòjìn",
"word": "迫近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "逼倚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bījìn",
"word": "逼近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qīnjìn",
"word": "親近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qīnjìn",
"word": "亲近"
}
],
"word": "接近"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "接近",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 12 2 35 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 10 5 26 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 0 21 10 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 24 0 21 10 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"near; close"
],
"id": "en-接近-zh-adj-6h8Wskpl",
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 12 2 35 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 0 21 10 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 24 0 21 10 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"intimate; close"
],
"id": "en-接近-zh-adj-hjCrkVAH",
"links": [
[
"intimate",
"intimate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "proximity detection",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "jiējìn jiǎncè",
"text": "接近檢測",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "proximity detection",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "jiējìn jiǎncè",
"text": "接近检测",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "proximity sensor",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "jiējìn chuángǎnqì",
"text": "接近傳感器",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "proximity sensor",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "jiējìn chuángǎnqì",
"text": "接近传感器",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"proximity"
],
"id": "en-接近-zh-adj-aU1GnTnU",
"links": [
[
"proximity",
"proximity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(attributive) proximity"
],
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiējìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧㄣˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zip³ gan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-khiun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jiab⁵ kiun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-kūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-kǔn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-kīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ziab⁴ geng⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₆"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiējìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiejìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chieh¹-chin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyē-jìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiejinn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзецзинь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czeczinʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jip gahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzip⁸ gan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "jib³ gen⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siːp̚³ kɐn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-khiun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "jiab^ˋ kiun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "jiab⁵ kiun⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si̯ap̚² kʰi̯un⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚¹ kʰiun⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap-kūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ciapkun"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap-kǔn"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚⁵⁻²⁴ kun²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap-kīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ciapkin"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kin³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁵ kin²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap kṳ̆ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚²⁻⁴ kɯŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₆"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cih^入 jin^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁴jiq-jjin₃"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ d͡ʑin⁴⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cih^入 jin^上"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/"
},
{
"other": "/ chiap-kǔn /"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siːp̚³ kɐn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si̯ap̚² kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚¹ kʰiun⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚⁵⁻²⁴ kun²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kin³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁵ kin²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚²⁻⁴ kɯŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ d͡ʑin⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qīnjìn",
"word": "親近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qīnjìn",
"word": "亲近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "tóngqīn",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
],
"word": "同衾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "of dealings",
"roman": "zhōumì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "周密"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "mìqiè",
"word": "密切"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "huǒrè",
"word": "火熱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "huǒrè",
"word": "火热"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "rèhuo",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "熱和"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "rèhuo",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "热和"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "rèhuǒ",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "熱火"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "rèhuǒ",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "热火"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "zhīxīn",
"word": "知心"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jǐnmì",
"word": "緊密"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jǐnmì",
"word": "紧密"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qīnqiè",
"word": "親切"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qīnqiè",
"word": "亲切"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "of relations between countries",
"roman": "qīnshàn",
"word": "親善"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "of relations between countries",
"roman": "qīnshàn",
"word": "亲善"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qīnmì",
"word": "親密"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qīnmì",
"word": "亲密"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qīnrè",
"word": "親熱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "qīnrè",
"word": "亲热"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "tiējǐ",
"word": "貼己"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "tiējǐ",
"word": "贴己"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "tiēshēn",
"word": "貼身"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "tiēshēn",
"word": "贴身"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jìn",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "近"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jìnhu",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "近乎"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "guòxīn",
"tags": [
"regional"
],
"word": "過心"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "guòxīn",
"tags": [
"regional"
],
"word": "过心"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "體己"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "体己"
}
],
"word": "接近"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 接",
"Chinese terms spelled with 近",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "接近",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to be close to the end",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "jiējìn wěishēng",
"text": "接近尾聲",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to be close to the end",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "jiējìn wěishēng",
"text": "接近尾声",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to approach; to get close to; to draw near"
],
"links": [
[
"approach",
"approach"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"draw",
"draw"
],
[
"near",
"near"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be similar (to); to be analogous (to)"
],
"links": [
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"analogous",
"analogous"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiējìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧㄣˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zip³ gan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-khiun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jiab⁵ kiun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-kūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-kǔn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-kīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ziab⁴ geng⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₆"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiējìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiejìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chieh¹-chin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyē-jìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiejinn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзецзинь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czeczinʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jip gahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzip⁸ gan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "jib³ gen⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siːp̚³ kɐn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-khiun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "jiab^ˋ kiun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "jiab⁵ kiun⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si̯ap̚² kʰi̯un⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚¹ kʰiun⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap-kūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ciapkun"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap-kǔn"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚⁵⁻²⁴ kun²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap-kīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ciapkin"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kin³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁵ kin²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap kṳ̆ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚²⁻⁴ kɯŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₆"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cih^入 jin^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁴jiq-jjin₃"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ d͡ʑin⁴⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cih^入 jin^上"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/"
},
{
"other": "/ chiap-kǔn /"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siːp̚³ kɐn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si̯ap̚² kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚¹ kʰiun⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚⁵⁻²⁴ kun²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kin³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁵ kin²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚²⁻⁴ kɯŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ d͡ʑin⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "倚近"
},
{
"roman": "bàngyī",
"word": "傍依"
},
{
"roman": "bàngbiān",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "傍邊"
},
{
"roman": "bàngbiān",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "傍边"
},
{
"roman": "xiàng'ěr",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "向邇"
},
{
"roman": "xiàng'ěr",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "向迩"
},
{
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "把"
},
{
"roman": "āijìn",
"word": "挨近"
},
{
"english": "to be close to an age or number",
"roman": "āibiān",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "挨邊"
},
{
"english": "to be close to an age or number",
"roman": "āibiān",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "挨边"
},
{
"roman": "jiē",
"word": "接"
},
{
"roman": "cā",
"word": "擦"
},
{
"roman": "bǐlín",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "比鄰"
},
{
"roman": "bǐlín",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "比邻"
},
{
"roman": "còu",
"word": "湊"
},
{
"roman": "còu",
"word": "凑"
},
{
"english": "of something undesirable",
"roman": "bīnyú",
"word": "瀕於"
},
{
"english": "of something undesirable",
"roman": "bīnyú",
"word": "濒于"
},
{
"roman": "bīnlín",
"word": "瀕臨"
},
{
"roman": "bīnlín",
"word": "濒临"
},
{
"roman": "xiānglín",
"word": "相鄰"
},
{
"roman": "xiānglín",
"word": "相邻"
},
{
"roman": "línjìn",
"word": "臨近"
},
{
"roman": "línjìn",
"word": "临近"
},
{
"roman": "qīnjìn",
"word": "親近"
},
{
"roman": "qīnjìn",
"word": "亲近"
},
{
"roman": "línjìn",
"word": "鄰近"
},
{
"roman": "línjìn",
"word": "邻近"
},
{
"roman": "fù",
"word": "附"
},
{
"roman": "kàojìn",
"word": "靠近"
},
{
"roman": "jiù",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "就"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "搭近"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "攝"
},
{
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "摄"
},
{
"roman": "còujìn",
"word": "湊近"
},
{
"roman": "còujìn",
"word": "凑近"
},
{
"roman": "tiējìn",
"word": "貼近"
},
{
"roman": "tiējìn",
"word": "贴近"
},
{
"roman": "pòlín",
"word": "迫臨"
},
{
"roman": "pòlín",
"word": "迫临"
},
{
"roman": "pòjìn",
"word": "迫近"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "逼倚"
},
{
"roman": "bījìn",
"word": "逼近"
}
],
"word": "接近"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms spelled with 接",
"Chinese terms spelled with 近",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "接近",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"near; close"
],
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"intimate; close"
],
"links": [
[
"intimate",
"intimate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "proximity detection",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "jiējìn jiǎncè",
"text": "接近檢測",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "proximity detection",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "jiējìn jiǎncè",
"text": "接近检测",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "proximity sensor",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "jiējìn chuángǎnqì",
"text": "接近傳感器",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "proximity sensor",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "jiējìn chuángǎnqì",
"text": "接近传感器",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"proximity"
],
"links": [
[
"proximity",
"proximity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(attributive) proximity"
],
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiējìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄝ ㄐㄧㄣˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zip³ gan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-khiun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "jiab⁵ kiun⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-kūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-kǔn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-kīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ziab⁴ geng⁶"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₆"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiējìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiejìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chieh¹-chin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyē-jìn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiejinn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзецзинь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "czeczinʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jip gahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzip⁸ gan⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "jib³ gen⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siːp̚³ kɐn²²/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "chiap-khiun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "jiab^ˋ kiun"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "jiab⁵ kiun⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si̯ap̚² kʰi̯un⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚¹ kʰiun⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap-kūn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ciapkun"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap-kǔn"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚⁵⁻²⁴ kun²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap-kīn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ciapkin"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kin³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁵ kin²²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tsiap kṳ̆ng"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚²⁻⁴ kɯŋ³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₆"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cih^入 jin^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁴jiq-jjin₃"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ d͡ʑin⁴⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷ciq-jin₄"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "cih^入 jin^上"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/"
},
{
"other": "/ chiap-kǔn /"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siːp̚³ kɐn²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡si̯ap̚² kʰi̯un⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚¹ kʰiun⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kun²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚⁵⁻²⁴ kun²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁴ kin³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚³²⁻⁵ kin²²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡siap̚²⁻⁴ kɯŋ³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ³³ d͡ʑin⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵ d͡ʑin²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "tóngqīn",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
],
"word": "同衾"
},
{
"english": "of dealings",
"roman": "zhōumì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "周密"
},
{
"roman": "mìqiè",
"word": "密切"
},
{
"roman": "huǒrè",
"word": "火熱"
},
{
"roman": "huǒrè",
"word": "火热"
},
{
"roman": "rèhuo",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "熱和"
},
{
"roman": "rèhuo",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "热和"
},
{
"roman": "rèhuǒ",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "熱火"
},
{
"roman": "rèhuǒ",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "热火"
},
{
"roman": "zhīxīn",
"word": "知心"
},
{
"roman": "jǐnmì",
"word": "緊密"
},
{
"roman": "jǐnmì",
"word": "紧密"
},
{
"roman": "qīnqiè",
"word": "親切"
},
{
"roman": "qīnqiè",
"word": "亲切"
},
{
"english": "of relations between countries",
"roman": "qīnshàn",
"word": "親善"
},
{
"english": "of relations between countries",
"roman": "qīnshàn",
"word": "亲善"
},
{
"roman": "qīnmì",
"word": "親密"
},
{
"roman": "qīnmì",
"word": "亲密"
},
{
"roman": "qīnrè",
"word": "親熱"
},
{
"roman": "qīnrè",
"word": "亲热"
},
{
"roman": "qīnjìn",
"word": "親近"
},
{
"roman": "qīnjìn",
"word": "亲近"
},
{
"roman": "tiējǐ",
"word": "貼己"
},
{
"roman": "tiējǐ",
"word": "贴己"
},
{
"roman": "tiēshēn",
"word": "貼身"
},
{
"roman": "tiēshēn",
"word": "贴身"
},
{
"roman": "jìn",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "近"
},
{
"roman": "jìnhu",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "近乎"
},
{
"roman": "guòxīn",
"tags": [
"regional"
],
"word": "過心"
},
{
"roman": "guòxīn",
"tags": [
"regional"
],
"word": "过心"
},
{
"word": "體己"
},
{
"word": "体己"
}
],
"word": "接近"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 接近 meaning in Chinese (13.2kB)
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.