"tow" meaning in All languages combined

See tow on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /təʊ/ [Received-Pronunciation], /toʊ/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tow.wav [Southern-England] Forms: tows [plural]
enPR: tō Rhymes: -əʊ Etymology: From Middle English towen, from Old English togian, from Proto-West Germanic *togōn, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-. See also Middle High German zogen, German ziehen, Dutch tijgen, Old Norse toga. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*dewk-}}, {{inh|en|enm|towen}} Middle English towen, {{inh|en|ang|togian}} Old English togian, {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*togōn}} Proto-West Germanic *togōn, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*tugōną}} Proto-Germanic *tugōną, {{der|en|ine-pro|*dewk-}} Proto-Indo-European *dewk-, {{cog|gmh|zogen}} Middle High German zogen, {{cog|de|ziehen}} German ziehen, {{cog|nl|tijgen}} Dutch tijgen, {{cog|non|toga}} Old Norse toga Head templates: {{en-noun}} tow (plural tows)
  1. The act of towing and the condition of being towed. Translations (act of towing): теглене (teglene) [neuter] (Bulgarian), буксир (buksir) [masculine] (Bulgarian), vlečení [neuter] (Czech), tažení [neuter] (Czech), odtažení [neuter] (Czech), remorquage [masculine] (French), remolque (Galician), Schleppen [neuter] (German), Abschleppen [neuter] (German), ρυμούλκηση (rymoúlkisi) [feminine] (Greek), vilkšana [feminine] (Latvian), вле́чење (vléčenje) [neuter] (Macedonian), holowanie [neuter] (Polish), reboque (Portuguese), буксиро́вка (buksiróvka) [feminine] (Russian), remolque [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-tow-en-noun-NcGFme2l Disambiguation of 'act of towing': 67 5 3 19 7
  2. Something, such as a tugboat, that tows. Translations (something that tows): tahač (english: truck) [masculine] (Czech), remorkér (english: boat) [masculine] (Czech), Schlepper [masculine] (German), ρυμουλκό (rymoulkó) [neuter] (Greek), vilcējs [masculine] (Latvian), reboque (Portuguese), rebocador (Portuguese), букси́р (buksír) [masculine] (Russian), тяга́ч (tjagáč) [masculine] (Russian), remolque [masculine] (Spanish), remolcador (english: boat) [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-tow-en-noun-3711lvJ4 Disambiguation of 'something that tows': 8 53 6 10 23
  3. Something, such as a barge, that is towed. Translations (something that is towed): rimorchio [masculine] (Italian), traino [masculine] (Italian), reboque (Portuguese), remolque [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-tow-en-noun-XfkSGq8X Disambiguation of 'something that is towed': 22 11 50 3 15
  4. A rope or cable used in towing. Translations (cable used in towing): буксирно въже (buksirno vǎže) [neuter] (Bulgarian), vlečné lano [neuter] (Czech), sleeptouw [neuter] (Dutch), trekkabel [masculine] (Dutch), câble de remorquage [masculine] (French), corde de remorquage [feminine] (French), Schlepptau [neuter] (German), Tau [neuter] (German), Seil [neuter] (German), virve [feminine] (Latvian), hol [masculine] (Polish), буксиро́вочный трос (buksiróvočnyj tros) [masculine] (Russian), remolque [masculine] (Spanish), cable [masculine] (Spanish), cabo [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-tow-en-noun-FldPe1pK Disambiguation of 'cable used in towing': 10 3 2 75 9
  5. (motor racing) A speed increase given by driving in front of another car on a straight, which causes a slipstream for the car behind. Categories (topical): Motor racing
    Sense id: en-tow-en-noun-8PhTgQFU Topics: hobbies, lifestyle, motor-racing, racing, sports
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated

Noun [English]

IPA: /təʊ/ [Received-Pronunciation], /toʊ/ [General-American], /taʊ/ (note: rare, some parts of the UK and Australia) Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tow.wav [Southern-England], LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tow2.wav [Southern-England] Forms: tows [plural]
enPR: tō, tou Etymology: From Middle English touw, from Old English tow- (“spinning”) (in compounds, e.g. towcræft, towhūs, towlic), from Proto-Germanic *tawwą; compare Old Norse tó (“uncleansed wool”), Dutch touw (“rope”). Perhaps cognate with Old English tawian (“prepare for use”), Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan, “do, make”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*dewh₂-}}, {{inh|en|enm|touw}} Middle English touw, {{inh|en|ang||tow-|spinning}} Old English tow- (“spinning”), {{m|ang|towcræft}} towcræft, {{m|ang|towhūs}} towhūs, {{m|ang|towlic}} towlic, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*tawwą}} Proto-Germanic *tawwą, {{cog|non|tó||uncleansed wool}} Old Norse tó (“uncleansed wool”), {{cog|nl|touw||rope}} Dutch touw (“rope”), {{cog|ang|tawian||prepare for use}} Old English tawian (“prepare for use”), {{cog|got|𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽||do, make}} Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan, “do, make”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} tow (countable and uncountable, plural tows)
  1. An untwisted bundle of fibres such as cellulose acetate, flax, hemp or jute. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Fibers Categories (lifeform): Flax Translations (bundle of fibers): στυππεῖον (stuppeîon) [neuter] (Ancient Greek), iztupa (Basque), stoub [masculine] (Breton), кълчища (kǎlčišta) [neuter, plural] (Bulgarian), stoppa [feminine] (Corsican), koudel [feminine] (Czech), blår [neuter] (Danish), werk [neuter] (Dutch), hede [feminine] (Dutch), étoupe [feminine] (French), filasse [feminine] (French), estopa [feminine] (Galician), tomento [masculine] (Galician), Werg [neuter] (German), Hede [feminine] (German), στουπί (stoupí) [neuter] (Greek), stupo (Ido), capecchio [masculine] (Italian), 토우 (tou) (Korean), pakulas [feminine, plural] (Latvian), ngai (Maori), pūngahungahu (Maori), stry [neuter] (Norwegian Bokmål), stry [neuter] (Norwegian Nynorsk), استوپی (üstüpü) (Ottoman Turkish), pakuły [plural] (Polish), estopa [feminine] (Portuguese), stupă (Romanian), па́кля (páklja) [feminine] (Russian), куде́ль (kudélʹ) [feminine] (Russian), ку̀чина [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), kùčina [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), stuppa [feminine] (Sicilian), kúdeľ [feminine] (Slovak), priadza [feminine] (Slovak), drev [neuter] (Swedish), blånor [plural] (Swedish), кло́ччя (klóččja) [neuter] (Ukrainian), carth [masculine] (Welsh), breisgion [masculine, plural] (Welsh), hjidde (West Frisian)
    Sense id: en-tow-en-noun-sTWULEFZ Disambiguation of Fibers: 6 8 6 3 22 35 8 3 9 Disambiguation of Flax: 6 10 6 2 16 39 9 3 9 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English heteronyms, Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 9 11 10 1 17 29 11 3 9 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 8 19 8 2 14 24 12 6 8 Disambiguation of English heteronyms: 11 12 11 3 15 25 11 5 8 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 7 16 7 1 15 24 8 3 10 1 2 6 Disambiguation of 'bundle of fibers': 84 16
  2. (specifically) The short, coarse, less desirable fibres separated by hackling from the finer longer fibres (line). Tags: countable, specifically, uncountable
    Sense id: en-tow-en-noun-Ob1sj6hh
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hards, oakum Derived forms: towy, swingling tow, tow-colored, tow-haired, tow haired, towhead, towheaded, tow linen Related terms: taw
Etymology number: 2

Verb [English]

IPA: /təʊ/ [Received-Pronunciation], /toʊ/ [General-American] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tow.wav [Southern-England] Forms: tows [present, singular, third-person], towing [participle, present], towed [participle, past], towed [past]
enPR: tō Rhymes: -əʊ Etymology: From Middle English towen, from Old English togian, from Proto-West Germanic *togōn, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-. See also Middle High German zogen, German ziehen, Dutch tijgen, Old Norse toga. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*dewk-}}, {{inh|en|enm|towen}} Middle English towen, {{inh|en|ang|togian}} Old English togian, {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*togōn}} Proto-West Germanic *togōn, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*tugōną}} Proto-Germanic *tugōną, {{der|en|ine-pro|*dewk-}} Proto-Indo-European *dewk-, {{cog|gmh|zogen}} Middle High German zogen, {{cog|de|ziehen}} German ziehen, {{cog|nl|tijgen}} Dutch tijgen, {{cog|non|toga}} Old Norse toga Head templates: {{en-verb}} tow (third-person singular simple present tows, present participle towing, simple past and past participle towed)
  1. (transitive) To pull something behind one using a line or chain; to haul. Tags: transitive Translations (pull something using a line): remolcar (Asturian), тегля (teglja) (Bulgarian), remolcar (Catalan), guyod (Cebuano), (tuō) (Chinese Mandarin), (lā) (Chinese Mandarin), vléci (Czech), táhnout (Czech), hinata (Finnish), tracter (French), remorquer (english: vehicle) (French), remolcar (Galician), abordelar (Galician), solear (Galician), toar (Galician), halar (Galician), ziehen (German), schleppen (German), abschleppen (note: of a car) (German), treideln (note: of a ship) (German), ρυμουλκώ (rymoulkó) (Greek), vontat (Hungarian), trainare (Italian), rimorchiare (Italian), 끌다 (kkeulda) (Korean), (Maori), taki (Maori), pārete (Maori), holować (Polish), rebocar (Portuguese), букси́ровать (buksírovatʹ) [usually] (Russian), тяну́ть (tjanútʹ) (Russian), тащи́ть (taščítʹ) (Russian), slaod (Scottish Gaelic), vliecť (Slovak), ťahať (Slovak), remolcar (Spanish), bogsera (Swedish), yedekte çekmek (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-tow-en-verb-uzMkUWfz Disambiguation of 'pull something using a line': 96 4
  2. (running, cycling, motor racing, etc.) To aid someone behind by shielding them from wind resistance. Tags: usually Categories (topical): Cycling, Motor racing
    Sense id: en-tow-en-verb-TMzyW5Mc Topics: cycling, hobbies, lifestyle, motor-racing, racing, sports
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun [Middle English]

IPA: /tɔu̯/
Rhymes: -ɔu̯ Etymology: From Old English tow-, from Proto-Germanic *tawwą; for more see English tow. Etymology templates: {{der|enm|ang|tow-}} Old English tow-, {{der|enm|gem-pro|*tawwą}} Proto-Germanic *tawwą, {{cog|en|tow}} English tow Head templates: {{head|enm|noun}} tow
  1. Unprepared flax, especially used as a firestarter.
    Sense id: en-tow-enm-noun-Tyq2k4Uu
  2. The fibrous matter of flax or a similar plant; (tow).
    Sense id: en-tow-enm-noun-Dgv80IpB
  3. Oakum, hards; the rough portion of flax separated during hackling.
    Sense id: en-tow-enm-noun--J2eC9UE
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: towe, towȝ, towȝe, tough, towhe, togh, tawe, toow

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for tow meaning in All languages combined (31.0kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "towio",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Welsh: towio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Welsh: towio"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "towen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English towen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "togian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English togian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*togōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *togōn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*tugōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tugōną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dewk-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "zogen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German zogen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "ziehen"
      },
      "expansion": "German ziehen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "tijgen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch tijgen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "toga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse toga",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English towen, from Old English togian, from Proto-West Germanic *togōn, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-.\nSee also Middle High German zogen, German ziehen, Dutch tijgen, Old Norse toga.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tows",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "tow (third-person singular simple present tows, present participle towing, simple past and past participle towed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2022 September 7, “At the cutting edge of NR's track work”, in RAIL, number 965, page 40, photo caption",
          "text": "In its current specification it cannot be driven and must be towed to its work location by a locomotive.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To pull something behind one using a line or chain; to haul."
      ],
      "id": "en-tow-en-verb-uzMkUWfz",
      "links": [
        [
          "pull",
          "pull"
        ],
        [
          "line",
          "line"
        ],
        [
          "chain",
          "chain"
        ],
        [
          "haul",
          "haul"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To pull something behind one using a line or chain; to haul."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ast",
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "remolcar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "teglja",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "тегля"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "remolcar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ceb",
          "lang": "Cebuano",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "guyod"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "tuō",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "拖"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "lā",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "拉"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "vléci"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "táhnout"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "hinata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "tracter"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "english": "vehicle",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "remorquer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "remolcar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "abordelar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "solear"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "toar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "halar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "ziehen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "schleppen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "note": "of a car",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "abschleppen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "note": "of a ship",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "treideln"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "rymoulkó",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "ρυμουλκώ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "vontat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "trainare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "rimorchiare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "kkeulda",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "끌다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "tō"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "taki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "pārete"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "holować"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "rebocar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "raw_tags": [
            "of a vehicle"
          ],
          "roman": "buksírovatʹ",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "tags": [
            "usually"
          ],
          "word": "букси́ровать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "tjanútʹ",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "тяну́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "taščítʹ",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "тащи́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "slaod"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "vliecť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "ťahať"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "remolcar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "bogsera"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "96 4",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "pull something using a line",
          "word": "yedekte çekmek"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Cycling",
          "orig": "en:Cycling",
          "parents": [
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Motor racing",
          "orig": "en:Motor racing",
          "parents": [
            "Automotive",
            "Sports",
            "Transport",
            "Human activity",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To aid someone behind by shielding them from wind resistance."
      ],
      "id": "en-tow-en-verb-TMzyW5Mc",
      "links": [
        [
          "cycling",
          "cycling#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "motor racing",
          "motor racing"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "running",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(running, cycling, motor racing, etc.) To aid someone behind by shielding them from wind resistance."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "cycling",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "motor-racing",
        "racing",
        "sports"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/təʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/toʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "toe"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tow.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "tō"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "tow (disambiguation)"
  ],
  "word": "tow"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "in tow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "on tow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ski tow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tow bar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tow hitch"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tow iron"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tow ring"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tow rope"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tow truck"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "under tow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "undertow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "towy"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "towen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English towen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "togian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English togian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*togōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *togōn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*tugōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tugōną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dewk-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "zogen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German zogen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "ziehen"
      },
      "expansion": "German ziehen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "tijgen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch tijgen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "toga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse toga",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English towen, from Old English togian, from Proto-West Germanic *togōn, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-.\nSee also Middle High German zogen, German ziehen, Dutch tijgen, Old Norse toga.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tows",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "tow (plural tows)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "It isn't the car's battery; I think I need a tow."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act of towing and the condition of being towed."
      ],
      "id": "en-tow-en-noun-NcGFme2l",
      "links": [
        [
          "towing",
          "towing"
        ],
        [
          "towed",
          "towed"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "teglene",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "теглене"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "buksir",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "буксир"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "vlečení"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "tažení"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "odtažení"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "remorquage"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "word": "remolque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Schleppen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Abschleppen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "rymoúlkisi",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ρυμούλκηση"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "vilkšana"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "vléčenje",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "вле́чење"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "holowanie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "word": "reboque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "buksiróvka",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "буксиро́вка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "67 5 3 19 7",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "act of towing",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "remolque"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Something, such as a tugboat, that tows."
      ],
      "id": "en-tow-en-noun-3711lvJ4",
      "links": [
        [
          "tugboat",
          "tugboat"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "8 53 6 10 23",
          "code": "cs",
          "english": "truck",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "something that tows",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tahač"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 53 6 10 23",
          "code": "cs",
          "english": "boat",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "something that tows",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "remorkér"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 53 6 10 23",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "something that tows",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Schlepper"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 53 6 10 23",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "rymoulkó",
          "sense": "something that tows",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ρυμουλκό"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 53 6 10 23",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "something that tows",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vilcējs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 53 6 10 23",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "something that tows",
          "word": "reboque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 53 6 10 23",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "something that tows",
          "word": "rebocador"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 53 6 10 23",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "buksír",
          "sense": "something that tows",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "букси́р"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 53 6 10 23",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "tjagáč",
          "sense": "something that tows",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "тяга́ч"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 53 6 10 23",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "something that tows",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "remolque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 53 6 10 23",
          "code": "es",
          "english": "boat",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "something that tows",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "remolcador"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Something, such as a barge, that is towed."
      ],
      "id": "en-tow-en-noun-XfkSGq8X",
      "links": [
        [
          "barge",
          "barge"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "22 11 50 3 15",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "something that is towed",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rimorchio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 11 50 3 15",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "something that is towed",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "traino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 11 50 3 15",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "something that is towed",
          "word": "reboque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "22 11 50 3 15",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "something that is towed",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "remolque"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A rope or cable used in towing."
      ],
      "id": "en-tow-en-noun-FldPe1pK",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "buksirno vǎže",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "буксирно въже"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "vlečné lano"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "sleeptouw"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "trekkabel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "câble de remorquage"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "corde de remorquage"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Schlepptau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Tau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Seil"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "virve"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "buksiróvočnyj tros",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "буксиро́вочный трос"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "remolque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cable"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 3 2 75 9",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "cable used in towing",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cabo"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Motor racing",
          "orig": "en:Motor racing",
          "parents": [
            "Automotive",
            "Sports",
            "Transport",
            "Human activity",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2019 September 8, Andrew Benson, BBC Sport",
          "text": "On Saturday, Vettel was very unhappy with Leclerc's failure to work out a way through the traffic and give him a tow for the second runs in qualifying, as had been agreed.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A speed increase given by driving in front of another car on a straight, which causes a slipstream for the car behind."
      ],
      "id": "en-tow-en-noun-8PhTgQFU",
      "links": [
        [
          "motor racing",
          "motor racing"
        ],
        [
          "speed",
          "speed"
        ],
        [
          "increase",
          "increase"
        ],
        [
          "car",
          "car"
        ],
        [
          "straight",
          "straight"
        ],
        [
          "slipstream",
          "slipstream"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(motor racing) A speed increase given by driving in front of another car on a straight, which causes a slipstream for the car behind."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "motor-racing",
        "racing",
        "sports"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/təʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/toʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "toe"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tow.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "tō"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "tow",
    "tow (disambiguation)"
  ],
  "word": "tow"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "towy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "swingling tow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tow-colored"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tow-haired"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tow haired"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "towhead"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "towheaded"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "tow linen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dewh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "touw"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English touw",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tow-",
        "5": "spinning"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tow- (“spinning”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "towcræft"
      },
      "expansion": "towcræft",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "towhūs"
      },
      "expansion": "towhūs",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "towlic"
      },
      "expansion": "towlic",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*tawwą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tawwą",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "tó",
        "3": "",
        "4": "uncleansed wool"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse tó (“uncleansed wool”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "touw",
        "3": "",
        "4": "rope"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch touw (“rope”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "tawian",
        "3": "",
        "4": "prepare for use"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tawian (“prepare for use”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽",
        "3": "",
        "4": "do, make"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan, “do, make”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English touw, from Old English tow- (“spinning”) (in compounds, e.g. towcræft, towhūs, towlic), from Proto-Germanic *tawwą; compare Old Norse tó (“uncleansed wool”), Dutch touw (“rope”). Perhaps cognate with Old English tawian (“prepare for use”), Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan, “do, make”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tows",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "tow (countable and uncountable, plural tows)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "taw"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 11 10 1 17 29 11 3 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 19 8 2 14 24 12 6 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 12 11 3 15 25 11 5 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English heteronyms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 16 7 1 15 24 8 3 10 1 2 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 8 6 3 22 35 8 3 9",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Fibers",
          "orig": "en:Fibers",
          "parents": [
            "Materials",
            "Manufacturing",
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 10 6 2 16 39 9 3 9",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Flax",
          "orig": "en:Flax",
          "parents": [
            "Agriculture",
            "Malpighiales order plants",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Plants",
            "Sciences",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An untwisted bundle of fibres such as cellulose acetate, flax, hemp or jute."
      ],
      "id": "en-tow-en-noun-sTWULEFZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "untwisted",
          "untwisted"
        ],
        [
          "bundle",
          "bundle"
        ],
        [
          "fibre",
          "fibre"
        ],
        [
          "flax",
          "flax"
        ],
        [
          "hemp",
          "hemp"
        ],
        [
          "jute",
          "jute"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "word": "iztupa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "br",
          "lang": "Breton",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "stoub"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "kǎlčišta",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "neuter",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "кълчища"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "co",
          "lang": "Corsican",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stoppa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "koudel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "blår"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "werk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "hede"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "étoupe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "filasse"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estopa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "tomento"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Werg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Hede"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "stoupí",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "στουπί"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "stuppeîon",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "στυππεῖον"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "word": "stupo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "capecchio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "tou",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "word": "토우"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "pakulas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "word": "ngai"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "word": "pūngahungahu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "stry"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "stry"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "üstüpü",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "word": "استوپی"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "pakuły"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estopa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "word": "stupă"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "páklja",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "па́кля"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "kudélʹ",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "куде́ль"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ку̀чина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "kùčina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stuppa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "kúdeľ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "priadza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "drev"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "blånor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "klóččja",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "кло́ччя"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "carth"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "breisgion"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 16",
          "code": "fy",
          "lang": "West Frisian",
          "sense": "bundle of fibers",
          "word": "hjidde"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The short, coarse, less desirable fibres separated by hackling from the finer longer fibres (line)."
      ],
      "id": "en-tow-en-noun-Ob1sj6hh",
      "links": [
        [
          "hackling",
          "hackle"
        ],
        [
          "line",
          "line#Etymology_2"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(specifically) The short, coarse, less desirable fibres separated by hackling from the finer longer fibres (line)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "specifically",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/təʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/toʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/taʊ/",
      "note": "rare, some parts of the UK and Australia"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tow.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tow2.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow2.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow2.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "tō"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "tou"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hards"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "oakum"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "tow (disambiguation)",
    "tow (fibre)"
  ],
  "word": "tow"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "tow"
          },
          "expansion": "English: tow",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: tow"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "towe"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: towe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: towe"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "tow-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tow-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*tawwą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tawwą",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "tow"
      },
      "expansion": "English tow",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English tow-, from Proto-Germanic *tawwą; for more see English tow.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "tow",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Unprepared flax, especially used as a firestarter."
      ],
      "id": "en-tow-enm-noun-Tyq2k4Uu",
      "links": [
        [
          "flax",
          "flax"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The fibrous matter of flax or a similar plant; (tow)."
      ],
      "id": "en-tow-enm-noun-Dgv80IpB"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Oakum, hards; the rough portion of flax separated during hackling."
      ],
      "id": "en-tow-enm-noun--J2eC9UE",
      "links": [
        [
          "Oakum",
          "oakum"
        ],
        [
          "hards",
          "hards"
        ],
        [
          "hackling",
          "hackling"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tɔu̯/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔu̯"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "towe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "towȝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "towȝe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tough"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "towhe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "togh"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "tawe"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "toow"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tow"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English heteronyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewh₂-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊ",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable",
    "Rhymes:Middle English/ɔu̯",
    "Rhymes:Middle English/ɔu̯/1 syllable",
    "en:Fibers",
    "en:Flax"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "towio",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Welsh: towio",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Welsh: towio"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "towen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English towen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "togian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English togian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*togōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *togōn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*tugōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tugōną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dewk-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "zogen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German zogen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "ziehen"
      },
      "expansion": "German ziehen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "tijgen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch tijgen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "toga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse toga",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English towen, from Old English togian, from Proto-West Germanic *togōn, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-.\nSee also Middle High German zogen, German ziehen, Dutch tijgen, Old Norse toga.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tows",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "tow (third-person singular simple present tows, present participle towing, simple past and past participle towed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2022 September 7, “At the cutting edge of NR's track work”, in RAIL, number 965, page 40, photo caption",
          "text": "In its current specification it cannot be driven and must be towed to its work location by a locomotive.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To pull something behind one using a line or chain; to haul."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pull",
          "pull"
        ],
        [
          "line",
          "line"
        ],
        [
          "chain",
          "chain"
        ],
        [
          "haul",
          "haul"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To pull something behind one using a line or chain; to haul."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Cycling",
        "en:Motor racing"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To aid someone behind by shielding them from wind resistance."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cycling",
          "cycling#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "motor racing",
          "motor racing"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "running",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(running, cycling, motor racing, etc.) To aid someone behind by shielding them from wind resistance."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "cycling",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "motor-racing",
        "racing",
        "sports"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/təʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/toʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "toe"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tow.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "tō"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "remolcar"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "teglja",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "тегля"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "remolcar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ceb",
      "lang": "Cebuano",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "guyod"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "tuō",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "拖"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "lā",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "拉"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "vléci"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "táhnout"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "hinata"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "tracter"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "english": "vehicle",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "remorquer"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "remolcar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "abordelar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "solear"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "toar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "halar"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "ziehen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "schleppen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "note": "of a car",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "abschleppen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "note": "of a ship",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "treideln"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "rymoulkó",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "ρυμουλκώ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "vontat"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "trainare"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "rimorchiare"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "kkeulda",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "끌다"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "tō"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "taki"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "pārete"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "holować"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "rebocar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "raw_tags": [
        "of a vehicle"
      ],
      "roman": "buksírovatʹ",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ],
      "word": "букси́ровать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "tjanútʹ",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "тяну́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "taščítʹ",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "тащи́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "slaod"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "vliecť"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "ťahať"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "remolcar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "bogsera"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "pull something using a line",
      "word": "yedekte çekmek"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "tow (disambiguation)"
  ],
  "word": "tow"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English heteronyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewh₂-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewk-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊ",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable",
    "Rhymes:Middle English/ɔu̯",
    "Rhymes:Middle English/ɔu̯/1 syllable",
    "en:Fibers",
    "en:Flax"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "in tow"
    },
    {
      "word": "on tow"
    },
    {
      "word": "ski tow"
    },
    {
      "word": "tow bar"
    },
    {
      "word": "tow hitch"
    },
    {
      "word": "tow iron"
    },
    {
      "word": "tow ring"
    },
    {
      "word": "tow rope"
    },
    {
      "word": "tow truck"
    },
    {
      "word": "towy"
    },
    {
      "word": "under tow"
    },
    {
      "word": "undertow"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "towen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English towen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "togian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English togian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*togōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *togōn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*tugōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tugōną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dewk-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "zogen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German zogen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "ziehen"
      },
      "expansion": "German ziehen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "tijgen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch tijgen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "toga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse toga",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English towen, from Old English togian, from Proto-West Germanic *togōn, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-.\nSee also Middle High German zogen, German ziehen, Dutch tijgen, Old Norse toga.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tows",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "tow (plural tows)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "It isn't the car's battery; I think I need a tow."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The act of towing and the condition of being towed."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "towing",
          "towing"
        ],
        [
          "towed",
          "towed"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Something, such as a tugboat, that tows."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tugboat",
          "tugboat"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Something, such as a barge, that is towed."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "barge",
          "barge"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A rope or cable used in towing."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Motor racing"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2019 September 8, Andrew Benson, BBC Sport",
          "text": "On Saturday, Vettel was very unhappy with Leclerc's failure to work out a way through the traffic and give him a tow for the second runs in qualifying, as had been agreed.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A speed increase given by driving in front of another car on a straight, which causes a slipstream for the car behind."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "motor racing",
          "motor racing"
        ],
        [
          "speed",
          "speed"
        ],
        [
          "increase",
          "increase"
        ],
        [
          "car",
          "car"
        ],
        [
          "straight",
          "straight"
        ],
        [
          "slipstream",
          "slipstream"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(motor racing) A speed increase given by driving in front of another car on a straight, which causes a slipstream for the car behind."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle",
        "motor-racing",
        "racing",
        "sports"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/təʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/toʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "toe"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tow.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "tō"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "teglene",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "теглене"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "buksir",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "буксир"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "vlečení"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "tažení"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "odtažení"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "remorquage"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "word": "remolque"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Schleppen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Abschleppen"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "rymoúlkisi",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ρυμούλκηση"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "vilkšana"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "vléčenje",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "вле́чење"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "holowanie"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "word": "reboque"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "buksiróvka",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "буксиро́вка"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "act of towing",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "remolque"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "english": "truck",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "something that tows",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tahač"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "english": "boat",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "something that tows",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "remorkér"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "something that tows",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Schlepper"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "rymoulkó",
      "sense": "something that tows",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ρυμουλκό"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "something that tows",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vilcējs"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "something that tows",
      "word": "reboque"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "something that tows",
      "word": "rebocador"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "buksír",
      "sense": "something that tows",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "букси́р"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "tjagáč",
      "sense": "something that tows",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "тяга́ч"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "something that tows",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "remolque"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "english": "boat",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "something that tows",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "remolcador"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "something that is towed",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rimorchio"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "something that is towed",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "traino"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "something that is towed",
      "word": "reboque"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "something that is towed",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "remolque"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "buksirno vǎže",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "буксирно въже"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "vlečné lano"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "sleeptouw"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "trekkabel"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "câble de remorquage"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "corde de remorquage"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Schlepptau"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Tau"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Seil"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "virve"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hol"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "buksiróvočnyj tros",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "буксиро́вочный трос"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "remolque"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cable"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "cable used in towing",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cabo"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "tow",
    "tow (disambiguation)"
  ],
  "word": "tow"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English heteronyms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dewh₂-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Rhymes:Middle English/ɔu̯",
    "Rhymes:Middle English/ɔu̯/1 syllable",
    "en:Fibers",
    "en:Flax"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "swingling tow"
    },
    {
      "word": "tow-colored"
    },
    {
      "word": "tow-haired"
    },
    {
      "word": "tow haired"
    },
    {
      "word": "towhead"
    },
    {
      "word": "towheaded"
    },
    {
      "word": "tow linen"
    },
    {
      "word": "towy"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dewh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "touw"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English touw",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tow-",
        "5": "spinning"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tow- (“spinning”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "towcræft"
      },
      "expansion": "towcræft",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "towhūs"
      },
      "expansion": "towhūs",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "towlic"
      },
      "expansion": "towlic",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*tawwą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tawwą",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "tó",
        "3": "",
        "4": "uncleansed wool"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse tó (“uncleansed wool”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "touw",
        "3": "",
        "4": "rope"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch touw (“rope”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "tawian",
        "3": "",
        "4": "prepare for use"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tawian (“prepare for use”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽",
        "3": "",
        "4": "do, make"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan, “do, make”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English touw, from Old English tow- (“spinning”) (in compounds, e.g. towcræft, towhūs, towlic), from Proto-Germanic *tawwą; compare Old Norse tó (“uncleansed wool”), Dutch touw (“rope”). Perhaps cognate with Old English tawian (“prepare for use”), Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan, “do, make”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "tows",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "tow (countable and uncountable, plural tows)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "taw"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An untwisted bundle of fibres such as cellulose acetate, flax, hemp or jute."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "untwisted",
          "untwisted"
        ],
        [
          "bundle",
          "bundle"
        ],
        [
          "fibre",
          "fibre"
        ],
        [
          "flax",
          "flax"
        ],
        [
          "hemp",
          "hemp"
        ],
        [
          "jute",
          "jute"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The short, coarse, less desirable fibres separated by hackling from the finer longer fibres (line)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hackling",
          "hackle"
        ],
        [
          "line",
          "line#Etymology_2"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(specifically) The short, coarse, less desirable fibres separated by hackling from the finer longer fibres (line)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "specifically",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/təʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/toʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/taʊ/",
      "note": "rare, some parts of the UK and Australia"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tow.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-tow2.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow2.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-tow2.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "tō"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "tou"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "hards"
    },
    {
      "word": "oakum"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "word": "iztupa"
    },
    {
      "code": "br",
      "lang": "Breton",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "stoub"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "kǎlčišta",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "кълчища"
    },
    {
      "code": "co",
      "lang": "Corsican",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stoppa"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "koudel"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "blår"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "werk"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "hede"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "étoupe"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "filasse"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estopa"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "tomento"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Werg"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Hede"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "stoupí",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "στουπί"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "stuppeîon",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "στυππεῖον"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "word": "stupo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "capecchio"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "tou",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "word": "토우"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "pakulas"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "word": "ngai"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "word": "pūngahungahu"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "stry"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "stry"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "üstüpü",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "word": "استوپی"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "pakuły"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estopa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "word": "stupă"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "páklja",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "па́кля"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "kudélʹ",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "куде́ль"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ку̀чина"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "kùčina"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stuppa"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "kúdeľ"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "priadza"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "drev"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "blånor"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "klóččja",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "кло́ччя"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "carth"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "breisgion"
    },
    {
      "code": "fy",
      "lang": "West Frisian",
      "sense": "bundle of fibers",
      "word": "hjidde"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "tow (disambiguation)",
    "tow (fibre)"
  ],
  "word": "tow"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Rhymes:Middle English/ɔu̯",
    "Rhymes:Middle English/ɔu̯/1 syllable"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "tow"
          },
          "expansion": "English: tow",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: tow"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "towe"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: towe",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: towe"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "tow-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English tow-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*tawwą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tawwą",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "tow"
      },
      "expansion": "English tow",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English tow-, from Proto-Germanic *tawwą; for more see English tow.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "tow",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Unprepared flax, especially used as a firestarter."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "flax",
          "flax"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The fibrous matter of flax or a similar plant; (tow)."
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Oakum, hards; the rough portion of flax separated during hackling."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Oakum",
          "oakum"
        ],
        [
          "hards",
          "hards"
        ],
        [
          "hackling",
          "hackling"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/tɔu̯/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔu̯"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "towe"
    },
    {
      "word": "towȝ"
    },
    {
      "word": "towȝe"
    },
    {
      "word": "tough"
    },
    {
      "word": "towhe"
    },
    {
      "word": "togh"
    },
    {
      "word": "tawe"
    },
    {
      "word": "toow"
    }
  ],
  "word": "tow"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.