See oakum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for oakum meaning in All languages combined (17.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pick oakum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "since Adam was an oakum boy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "since Adam was an oakum boy in Chatham Dockyard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "when Adam was an oakum boy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "when Adam was an oakum boy in Chatham Dockyard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "white oakum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*úd"
},
"expansion": "*úd",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "úd"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *úd",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵómbʰos"
},
"expansion": "*ǵómbʰos",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ǵómbʰos"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ǵómbʰos",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ew-",
"4": "*ǵembʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "okom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English okom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "okome",
"t": "oakum"
},
"expansion": "okome (“oakum”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "(Late Middle English) occome, ockom, ockombe, ocomb, okam, okcom, okem, okum, (Early Middle English) acuma",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ācumba",
"lit": "that which has been combed out, off-combings",
"t": "oakum"
},
"expansion": "Old English ācumba (“oakum”, literally “that which has been combed out, off-combings”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "acuma, acumb, acumbe, æcumba, æcumbe, (Early Old English) æcembe, ecambe (Mercia)",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ācemban",
"t": "to comb out"
},
"expansion": "ācemban (“to comb out”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ud-s-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ud-s-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*úd",
"3": "*ūd-",
"4": "out; up"
},
"expansion": "*ūd- (“out; up”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂ew-",
"t": "away from, off"
},
"expansion": "*h₂ew- (“away from, off”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kambijaną",
"t": "to comb"
},
"expansion": "*kambijaną (“to comb”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵómbʰos",
"t": "row of teeth; tooth; peg"
},
"expansion": "*ǵómbʰos (“row of teeth; tooth; peg”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵembʰ-",
"t": "nail; tooth; to gnaw through; to pierce"
},
"expansion": "*ǵembʰ- (“nail; tooth; to gnaw through; to pierce”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "out"
},
"expansion": "out",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comb"
},
"expansion": "comb",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English okom, okome (“oakum”) [and other forms], from Old English ācumba (“oakum”, literally “that which has been combed out, off-combings”) [and other forms], from ācemban (“to comb out”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (from Proto-Indo-European *ud-s-, *ūd- (“out; up”), or *h₂ew- (“away from, off”)) + *kambijaną (“to comb”) (ultimately from *ǵómbʰos (“row of teeth; tooth; peg”), *ǵembʰ- (“nail; tooth; to gnaw through; to pierce”)). See also out and comb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "oakums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "oakum (countable and uncountable, plural oakums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"oak‧um"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pledget"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chinse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fother"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "making-iron"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "meaking iron"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ripping iron"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fibers",
"orig": "en:Fibers",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Flax",
"orig": "en:Flax",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Malpighiales order plants",
"Applied sciences",
"Plants",
"Sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning."
],
"id": "en-oakum-en-noun-bUgFRhZC",
"links": [
[
"Coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"fibre",
"fibre"
],
[
"separated",
"separate#Verb"
],
[
"hackling",
"hackle#Verb"
],
[
"flax",
"flax"
],
[
"hemp",
"hemp"
],
[
"preparing",
"prepare"
],
[
"spinning",
"spinning#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hards"
},
{
"word": "tow"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning",
"word": "stupo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning",
"word": "rohdin"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning",
"word": "tappura"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "stuppeîon",
"sense": "coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στυππεῖον"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páklja",
"sense": "coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "па́кля"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1740 March 18 (date written; Gregorian calendar), W. Richardson, “A Letter from Jamaica, by the Author of that in p. 144”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine: Or, Monthly Intelligencer, London: […] F. Cave, jun., […], published June 1740, →OCLC, page 300, column 1",
"text": "It vvas reſolved hovvever to proceed on our Voyage, vvhich vve did for ten Days, in hopes by the Oakums ſvvelling the Leak might grovv leſs; but to our great Surpriſe, after very hard VVeather near Porto Bello, and not being able to reach it, it increaſed to double the Quantity.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1856 January 17, “Douglas v. Watson”, in Chauncey Smith, editor, English Reports in Law and Equity: […], volume XXXIV, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 448",
"text": "On the 24th of November, the plaintiff wrote the following reply, addressing it to George Havelock:– \"Yours containing order for oakums came duly to hand. As it will take three or four days before the white oakum arrives here, we cannot till after that time supply the same. All will be forwarded together. The price of white and brown oakum will be 30s. per cwt. Yours, &c., W. H. Douglas and Co.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1912, “The Murray Roofing Tile Company”, in Sweet’s Catalogue of Building Construction for 1912 […], New York, N.Y.: The Architectural Record Co., →OCLC, page 507",
"text": "Shingle Tiles make a Leak-Proof roof without the use of cements and spun oakums.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1983, Peter Ackroyd, “4 October 1900”, in The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde, London, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, published 1993, page 154",
"text": "My eyesight began to fail, from the strain of picking oakum in my cell.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016 June 7, Yaa Gyasi, “Kojo”, in Homegoing, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, published June 2017, page 116",
"text": "Earlier that morning he had gotten the oakum ready for the deck, soaking the hemp in pine tar.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope, which are used to caulk or pack gaps between boards of wooden ships and joints in masonry and plumbing, and sometimes for dressing wounds."
],
"id": "en-oakum-en-noun-m95xJTY8",
"links": [
[
"obtain",
"obtain"
],
[
"untwist",
"untwist"
],
[
"old",
"old#Adjective"
],
[
"rope",
"rope#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"caulk",
"caulk#Verb"
],
[
"pack",
"pack#Verb"
],
[
"gaps",
"gap#Noun"
],
[
"boards",
"board#Noun"
],
[
"wooden",
"wooden"
],
[
"ships",
"ship#Noun"
],
[
"joints",
"joint#Noun"
],
[
"masonry",
"masonry"
],
[
"plumbing",
"plumbing#Noun"
],
[
"dressing",
"dress#Verb"
],
[
"wounds",
"wound#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krybe"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "vuš",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "վուշ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "süs",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "сүс"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kǎlčišta",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "кълчища"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "koudel"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "værk"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"feminine"
],
"word": "hede"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"neuter"
],
"word": "werk"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "stupo"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "rive"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "étoupe"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "filasse"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stope"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "estopa"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Werg"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stoupí",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στουπί"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "stuppeîon",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στυππεῖον"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "neoret",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "נְעֹרֶת"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "csepű"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "kóc"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "szösz"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stoppa"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "níški",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ни́шки"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "okamu"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "drevgarn"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "قونداق"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "قنداق"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kondak, kundak",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "قوندق"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "üstüpü",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "استوپی"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "pakuły"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "estopa"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "câlți"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páklja",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "па́кля"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "па́клина (páklina, literally “piece of oakum”)",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"regional"
]
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "stq",
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Wäierk"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кучина"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kučina"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "estopa"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "drevgarn"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "çübek"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kitanāra",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "కితనార"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kittanāra",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "కిత్తనార"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "üstüpü"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "kuž",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "куж"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "esu",
"lang": "Yup'ik",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "kalap'aataq"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈəʊkəm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈoʊk(ə)m/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊkəm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-oakum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oakum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oakum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oakum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oakum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "oakum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English historical terms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ew-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵembʰ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *úd",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *ǵómbʰos",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/əʊkəm",
"Rhymes:English/əʊkəm/2 syllables",
"en:Fibers",
"en:Flax"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pick oakum"
},
{
"word": "since Adam was an oakum boy"
},
{
"word": "since Adam was an oakum boy in Chatham Dockyard"
},
{
"word": "when Adam was an oakum boy"
},
{
"word": "when Adam was an oakum boy in Chatham Dockyard"
},
{
"word": "white oakum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*úd"
},
"expansion": "*úd",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "úd"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *úd",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵómbʰos"
},
"expansion": "*ǵómbʰos",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ǵómbʰos"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *ǵómbʰos",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ew-",
"4": "*ǵembʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "okom"
},
"expansion": "Middle English okom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "okome",
"t": "oakum"
},
"expansion": "okome (“oakum”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "(Late Middle English) occome, ockom, ockombe, ocomb, okam, okcom, okem, okum, (Early Middle English) acuma",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ācumba",
"lit": "that which has been combed out, off-combings",
"t": "oakum"
},
"expansion": "Old English ācumba (“oakum”, literally “that which has been combed out, off-combings”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "acuma, acumb, acumbe, æcumba, æcumbe, (Early Old English) æcembe, ecambe (Mercia)",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ācemban",
"t": "to comb out"
},
"expansion": "ācemban (“to comb out”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*uz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *uz-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ud-s-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ud-s-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*úd",
"3": "*ūd-",
"4": "out; up"
},
"expansion": "*ūd- (“out; up”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂ew-",
"t": "away from, off"
},
"expansion": "*h₂ew- (“away from, off”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kambijaną",
"t": "to comb"
},
"expansion": "*kambijaną (“to comb”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵómbʰos",
"t": "row of teeth; tooth; peg"
},
"expansion": "*ǵómbʰos (“row of teeth; tooth; peg”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵembʰ-",
"t": "nail; tooth; to gnaw through; to pierce"
},
"expansion": "*ǵembʰ- (“nail; tooth; to gnaw through; to pierce”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "out"
},
"expansion": "out",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comb"
},
"expansion": "comb",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English okom, okome (“oakum”) [and other forms], from Old English ācumba (“oakum”, literally “that which has been combed out, off-combings”) [and other forms], from ācemban (“to comb out”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (from Proto-Indo-European *ud-s-, *ūd- (“out; up”), or *h₂ew- (“away from, off”)) + *kambijaną (“to comb”) (ultimately from *ǵómbʰos (“row of teeth; tooth; peg”), *ǵembʰ- (“nail; tooth; to gnaw through; to pierce”)). See also out and comb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "oakums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "oakum (countable and uncountable, plural oakums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"oak‧um"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "fid"
},
{
"word": "pledget"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chinse"
},
{
"word": "fother"
},
{
"word": "making-iron"
},
{
"word": "meaking iron"
},
{
"word": "ripping iron"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning."
],
"links": [
[
"Coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"fibre",
"fibre"
],
[
"separated",
"separate#Verb"
],
[
"hackling",
"hackle#Verb"
],
[
"flax",
"flax"
],
[
"hemp",
"hemp"
],
[
"preparing",
"prepare"
],
[
"spinning",
"spinning#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hards"
},
{
"word": "tow"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1740 March 18 (date written; Gregorian calendar), W. Richardson, “A Letter from Jamaica, by the Author of that in p. 144”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine: Or, Monthly Intelligencer, London: […] F. Cave, jun., […], published June 1740, →OCLC, page 300, column 1",
"text": "It vvas reſolved hovvever to proceed on our Voyage, vvhich vve did for ten Days, in hopes by the Oakums ſvvelling the Leak might grovv leſs; but to our great Surpriſe, after very hard VVeather near Porto Bello, and not being able to reach it, it increaſed to double the Quantity.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1856 January 17, “Douglas v. Watson”, in Chauncey Smith, editor, English Reports in Law and Equity: […], volume XXXIV, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 448",
"text": "On the 24th of November, the plaintiff wrote the following reply, addressing it to George Havelock:– \"Yours containing order for oakums came duly to hand. As it will take three or four days before the white oakum arrives here, we cannot till after that time supply the same. All will be forwarded together. The price of white and brown oakum will be 30s. per cwt. Yours, &c., W. H. Douglas and Co.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1912, “The Murray Roofing Tile Company”, in Sweet’s Catalogue of Building Construction for 1912 […], New York, N.Y.: The Architectural Record Co., →OCLC, page 507",
"text": "Shingle Tiles make a Leak-Proof roof without the use of cements and spun oakums.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1983, Peter Ackroyd, “4 October 1900”, in The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde, London, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, published 1993, page 154",
"text": "My eyesight began to fail, from the strain of picking oakum in my cell.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016 June 7, Yaa Gyasi, “Kojo”, in Homegoing, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, published June 2017, page 116",
"text": "Earlier that morning he had gotten the oakum ready for the deck, soaking the hemp in pine tar.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope, which are used to caulk or pack gaps between boards of wooden ships and joints in masonry and plumbing, and sometimes for dressing wounds."
],
"links": [
[
"obtain",
"obtain"
],
[
"untwist",
"untwist"
],
[
"old",
"old#Adjective"
],
[
"rope",
"rope#Noun"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"caulk",
"caulk#Verb"
],
[
"pack",
"pack#Verb"
],
[
"gaps",
"gap#Noun"
],
[
"boards",
"board#Noun"
],
[
"wooden",
"wooden"
],
[
"ships",
"ship#Noun"
],
[
"joints",
"joint#Noun"
],
[
"masonry",
"masonry"
],
[
"plumbing",
"plumbing#Noun"
],
[
"dressing",
"dress#Verb"
],
[
"wounds",
"wound#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈəʊkəm/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈoʊk(ə)m/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊkəm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-oakum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oakum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oakum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fa/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oakum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-oakum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning",
"word": "stupo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning",
"word": "rohdin"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning",
"word": "tappura"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "stuppeîon",
"sense": "coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στυππεῖον"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páklja",
"sense": "coarse fibres separated by hackling from flax or hemp when preparing the latter for spinning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "па́кля"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krybe"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "vuš",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "վուշ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "süs",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "сүс"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kǎlčišta",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural"
],
"word": "кълчища"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "koudel"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "værk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"feminine"
],
"word": "hede"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"neuter"
],
"word": "werk"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "stupo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "rive"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "étoupe"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "filasse"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stope"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "estopa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Werg"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stoupí",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στουπί"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "stuppeîon",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στυππεῖον"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "neoret",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "נְעֹרֶת"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "csepű"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "kóc"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "szösz"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stoppa"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "níški",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ни́шки"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "okamu"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "drevgarn"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "قونداق"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "قنداق"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kondak, kundak",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "قوندق"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "üstüpü",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "استوپی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "pakuły"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "estopa"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "câlți"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "páklja",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "па́кля"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"note": "па́клина (páklina, literally “piece of oakum”)",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"regional"
]
},
{
"code": "stq",
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Wäierk"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "кучина"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"feminine"
],
"word": "kučina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "estopa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "drevgarn"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "çübek"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kitanāra",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "కితనార"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kittanāra",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "కిత్తనార"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "üstüpü"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "kuž",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "куж"
},
{
"code": "esu",
"lang": "Yup'ik",
"sense": "fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope which are used to caulk, etc.",
"word": "kalap'aataq"
}
],
"word": "oakum"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.