See penal on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penal code"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penal colony"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penal law"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penally"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penal notice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penal officer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penal populism"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penal rosary"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penal substitution"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "peinal"
},
"expansion": "Old French peinal",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "penalis"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin penalis",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "poenalis"
},
"expansion": "Latin poenalis",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "punishment"
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"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “punishment”)",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂",
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French peinal, from Medieval Latin penalis, from Latin poenalis, from poena (“punishment”), from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “punishment”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "-"
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"expansion": "penal (not comparable)",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "penality"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penalize"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "penalty"
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"senses": [
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{
"_dis": "30 38 32 0",
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{
"_dis": "29 36 31 4",
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"_dis": "30 38 32 0",
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"_dis": "29 36 31 4",
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{
"_dis": "30 38 32 0",
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"examples": [
{
"text": "penal servitude",
"type": "example"
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],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to punishment."
],
"id": "en-penal-en-adj-VZLQgFG9",
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
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],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jazāʔiyy",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "جَزَائِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕiqābiyy",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "عِقَابِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kárny",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "ка́рны"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "štrafný",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "штрафны́"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakazátelen",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "наказа́телен"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "刑罰的"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xíngfá de",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "刑罚的"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xíngshì de",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "刑事的"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "pønal"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "straffe-"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "prizona"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "puna"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "rangaistus-"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "pénal"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "strafrechtlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"alt": "けいばつの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "keibatsu no",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "刑罰の"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"alt": "けいじじょうの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "keijijō no",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "刑事上の"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hyeongbeorui",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "형벌의"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "karny"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "penal"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karátelʹnyj",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "кара́тельный"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štrafnój",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "штрафно́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "katoržnyj",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "каторжный"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kárnyj",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "ка́рний"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "štrafnýj",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "штрафни́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "69 20 12 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "karálʹnyj",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "кара́льний"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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{
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{
"_dis": "29 40 29 2",
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"_dis": "27 41 28 4",
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"_dis": "30 38 32 0",
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"_dis": "29 36 31 4",
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"_dis": "26 42 29 4",
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{
"_dis": "27 43 27 3",
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{
"_dis": "30 38 32 0",
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{
"_dis": "27 41 28 4",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
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{
"text": "a penal offence",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Subject to punishment; punishable."
],
"id": "en-penal-en-adj--U4bj8G1",
"links": [
[
"Subject",
"subject"
],
[
"punishable",
"punishable"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "29 36 31 4",
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"_dis": "30 38 32 0",
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"_dis": "29 36 31 4",
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{
"_dis": "30 38 32 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a penal colony",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Serving as a place of punishment."
],
"id": "en-penal-en-adj-zEJPKHjy",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a penal rate of interest.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Exorbitant."
],
"id": "en-penal-en-adj-TNLIn589",
"links": [
[
"Exorbitant",
"exorbitant"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiːnəl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-penal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penal.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-iːnəl"
},
{
"homophone": "penile stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"hypercorrect"
],
"word": "pænal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"hypercorrect",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "pænall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "penall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "pœnal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "pœnall"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
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{
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"1": "ca",
"2": "pena",
"3": "al"
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"expansion": "pena + -al",
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],
"etymology_text": "From pena + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penals",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "colònia penal"
},
{
"word": "penalitzar"
}
],
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"penal, criminal"
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[
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"tags": [
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],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pəˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
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{
"ipa": "[peˈnal]",
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{
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"word": "penal"
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{
"form": "penals",
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "penal m (plural penals)",
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"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
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"_dis": "8 92",
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{
"word": "àrea de penal"
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"penalty"
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"ball game",
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"penalty"
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"raw_glosses": [
"(ball games) penalty"
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"tags": [
"masculine"
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"topics": [
"ball-games",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pəˈnal]",
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{
"ipa": "[peˈnal]",
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{
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{
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"t1": "stone"
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}
],
"etymology_text": "14th century. From pena (“stone”) + -al.",
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{
"form": "penais",
"tags": [
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "[We shall build]] a boundary, made of good wall, from the extreme of the lateral wall of that house … till a cross (+) that we have signalled and done as mark and division in the wall of the garden that belongs to you, the aforementioned lawyer, and to your brothers",
"ref": "1429, M. Lucas Alvarez & M. J. Justo Martín (eds.), Fontes documentais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Pergameos da serie Bens do Arquivo Histórico Universitario (Anos 1237-1537). Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 307",
"text": "huna estrema de boa parede des lo canto mays de baixo do penal da dita casa … asta huna crus (+) que asignalamos e fezemos por marqua e deuision enna parede da orta de vos o dito liçençiado e vosos yrmâôs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shorter, lateral wall of a house"
],
"id": "en-penal-gl-noun-eshMV1j0",
"links": [
[
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]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"supporting wall"
],
"id": "en-penal-gl-noun-C~el0xc7",
"links": [
[
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"supporting"
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[
"wall",
"wall"
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"synonyms": [
{
"word": "parede mestra"
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],
"tags": [
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},
{
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{
"_dis": "12 4 8 70 4 2",
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{
"_dis": "10 22 60 7",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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],
"glosses": [
"each one of the slabs which tops a wall to protect it from the rain"
],
"id": "en-penal-gl-noun-TzpJmje9",
"links": [
[
"slab",
"slab"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"eaves"
],
"id": "en-penal-gl-noun-q3nkM2O5",
"links": [
[
"eaves",
"eaves"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beirado"
},
{
"word": "beiril"
},
{
"word": "sobrepena"
},
{
"word": "sopena"
},
{
"word": "topete"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnal/"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "poenalis",
"t": "penal"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin poenalis (“penal”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin poenalis (“penal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penal m or f (plural penais)",
"name": "gl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"penal (of or relating to punishment)"
],
"id": "en-penal-gl-adj-Zt84Uq5f",
"links": [
[
"penal",
"penal#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnal/"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "poenalis",
"t": "penal"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin poenalis (“penal”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin poenalis (“penal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "penal m (plural penais)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"prison"
],
"id": "en-penal-gl-noun-TVkbdrcX",
"links": [
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"word": "cárcere"
},
{
"word": "trenla"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnal/"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "penala",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penai",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "adjective",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "penal m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pena",
"2": "l"
},
"expansion": "penal m (feminine singular penala, masculine plural penai, feminine plural penales)",
"name": "lld-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"penal"
],
"id": "en-penal-lld-adj-3zOMs1XO",
"links": [
[
"penal",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "poenālis"
},
"expansion": "Latin poenālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pena",
"3": "-al",
"t1": "punishment"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, pena (“punishment”) + -al",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poenālis. By surface analysis, pena (“punishment”) + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penal m or f (plural penais)",
"name": "pt-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nal"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "penalmente"
}
],
"glosses": [
"penal (related to punishment, often in legal context)"
],
"id": "en-penal-pt-adj-P1dmZim1",
"links": [
[
"penal",
"penal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɨˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɨˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈna.li/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal) -al"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -aw"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "de",
"3": "Pennal"
},
"expansion": "German Pennal",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "pennale"
},
"expansion": "Latin pennale",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pena",
"3": "-al",
"t1": "feather"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, pena (“feather”) + -al",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Pennal, from Latin pennale, from penna (“feather”). Likely reinforced by Ukrainian and Russian пенал (penal). By surface analysis, pena (“feather”) + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "penal m (plural penais)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nal"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catarinense Portuguese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Paranaense Portuguese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pencil case"
],
"id": "en-penal-pt-noun-O3S8VLbC",
"links": [
[
"pencil case",
"pencil case"
]
],
"qualifier": "Santa Catarina",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Paraná, Santa Catarina) pencil case"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "estojo"
}
],
"tags": [
"Paraná",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɨˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɨˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈna.li/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal) -al"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -aw"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "From pênalti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "penal m (plural penais)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nal"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Brazilian Portuguese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pt",
"name": "Football (soccer)",
"orig": "pt:Football (soccer)",
"parents": [
"Football",
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 12 8 11 9 1 2 1 3 13 1 1 3 1 21 0 1 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 15 6 7 6 1 1 1 2 15 1 1 2 1 25 0 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 1 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"penalty"
],
"id": "en-penal-pt-noun-3r~FQwMw",
"links": [
[
"soccer",
"soccer"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Brazil, soccer) penalty"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Portugal"
],
"word": "penálti"
},
{
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "pênalti"
}
],
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"soccer",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɨˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɨˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈna.li/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal) -al"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -aw"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "poenalis"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin poenalis",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "pénal"
},
"expansion": "French pénal",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin poenalis or French pénal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penală",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penali",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penale",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penală",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penalul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penalele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penalului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penalelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penal m or n (feminine singular penală, masculine plural penali, feminine and neuter plural penale)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"penal"
],
"id": "en-penal-ro-adj-3zOMs1XO",
"links": [
[
"penal",
"penal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "poenālis"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin poenālis",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin poenālis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penal m or f (masculine and feminine plural penales)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nal"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"penal"
],
"id": "en-penal-es-adj-3zOMs1XO",
"links": [
[
"penal",
"penal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnal/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnal]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "antecedentes penales"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "código penal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "colonia penal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Corte Penal Internacional"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "derecho penal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penalidad"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penalización"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penalmente"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "proceso penal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "poenālis"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin poenālis",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin poenālis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "penal m (plural penales)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nal"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pena"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a kind of prison"
],
"id": "en-penal-es-noun-tacFQuir",
"links": [
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Football (soccer)",
"orig": "es:Football (soccer)",
"parents": [
"Football",
"Ball games",
"Sports",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"penalty"
],
"id": "en-penal-es-noun-3r~FQwMw",
"links": [
[
"soccer",
"soccer"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(soccer) penalty"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"soccer",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnal/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnal]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "es",
"3": "penal"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Spanish penal",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "poenālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin poenālis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish penal, from Late Latin poenālis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penál",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜉᜒᜈᜎ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "penál",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "penál (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈᜎ᜔)",
"name": "tl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nal"
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 8 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"penal"
],
"id": "en-penal-tl-adj-3zOMs1XO",
"links": [
[
"penal",
"penal#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kodigo penal"
},
{
"word": "pena"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɛˈn̪al]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan adjectives",
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan epicene adjectives",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine nouns",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms suffixed with -al",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Catalan/al",
"Rhymes:Catalan/al/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "colònia penal"
},
{
"word": "penalitzar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pena",
"3": "al"
},
"expansion": "pena + -al",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pena + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penals",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penal m or f (masculine and feminine plural penals)",
"name": "ca-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"penal, criminal"
],
"links": [
[
"penal",
"penal#English"
],
[
"criminal",
"criminal"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pəˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan adjectives",
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan epicene adjectives",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan masculine nouns",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms suffixed with -al",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Catalan/al",
"Rhymes:Catalan/al/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "àrea de penal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "pena",
"3": "al"
},
"expansion": "pena + -al",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pena + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "penal m (plural penals)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ca:Ball games"
],
"glosses": [
"penalty"
],
"links": [
[
"ball game",
"ball game"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ball games) penalty"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pəˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnal]",
"tags": [
"Valencia"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey-",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/iːnəl",
"Rhymes:English/iːnəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "penal code"
},
{
"word": "penal colony"
},
{
"word": "penal law"
},
{
"word": "penally"
},
{
"word": "penal notice"
},
{
"word": "penal officer"
},
{
"word": "penal populism"
},
{
"word": "penal rosary"
},
{
"word": "penal substitution"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "peinal"
},
"expansion": "Old French peinal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "penalis"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin penalis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "poenalis"
},
"expansion": "Latin poenalis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "punishment"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “punishment”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷoynéh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French peinal, from Medieval Latin penalis, from Latin poenalis, from poena (“punishment”), from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “punishment”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "penal (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "penality"
},
{
"word": "penalize"
},
{
"word": "penalty"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "penal servitude",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to punishment."
],
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a penal offence",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Subject to punishment; punishable."
],
"links": [
[
"Subject",
"subject"
],
[
"punishable",
"punishable"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a penal colony",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Serving as a place of punishment."
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a penal rate of interest.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Exorbitant."
],
"links": [
[
"Exorbitant",
"exorbitant"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiːnəl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-penal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penal.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːnəl"
},
{
"homophone": "penile stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic",
"hypercorrect"
],
"word": "pænal"
},
{
"tags": [
"hypercorrect",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "pænall"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "penall"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "pœnal"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "pœnall"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jazāʔiyy",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "جَزَائِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕiqābiyy",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "عِقَابِيّ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kárny",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "ка́рны"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "štrafný",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "штрафны́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakazátelen",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "наказа́телен"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "刑罰的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xíngfá de",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "刑罚的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xíngshì de",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "刑事的"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "pønal"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "straffe-"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "prizona"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "puna"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "rangaistus-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "pénal"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "strafrechtlich"
},
{
"alt": "けいばつの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "keibatsu no",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "刑罰の"
},
{
"alt": "けいじじょうの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "keijijō no",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "刑事上の"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hyeongbeorui",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "형벌의"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "karny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "penal"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karátelʹnyj",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "кара́тельный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štrafnój",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "штрафно́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "katoržnyj",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "каторжный"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kárnyj",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "ка́рний"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "štrafnýj",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "штрафни́й"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "karálʹnyj",
"sense": "of or relating to punishment",
"word": "кара́льний"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician adjectives",
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician masculine nouns",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Late Latin",
"Galician terms suffixed with -al",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "pena",
"3": "al",
"t1": "stone"
},
"expansion": "pena (“stone”) + -al",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "14th century. From pena (“stone”) + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "penal m (plural penais)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "[We shall build]] a boundary, made of good wall, from the extreme of the lateral wall of that house … till a cross (+) that we have signalled and done as mark and division in the wall of the garden that belongs to you, the aforementioned lawyer, and to your brothers",
"ref": "1429, M. Lucas Alvarez & M. J. Justo Martín (eds.), Fontes documentais da Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Pergameos da serie Bens do Arquivo Histórico Universitario (Anos 1237-1537). Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 307",
"text": "huna estrema de boa parede des lo canto mays de baixo do penal da dita casa … asta huna crus (+) que asignalamos e fezemos por marqua e deuision enna parede da orta de vos o dito liçençiado e vosos yrmâôs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shorter, lateral wall of a house"
],
"links": [
[
"wall",
"wall"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"supporting wall"
],
"links": [
[
"supporting",
"supporting"
],
[
"wall",
"wall"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "parede mestra"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"each one of the slabs which tops a wall to protect it from the rain"
],
"links": [
[
"slab",
"slab"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"eaves"
],
"links": [
[
"eaves",
"eaves"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beirado"
},
{
"word": "beiril"
},
{
"word": "sobrepena"
},
{
"word": "sopena"
},
{
"word": "topete"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnal/"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician adjectives",
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician masculine nouns",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Late Latin",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "poenalis",
"t": "penal"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin poenalis (“penal”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin poenalis (“penal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penal m or f (plural penais)",
"name": "gl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"penal (of or relating to punishment)"
],
"links": [
[
"penal",
"penal#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnal/"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician adjectives",
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician masculine nouns",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Late Latin",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "poenalis",
"t": "penal"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin poenalis (“penal”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin poenalis (“penal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "penal m (plural penais)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"prison"
],
"links": [
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cadea"
},
{
"word": "cárcere"
},
{
"word": "trenla"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnal/"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "penala",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penai",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "adjective",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "penal m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pena",
"2": "l"
},
"expansion": "penal m (feminine singular penala, masculine plural penai, feminine plural penales)",
"name": "lld-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Ladin",
"lang_code": "lld",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ladin adjectives",
"Ladin entries with incorrect language header",
"Ladin lemmas",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"penal"
],
"links": [
[
"penal",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese adjectives",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms suffixed with -al",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/al",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/al/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/aw",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/aw/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "penalmente"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "poenālis"
},
"expansion": "Latin poenālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pena",
"3": "-al",
"t1": "punishment"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, pena (“punishment”) + -al",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin poenālis. By surface analysis, pena (“punishment”) + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penal m or f (plural penais)",
"name": "pt-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nal"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"penal (related to punishment, often in legal context)"
],
"links": [
[
"penal",
"penal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɨˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɨˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈna.li/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal) -al"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -aw"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from German",
"Portuguese terms derived from German",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms suffixed with -al",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/al",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/al/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/aw",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/aw/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "de",
"3": "Pennal"
},
"expansion": "German Pennal",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "pennale"
},
"expansion": "Latin pennale",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pena",
"3": "-al",
"t1": "feather"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, pena (“feather”) + -al",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Pennal, from Latin pennale, from penna (“feather”). Likely reinforced by Ukrainian and Russian пенал (penal). By surface analysis, pena (“feather”) + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "penal m (plural penais)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nal"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catarinense Portuguese",
"Paranaense Portuguese"
],
"glosses": [
"pencil case"
],
"links": [
[
"pencil case",
"pencil case"
]
],
"qualifier": "Santa Catarina",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Paraná, Santa Catarina) pencil case"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "estojo"
}
],
"tags": [
"Paraná",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɨˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɨˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈna.li/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal) -al"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -aw"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/al",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/al/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/aw",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/aw/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "From pênalti.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "penal m (plural penais)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nal"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Brazilian Portuguese",
"pt:Football (soccer)"
],
"glosses": [
"penalty"
],
"links": [
[
"soccer",
"soccer"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Brazil, soccer) penalty"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Portugal"
],
"word": "penálti"
},
{
"tags": [
"Brazil"
],
"word": "pênalti"
}
],
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"soccer",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɨˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɨˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈna.li/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal) -al"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -aw"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "poenalis"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin poenalis",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "pénal"
},
"expansion": "French pénal",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin poenalis or French pénal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penală",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penali",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penale",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penală",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penalul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penalele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penalului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penalilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penalelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penal m or n (feminine singular penală, masculine plural penali, feminine and neuter plural penale)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"penal"
],
"links": [
[
"penal",
"penal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/al",
"Rhymes:Spanish/al/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish adjectives",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish epicene adjectives",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Late Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "poenālis"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin poenālis",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin poenālis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penal m or f (masculine and feminine plural penales)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nal"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"penal"
],
"links": [
[
"penal",
"penal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnal/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnal]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/al",
"Rhymes:Spanish/al/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish adjectives",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish epicene adjectives",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from Late Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish terms with audio links"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antecedentes penales"
},
{
"word": "código penal"
},
{
"word": "colonia penal"
},
{
"word": "Corte Penal Internacional"
},
{
"word": "derecho penal"
},
{
"word": "penalidad"
},
{
"word": "penalización"
},
{
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"word": "penalmente"
},
{
"word": "proceso penal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "poenālis"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin poenālis",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin poenālis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penales",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "penal m (plural penales)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nal"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pena"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a kind of prison"
],
"links": [
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"es:Football (soccer)"
],
"glosses": [
"penalty"
],
"links": [
[
"soccer",
"soccer"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(soccer) penalty"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"ball-games",
"games",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"soccer",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnal/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnal]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "es",
"3": "penal"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Spanish penal",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "poenālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin poenālis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish penal, from Late Latin poenālis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penál",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ᜉᜒᜈᜎ᜔",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "penál",
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "penál (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈᜎ᜔)",
"name": "tl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧nal"
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "kodigo penal"
},
{
"word": "pena"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/al",
"Rhymes:Tagalog/al/2 syllables",
"Tagalog 2-syllable words",
"Tagalog adjectives",
"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog lemmas",
"Tagalog terms borrowed from Spanish",
"Tagalog terms derived from Late Latin",
"Tagalog terms derived from Spanish",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries"
],
"glosses": [
"penal"
],
"links": [
[
"penal",
"penal#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[pɛˈn̪al]",
"tags": [
"Standard-Tagalog"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "penal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for penal meaning in All languages combined (27.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.