See penalize on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for penalize meaning in All languages combined (6.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penal",
"3": "ize"
},
"expansion": "penal + -ize",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From penal + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penalizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penalizing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "penalized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "penalized",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penalize (third-person singular simple present penalizes, present participle penalizing, simple past and past participle penalized)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penalization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penalty"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation."
],
"id": "en-penalize-en-verb-GtmSABJN",
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"infringement",
"infringement"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"regulation",
"regulation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tuganel",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "տուգանել"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patžel",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "պատժել"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakazvam",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "наказвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalitzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "straffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "pénaliser"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "megbüntet"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "pionósaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "ngahi"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "ngawhi"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "straffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tanbih kardan",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "تنبیه کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štrafovátʹ",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "штрафова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "нака́зывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karatʹsja zakonom",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "караться законом"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "cezalandırmak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "en:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ize",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To impose a handicap on."
],
"id": "en-penalize-en-verb-sj-JPoi3",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"impose",
"impose"
],
[
"handicap",
"handicap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, sports) To impose a handicap on."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tuganel",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "տուգանել"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "penalizzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štrafovátʹ",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "штрафова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakládyvatʹ štraf",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "накла́дывать штраф"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "infligir un castigo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛn.əl.aɪz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-penalize.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/En-au-penalize.ogg/En-au-penalize.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/En-au-penalize.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "penalise"
}
],
"word": "penalize"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "penalize",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penalizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penalizar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-penalize-pt-verb-uRIzg7Oa",
"links": [
[
"penalizar",
"penalizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of penalizar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penalizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penalizar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-penalize-pt-verb-jy7jPjLS",
"links": [
[
"penalizar",
"penalizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of penalizar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "penalize"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey-",
"English terms suffixed with -ize",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penal",
"3": "ize"
},
"expansion": "penal + -ize",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From penal + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penalizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penalizing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "penalized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "penalized",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penalize (third-person singular simple present penalizes, present participle penalizing, simple past and past participle penalized)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "penal"
},
{
"word": "penalization"
},
{
"word": "penalty"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation."
],
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"infringement",
"infringement"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"regulation",
"regulation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"To impose a handicap on."
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"impose",
"impose"
],
[
"handicap",
"handicap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, sports) To impose a handicap on."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛn.əl.aɪz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-penalize.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/En-au-penalize.ogg/En-au-penalize.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/En-au-penalize.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "penalise"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tuganel",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "տուգանել"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patžel",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "պատժել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakazvam",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "наказвам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalitzar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "straffen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "pénaliser"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "megbüntet"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "pionósaigh"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "ngahi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "ngawhi"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "straffe"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tanbih kardan",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "تنبیه کردن"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štrafovátʹ",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "штрафова́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "нака́зывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karatʹsja zakonom",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "караться законом"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "cezalandırmak"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tuganel",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "տուգանել"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "penalizzare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štrafovátʹ",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "штрафова́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakládyvatʹ štraf",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "накла́дывать штраф"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "infligir un castigo"
}
],
"word": "penalize"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "penalize",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penalizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penalizar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"penalizar",
"penalizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of penalizar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penalizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penalizar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"penalizar",
"penalizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of penalizar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "penalize"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.