See penalize in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penal",
"3": "ize"
},
"expansion": "penal + -ize",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From penal + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penalizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penalizing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "penalized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "penalized",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penalize (third-person singular simple present penalizes, present participle penalizing, simple past and past participle penalized)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penalization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "penalty"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation."
],
"id": "en-penalize-en-verb-GtmSABJN",
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"infringement",
"infringement"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"regulation",
"regulation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tuganel",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "տուգանել"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patžel",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "պատժել"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakazvam",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "наказвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalitzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "straffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "pénaliser"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "megbüntet"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "pionósaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "ngahi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "ngawhi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "straffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tanbih kardan",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "تنبیه کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štrafovátʹ",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "штрафова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "нака́зывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karatʹsja zakonom",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "караться законом"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "cezalandırmak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "en:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ize",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
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{
"_dis": "46 54",
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{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To impose a handicap on."
],
"id": "en-penalize-en-verb-sj-JPoi3",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"impose",
"impose"
],
[
"handicap",
"handicap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, sports) To impose a handicap on."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tuganel",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "տուգանել"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "penalizzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štrafovátʹ",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "штрафова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakládyvatʹ štraf",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "накла́дывать штраф"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "infligir un castigo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛn.əl.aɪz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-penalize.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/En-au-penalize.ogg/En-au-penalize.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/En-au-penalize.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "penalise"
}
],
"word": "penalize"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey-",
"English terms suffixed with -ize",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penal",
"3": "ize"
},
"expansion": "penal + -ize",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From penal + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penalizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penalizing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "penalized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "penalized",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penalize (third-person singular simple present penalizes, present participle penalizing, simple past and past participle penalized)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "penal"
},
{
"word": "penalization"
},
{
"word": "penalty"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation."
],
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"infringement",
"infringement"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"regulation",
"regulation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"To impose a handicap on."
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"impose",
"impose"
],
[
"handicap",
"handicap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, sports) To impose a handicap on."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛn.əl.aɪz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-penalize.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/En-au-penalize.ogg/En-au-penalize.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/En-au-penalize.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "penalise"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tuganel",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "տուգանել"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patžel",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "պատժել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakazvam",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "наказвам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalitzar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "straffen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "pénaliser"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "megbüntet"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "pionósaigh"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "ngahi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "ngawhi"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "straffe"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tanbih kardan",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "تنبیه کردن"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štrafovátʹ",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "штрафова́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "нака́зывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karatʹsja zakonom",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "караться законом"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "cezalandırmak"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tuganel",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "տուգանել"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "penalizzare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štrafovátʹ",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "штрафова́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakládyvatʹ štraf",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "накла́дывать штраф"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "infligir un castigo"
}
],
"word": "penalize"
}
Download raw JSONL data for penalize meaning in English (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.