See bruk on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 16 10 12 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 9 6 4 1 6 0 1 1 8 1 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 8 14 9 11 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 8 8 5 0 7 0 1 1 10 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺"
],
"id": "en-bruk-got-romanization-bhEaAwX8",
"links": [
[
"𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺",
"𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "jv-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀"
],
"id": "en-bruk-jv-romanization-LW4tkbQv",
"links": [
[
"ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀",
"ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀#Javanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "sa",
"3": "वृक्क"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*wr̥tkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گرده",
"tr": "gorde"
},
"expansion": "Persian گرده (gorde)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás; compare Persian گرده (gorde).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "بروُک",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "Arabic",
"6": "بروُک",
"f1sc": "Latn",
"f2sc": "ks-Arab",
"head": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "bruk (Arabic بروُک)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"ar": "بروُک"
},
"expansion": "bruk (Arabic بروُک)",
"name": "kls-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kalasha",
"lang_code": "kls",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kalasha entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "kls",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "kls:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 16 10 12 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 9 6 4 1 6 0 1 1 8 1 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 8 14 9 11 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 8 8 5 0 7 0 1 1 10 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"id": "en-bruk-kls-noun-HfH8w8ta",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) kidney"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "brùk",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "brùk"
},
"expansion": "brùk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "brukti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of brukti"
],
"id": "en-bruk-lt-verb-YEa1ErIE",
"links": [
[
"brukti",
"brukti#Lithuanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[brʊk]"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian bruk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "brouk"
},
"expansion": "Czech brouk",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Upper Sorbian bruk and Czech brouk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruck",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dsb-decl-noun-19",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "brukam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "brukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "brukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an",
"dim": "bruck"
},
"expansion": "bruk m anim (diminutive bruck)",
"name": "dsb-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bru",
"2": "k",
"animate": "1"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun-19"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "dsb",
"name": "Beetles",
"orig": "dsb:Beetles",
"parents": [
"Insects",
"Arthropods",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 16 10 12 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 9 6 4 1 6 0 1 1 8 1 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 8 14 9 11 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 8 8 5 0 7 0 1 1 10 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "brucaś"
},
{
"word": "brucyk"
},
{
"word": "brucyś"
},
{
"word": "brukaś"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beetle (insect)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-dsb-noun-blcW4B1E",
"links": [
[
"beetle",
"beetle"
]
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bruk/"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruken",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "brukbar"
},
{
"word": "brukskonto"
},
{
"word": "bruksområde"
},
{
"word": "gjenbruk"
},
{
"word": "misbruk"
},
{
"word": "språkbruk"
},
{
"word": "vannbruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"use (noun)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-nb-noun-7DjomSiV",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "forbruk"
},
{
"word": "gårdsbruk"
},
{
"word": "hagebruk"
},
{
"word": "jordbruk"
},
{
"word": "landbruk"
},
{
"word": "melkebruk"
},
{
"word": "mjølkebruk"
},
{
"word": "sagbruk"
},
{
"word": "sauebruk"
},
{
"word": "skogbruk"
},
{
"word": "småbruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"farm, works, mill, factory (industrial undertaking)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-nb-noun-JWiv0leN",
"links": [
[
"farm",
"farm"
],
[
"works",
"works"
],
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"factory",
"factory"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verbf"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruke"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of bruke"
],
"id": "en-bruk-nb-verb-l1NBHEkh",
"links": [
[
"bruke",
"bruke#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruken",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "brukbar"
},
{
"word": "brukskonto"
},
{
"word": "bruksområde"
},
{
"word": "gjenbruk"
},
{
"word": "misbruk"
},
{
"word": "språkbruk"
},
{
"word": "voldsbruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"use (noun)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-nn-noun-7DjomSiV",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/brʉːk/"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "forbruk"
},
{
"word": "hagebruk"
},
{
"word": "jordbruk"
},
{
"word": "landbruk"
},
{
"word": "mjølkebruk"
},
{
"word": "sagbruk"
},
{
"word": "sauebruk"
},
{
"word": "skogbruk"
},
{
"word": "småbruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"farm, works, mill, factory (industrial undertaking)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-nn-noun-JWiv0leN",
"links": [
[
"farm",
"farm"
],
[
"works",
"works"
],
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"factory",
"factory"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/brʉːk/"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruka"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of bruka"
],
"id": "en-bruk-nn-verb-Q9sKAHzj",
"links": [
[
"bruka",
"bruka#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruke"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of bruke"
],
"id": "en-bruk-nn-verb-l1NBHEkh",
"links": [
[
"bruke",
"bruke#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/brʉːk/"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "bruk",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Polish: bruk, burk (Middle Polish, Far Masovian, Podhale), burg (Middle Polish)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: bruk, burk (Middle Polish, Far Masovian, Podhale), burg (Middle Polish)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"title": "Disputed"
},
"expansion": "Disputed",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "derived"
},
"expansion": "derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "gem",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "gem",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "derived from Germanic",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1476"
},
"expansion": "1476",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1476"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1476",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "de",
"3": "brugge<t:bridge, street><q:Central dialects>",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from German (Central dialects) brugge (“bridge, street”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Middle High German",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de-AT",
"2": "Innsbruck"
},
"expansion": "Austrian German Innsbruck",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk<t:broken off piece of stone, etc.>",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Middle Low German bruk (“broken off piece of stone, etc.”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bruch"
},
"expansion": "German Bruch",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed. Probably ultimately derived from Germanic. First attested in 1476.\n* Per Bruckner and Boryś, borrowed from German (Central dialects) brugge (“bridge, street”) with the semantic shift explained with the fact that bridge surfaces were generally hardened with stones.\n* Per Mańczak, this is phonetically impossible, and claims borrowed from Middle High German, as the second element of Austrian German Innsbruck.\n* Per Bańowski, borrowed from Middle Low German bruk (“broken off piece of stone, etc.”), cognate with modern German Bruch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruk m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "bruk m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 11 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1884 [1476], Ignacy Polkowski, editor, Katalog rękopisów kapitulnych katedry krakowskiej. Cz. 1, Kodexa rękopiśmienne 1-228, volume III, page 108:",
"text": "Bruk licostratus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1898-2024 [1488], Rocznik Krakowski, volume XVI, Krakow, page 56:",
"text": "Pater edificare tenebitur... licostratum al. brug",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 75r:",
"text": "Licostratus licostriges vel licostratum dicit Brito esse variationem coloris pauimenti et quodcumque aliud opus dummodo fit ex lapidibus diuesorum colorum brvk",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cobblestone surface (surface, e.g. floor or stone road surface paved with stones)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-zlw-opl-noun-oj457Uqn",
"links": [
[
"cobblestone",
"cobblestone"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) cobblestone surface (surface, e.g. floor or stone road surface paved with stones)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bruk/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bruk/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "na bruku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "na bruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "brukowiec"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sięgnąć bruku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "sięgać bruku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wyrzucić na bruk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "bruk",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish bruk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish bruk",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish bruk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brukowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "burk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "burg",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "brukowy"
},
"expansion": "bruk m inan (related adjective brukowy)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bruk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 23 3 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 28 7 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 28 6 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 13 7 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Roads",
"orig": "pl:Roads",
"parents": [
"Road transport",
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 38 10 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Rocks",
"orig": "pl:Rocks",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Natural materials",
"Earth sciences",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 25 10 30",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Walls and fences",
"orig": "pl:Walls and fences",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "On the basis of the observed exploitation one determines the percentage of action on roads with different kinds of pavement (asphalt, cobblestones, dirt roads) …",
"ref": "1969, Seweryn Orzełowski, Budowa podwozi i nadwozi samochodowych, 18th edition, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, page 379:",
"text": "Na podstawie obserwowanej eksploatacji wyznacza się [...] procentowe udziały pracy na drogach o różnych rodzajach nawierzchni (asfalt, bruk, drogi gruntowe)[...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The police is monitoring the ruined Wilcza [Wolf] Street. On it lie cobblestones, glass, and metal poles.",
"ref": "2013 November 11, “Wyrwany bruk, rozbite samochody. Skutki zamieszek”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2023-01-11:",
"text": "Policja pilnuje zniszczonej ulicy Wilczej. Leży na niej bruk, szkło i metalowe słupki.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "… the city government plans to remove the cobblestones and plant plants …",
"ref": "2021 September 11, Aleksandra Beldowicz, “Poznań stawia na rośliny w centrum miasta”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2021-09-20:",
"text": "[...] władze miasta planują usuwać bruk i sadzić rośliny [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "In these days, on Gęsia [Goose] Street, the repair of the asphalt pavement was begun; however, the work was momentarily stopped.",
"ref": "1934 June 13, “Zamach na asfalt magistracki”, in Józef Matuszczyk, editor, ABC: pismo codzienne informuje wszystkich o wszystkiem, number 161, Warszawa: Mazowiecka Spółka Wydawnicza, archived from the original on 2023-01-11, page 4:",
"text": "W tych dniach na ul. Gęsiej przystąpiono do naprawiania bruku asfaltowego, jednakże robotę chwilowo przerwano.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cobblestones (road pavement made of stones)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-pl-noun-S0ehUf1U",
"links": [
[
"cobblestone",
"cobblestone"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "pl:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 23 3 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 28 7 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 28 6 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 38 10 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Rocks",
"orig": "pl:Rocks",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Natural materials",
"Earth sciences",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 25 10 30",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Walls and fences",
"orig": "pl:Walls and fences",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"duricrust (rocky cover of the earth's crust formed on a layer of mixed composition)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-pl-noun-lYbIVtpE",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"duricrust",
"duricrust"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) duricrust (rocky cover of the earth's crust formed on a layer of mixed composition)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Far Masovian Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 38 10 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Rocks",
"orig": "pl:Rocks",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Natural materials",
"Earth sciences",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 25 10 30",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Walls and fences",
"orig": "pl:Walls and fences",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stone fence (fence of mossy, blackened stones)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-pl-noun-82rleYb0",
"links": [
[
"stone",
"stone"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Far Masovian, Łomża) stone fence (fence of mossy, blackened stones)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 9 6 6 0 1 2 0 1 2 2 5 10 6 1 15 0 2 1 12 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 23 3 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 28 6 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 28 7 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 28 6 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 38 10 19",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Rocks",
"orig": "pl:Rocks",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Natural materials",
"Earth sciences",
"Materials",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Manufacturing",
"All topics",
"Human activity",
"Fundamental",
"Human behaviour",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 25 10 30",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Walls and fences",
"orig": "pl:Walls and fences",
"parents": [
"Buildings and structures",
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"revelry; brawl"
],
"id": "en-bruk-pl-noun-oDwHteId",
"links": [
[
"revelry",
"revelry"
],
[
"brawl",
"brawl"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, figuratively) revelry; brawl"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "burda"
},
{
"word": "hulanka"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"figuratively",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbruk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbruk/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbruk/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "bróg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bróg"
},
{
"homophone": "Brug"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bruksanvisning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bruksindustri"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "mill town",
"word": "bruksort"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "brukspatron"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bruksmiljö"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "glasbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "jordbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "iron works, iron mill",
"word": "järnbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "murbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "natural resource use",
"word": "naturbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "paper mill",
"word": "pappersbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"forestry",
"business"
],
"word": "skogsbruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "aquaculture",
"word": "vattenbruk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "osx",
"4": "gmw-pro",
"5": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nds",
"3": "bruk",
"t": "use"
},
"expansion": "Low German bruk (“use”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Low German bruk (“use”), from the verb bruken (“to use”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-n-zero",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukets",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bruk n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "bruk n",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-n-zero"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "use",
"word": "bruka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "user",
"word": "brukare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "usable",
"word": "brukbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bruklig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "unusable",
"word": "obrukbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "användning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hytta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "verk"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have no use for it",
"text": "Jag har inget bruk för den",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"use, usage"
],
"id": "en-bruk-sv-noun-sv:use",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"usage",
"usage"
]
],
"qualifier": "regular or continuous",
"raw_glosses": [
"(regular or continuous) use, usage"
],
"senseid": [
"sv:use"
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"use, usage",
"cultivation, tillage, etc. (use of soil, land, or other resources)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-sv-noun-sv:use1",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"usage",
"usage"
],
[
"cultivation",
"cultivation"
],
[
"tillage",
"tillage"
]
],
"qualifier": "regular or continuous",
"raw_glosses": [
"(regular or continuous) use, usage",
"(in compounds) cultivation, tillage, etc. (use of soil, land, or other resources)"
],
"senseid": [
"sv:use"
],
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "customs and practices",
"text": "seder och bruk",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"practice (general habit of some group of people)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-sv-noun-lyF~DC1F",
"links": [
[
"practice",
"practice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, uncountable) practice (general habit of some group of people)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 8 14 9 11 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 8 8 5 0 7 0 1 1 10 1 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 9 6 6 0 1 2 0 1 2 2 5 10 6 1 15 0 2 1 12 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 10 7 70 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He works at the mill",
"text": "Han jobbar på bruket",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a mill, a works (industrial facility for processing raw materials, usually dealing with iron, wood, or glass – especially one with a long history)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-sv-noun-6ilYEcNH",
"links": [
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"works",
"works"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "More mortar in the trough, boys",
"text": "1948, Ulf Peder Olrog, song title\nMera bruk i baljan, boys",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mortar (mixture of cement)"
],
"id": "en-bruk-sv-noun-pLdBQuAB",
"links": [
[
"mortar",
"mortar"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "murbruk"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-bruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Sv-bruk.ogg/Sv-bruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Sv-bruk.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʉːk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sv:Kategori:Pappersbruk i Sverige",
"sv:bruk",
"sv:lista över glasbruk i Sverige",
"sv:lista över järnbruk i Sverige"
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "break"
},
"expansion": "English break",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English break.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruk intrans.",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "transitive brukim",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i",
"2": "brukim"
},
"expansion": "bruk intrans., transitive brukim",
"name": "tpi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "→New International Version translation",
"ref": "1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:10:",
"text": "Na wanpela wara i kamap long Iden bilong givim wara long dispela gaden. Dispela wara i bruk na i kamap 4-pela han wara",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"break"
],
"id": "en-bruk-tpi-verb-FOvlalAI",
"links": [
[
"break",
"break"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) break"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "break"
},
"expansion": "English break",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English break.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"broken"
],
"id": "en-bruk-tpi-adj-9SZ5XJU5",
"links": [
[
"broken",
"broken"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "brukim"
}
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺"
}
],
"categories": [
"Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"Gothic non-lemma forms",
"Gothic romanizations",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺"
],
"links": [
[
"𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺",
"𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "jv-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀"
}
],
"categories": [
"Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Javanese non-lemma forms",
"Javanese romanizations",
"Javanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀"
],
"links": [
[
"ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀",
"ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀#Javanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "sa",
"3": "वृक्क"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*wr̥tkás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گرده",
"tr": "gorde"
},
"expansion": "Persian گرده (gorde)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Sanskrit वृक्क (vṛkka), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥tkás; compare Persian گرده (gorde).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "بروُک",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kls",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "Arabic",
"6": "بروُک",
"f1sc": "Latn",
"f2sc": "ks-Arab",
"head": "",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "bruk (Arabic بروُک)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"ar": "بروُک"
},
"expansion": "bruk (Arabic بروُک)",
"name": "kls-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kalasha",
"lang_code": "kls",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kalasha entries with incorrect language header",
"Kalasha lemmas",
"Kalasha nouns",
"Kalasha terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Kalasha terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Kalasha terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Kalasha terms inherited from Sanskrit",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"kls:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"kidney"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"kidney",
"kidney"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) kidney"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "brùk",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "brùk"
},
"expansion": "brùk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lithuanian non-lemma forms",
"Lithuanian verb forms",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "brukti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular imperative of brukti"
],
"links": [
[
"brukti",
"brukti#Lithuanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[brʊk]"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "brucaś"
},
{
"word": "brucyk"
},
{
"word": "brucyś"
},
{
"word": "brukaś"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian bruk",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "brouk"
},
"expansion": "Czech brouk",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Upper Sorbian bruk and Czech brouk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruck",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dsb-decl-noun-19",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "brukam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukowu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukow",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "brukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukoma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "brukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an",
"dim": "bruck"
},
"expansion": "bruk m anim (diminutive bruck)",
"name": "dsb-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bru",
"2": "k",
"animate": "1"
},
"name": "dsb-decl-noun-19"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lower Sorbian animate nouns",
"Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Sorbian lemmas",
"Lower Sorbian masculine nouns",
"Lower Sorbian nouns",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"dsb:Beetles"
],
"glosses": [
"beetle (insect)"
],
"links": [
[
"beetle",
"beetle"
]
],
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bruk/"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "brukbar"
},
{
"word": "brukskonto"
},
{
"word": "bruksområde"
},
{
"word": "gjenbruk"
},
{
"word": "misbruk"
},
{
"word": "språkbruk"
},
{
"word": "vannbruk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruken",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"use (noun)"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "forbruk"
},
{
"word": "gårdsbruk"
},
{
"word": "hagebruk"
},
{
"word": "jordbruk"
},
{
"word": "landbruk"
},
{
"word": "melkebruk"
},
{
"word": "mjølkebruk"
},
{
"word": "sagbruk"
},
{
"word": "sauebruk"
},
{
"word": "skogbruk"
},
{
"word": "småbruk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"farm, works, mill, factory (industrial undertaking)"
],
"links": [
[
"farm",
"farm"
],
[
"works",
"works"
],
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"factory",
"factory"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
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"Pages with entries",
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"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
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"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verbf"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruke"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of bruke"
],
"links": [
[
"bruke",
"bruke#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
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"imperative"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "brukbar"
},
{
"word": "brukskonto"
},
{
"word": "bruksområde"
},
{
"word": "gjenbruk"
},
{
"word": "misbruk"
},
{
"word": "språkbruk"
},
{
"word": "voldsbruk"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruken",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"use (noun)"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/brʉːk/"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "forbruk"
},
{
"word": "hagebruk"
},
{
"word": "jordbruk"
},
{
"word": "landbruk"
},
{
"word": "mjølkebruk"
},
{
"word": "sagbruk"
},
{
"word": "sauebruk"
},
{
"word": "skogbruk"
},
{
"word": "småbruk"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"farm, works, mill, factory (industrial undertaking)"
],
"links": [
[
"farm",
"farm"
],
[
"works",
"works"
],
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"factory",
"factory"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/brʉːk/"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
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"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
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"2": "verb form"
},
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}
],
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{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruka"
}
],
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"imperative of bruka"
],
"links": [
[
"bruka",
"bruka#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruke"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of bruke"
],
"links": [
[
"bruke",
"bruke#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/brʉːk/"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "bruk",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Polish: bruk, burk (Middle Polish, Far Masovian, Podhale), burg (Middle Polish)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: bruk, burk (Middle Polish, Far Masovian, Podhale), burg (Middle Polish)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"title": "Disputed"
},
"expansion": "Disputed",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived terms",
"2": "derived"
},
"expansion": "derived",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "gem",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "gem",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "derived from Germanic",
"name": "der+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1476"
},
"expansion": "1476",
"name": "etydate/the"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1476"
},
"expansion": "First attested in 1476",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "de",
"3": "brugge<t:bridge, street><q:Central dialects>",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from German (Central dialects) brugge (“bridge, street”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Middle High German",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de-AT",
"2": "Innsbruck"
},
"expansion": "Austrian German Innsbruck",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruk<t:broken off piece of stone, etc.>",
"nocap": "1",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Middle Low German bruk (“broken off piece of stone, etc.”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bruch"
},
"expansion": "German Bruch",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Disputed. Probably ultimately derived from Germanic. First attested in 1476.\n* Per Bruckner and Boryś, borrowed from German (Central dialects) brugge (“bridge, street”) with the semantic shift explained with the fact that bridge surfaces were generally hardened with stones.\n* Per Mańczak, this is phonetically impossible, and claims borrowed from Middle High German, as the second element of Austrian German Innsbruck.\n* Per Bańowski, borrowed from Middle Low German bruk (“broken off piece of stone, etc.”), cognate with modern German Bruch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruk m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "bruk m animacy unattested",
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}
],
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Old Polish terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zlw-opl:Roads",
"zlw-opl:Rocks"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1884 [1476], Ignacy Polkowski, editor, Katalog rękopisów kapitulnych katedry krakowskiej. Cz. 1, Kodexa rękopiśmienne 1-228, volume III, page 108:",
"text": "Bruk licostratus",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1898-2024 [1488], Rocznik Krakowski, volume XVI, Krakow, page 56:",
"text": "Pater edificare tenebitur... licostratum al. brug",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 75r:",
"text": "Licostratus licostriges vel licostratum dicit Brito esse variationem coloris pauimenti et quodcumque aliud opus dummodo fit ex lapidibus diuesorum colorum brvk",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cobblestone surface (surface, e.g. floor or stone road surface paved with stones)"
],
"links": [
[
"cobblestone",
"cobblestone"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) cobblestone surface (surface, e.g. floor or stone road surface paved with stones)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bruk/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/bruk/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk/1 syllable",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs",
"pl:Roads",
"pl:Rocks",
"pl:Walls and fences"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "na bruku"
},
{
"word": "na bruk"
},
{
"word": "brukowiec"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "sięgnąć bruku"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "sięgać bruku"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "wyrzucić na bruk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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{
"args": {
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"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "bruk",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish bruk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "bruk"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish bruk",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish bruk.",
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{
"form": "brukowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukach",
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"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "burk",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "burg",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"adj": "brukowy"
},
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"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bruk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "On the basis of the observed exploitation one determines the percentage of action on roads with different kinds of pavement (asphalt, cobblestones, dirt roads) …",
"ref": "1969, Seweryn Orzełowski, Budowa podwozi i nadwozi samochodowych, 18th edition, Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne, page 379:",
"text": "Na podstawie obserwowanej eksploatacji wyznacza się [...] procentowe udziały pracy na drogach o różnych rodzajach nawierzchni (asfalt, bruk, drogi gruntowe)[...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "The police is monitoring the ruined Wilcza [Wolf] Street. On it lie cobblestones, glass, and metal poles.",
"ref": "2013 November 11, “Wyrwany bruk, rozbite samochody. Skutki zamieszek”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2023-01-11:",
"text": "Policja pilnuje zniszczonej ulicy Wilczej. Leży na niej bruk, szkło i metalowe słupki.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "… the city government plans to remove the cobblestones and plant plants …",
"ref": "2021 September 11, Aleksandra Beldowicz, “Poznań stawia na rośliny w centrum miasta”, in Rzeczpospolita, archived from the original on 2021-09-20:",
"text": "[...] władze miasta planują usuwać bruk i sadzić rośliny [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"english": "In these days, on Gęsia [Goose] Street, the repair of the asphalt pavement was begun; however, the work was momentarily stopped.",
"ref": "1934 June 13, “Zamach na asfalt magistracki”, in Józef Matuszczyk, editor, ABC: pismo codzienne informuje wszystkich o wszystkiem, number 161, Warszawa: Mazowiecka Spółka Wydawnicza, archived from the original on 2023-01-11, page 4:",
"text": "W tych dniach na ul. Gęsiej przystąpiono do naprawiania bruku asfaltowego, jednakże robotę chwilowo przerwano.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"cobblestone",
"cobblestone"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"duricrust (rocky cover of the earth's crust formed on a layer of mixed composition)"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"duricrust",
"duricrust"
]
],
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"(geology) duricrust (rocky cover of the earth's crust formed on a layer of mixed composition)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Far Masovian Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"stone fence (fence of mossy, blackened stones)"
],
"links": [
[
"stone",
"stone"
],
[
"fence",
"fence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Far Masovian, Łomża) stone fence (fence of mossy, blackened stones)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"revelry; brawl"
],
"links": [
[
"revelry",
"revelry"
],
[
"brawl",
"brawl"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish, figuratively) revelry; brawl"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "burda"
},
{
"word": "hulanka"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"figuratively",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbruk/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbruk/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbruk/",
"note": "Far Masovian"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "bróg"
},
{
"homophone": "Bróg"
},
{
"homophone": "Brug"
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Swedish/ʉːk",
"Rhymes:Swedish/ʉːk/1 syllable",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish neuter nouns",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms borrowed from Low German",
"Swedish terms derived from Low German",
"Swedish terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bruksanvisning"
},
{
"word": "bruksindustri"
},
{
"english": "mill town",
"word": "bruksort"
},
{
"word": "brukspatron"
},
{
"word": "bruksmiljö"
},
{
"word": "glasbruk"
},
{
"topics": [
"agriculture",
"business",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "jordbruk"
},
{
"english": "iron works, iron mill",
"word": "järnbruk"
},
{
"word": "murbruk"
},
{
"english": "natural resource use",
"word": "naturbruk"
},
{
"english": "paper mill",
"word": "pappersbruk"
},
{
"topics": [
"forestry",
"business"
],
"word": "skogsbruk"
},
{
"english": "aquaculture",
"word": "vattenbruk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "osx",
"4": "gmw-pro",
"5": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nds",
"3": "bruk",
"t": "use"
},
"expansion": "Low German bruk (“use”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Low German bruk (“use”), from the verb bruken (“to use”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-infl-noun-n-zero",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukets",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bruk n",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "bruk n",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-infl-noun-n-zero"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "use",
"word": "bruka"
},
{
"english": "user",
"word": "brukare"
},
{
"english": "usable",
"word": "brukbar"
},
{
"word": "bruklig"
},
{
"english": "unusable",
"word": "obrukbar"
},
{
"word": "användning"
},
{
"word": "hytta"
},
{
"word": "verk"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have no use for it",
"text": "Jag har inget bruk för den",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"use, usage"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"usage",
"usage"
]
],
"qualifier": "regular or continuous",
"raw_glosses": [
"(regular or continuous) use, usage"
],
"senseid": [
"sv:use"
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"glosses": [
"use, usage",
"cultivation, tillage, etc. (use of soil, land, or other resources)"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"usage",
"usage"
],
[
"cultivation",
"cultivation"
],
[
"tillage",
"tillage"
]
],
"qualifier": "regular or continuous",
"raw_glosses": [
"(regular or continuous) use, usage",
"(in compounds) cultivation, tillage, etc. (use of soil, land, or other resources)"
],
"senseid": [
"sv:use"
],
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish countable nouns",
"Swedish terms with usage examples",
"Swedish uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "customs and practices",
"text": "seder och bruk",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"practice (general habit of some group of people)"
],
"links": [
[
"practice",
"practice"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, uncountable) practice (general habit of some group of people)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He works at the mill",
"text": "Han jobbar på bruket",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a mill, a works (industrial facility for processing raw materials, usually dealing with iron, wood, or glass – especially one with a long history)"
],
"links": [
[
"mill",
"mill"
],
[
"works",
"works"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "More mortar in the trough, boys",
"text": "1948, Ulf Peder Olrog, song title\nMera bruk i baljan, boys",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mortar (mixture of cement)"
],
"links": [
[
"mortar",
"mortar"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "murbruk"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-bruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Sv-bruk.ogg/Sv-bruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Sv-bruk.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʉːk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sv:Kategori:Pappersbruk i Sverige",
"sv:bruk",
"sv:lista över glasbruk i Sverige",
"sv:lista över järnbruk i Sverige"
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "break"
},
"expansion": "English break",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English break.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruk intrans.",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "transitive brukim",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "i",
"2": "brukim"
},
"expansion": "bruk intrans., transitive brukim",
"name": "tpi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "→New International Version translation",
"ref": "1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 2:10:",
"text": "Na wanpela wara i kamap long Iden bilong givim wara long dispela gaden. Dispela wara i bruk na i kamap 4-pela han wara",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"break"
],
"links": [
[
"break",
"break"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) break"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 11 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tok Pisin adjectives",
"Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header",
"Tok Pisin intransitive verbs",
"Tok Pisin lemmas",
"Tok Pisin terms derived from English",
"Tok Pisin verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "en",
"3": "break"
},
"expansion": "English break",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English break.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tpi",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "bruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "brukim"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"broken"
],
"links": [
[
"broken",
"broken"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bruk meaning in All languages combined (31.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'bruk m animacy unattested' in 'bruk m animacy unattested'",
"path": [
"bruk"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bruk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża",
"path": [
"bruk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bruk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża",
"path": [
"bruk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bruk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża",
"path": [
"bruk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bruk",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Far Masovian, Łomża",
"path": [
"bruk"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "bruk",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.