See bruka on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bruka meaning in All languages combined (16.7kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "bruka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite nominative/accusative plural and definite nominative singular of brukë"
],
"id": "en-bruka-sq-noun-m8pEedvM",
"links": [
[
"brukë",
"brukë#Albanian"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "brùka",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "brùka"
},
"expansion": "brùka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "brukti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present of brukti"
],
"id": "en-bruka-lt-verb-em9HVRj0",
"links": [
[
"brukti",
"brukti#Lithuanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "brukti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural present of brukti"
],
"id": "en-bruka-lt-verb-eHpalK6t",
"links": [
[
"brukti",
"brukti#Lithuanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbrʊkɐ]"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "bruka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of bruk"
],
"id": "en-bruka-dsb-noun-uYVBETos",
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Lower Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular of bruk"
],
"id": "en-bruka-dsb-noun-k3bR9etA",
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Lower Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative dual of bruk"
],
"id": "en-bruka-dsb-noun-VjssOHWC",
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Lower Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"dual",
"form-of",
"nominative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbruka]"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "bruka n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Noun 2",
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite plural of bruk (Noun 2)"
],
"id": "en-bruka-nb-noun-f2eFyuJq",
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brukene"
}
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "bruka n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Noun 2",
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite plural of bruk (Noun 2)"
],
"id": "en-bruka-nn-noun-f2eFyuJq",
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbrʉːkɑ/"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰruHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruken",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruken.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brukar",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruker",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brukte",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brukt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brukast",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukande",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "bruktbil"
},
{
"word": "velbruka"
},
{
"word": "velbrukt"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use"
],
"id": "en-bruka-nn-verb-1sSLc2ib",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nytta"
},
{
"word": "bruke"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/²brʉːkɑ/"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "bruwcken"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: bruwcken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: bruwcken"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "bruke"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: bruke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: bruke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "brûke"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: brûke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: brûke"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰruHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brūkan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *brūkan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brūka",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ofs-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "brūka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brūke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brāk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkst",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brākest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brākst",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūketh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkth",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brāk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "breken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "breke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brūken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "breke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūketh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkande",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ebreken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "breken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "verb",
"head": "brūka",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "brūka",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "brūka"
},
"expansion": "brūka",
"name": "ofs-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brūk",
"2": "brāk",
"3": "brek",
"4": "brek",
"class": "2"
},
"name": "ofs-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use"
],
"id": "en-bruka-ofs-verb-1sSLc2ib",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "bruka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bru‧ka"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "brukać"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present of brukać"
],
"id": "en-bruka-pl-verb-0fgCtWgy",
"links": [
[
"brukać",
"brukać#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbru.ka/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uka"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "brȕka",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "бру̏ка",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "brȕka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brȗkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "brȕka"
},
"expansion": "brȕka f (Cyrillic spelling бру̏ка)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bru‧ka"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brȕka",
"10": "bruke",
"11": "bruci",
"12": "brukama",
"13": "brukom",
"14": "brukama",
"2": "bruke",
"3": "bruke",
"4": "brȗkā",
"5": "bruci",
"6": "brukama",
"7": "bruku",
"8": "bruke",
"9": "bruko"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "brȕkati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"shame, disgrace"
],
"id": "en-bruka-sh-noun-70R1McjH",
"links": [
[
"shame",
"shame"
],
[
"disgrace",
"disgrace"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, slang) shame, disgrace"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"person in disgrace"
],
"id": "en-bruka-sh-noun-M~88-0EN",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, slang) person in disgrace"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/brûka/"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruukata",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: ruukata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: ruukata"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰruHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "osx",
"3": "brukan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon brukan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruken, from Old Saxon brukan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brukar",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"tags": [
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "brukat",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "brukats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brukas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"indicative",
"passive",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"passive",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"passive",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"10": "bruka",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "present",
"4": "brukar",
"5": "preterite",
"6": "brukade",
"7": "supine",
"8": "brukat",
"9": "imperative",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bruka (present brukar, preterite brukade, supine brukat, imperative bruka)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "brukare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "förbruka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "missbruka"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "86 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He often / regularly eats corn",
"text": "Han brukar äta majs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He used to sail around the lake in the summer.",
"text": "Han brukade segla runt sjön på somrarna.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use to (present tense of used to); to be in the habit of"
],
"id": "en-bruka-sv-verb-7ZE5ojYs",
"links": [
[
"use to",
"use to"
],
[
"used to",
"used to"
],
[
"habit",
"habit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) to use to (present tense of used to); to be in the habit of"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to cultivate, till, farm"
],
"id": "en-bruka-sv-verb-GGvMt1mn",
"links": [
[
"cultivate",
"cultivate"
],
[
"till",
"till"
],
[
"farm",
"farm"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to make use of"
],
"id": "en-bruka-sv-verb-rs1F4ks2",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) to make use of"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-bruka.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/Sv-bruka.ogg/Sv-bruka.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Sv-bruka.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "bruka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Albanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Albanian non-lemma forms",
"Albanian noun forms"
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite nominative/accusative plural and definite nominative singular of brukë"
],
"links": [
[
"brukë",
"brukë#Albanian"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lithuanian non-lemma forms",
"Lithuanian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Lithuanian verb forms"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "brùka",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "verb form",
"head": "brùka"
},
"expansion": "brùka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "brukti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present of brukti"
],
"links": [
[
"brukti",
"brukti#Lithuanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "brukti"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person plural present of brukti"
],
"links": [
[
"brukti",
"brukti#Lithuanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbrʊkɐ]"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Sorbian non-lemma forms",
"Lower Sorbian noun forms",
"Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "bruka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of bruk"
],
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Lower Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular of bruk"
],
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Lower Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative dual of bruk"
],
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Lower Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"dual",
"form-of",
"nominative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbruka]"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "bruka n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms",
"Norwegian Bokmål noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Noun 2",
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite plural of bruk (Noun 2)"
],
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "brukene"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "bruka n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Noun 2",
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite plural of bruk (Noun 2)"
],
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbrʉːkɑ/"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "bruktbil"
},
{
"word": "velbruka"
},
{
"word": "velbrukt"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰruHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruken",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruken.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brukar",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruker",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brukte",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brukt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brukast",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukande",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruk",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to use"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/²brʉːkɑ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nytta"
},
{
"word": "bruke"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "bruwcken"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: bruwcken",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: bruwcken"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "bruke"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: bruke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: bruke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "brûke"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: brûke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: brûke"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰruHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brūkan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *brūkan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brūka",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ofs-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "brūka",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brūke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brāk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkst",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brākest",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brākst",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūketh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkth",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brāk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkath",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "breken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "breke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brūken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "breke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūketh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brūkande",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ebreken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "breken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "verb",
"head": "brūka",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "brūka",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "brūka"
},
"expansion": "brūka",
"name": "ofs-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brūk",
"2": "brāk",
"3": "brek",
"4": "brek",
"class": "2"
},
"name": "ofs-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Frisian class 2 strong verbs",
"Old Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Frisian lemmas",
"Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Frisian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰruHg-",
"Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Frisian verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to use"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "bruka",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bru‧ka"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish verb forms",
"Rhymes:Polish/uka",
"Rhymes:Polish/uka/2 syllables"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "brukać"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present of brukać"
],
"links": [
[
"brukać",
"brukać#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbru.ka/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uka"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "brȕka",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "бру̏ка",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "brȕka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brȗkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bruci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "brȕka"
},
"expansion": "brȕka f (Cyrillic spelling бру̏ка)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bru‧ka"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brȕka",
"10": "bruke",
"11": "bruci",
"12": "brukama",
"13": "brukom",
"14": "brukama",
"2": "bruke",
"3": "bruke",
"4": "brȗkā",
"5": "bruci",
"6": "brukama",
"7": "bruku",
"8": "bruke",
"9": "bruko"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "brȕkati"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian informal terms",
"Serbo-Croatian slang"
],
"glosses": [
"shame, disgrace"
],
"links": [
[
"shame",
"shame"
],
[
"disgrace",
"disgrace"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, slang) shame, disgrace"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian informal terms",
"Serbo-Croatian slang"
],
"glosses": [
"person in disgrace"
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, slang) person in disgrace"
],
"tags": [
"informal",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/brûka/"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Swedish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰruHg-",
"Swedish terms with audio links",
"Swedish verbs",
"Swedish weak verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruukata",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: ruukata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: ruukata"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰruHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "osx",
"3": "brukan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon brukan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruken, from Old Saxon brukan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brukar",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"tags": [
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "brukat",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "brukats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brukas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"indicative",
"passive",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"passive",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"passive",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"10": "bruka",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "present",
"4": "brukar",
"5": "preterite",
"6": "brukade",
"7": "supine",
"8": "brukat",
"9": "imperative",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bruka (present brukar, preterite brukade, supine brukat, imperative bruka)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "bruk"
},
{
"word": "brukare"
},
{
"word": "förbruka"
},
{
"word": "missbruka"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish auxiliary verbs",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He often / regularly eats corn",
"text": "Han brukar äta majs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He used to sail around the lake in the summer.",
"text": "Han brukade segla runt sjön på somrarna.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use to (present tense of used to); to be in the habit of"
],
"links": [
[
"use to",
"use to"
],
[
"used to",
"used to"
],
[
"habit",
"habit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) to use to (present tense of used to); to be in the habit of"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to cultivate, till, farm"
],
"links": [
[
"cultivate",
"cultivate"
],
[
"till",
"till"
],
[
"farm",
"farm"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"to make use of"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) to make use of"
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-bruka.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/Sv-bruka.ogg/Sv-bruka.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Sv-bruka.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.