See bruka in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruukata",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: ruukata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: ruukata"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰruHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "osx",
"3": "brukan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon brukan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruken, from Old Saxon brukan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brukar",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"tags": [
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "brukat",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "brukats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brukas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"indicative",
"passive",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"passive",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"passive",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"10": "bruka",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "present",
"4": "brukar",
"5": "preterite",
"6": "brukade",
"7": "supine",
"8": "brukat",
"9": "imperative",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bruka (present brukar, preterite brukade, supine brukat, imperative bruka)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "brukare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "förbruka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "missbruka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "använda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nyttja"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 26 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He used to sail around the lake in the summer",
"text": "Han brukade segla runt sjön på somrarna",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He often / regularly eats corn",
"text": "Han brukar äta majs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She usually orders a hamburger when she visits the restaurant [like \"She used to order a hamburger when she visited the restaurant,\" but in the present tense]",
"text": "Hon brukar beställa en hamburgare när hon besöker restaurangen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use to (present tense of used to); to be in the habit of"
],
"id": "en-bruka-sv-verb-sv:use_to",
"links": [
[
"use to",
"use to"
],
[
"used to",
"used to"
],
[
"habit",
"habit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) to use to (present tense of used to); to be in the habit of"
],
"senseid": [
"sv:use to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 26 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "work the land",
"text": "bruka jorden",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "clear rocks so that the fields can be farmed",
"text": "röja sten så att åkrarna kan brukas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "manage forests (for forestry purposes)",
"text": "bruka skog",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use (for some purpose)",
"to cultivate, till, farm"
],
"id": "en-bruka-sv-verb-sv:use",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"cultivate",
"cultivate"
],
[
"till",
"till"
],
[
"farm",
"farm"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sv:use"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 26 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "consume alcohol during working hours",
"text": "bruka alkohol under arbetstid",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use (for some purpose)",
"to use, to consume (drugs or alcohol)"
],
"id": "en-bruka-sv-verb-sv:use1",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"consume",
"consume"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sv:use"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 26 23 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "verktyg som brukas för att forma trä\ntools used [that are used] to shape wood",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a tool that can be used as a weapon",
"text": "ett verktyg som kan brukas som vapen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The method is used / employed as a last resort",
"text": "Metoden brukas som en sista utväg",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "use violence (idiomatic)",
"text": "bruka våld",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Use your good sense!",
"text": "Bruka ditt förnuft!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use (for some purpose)"
],
"id": "en-bruka-sv-verb-sv:use1",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sv:use"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-bruka.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/Sv-bruka.ogg/Sv-bruka.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Sv-bruka.ogg"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Swedish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰruHg-",
"Swedish verbs",
"Swedish weak verbs"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruukata",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Finnish: ruukata",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Finnish: ruukata"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰruHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "bruken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German bruken",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "osx",
"3": "brukan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon brukan",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German bruken, from Old Saxon brukan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brukar",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"tags": [
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "brukat",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sv-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "brukats",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brukas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruka",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"archaic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brukas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"indicative",
"passive",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukade",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"dated",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"passive",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukades",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dated",
"passive",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"10": "bruka",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "present",
"4": "brukar",
"5": "preterite",
"6": "brukade",
"7": "supine",
"8": "brukat",
"9": "imperative",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "bruka (present brukar, preterite brukade, supine brukat, imperative bruka)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sv-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "bruk"
},
{
"word": "brukare"
},
{
"word": "förbruka"
},
{
"word": "missbruka"
},
{
"word": "använda"
},
{
"word": "nyttja"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish auxiliary verbs",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He used to sail around the lake in the summer",
"text": "Han brukade segla runt sjön på somrarna",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He often / regularly eats corn",
"text": "Han brukar äta majs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "She usually orders a hamburger when she visits the restaurant [like \"She used to order a hamburger when she visited the restaurant,\" but in the present tense]",
"text": "Hon brukar beställa en hamburgare när hon besöker restaurangen",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use to (present tense of used to); to be in the habit of"
],
"links": [
[
"use to",
"use to"
],
[
"used to",
"used to"
],
[
"habit",
"habit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(auxiliary) to use to (present tense of used to); to be in the habit of"
],
"senseid": [
"sv:use to"
],
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "work the land",
"text": "bruka jorden",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "clear rocks so that the fields can be farmed",
"text": "röja sten så att åkrarna kan brukas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "manage forests (for forestry purposes)",
"text": "bruka skog",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use (for some purpose)",
"to cultivate, till, farm"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"cultivate",
"cultivate"
],
[
"till",
"till"
],
[
"farm",
"farm"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sv:use"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "consume alcohol during working hours",
"text": "bruka alkohol under arbetstid",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use (for some purpose)",
"to use, to consume (drugs or alcohol)"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"consume",
"consume"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sv:use"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "verktyg som brukas för att forma trä\ntools used [that are used] to shape wood",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a tool that can be used as a weapon",
"text": "ett verktyg som kan brukas som vapen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The method is used / employed as a last resort",
"text": "Metoden brukas som en sista utväg",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "use violence (idiomatic)",
"text": "bruka våld",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Use your good sense!",
"text": "Bruka ditt förnuft!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use (for some purpose)"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"senseid": [
"sv:use"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-bruka.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/Sv-bruka.ogg/Sv-bruka.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Sv-bruka.ogg"
}
],
"word": "bruka"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bruka meaning in Swedish (6.6kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''to use (for some purpose)'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"bruka"
],
"section": "Swedish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bruka",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Swedish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.