See bruk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pl", "2": "bruk", "alts": "1" }, "expansion": "Polish: bruk, burk (Middle Polish, Far Masovian, Podhale), burg (Middle Polish)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Polish: bruk, burk (Middle Polish, Far Masovian, Podhale), burg (Middle Polish)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "zlw-opl", "title": "Disputed" }, "expansion": "Disputed", "name": "unc" }, { "args": { "1": "derived terms", "2": "derived" }, "expansion": "derived", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "zlw-opl", "2": "gem", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Germanic", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "zlw-opl", "2": "gem", "nocap": "1" }, "expansion": "derived from Germanic", "name": "der+" }, { "args": { "1": "1476" }, "expansion": "1476", "name": "etydate/the" }, { "args": { "1": "1476" }, "expansion": "First attested in 1476", "name": "etydate" }, { "args": { "1": "zlw-opl", "2": "de", "3": "brugge<t:bridge, street><q:Central dialects>", "nocap": "1", "nocat": "1" }, "expansion": "borrowed from German (Central dialects) brugge (“bridge, street”)", "name": "bor+" }, { "args": { "1": "zlw-opl", "2": "gmh", "3": "-", "nocap": "1", "nocat": "1" }, "expansion": "borrowed from Middle High German", "name": "bor+" }, { "args": { "1": "de-AT", "2": "Innsbruck" }, "expansion": "Austrian German Innsbruck", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "zlw-opl", "2": "gml", "3": "bruk<t:broken off piece of stone, etc.>", "nocap": "1", "nocat": "1" }, "expansion": "borrowed from Middle Low German bruk (“broken off piece of stone, etc.”)", "name": "bor+" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Bruch" }, "expansion": "German Bruch", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Disputed. Probably ultimately derived from Germanic. First attested in 1476.\n* Per Bruckner and Boryś, borrowed from German (Central dialects) brugge (“bridge, street”) with the semantic shift explained with the fact that bridge surfaces were generally hardened with stones.\n* Per Mańczak, this is phonetically impossible, and claims borrowed from Middle High German, as the second element of Austrian German Innsbruck.\n* Per Bańowski, borrowed from Middle Low German bruk (“broken off piece of stone, etc.”), cognate with modern German Bruch.", "forms": [ { "form": "bruk m animacy unattested", "tags": [ "canonical" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m-an!" }, "expansion": "bruk m animacy unattested", "name": "zlw-opl-noun" } ], "lang": "Old Polish", "lang_code": "zlw-opl", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Greater Poland Old Polish", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation", "parents": [ "Quotations with omitted translation", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 11 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1884 [1476], Ignacy Polkowski, editor, Katalog rękopisów kapitulnych katedry krakowskiej. Cz. 1, Kodexa rękopiśmienne 1-228, volume III, page 108:", "text": "Bruk licostratus", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1898-2024 [1488], Rocznik Krakowski, volume XVI, Krakow, page 56:", "text": "Pater edificare tenebitur... licostratum al. brug", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 75r:", "text": "Licostratus licostriges vel licostratum dicit Brito esse variationem coloris pauimenti et quodcumque aliud opus dummodo fit ex lapidibus diuesorum colorum brvk", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "cobblestone surface (surface, e.g. floor or stone road surface paved with stones)" ], "id": "en-bruk-zlw-opl-noun-oj457Uqn", "links": [ [ "cobblestone", "cobblestone" ], [ "surface", "surface" ] ], "qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland", "raw_glosses": [ "(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) cobblestone surface (surface, e.g. floor or stone road surface paved with stones)" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/bruk/", "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE" }, { "ipa": "/bruk/", "note": "15ᵗʰ CE" } ], "word": "bruk" }
{ "categories": [ "Pages with 11 entries", "Pages with entries", "Tok Pisin adjectives", "Tok Pisin entries with incorrect language header", "Tok Pisin intransitive verbs", "Tok Pisin lemmas", "Tok Pisin terms derived from English", "Tok Pisin verbs" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "pl", "2": "bruk", "alts": "1" }, "expansion": "Polish: bruk, burk (Middle Polish, Far Masovian, Podhale), burg (Middle Polish)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Polish: bruk, burk (Middle Polish, Far Masovian, Podhale), burg (Middle Polish)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "zlw-opl", "title": "Disputed" }, "expansion": "Disputed", "name": "unc" }, { "args": { "1": "derived terms", "2": "derived" }, "expansion": "derived", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "zlw-opl", "2": "gem", "3": "", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Germanic", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "zlw-opl", "2": "gem", "nocap": "1" }, "expansion": "derived from Germanic", "name": "der+" }, { "args": { "1": "1476" }, "expansion": "1476", "name": "etydate/the" }, { "args": { "1": "1476" }, "expansion": "First attested in 1476", "name": "etydate" }, { "args": { "1": "zlw-opl", "2": "de", "3": "brugge<t:bridge, street><q:Central dialects>", "nocap": "1", "nocat": "1" }, "expansion": "borrowed from German (Central dialects) brugge (“bridge, street”)", "name": "bor+" }, { "args": { "1": "zlw-opl", "2": "gmh", "3": "-", "nocap": "1", "nocat": "1" }, "expansion": "borrowed from Middle High German", "name": "bor+" }, { "args": { "1": "de-AT", "2": "Innsbruck" }, "expansion": "Austrian German Innsbruck", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "zlw-opl", "2": "gml", "3": "bruk<t:broken off piece of stone, etc.>", "nocap": "1", "nocat": "1" }, "expansion": "borrowed from Middle Low German bruk (“broken off piece of stone, etc.”)", "name": "bor+" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Bruch" }, "expansion": "German Bruch", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "Disputed. Probably ultimately derived from Germanic. First attested in 1476.\n* Per Bruckner and Boryś, borrowed from German (Central dialects) brugge (“bridge, street”) with the semantic shift explained with the fact that bridge surfaces were generally hardened with stones.\n* Per Mańczak, this is phonetically impossible, and claims borrowed from Middle High German, as the second element of Austrian German Innsbruck.\n* Per Bańowski, borrowed from Middle Low German bruk (“broken off piece of stone, etc.”), cognate with modern German Bruch.", "forms": [ { "form": "bruk m animacy unattested", "tags": [ "canonical" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m-an!" }, "expansion": "bruk m animacy unattested", "name": "zlw-opl-noun" } ], "lang": "Old Polish", "lang_code": "zlw-opl", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Greater Poland Old Polish", "Lesser Poland Old Polish", "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header", "Old Polish lemmas", "Old Polish masculine nouns", "Old Polish nouns", "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation", "Old Polish terms derived from Germanic languages", "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation", "Old Polish terms with quotations", "Old Polish terms with unknown etymologies", "Pages with 11 entries", "Pages with entries", "zlw-opl:Roads", "zlw-opl:Rocks" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1884 [1476], Ignacy Polkowski, editor, Katalog rękopisów kapitulnych katedry krakowskiej. Cz. 1, Kodexa rękopiśmienne 1-228, volume III, page 108:", "text": "Bruk licostratus", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "1898-2024 [1488], Rocznik Krakowski, volume XVI, Krakow, page 56:", "text": "Pater edificare tenebitur... licostratum al. brug", "type": "quote" }, { "ref": "c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 75r:", "text": "Licostratus licostriges vel licostratum dicit Brito esse variationem coloris pauimenti et quodcumque aliud opus dummodo fit ex lapidibus diuesorum colorum brvk", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "cobblestone surface (surface, e.g. floor or stone road surface paved with stones)" ], "links": [ [ "cobblestone", "cobblestone" ], [ "surface", "surface" ] ], "qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland", "raw_glosses": [ "(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) cobblestone surface (surface, e.g. floor or stone road surface paved with stones)" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/bruk/", "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE" }, { "ipa": "/bruk/", "note": "15ᵗʰ CE" } ], "word": "bruk" }
Download raw JSONL data for bruk meaning in Old Polish (4.5kB)
{ "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147", "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'bruk m animacy unattested' in 'bruk m animacy unattested'", "path": [ "bruk" ], "section": "Old Polish", "subsection": "noun", "title": "bruk", "trace": "" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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