"abstruse" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "abstrusely"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "abstruseness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "abstrusity"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "non-abstruse"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "h₂epó"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *h₂epó",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*trewd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "abstrūsus",
        "t": "concealed, hidden; having been concealed"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin abstrūsus (“concealed, hidden; having been concealed”)",
      "name": "lbor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "perfect"
      },
      "expansion": "perfect",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "passive"
      },
      "expansion": "passive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*trewd-",
        "t": "to push; to thrust"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push; to thrust”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "cog"
      },
      "expansion": "Cognates",
      "name": "col-top"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "abstrús"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan abstrús",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "abstrus",
        "t": "abstruse"
      },
      "expansion": "German abstrus (“abstruse”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "astruso",
        "t": "abstruse"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian astruso (“abstruse”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "abstruse"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French abstruse",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "abstrus"
      },
      "expansion": "French abstrus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "abstruso",
        "t": "abstruse"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese abstruso (“abstruse”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "abstruso",
        "t": "abstruse"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish abstruso (“abstruse”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *h₂epó\nLearned borrowing from Latin abstrūsus (“concealed, hidden; having been concealed”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abstrūdō (“to conceal, hide; to push or thrust away”), from abs- (from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; away from’)) + trūdō (“to push, shove; to thrust”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push; to thrust”)).\nCognates\n* Catalan abstrús\n* German abstrus (“abstruse”)\n* Italian astruso (“abstruse”)\n* Middle French abstruse (modern French abstrus, abstruse (“(derogatory, literary) abstruse”)\n* Portuguese abstruso (“abstruse”)\n* Spanish abstruso (“abstruse”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "abstruser",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "more abstruse",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abstrusest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most abstruse",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er",
        "2": "more"
      },
      "expansion": "abstruse (comparative abstruser or more abstruse, superlative abstrusest or most abstruse)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "formal"
      },
      "expansion": "(formal)",
      "name": "term-label"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "abs‧truse"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "abstrude"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "abstrused"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "abstrusion"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "abstrusive"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "abstrusively"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "retruse"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "clear"
        },
        {
          "word": "obvious"
        },
        {
          "word": "understandable"
        },
        {
          "word": "comprehensible"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Early Modern English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
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        {
          "_dis": "31 37 3 2 24 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
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          "name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
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          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
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          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
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        {
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          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
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          "name": "Terms with French translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "53 47",
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        {
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        {
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          "name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
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          "name": "Terms with Italian translations",
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        {
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        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
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          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
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        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
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        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
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        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
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        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
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          "name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
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        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Sometimes the good maketh an ill end, and the ill a good. In this opinion, and inscrutable mystery be weary all his wits, and at the end of his cogitations, findeth more abstruse, and doubtfull objections than at the beginning, […]",
          "ref": "[1548], Joanne Hopper [i.e., John Hooper], “Curiositie”, in A Declaration of the Ten Holy Cõmaundementes of Allmygthye God […], [Zurich]: [Christoph Froschauer], →OCLC, page CCXVIII:",
          "text": "Some time the good makithe an ile end⸝ ãd the ile a godd. In this opiniõ⸝ and in ſcrutable miſterie be werithe all his wittes⸝ and at the end of his cogitacions⸝ fyndithe more abſtruſe⸝ and doutfull obiections thẽ at the beginning⸝ […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 65, line 75:",
          "text": "Be leſs abſtruſe, my riddling days are paſt.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1729, John Machin, “The Laws of the Moon’s Motion According to Gravity”, in Isaac Newton, translated by Andrew Motte, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. […] , volume II, London: […] Benjamin Motte, […], →OCLC, page 4:",
          "text": "Thoſe propoſitions relating to the Moon's motion, which are demonſtrated in the Principia [by Isaac Newton], do generally depend on calculations very intricate and abſtruſe, the truth of which is not eaſily examined, even by thoſe that are moſt skilful; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1741, I[saac] Watts, “Of the Sciences, and Their Use in Particular Professions”, in The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […], London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC, paragraph I, page 316:",
          "text": "The beſt VVay to learn any Science, is to begin vvith a regular Syſtem, or a ſhort and plain Scheme of that Science, vvell dravvn up into a narrovv Compaſs, omitting the deeper and more abſtruſe Parts of it, and that alſo under the Conduct and Inſtruction of ſome ſkilful Teacher.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1748, [David Hume], “Essay I. Of the Different Species of Philosophy.”, in Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 3:",
          "text": "'Tis certain, that the eaſy and obvious Philoſophy vvill always, vvith the Generality of Mankind, have the Preference to the accurate and abſtruſe; and by many vvill be recommended, not only as more agreeable, but more uſeful than the other.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1788, Publius [pseudonym; Alexander Hamilton], “Number XXXI. The Same Subject Continued [Concerning Taxation].”, in The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, […] , volume I, New York, N.Y.: […] J. and A. M‘Lean, […], →OCLC, page 191:",
          "text": "The objects of geometrical enquiry are ſo intirely abſracted from thoſe purſuits vvhich ſtir up and put in motion the unruly paſſions of the human heart, that mankind vvithout difficulty adopt not only the more ſimple theorems of the ſcience, but even thoſe abſtruſe paradoxes, vvhich hovvever they may appear ſuſceptible of demonſtration, are at variance vvith the natural conceptions vvhich the mind, vvithout the aid of philoſophy, vvould be led to entertain upon the ſubject.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1831 October 31, Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, chapter IV, in Frankenstein: Or, The Modern Prometheus (Standard Novels; IX), 3rd edition, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 36:",
          "text": "In a thousand ways he smoothed for me the path of knowledge, and made the most abstruse inquiries clear and facile to my apprehension.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1854, Henry Hart Milman, “Pelagianism”, in History of Latin Christianity; […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, book II, page 127:",
          "text": "A second rescript followed, commanding all bishops not merely to subscribe the dominant opinions on these profound and abstruse topics, but to condemn their authors, Pelagius and Cœlestius, as irreclaimable heretics, and this under pain of deprivation and banishment.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Difficult to comprehend or understand; obscure."
      ],
      "id": "en-abstruse-en-adj-ubpoYTM8",
      "links": [
        [
          "Difficult",
          "difficult"
        ],
        [
          "comprehend",
          "comprehend"
        ],
        [
          "understand",
          "understand"
        ],
        [
          "obscure",
          "obscure#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "abstrusive"
        },
        {
          "word": "arcane"
        },
        {
          "word": "cryptic"
        },
        {
          "word": "esoteric"
        },
        {
          "word": "recondite"
        },
        {
          "word": "incomprehensible"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "thellë"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "nejasen",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "неясен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "truden za razbirane",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "труден за разбиране"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "abstrús"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "bì, mì",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "秘"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "note": "of music",
          "roman": "huìsè",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "tags": [
            "usually"
          ],
          "topics": [
            "writing",
            "journalism",
            "literature",
            "communications",
            "publishing",
            "media"
          ],
          "word": "晦澀 /晦涩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiānsè",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "艱澀 /艰涩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiānshēn",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "艱深 /艰深"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "nánjiě",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "難解 /难解"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shēn'ào",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "深奧 /深奥"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shēncháng",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "深長 /深长"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shēnsuì",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "深邃"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "xuánmì",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "玄祕 /玄秘"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "xuánmiào",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "玄妙"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "onbevattelijk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "ondoorgrondelijk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "vaikeaselkoinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "vaikeatajuinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "abstrus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "abscons"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "abstrus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "unfassbar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "asafís",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ασαφής"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "dysnóitos",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "δυσνόητος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "poikĭ́los",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "ποικῐ́λος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "bārīk",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "बारीक"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "elvont"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "homályos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "obskúrus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "torskilinn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "astruso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "ermetico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "alt": "かいじゅう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kaijū",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "晦渋"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "alt": "なんかい",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "nankai",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "難解"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "ğalamat",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "ғаламат"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "simohan",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "심오(深奧)한"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "gv",
          "lang": "Manx",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "neuvaghtal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "ākahukahu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "tags": [
            "figuratively"
          ],
          "word": "mysty"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "abstrús"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "mętny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "abstruso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "confuz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "mudrjónyj",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "мудрёный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "abstruso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "obscuro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "tags": [
            "pejorative"
          ],
          "word": "conceptuoso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "abstrus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "dunkel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "svårfattlig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "baliwag"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "gūḍhamu",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "గూఢము"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "huyền diệu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "astrus"
        },
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          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "cymhleth"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
          "word": "dyrys"
        }
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          "word": "open"
        },
        {
          "word": "patent"
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          "word": "unconcealed"
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          "word": "unhidden"
        }
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          "name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
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          "_dis": "46 54",
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        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
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          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
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          "name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
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        },
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        {
          "ref": "1612, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Which Speakes of that which after Befell in the Inne; and of Sundry Other Things Worthy to be Knowne”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 4, page 500:",
          "text": "O vvho is he that could carrie nevves to our olde father, that thou vvert but aliue, although thou vvert hidden in the moſt abſtruſe dungeons of Barbarie; for his riches, my brothers and mine vvould fetch thee from thence.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1648, Joseph Beaumont, “Canto XVII. The Mortification. Stanza 182.”, in Psyche: Or Loves Mysterie, […], London: […] John Dawson for George Boddington, […], →OCLC, page 328, column 2:",
          "text": "[T]he abſtruſeſt Things / VVhich in the Mindes dark Temper neſtling ly, / By you expoſed are to every Eye.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 709–714:",
          "text": "Mean while th’ Eternal eye, whoſe ſight diſcernes / Abſtruſeſt thoughts, from forth his holy Mount / And from within the golden Lamps that burne / Nightly before him, ſaw without their light / Rebellion riſing, ſaw in whom, how ſpred / Among the ſons of Morn, what multitudes / Were banded to oppoſe his high Decree; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
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        "Concealed or hidden; secret."
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        "(obsolete) Concealed or hidden; secret."
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            "obsolete"
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          "word": "abstrused"
        },
        {
          "word": "clandestine"
        },
        {
          "word": "surreptitious"
        },
        {
          "word": "covert"
        },
        {
          "word": "hidden"
        }
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      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "obsolete"
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      "ipa": "/əbˈstɹus/",
      "tags": [
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        "General-American"
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      "ipa": "/æb-/",
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      "ipa": "/əbˈstɹʉs/",
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        "Northern-Ireland",
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      "rhymes": "-uːs"
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "abstrūsus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vocative masculine singular of abstrūsus"
      ],
      "id": "en-abstruse-la-verb-TQ4CuPBv",
      "links": [
        [
          "abstrūsus",
          "abstrusus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "abstruse"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Early Modern English",
    "English adjectives",
    "English autological terms",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English formal terms",
    "English learned borrowings from Latin",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trewd-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Requests for review of Mandarin translations",
    "Rhymes:English/uːs",
    "Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Albanian translations",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Kazakh translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Manx translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Middle English translations",
    "Terms with Occitan translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Tagalog translations",
    "Terms with Telugu translations",
    "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "abstrusely"
    },
    {
      "word": "abstruseness"
    },
    {
      "word": "abstrusity"
    },
    {
      "word": "non-abstruse"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "h₂epó"
      },
      "expansion": "PIE word\n *h₂epó",
      "name": "PIE word"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*trewd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "abstrūsus",
        "t": "concealed, hidden; having been concealed"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin abstrūsus (“concealed, hidden; having been concealed”)",
      "name": "lbor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "perfect"
      },
      "expansion": "perfect",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "passive"
      },
      "expansion": "passive",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "prefix",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*trewd-",
        "t": "to push; to thrust"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push; to thrust”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "cog"
      },
      "expansion": "Cognates",
      "name": "col-top"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "abstrús"
      },
      "expansion": "Catalan abstrús",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "abstrus",
        "t": "abstruse"
      },
      "expansion": "German abstrus (“abstruse”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "astruso",
        "t": "abstruse"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian astruso (“abstruse”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "abstruse"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French abstruse",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "abstrus"
      },
      "expansion": "French abstrus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "abstruso",
        "t": "abstruse"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese abstruso (“abstruse”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "abstruso",
        "t": "abstruse"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish abstruso (“abstruse”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "PIE word\n *h₂epó\nLearned borrowing from Latin abstrūsus (“concealed, hidden; having been concealed”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abstrūdō (“to conceal, hide; to push or thrust away”), from abs- (from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; away from’)) + trūdō (“to push, shove; to thrust”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push; to thrust”)).\nCognates\n* Catalan abstrús\n* German abstrus (“abstruse”)\n* Italian astruso (“abstruse”)\n* Middle French abstruse (modern French abstrus, abstruse (“(derogatory, literary) abstruse”)\n* Portuguese abstruso (“abstruse”)\n* Spanish abstruso (“abstruse”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "abstruser",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "more abstruse",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abstrusest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most abstruse",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er",
        "2": "more"
      },
      "expansion": "abstruse (comparative abstruser or more abstruse, superlative abstrusest or most abstruse)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "formal"
      },
      "expansion": "(formal)",
      "name": "term-label"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "abs‧truse"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "abstrude"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "abstrused"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "abstrusion"
    },
    {
      "word": "abstrusive"
    },
    {
      "word": "abstrusively"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "retruse"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "clear"
        },
        {
          "word": "obvious"
        },
        {
          "word": "understandable"
        },
        {
          "word": "comprehensible"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Sometimes the good maketh an ill end, and the ill a good. In this opinion, and inscrutable mystery be weary all his wits, and at the end of his cogitations, findeth more abstruse, and doubtfull objections than at the beginning, […]",
          "ref": "[1548], Joanne Hopper [i.e., John Hooper], “Curiositie”, in A Declaration of the Ten Holy Cõmaundementes of Allmygthye God […], [Zurich]: [Christoph Froschauer], →OCLC, page CCXVIII:",
          "text": "Some time the good makithe an ile end⸝ ãd the ile a godd. In this opiniõ⸝ and in ſcrutable miſterie be werithe all his wittes⸝ and at the end of his cogitacions⸝ fyndithe more abſtruſe⸝ and doutfull obiections thẽ at the beginning⸝ […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 65, line 75:",
          "text": "Be leſs abſtruſe, my riddling days are paſt.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1729, John Machin, “The Laws of the Moon’s Motion According to Gravity”, in Isaac Newton, translated by Andrew Motte, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. […] , volume II, London: […] Benjamin Motte, […], →OCLC, page 4:",
          "text": "Thoſe propoſitions relating to the Moon's motion, which are demonſtrated in the Principia [by Isaac Newton], do generally depend on calculations very intricate and abſtruſe, the truth of which is not eaſily examined, even by thoſe that are moſt skilful; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1741, I[saac] Watts, “Of the Sciences, and Their Use in Particular Professions”, in The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […], London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC, paragraph I, page 316:",
          "text": "The beſt VVay to learn any Science, is to begin vvith a regular Syſtem, or a ſhort and plain Scheme of that Science, vvell dravvn up into a narrovv Compaſs, omitting the deeper and more abſtruſe Parts of it, and that alſo under the Conduct and Inſtruction of ſome ſkilful Teacher.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1748, [David Hume], “Essay I. Of the Different Species of Philosophy.”, in Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 3:",
          "text": "'Tis certain, that the eaſy and obvious Philoſophy vvill always, vvith the Generality of Mankind, have the Preference to the accurate and abſtruſe; and by many vvill be recommended, not only as more agreeable, but more uſeful than the other.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1788, Publius [pseudonym; Alexander Hamilton], “Number XXXI. The Same Subject Continued [Concerning Taxation].”, in The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, […] , volume I, New York, N.Y.: […] J. and A. M‘Lean, […], →OCLC, page 191:",
          "text": "The objects of geometrical enquiry are ſo intirely abſracted from thoſe purſuits vvhich ſtir up and put in motion the unruly paſſions of the human heart, that mankind vvithout difficulty adopt not only the more ſimple theorems of the ſcience, but even thoſe abſtruſe paradoxes, vvhich hovvever they may appear ſuſceptible of demonſtration, are at variance vvith the natural conceptions vvhich the mind, vvithout the aid of philoſophy, vvould be led to entertain upon the ſubject.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1831 October 31, Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, chapter IV, in Frankenstein: Or, The Modern Prometheus (Standard Novels; IX), 3rd edition, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 36:",
          "text": "In a thousand ways he smoothed for me the path of knowledge, and made the most abstruse inquiries clear and facile to my apprehension.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1854, Henry Hart Milman, “Pelagianism”, in History of Latin Christianity; […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, book II, page 127:",
          "text": "A second rescript followed, commanding all bishops not merely to subscribe the dominant opinions on these profound and abstruse topics, but to condemn their authors, Pelagius and Cœlestius, as irreclaimable heretics, and this under pain of deprivation and banishment.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Difficult to comprehend or understand; obscure."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Difficult",
          "difficult"
        ],
        [
          "comprehend",
          "comprehend"
        ],
        [
          "understand",
          "understand"
        ],
        [
          "obscure",
          "obscure#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "abstrusive"
        },
        {
          "word": "arcane"
        },
        {
          "word": "cryptic"
        },
        {
          "word": "esoteric"
        },
        {
          "word": "recondite"
        },
        {
          "word": "incomprehensible"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "open"
        },
        {
          "word": "patent"
        },
        {
          "word": "unconcealed"
        },
        {
          "word": "unhidden"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1612, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Which Speakes of that which after Befell in the Inne; and of Sundry Other Things Worthy to be Knowne”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 4, page 500:",
          "text": "O vvho is he that could carrie nevves to our olde father, that thou vvert but aliue, although thou vvert hidden in the moſt abſtruſe dungeons of Barbarie; for his riches, my brothers and mine vvould fetch thee from thence.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1648, Joseph Beaumont, “Canto XVII. The Mortification. Stanza 182.”, in Psyche: Or Loves Mysterie, […], London: […] John Dawson for George Boddington, […], →OCLC, page 328, column 2:",
          "text": "[T]he abſtruſeſt Things / VVhich in the Mindes dark Temper neſtling ly, / By you expoſed are to every Eye.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 709–714:",
          "text": "Mean while th’ Eternal eye, whoſe ſight diſcernes / Abſtruſeſt thoughts, from forth his holy Mount / And from within the golden Lamps that burne / Nightly before him, ſaw without their light / Rebellion riſing, ſaw in whom, how ſpred / Among the ſons of Morn, what multitudes / Were banded to oppoſe his high Decree; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Concealed or hidden; secret."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Concealed",
          "concealed#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "hidden",
          "hidden#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "secret",
          "secret#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Concealed or hidden; secret."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "abstrused"
        },
        {
          "word": "clandestine"
        },
        {
          "word": "surreptitious"
        },
        {
          "word": "covert"
        },
        {
          "word": "hidden"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əbˈstɹuːs/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əbˈstɹus/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/æb-/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əbˈstɹʉs/",
      "tags": [
        "Northern-Ireland",
        "Scotland"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːs"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "thellë"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "nejasen",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "неясен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "truden za razbirane",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "труден за разбиране"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "abstrús"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "bì, mì",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "秘"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "note": "of music",
      "roman": "huìsè",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "tags": [
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "writing",
        "journalism",
        "literature",
        "communications",
        "publishing",
        "media"
      ],
      "word": "晦澀 /晦涩"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiānsè",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "艱澀 /艰涩"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiānshēn",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "艱深 /艰深"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "nánjiě",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "難解 /难解"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shēn'ào",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "深奧 /深奥"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shēncháng",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "深長 /深长"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shēnsuì",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "深邃"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "xuánmì",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "玄祕 /玄秘"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "xuánmiào",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "玄妙"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "onbevattelijk"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "ondoorgrondelijk"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "vaikeaselkoinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "vaikeatajuinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "abstrus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "abscons"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "abstrus"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "unfassbar"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "asafís",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ασαφής"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "dysnóitos",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "δυσνόητος"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "poikĭ́los",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "ποικῐ́λος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "bārīk",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "बारीक"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "elvont"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "homályos"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "obskúrus"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "torskilinn"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "astruso"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "ermetico"
    },
    {
      "alt": "かいじゅう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kaijū",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "晦渋"
    },
    {
      "alt": "なんかい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "nankai",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "難解"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "ğalamat",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "ғаламат"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "simohan",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "심오(深奧)한"
    },
    {
      "code": "gv",
      "lang": "Manx",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "neuvaghtal"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "ākahukahu"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "mysty"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "abstrús"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "mętny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "abstruso"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "confuz"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "mudrjónyj",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "мудрёный"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "abstruso"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "obscuro"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "tags": [
        "pejorative"
      ],
      "word": "conceptuoso"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "abstrus"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "dunkel"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "svårfattlig"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "baliwag"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "gūḍhamu",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "గూఢము"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "huyền diệu"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "astrus"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "cymhleth"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure",
      "word": "dyrys"
    }
  ],
  "word": "abstruse"
}

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  "lang": "French",
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  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "adj",
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        {
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        "inflection of abstrus:",
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        "canonical"
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  "head_templates": [
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  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
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        "vocative masculine singular of abstrūsus"
      ],
      "links": [
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        "vocative"
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    }
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  "word": "abstruse"
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "abstruse/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Early Modern English\", \"English adjectives\", \"English autological terms\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English formal terms\", \"English learned borrowings from Latin\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms borrowed from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trewd-\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Mandarin translations\", \"Rhymes:English/uːs\", \"Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Middle English translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abstrusely\"}, {\"word\": \"abstruseness\"}, {\"word\": \"abstrusity\"}, {\"word\": \"non-abstruse\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"h₂epó\"}, \"expansion\": \"PIE word\\n *h₂epó\", \"name\": \"PIE word\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*trewd-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"abstrūsus\", \"t\": \"concealed, hidden; 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In this opinion, and inscrutable mystery be weary all his wits, and at the end of his cogitations, findeth more abstruse, and doubtfull objections than at the beginning, […]\", \"ref\": \"[1548], Joanne Hopper [i.e., John Hooper], “Curiositie”, in A Declaration of the Ten Holy Cõmaundementes of Allmygthye God […], [Zurich]: [Christoph Froschauer], →OCLC, page CCXVIII:\", \"text\": \"Some time the good makithe an ile end⸝ ãd the ile a godd. In this opiniõ⸝ and in ſcrutable miſterie be werithe all his wittes⸝ and at the end of his cogitacions⸝ fyndithe more abſtruſe⸝ and doutfull obiections thẽ at the beginning⸝ […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 65, line 75:\", \"text\": \"Be leſs abſtruſe, my riddling days are paſt.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1729, John Machin, “The Laws of the Moon’s Motion According to Gravity”, in Isaac Newton, translated by Andrew Motte, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. […] , volume II, London: […] Benjamin Motte, […], →OCLC, page 4:\", \"text\": \"Thoſe propoſitions relating to the Moon's motion, which are demonſtrated in the Principia [by Isaac Newton], do generally depend on calculations very intricate and abſtruſe, the truth of which is not eaſily examined, even by thoſe that are moſt skilful; […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1741, I[saac] Watts, “Of the Sciences, and Their Use in Particular Professions”, in The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […], London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC, paragraph I, page 316:\", \"text\": \"The beſt VVay to learn any Science, is to begin vvith a regular Syſtem, or a ſhort and plain Scheme of that Science, vvell dravvn up into a narrovv Compaſs, omitting the deeper and more abſtruſe Parts of it, and that alſo under the Conduct and Inſtruction of ſome ſkilful Teacher.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1748, [David Hume], “Essay I. Of the Different Species of Philosophy.”, in Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 3:\", \"text\": \"'Tis certain, that the eaſy and obvious Philoſophy vvill always, vvith the Generality of Mankind, have the Preference to the accurate and abſtruſe; and by many vvill be recommended, not only as more agreeable, but more uſeful than the other.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1788, Publius [pseudonym; Alexander Hamilton], “Number XXXI. The Same Subject Continued [Concerning Taxation].”, in The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, […] , volume I, New York, N.Y.: […] J. and A. M‘Lean, […], →OCLC, page 191:\", \"text\": \"The objects of geometrical enquiry are ſo intirely abſracted from thoſe purſuits vvhich ſtir up and put in motion the unruly paſſions of the human heart, that mankind vvithout difficulty adopt not only the more ſimple theorems of the ſcience, but even thoſe abſtruſe paradoxes, vvhich hovvever they may appear ſuſceptible of demonſtration, are at variance vvith the natural conceptions vvhich the mind, vvithout the aid of philoſophy, vvould be led to entertain upon the ſubject.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1831 October 31, Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, chapter IV, in Frankenstein: Or, The Modern Prometheus (Standard Novels; IX), 3rd edition, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 36:\", \"text\": \"In a thousand ways he smoothed for me the path of knowledge, and made the most abstruse inquiries clear and facile to my apprehension.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1854, Henry Hart Milman, “Pelagianism”, in History of Latin Christianity; […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, book II, page 127:\", \"text\": \"A second rescript followed, commanding all bishops not merely to subscribe the dominant opinions on these profound and abstruse topics, but to condemn their authors, Pelagius and Cœlestius, as irreclaimable heretics, and this under pain of deprivation and banishment.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Difficult to comprehend or understand; obscure.\"], \"links\": [[\"Difficult\", \"difficult\"], [\"comprehend\", \"comprehend\"], [\"understand\", \"understand\"], [\"obscure\", \"obscure#Adjective\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abstrusive\"}, {\"word\": \"arcane\"}, {\"word\": \"cryptic\"}, {\"word\": \"esoteric\"}, {\"word\": \"recondite\"}, {\"word\": \"incomprehensible\"}], \"tags\": [\"formal\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"open\"}, {\"word\": \"patent\"}, {\"word\": \"unconcealed\"}, {\"word\": \"unhidden\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1612, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Which Speakes of that which after Befell in the Inne; and of Sundry Other Things Worthy to be Knowne”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 4, page 500:\", \"text\": \"O vvho is he that could carrie nevves to our olde father, that thou vvert but aliue, although thou vvert hidden in the moſt abſtruſe dungeons of Barbarie; for his riches, my brothers and mine vvould fetch thee from thence.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1648, Joseph Beaumont, “Canto XVII. The Mortification. Stanza 182.”, in Psyche: Or Loves Mysterie, […], London: […] John Dawson for George Boddington, […], →OCLC, page 328, column 2:\", \"text\": \"[T]he abſtruſeſt Things / VVhich in the Mindes dark Temper neſtling ly, / By you expoſed are to every Eye.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 709–714:\", \"text\": \"Mean while th’ Eternal eye, whoſe ſight diſcernes / Abſtruſeſt thoughts, from forth his holy Mount / And from within the golden Lamps that burne / Nightly before him, ſaw without their light / Rebellion riſing, ſaw in whom, how ſpred / Among the ſons of Morn, what multitudes / Were banded to oppoſe his high Decree; […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Concealed or hidden; secret.\"], \"links\": [[\"Concealed\", \"concealed#Adjective\"], [\"hidden\", \"hidden#Adjective\"], [\"secret\", \"secret#Adjective\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) Concealed or hidden; secret.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"abstrused\"}, {\"word\": \"clandestine\"}, {\"word\": \"surreptitious\"}, {\"word\": \"covert\"}, {\"word\": \"hidden\"}], \"tags\": [\"formal\", \"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əbˈstɹuːs/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/əbˈstɹus/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/æb-/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əbˈstɹʉs/\", \"tags\": [\"Northern-Ireland\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-uːs\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"thellë\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"nejasen\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"неясен\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"truden za razbirane\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"труден за разбиране\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrús\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bì, mì\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"秘\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"note\": \"of music\", \"roman\": \"huìsè\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"usually\"], \"topics\": [\"writing\", \"journalism\", \"literature\", \"communications\", \"publishing\", \"media\"], \"word\": \"晦澀 /晦涩\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiānsè\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"艱澀 /艰涩\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiānshēn\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"艱深 /艰深\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"nánjiě\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"難解 /难解\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shēn'ào\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"深奧 /深奥\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shēncháng\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"深長 /深长\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shēnsuì\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"深邃\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"xuánmì\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"玄祕 /玄秘\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"xuánmiào\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"玄妙\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"onbevattelijk\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ondoorgrondelijk\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"vaikeaselkoinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"vaikeatajuinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrus\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abscons\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrus\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"unfassbar\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"asafís\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ασαφής\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"dysnóitos\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"δυσνόητος\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"poikĭ́los\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ποικῐ́λος\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"bārīk\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"बारीक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"elvont\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"homályos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"obskúrus\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"torskilinn\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"astruso\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ermetico\"}, {\"alt\": \"かいじゅう\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"kaijū\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"晦渋\"}, {\"alt\": \"なんかい\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"nankai\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"難解\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"ğalamat\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ғаламат\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"simohan\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"심오(深奧)한\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"neuvaghtal\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ākahukahu\"}, {\"code\": \"enm\", \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\"], \"word\": \"mysty\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrús\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"mętny\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abstruso\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"confuz\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"mudrjónyj\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"мудрёный\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstruso\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"obscuro\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"pejorative\"], \"word\": \"conceptuoso\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrus\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"dunkel\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"svårfattlig\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"baliwag\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"gūḍhamu\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"గూఢము\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"huyền diệu\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"astrus\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"cymhleth\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"dyrys\"}], \"word\": \"abstruse\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "adj",
  "title": "abstruse",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "abstruse/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Early Modern English\", \"English adjectives\", \"English autological terms\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English formal terms\", \"English learned borrowings from Latin\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms borrowed from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trewd-\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Mandarin translations\", \"Rhymes:English/uːs\", \"Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Middle English translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abstrusely\"}, {\"word\": \"abstruseness\"}, {\"word\": \"abstrusity\"}, {\"word\": \"non-abstruse\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"h₂epó\"}, \"expansion\": \"PIE word\\n *h₂epó\", \"name\": \"PIE word\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*trewd-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"abstrūsus\", \"t\": \"concealed, hidden; having been concealed\"}, \"expansion\": \"Learned borrowing from Latin abstrūsus (“concealed, hidden; having been concealed”)\", \"name\": \"lbor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"adjective\"}, \"expansion\": \"adjective\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"perfect\"}, \"expansion\": \"perfect\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"passive\"}, \"expansion\": \"passive\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"participle\"}, \"expansion\": \"participle\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"prefix\"}, \"expansion\": \"prefix\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*trewd-\", \"t\": \"to push; to thrust\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push; to thrust”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"2\", \"2\": \"cog\"}, \"expansion\": \"Cognates\", \"name\": \"col-top\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ca\", \"2\": \"abstrús\"}, \"expansion\": \"Catalan abstrús\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"abstrus\", \"t\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"German abstrus (“abstruse”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"it\", \"2\": \"astruso\", \"t\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"Italian astruso (“abstruse”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"frm\", \"2\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle French abstruse\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"abstrus\"}, \"expansion\": \"French abstrus\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"abstruso\", \"t\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"Portuguese abstruso (“abstruse”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"abstruso\", \"t\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish abstruso (“abstruse”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"PIE word\\n *h₂epó\\nLearned borrowing from Latin abstrūsus (“concealed, hidden; having been concealed”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abstrūdō (“to conceal, hide; to push or thrust away”), from abs- (from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; away from’)) + trūdō (“to push, shove; to thrust”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push; to thrust”)).\\nCognates\\n* Catalan abstrús\\n* German abstrus (“abstruse”)\\n* Italian astruso (“abstruse”)\\n* Middle French abstruse (modern French abstrus, abstruse (“(derogatory, literary) abstruse”)\\n* Portuguese abstruso (“abstruse”)\\n* Spanish abstruso (“abstruse”)\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abstruser\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"more abstruse\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"abstrusest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most abstruse\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"er\", \"2\": \"more\"}, \"expansion\": \"abstruse (comparative abstruser or more abstruse, superlative abstrusest or most abstruse)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"formal\"}, \"expansion\": \"(formal)\", \"name\": \"term-label\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"abs‧truse\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"related\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"abstrude\"}, {\"tags\": [\"adjective\", \"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"abstrused\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"abstrusion\"}, {\"word\": \"abstrusive\"}, {\"word\": \"abstrusively\"}, {\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"retruse\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"clear\"}, {\"word\": \"obvious\"}, {\"word\": \"understandable\"}, {\"word\": \"comprehensible\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Sometimes the good maketh an ill end, and the ill a good. In this opinion, and inscrutable mystery be weary all his wits, and at the end of his cogitations, findeth more abstruse, and doubtfull objections than at the beginning, […]\", \"ref\": \"[1548], Joanne Hopper [i.e., John Hooper], “Curiositie”, in A Declaration of the Ten Holy Cõmaundementes of Allmygthye God […], [Zurich]: [Christoph Froschauer], →OCLC, page CCXVIII:\", \"text\": \"Some time the good makithe an ile end⸝ ãd the ile a godd. In this opiniõ⸝ and in ſcrutable miſterie be werithe all his wittes⸝ and at the end of his cogitacions⸝ fyndithe more abſtruſe⸝ and doutfull obiections thẽ at the beginning⸝ […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 65, line 75:\", \"text\": \"Be leſs abſtruſe, my riddling days are paſt.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1729, John Machin, “The Laws of the Moon’s Motion According to Gravity”, in Isaac Newton, translated by Andrew Motte, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. […] , volume II, London: […] Benjamin Motte, […], →OCLC, page 4:\", \"text\": \"Thoſe propoſitions relating to the Moon's motion, which are demonſtrated in the Principia [by Isaac Newton], do generally depend on calculations very intricate and abſtruſe, the truth of which is not eaſily examined, even by thoſe that are moſt skilful; […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1741, I[saac] Watts, “Of the Sciences, and Their Use in Particular Professions”, in The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […], London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC, paragraph I, page 316:\", \"text\": \"The beſt VVay to learn any Science, is to begin vvith a regular Syſtem, or a ſhort and plain Scheme of that Science, vvell dravvn up into a narrovv Compaſs, omitting the deeper and more abſtruſe Parts of it, and that alſo under the Conduct and Inſtruction of ſome ſkilful Teacher.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1748, [David Hume], “Essay I. Of the Different Species of Philosophy.”, in Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 3:\", \"text\": \"'Tis certain, that the eaſy and obvious Philoſophy vvill always, vvith the Generality of Mankind, have the Preference to the accurate and abſtruſe; and by many vvill be recommended, not only as more agreeable, but more uſeful than the other.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1788, Publius [pseudonym; Alexander Hamilton], “Number XXXI. The Same Subject Continued [Concerning Taxation].”, in The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, […] , volume I, New York, N.Y.: […] J. and A. M‘Lean, […], →OCLC, page 191:\", \"text\": \"The objects of geometrical enquiry are ſo intirely abſracted from thoſe purſuits vvhich ſtir up and put in motion the unruly paſſions of the human heart, that mankind vvithout difficulty adopt not only the more ſimple theorems of the ſcience, but even thoſe abſtruſe paradoxes, vvhich hovvever they may appear ſuſceptible of demonſtration, are at variance vvith the natural conceptions vvhich the mind, vvithout the aid of philoſophy, vvould be led to entertain upon the ſubject.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1831 October 31, Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, chapter IV, in Frankenstein: Or, The Modern Prometheus (Standard Novels; IX), 3rd edition, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 36:\", \"text\": \"In a thousand ways he smoothed for me the path of knowledge, and made the most abstruse inquiries clear and facile to my apprehension.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1854, Henry Hart Milman, “Pelagianism”, in History of Latin Christianity; […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, book II, page 127:\", \"text\": \"A second rescript followed, commanding all bishops not merely to subscribe the dominant opinions on these profound and abstruse topics, but to condemn their authors, Pelagius and Cœlestius, as irreclaimable heretics, and this under pain of deprivation and banishment.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Difficult to comprehend or understand; obscure.\"], \"links\": [[\"Difficult\", \"difficult\"], [\"comprehend\", \"comprehend\"], [\"understand\", \"understand\"], [\"obscure\", \"obscure#Adjective\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abstrusive\"}, {\"word\": \"arcane\"}, {\"word\": \"cryptic\"}, {\"word\": \"esoteric\"}, {\"word\": \"recondite\"}, {\"word\": \"incomprehensible\"}], \"tags\": [\"formal\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"open\"}, {\"word\": \"patent\"}, {\"word\": \"unconcealed\"}, {\"word\": \"unhidden\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1612, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Which Speakes of that which after Befell in the Inne; and of Sundry Other Things Worthy to be Knowne”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 4, page 500:\", \"text\": \"O vvho is he that could carrie nevves to our olde father, that thou vvert but aliue, although thou vvert hidden in the moſt abſtruſe dungeons of Barbarie; for his riches, my brothers and mine vvould fetch thee from thence.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1648, Joseph Beaumont, “Canto XVII. The Mortification. Stanza 182.”, in Psyche: Or Loves Mysterie, […], London: […] John Dawson for George Boddington, […], →OCLC, page 328, column 2:\", \"text\": \"[T]he abſtruſeſt Things / VVhich in the Mindes dark Temper neſtling ly, / By you expoſed are to every Eye.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 709–714:\", \"text\": \"Mean while th’ Eternal eye, whoſe ſight diſcernes / Abſtruſeſt thoughts, from forth his holy Mount / And from within the golden Lamps that burne / Nightly before him, ſaw without their light / Rebellion riſing, ſaw in whom, how ſpred / Among the ſons of Morn, what multitudes / Were banded to oppoſe his high Decree; […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Concealed or hidden; secret.\"], \"links\": [[\"Concealed\", \"concealed#Adjective\"], [\"hidden\", \"hidden#Adjective\"], [\"secret\", \"secret#Adjective\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) Concealed or hidden; secret.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"abstrused\"}, {\"word\": \"clandestine\"}, {\"word\": \"surreptitious\"}, {\"word\": \"covert\"}, {\"word\": \"hidden\"}], \"tags\": [\"formal\", \"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əbˈstɹuːs/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/əbˈstɹus/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/æb-/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əbˈstɹʉs/\", \"tags\": [\"Northern-Ireland\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-uːs\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"thellë\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"nejasen\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"неясен\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"truden za razbirane\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"труден за разбиране\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrús\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bì, mì\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"秘\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"note\": \"of music\", \"roman\": \"huìsè\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"usually\"], \"topics\": [\"writing\", \"journalism\", \"literature\", \"communications\", \"publishing\", \"media\"], \"word\": \"晦澀 /晦涩\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiānsè\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"艱澀 /艰涩\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiānshēn\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"艱深 /艰深\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"nánjiě\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"難解 /难解\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shēn'ào\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"深奧 /深奥\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shēncháng\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"深長 /深长\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shēnsuì\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"深邃\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"xuánmì\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"玄祕 /玄秘\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"xuánmiào\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"玄妙\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"onbevattelijk\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ondoorgrondelijk\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"vaikeaselkoinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"vaikeatajuinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrus\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abscons\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrus\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"unfassbar\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"asafís\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ασαφής\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"dysnóitos\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"δυσνόητος\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"poikĭ́los\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ποικῐ́λος\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"bārīk\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"बारीक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"elvont\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"homályos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"obskúrus\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"torskilinn\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"astruso\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ermetico\"}, {\"alt\": \"かいじゅう\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"kaijū\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"晦渋\"}, {\"alt\": \"なんかい\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"nankai\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"難解\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"ğalamat\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ғаламат\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"simohan\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"심오(深奧)한\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"neuvaghtal\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ākahukahu\"}, {\"code\": \"enm\", \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\"], \"word\": \"mysty\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrús\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"mętny\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abstruso\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"confuz\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"mudrjónyj\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"мудрёный\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstruso\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"obscuro\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"pejorative\"], \"word\": \"conceptuoso\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrus\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"dunkel\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"svårfattlig\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"baliwag\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"gūḍhamu\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"గూఢము\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"huyền diệu\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"astrus\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"cymhleth\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"dyrys\"}], \"word\": \"abstruse\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "adj",
  "title": "abstruse",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "abstruse/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Early Modern English\", \"English adjectives\", \"English autological terms\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English formal terms\", \"English learned borrowings from Latin\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms borrowed from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trewd-\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Mandarin translations\", \"Rhymes:English/uːs\", \"Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Middle English translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abstrusely\"}, {\"word\": \"abstruseness\"}, {\"word\": \"abstrusity\"}, {\"word\": \"non-abstruse\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"h₂epó\"}, \"expansion\": \"PIE word\\n *h₂epó\", \"name\": \"PIE word\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*trewd-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"abstrūsus\", \"t\": \"concealed, hidden; having been concealed\"}, \"expansion\": \"Learned borrowing from Latin abstrūsus (“concealed, hidden; having been concealed”)\", \"name\": \"lbor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"adjective\"}, \"expansion\": \"adjective\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"perfect\"}, \"expansion\": \"perfect\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"passive\"}, \"expansion\": \"passive\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"participle\"}, \"expansion\": \"participle\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"prefix\"}, \"expansion\": \"prefix\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*trewd-\", \"t\": \"to push; to thrust\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push; to thrust”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"2\", \"2\": \"cog\"}, \"expansion\": \"Cognates\", \"name\": \"col-top\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ca\", \"2\": \"abstrús\"}, \"expansion\": \"Catalan abstrús\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"abstrus\", \"t\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"German abstrus (“abstruse”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"it\", \"2\": \"astruso\", \"t\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"Italian astruso (“abstruse”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"frm\", \"2\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle French abstruse\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"abstrus\"}, \"expansion\": \"French abstrus\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"abstruso\", \"t\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"Portuguese abstruso (“abstruse”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"abstruso\", \"t\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish abstruso (“abstruse”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"PIE word\\n *h₂epó\\nLearned borrowing from Latin abstrūsus (“concealed, hidden; having been concealed”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abstrūdō (“to conceal, hide; to push or thrust away”), from abs- (from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; away from’)) + trūdō (“to push, shove; to thrust”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push; to thrust”)).\\nCognates\\n* Catalan abstrús\\n* German abstrus (“abstruse”)\\n* Italian astruso (“abstruse”)\\n* Middle French abstruse (modern French abstrus, abstruse (“(derogatory, literary) abstruse”)\\n* Portuguese abstruso (“abstruse”)\\n* Spanish abstruso (“abstruse”)\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abstruser\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"more abstruse\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"abstrusest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most abstruse\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"er\", \"2\": \"more\"}, \"expansion\": \"abstruse (comparative abstruser or more abstruse, superlative abstrusest or most abstruse)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"formal\"}, \"expansion\": \"(formal)\", \"name\": \"term-label\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"abs‧truse\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"related\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"abstrude\"}, {\"tags\": [\"adjective\", \"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"abstrused\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"abstrusion\"}, {\"word\": \"abstrusive\"}, {\"word\": \"abstrusively\"}, {\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"retruse\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"clear\"}, {\"word\": \"obvious\"}, {\"word\": \"understandable\"}, {\"word\": \"comprehensible\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Sometimes the good maketh an ill end, and the ill a good. In this opinion, and inscrutable mystery be weary all his wits, and at the end of his cogitations, findeth more abstruse, and doubtfull objections than at the beginning, […]\", \"ref\": \"[1548], Joanne Hopper [i.e., John Hooper], “Curiositie”, in A Declaration of the Ten Holy Cõmaundementes of Allmygthye God […], [Zurich]: [Christoph Froschauer], →OCLC, page CCXVIII:\", \"text\": \"Some time the good makithe an ile end⸝ ãd the ile a godd. In this opiniõ⸝ and in ſcrutable miſterie be werithe all his wittes⸝ and at the end of his cogitacions⸝ fyndithe more abſtruſe⸝ and doutfull obiections thẽ at the beginning⸝ […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 65, line 75:\", \"text\": \"Be leſs abſtruſe, my riddling days are paſt.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1729, John Machin, “The Laws of the Moon’s Motion According to Gravity”, in Isaac Newton, translated by Andrew Motte, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. […] , volume II, London: […] Benjamin Motte, […], →OCLC, page 4:\", \"text\": \"Thoſe propoſitions relating to the Moon's motion, which are demonſtrated in the Principia [by Isaac Newton], do generally depend on calculations very intricate and abſtruſe, the truth of which is not eaſily examined, even by thoſe that are moſt skilful; […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1741, I[saac] Watts, “Of the Sciences, and Their Use in Particular Professions”, in The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […], London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC, paragraph I, page 316:\", \"text\": \"The beſt VVay to learn any Science, is to begin vvith a regular Syſtem, or a ſhort and plain Scheme of that Science, vvell dravvn up into a narrovv Compaſs, omitting the deeper and more abſtruſe Parts of it, and that alſo under the Conduct and Inſtruction of ſome ſkilful Teacher.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1748, [David Hume], “Essay I. Of the Different Species of Philosophy.”, in Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 3:\", \"text\": \"'Tis certain, that the eaſy and obvious Philoſophy vvill always, vvith the Generality of Mankind, have the Preference to the accurate and abſtruſe; and by many vvill be recommended, not only as more agreeable, but more uſeful than the other.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1788, Publius [pseudonym; Alexander Hamilton], “Number XXXI. The Same Subject Continued [Concerning Taxation].”, in The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, […] , volume I, New York, N.Y.: […] J. and A. M‘Lean, […], →OCLC, page 191:\", \"text\": \"The objects of geometrical enquiry are ſo intirely abſracted from thoſe purſuits vvhich ſtir up and put in motion the unruly paſſions of the human heart, that mankind vvithout difficulty adopt not only the more ſimple theorems of the ſcience, but even thoſe abſtruſe paradoxes, vvhich hovvever they may appear ſuſceptible of demonſtration, are at variance vvith the natural conceptions vvhich the mind, vvithout the aid of philoſophy, vvould be led to entertain upon the ſubject.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1831 October 31, Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, chapter IV, in Frankenstein: Or, The Modern Prometheus (Standard Novels; IX), 3rd edition, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 36:\", \"text\": \"In a thousand ways he smoothed for me the path of knowledge, and made the most abstruse inquiries clear and facile to my apprehension.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1854, Henry Hart Milman, “Pelagianism”, in History of Latin Christianity; […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, book II, page 127:\", \"text\": \"A second rescript followed, commanding all bishops not merely to subscribe the dominant opinions on these profound and abstruse topics, but to condemn their authors, Pelagius and Cœlestius, as irreclaimable heretics, and this under pain of deprivation and banishment.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Difficult to comprehend or understand; obscure.\"], \"links\": [[\"Difficult\", \"difficult\"], [\"comprehend\", \"comprehend\"], [\"understand\", \"understand\"], [\"obscure\", \"obscure#Adjective\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abstrusive\"}, {\"word\": \"arcane\"}, {\"word\": \"cryptic\"}, {\"word\": \"esoteric\"}, {\"word\": \"recondite\"}, {\"word\": \"incomprehensible\"}], \"tags\": [\"formal\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"open\"}, {\"word\": \"patent\"}, {\"word\": \"unconcealed\"}, {\"word\": \"unhidden\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1612, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Which Speakes of that which after Befell in the Inne; and of Sundry Other Things Worthy to be Knowne”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 4, page 500:\", \"text\": \"O vvho is he that could carrie nevves to our olde father, that thou vvert but aliue, although thou vvert hidden in the moſt abſtruſe dungeons of Barbarie; for his riches, my brothers and mine vvould fetch thee from thence.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1648, Joseph Beaumont, “Canto XVII. The Mortification. Stanza 182.”, in Psyche: Or Loves Mysterie, […], London: […] John Dawson for George Boddington, […], →OCLC, page 328, column 2:\", \"text\": \"[T]he abſtruſeſt Things / VVhich in the Mindes dark Temper neſtling ly, / By you expoſed are to every Eye.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 709–714:\", \"text\": \"Mean while th’ Eternal eye, whoſe ſight diſcernes / Abſtruſeſt thoughts, from forth his holy Mount / And from within the golden Lamps that burne / Nightly before him, ſaw without their light / Rebellion riſing, ſaw in whom, how ſpred / Among the ſons of Morn, what multitudes / Were banded to oppoſe his high Decree; […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Concealed or hidden; secret.\"], \"links\": [[\"Concealed\", \"concealed#Adjective\"], [\"hidden\", \"hidden#Adjective\"], [\"secret\", \"secret#Adjective\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) Concealed or hidden; secret.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"abstrused\"}, {\"word\": \"clandestine\"}, {\"word\": \"surreptitious\"}, {\"word\": \"covert\"}, {\"word\": \"hidden\"}], \"tags\": [\"formal\", \"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əbˈstɹuːs/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/əbˈstɹus/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/æb-/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əbˈstɹʉs/\", \"tags\": [\"Northern-Ireland\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-uːs\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"thellë\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"nejasen\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"неясен\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"truden za razbirane\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"труден за разбиране\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrús\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bì, mì\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"秘\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"note\": \"of music\", \"roman\": \"huìsè\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"usually\"], \"topics\": [\"writing\", \"journalism\", \"literature\", \"communications\", \"publishing\", \"media\"], \"word\": \"晦澀 /晦涩\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiānsè\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"艱澀 /艰涩\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiānshēn\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"艱深 /艰深\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"nánjiě\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"難解 /难解\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shēn'ào\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"深奧 /深奥\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shēncháng\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"深長 /深长\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shēnsuì\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"深邃\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"xuánmì\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"玄祕 /玄秘\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"xuánmiào\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"玄妙\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"onbevattelijk\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ondoorgrondelijk\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"vaikeaselkoinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"vaikeatajuinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrus\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abscons\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrus\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"unfassbar\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"asafís\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ασαφής\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"dysnóitos\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"δυσνόητος\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"poikĭ́los\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ποικῐ́λος\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"bārīk\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"बारीक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"elvont\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"homályos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"obskúrus\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"torskilinn\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"astruso\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ermetico\"}, {\"alt\": \"かいじゅう\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"kaijū\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"晦渋\"}, {\"alt\": \"なんかい\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"nankai\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"難解\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"ğalamat\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ғаламат\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"simohan\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"심오(深奧)한\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"neuvaghtal\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ākahukahu\"}, {\"code\": \"enm\", \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\"], \"word\": \"mysty\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrús\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"mętny\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abstruso\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"confuz\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"mudrjónyj\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"мудрёный\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstruso\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"obscuro\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"pejorative\"], \"word\": \"conceptuoso\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrus\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"dunkel\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"svårfattlig\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"baliwag\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"gūḍhamu\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"గూఢము\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"huyền diệu\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"astrus\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"cymhleth\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"dyrys\"}], \"word\": \"abstruse\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "adj",
  "title": "abstruse",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "abstruse/English/adj: invalid uppercase tag Northern-Ireland not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Early Modern English\", \"English adjectives\", \"English autological terms\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English formal terms\", \"English learned borrowings from Latin\", \"English lemmas\", \"English terms borrowed from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trewd-\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 4 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Mandarin translations\", \"Rhymes:English/uːs\", \"Rhymes:English/uːs/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Manx translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Middle English translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abstrusely\"}, {\"word\": \"abstruseness\"}, {\"word\": \"abstrusity\"}, {\"word\": \"non-abstruse\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"h₂epó\"}, \"expansion\": \"PIE word\\n *h₂epó\", \"name\": \"PIE word\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*trewd-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"abstrūsus\", \"t\": \"concealed, hidden; having been concealed\"}, \"expansion\": \"Learned borrowing from Latin abstrūsus (“concealed, hidden; having been concealed”)\", \"name\": \"lbor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"adjective\"}, \"expansion\": \"adjective\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"perfect\"}, \"expansion\": \"perfect\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"passive\"}, \"expansion\": \"passive\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"participle\"}, \"expansion\": \"participle\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"prefix\"}, \"expansion\": \"prefix\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*trewd-\", \"t\": \"to push; to thrust\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push; to thrust”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"2\", \"2\": \"cog\"}, \"expansion\": \"Cognates\", \"name\": \"col-top\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ca\", \"2\": \"abstrús\"}, \"expansion\": \"Catalan abstrús\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"abstrus\", \"t\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"German abstrus (“abstruse”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"it\", \"2\": \"astruso\", \"t\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"Italian astruso (“abstruse”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"frm\", \"2\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle French abstruse\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"abstrus\"}, \"expansion\": \"French abstrus\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"pt\", \"2\": \"abstruso\", \"t\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"Portuguese abstruso (“abstruse”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"es\", \"2\": \"abstruso\", \"t\": \"abstruse\"}, \"expansion\": \"Spanish abstruso (“abstruse”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"PIE word\\n *h₂epó\\nLearned borrowing from Latin abstrūsus (“concealed, hidden; having been concealed”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abstrūdō (“to conceal, hide; to push or thrust away”), from abs- (from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; away from’)) + trūdō (“to push, shove; to thrust”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to push; to thrust”)).\\nCognates\\n* Catalan abstrús\\n* German abstrus (“abstruse”)\\n* Italian astruso (“abstruse”)\\n* Middle French abstruse (modern French abstrus, abstruse (“(derogatory, literary) abstruse”)\\n* Portuguese abstruso (“abstruse”)\\n* Spanish abstruso (“abstruse”)\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abstruser\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"more abstruse\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"abstrusest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most abstruse\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"er\", \"2\": \"more\"}, \"expansion\": \"abstruse (comparative abstruser or more abstruse, superlative abstrusest or most abstruse)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"formal\"}, \"expansion\": \"(formal)\", \"name\": \"term-label\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"abs‧truse\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"related\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"abstrude\"}, {\"tags\": [\"adjective\", \"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"abstrused\"}, {\"tags\": [\"archaic\"], \"word\": \"abstrusion\"}, {\"word\": \"abstrusive\"}, {\"word\": \"abstrusively\"}, {\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"retruse\"}], \"senses\": [{\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"clear\"}, {\"word\": \"obvious\"}, {\"word\": \"understandable\"}, {\"word\": \"comprehensible\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"english\": \"Sometimes the good maketh an ill end, and the ill a good. In this opinion, and inscrutable mystery be weary all his wits, and at the end of his cogitations, findeth more abstruse, and doubtfull objections than at the beginning, […]\", \"ref\": \"[1548], Joanne Hopper [i.e., John Hooper], “Curiositie”, in A Declaration of the Ten Holy Cõmaundementes of Allmygthye God […], [Zurich]: [Christoph Froschauer], →OCLC, page CCXVIII:\", \"text\": \"Some time the good makithe an ile end⸝ ãd the ile a godd. In this opiniõ⸝ and in ſcrutable miſterie be werithe all his wittes⸝ and at the end of his cogitacions⸝ fyndithe more abſtruſe⸝ and doutfull obiections thẽ at the beginning⸝ […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1671, John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 65, line 75:\", \"text\": \"Be leſs abſtruſe, my riddling days are paſt.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1729, John Machin, “The Laws of the Moon’s Motion According to Gravity”, in Isaac Newton, translated by Andrew Motte, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. […] , volume II, London: […] Benjamin Motte, […], →OCLC, page 4:\", \"text\": \"Thoſe propoſitions relating to the Moon's motion, which are demonſtrated in the Principia [by Isaac Newton], do generally depend on calculations very intricate and abſtruſe, the truth of which is not eaſily examined, even by thoſe that are moſt skilful; […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1741, I[saac] Watts, “Of the Sciences, and Their Use in Particular Professions”, in The Improvement of the Mind: Or, A Supplement to the Art of Logick: […], London: […] James Brackstone, […], →OCLC, paragraph I, page 316:\", \"text\": \"The beſt VVay to learn any Science, is to begin vvith a regular Syſtem, or a ſhort and plain Scheme of that Science, vvell dravvn up into a narrovv Compaſs, omitting the deeper and more abſtruſe Parts of it, and that alſo under the Conduct and Inſtruction of ſome ſkilful Teacher.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1748, [David Hume], “Essay I. Of the Different Species of Philosophy.”, in Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 3:\", \"text\": \"'Tis certain, that the eaſy and obvious Philoſophy vvill always, vvith the Generality of Mankind, have the Preference to the accurate and abſtruſe; and by many vvill be recommended, not only as more agreeable, but more uſeful than the other.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1788, Publius [pseudonym; Alexander Hamilton], “Number XXXI. The Same Subject Continued [Concerning Taxation].”, in The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, […] , volume I, New York, N.Y.: […] J. and A. M‘Lean, […], →OCLC, page 191:\", \"text\": \"The objects of geometrical enquiry are ſo intirely abſracted from thoſe purſuits vvhich ſtir up and put in motion the unruly paſſions of the human heart, that mankind vvithout difficulty adopt not only the more ſimple theorems of the ſcience, but even thoſe abſtruſe paradoxes, vvhich hovvever they may appear ſuſceptible of demonſtration, are at variance vvith the natural conceptions vvhich the mind, vvithout the aid of philoſophy, vvould be led to entertain upon the ſubject.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1831 October 31, Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, chapter IV, in Frankenstein: Or, The Modern Prometheus (Standard Novels; IX), 3rd edition, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 36:\", \"text\": \"In a thousand ways he smoothed for me the path of knowledge, and made the most abstruse inquiries clear and facile to my apprehension.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1854, Henry Hart Milman, “Pelagianism”, in History of Latin Christianity; […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, book II, page 127:\", \"text\": \"A second rescript followed, commanding all bishops not merely to subscribe the dominant opinions on these profound and abstruse topics, but to condemn their authors, Pelagius and Cœlestius, as irreclaimable heretics, and this under pain of deprivation and banishment.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Difficult to comprehend or understand; obscure.\"], \"links\": [[\"Difficult\", \"difficult\"], [\"comprehend\", \"comprehend\"], [\"understand\", \"understand\"], [\"obscure\", \"obscure#Adjective\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"abstrusive\"}, {\"word\": \"arcane\"}, {\"word\": \"cryptic\"}, {\"word\": \"esoteric\"}, {\"word\": \"recondite\"}, {\"word\": \"incomprehensible\"}], \"tags\": [\"formal\"]}, {\"antonyms\": [{\"word\": \"open\"}, {\"word\": \"patent\"}, {\"word\": \"unconcealed\"}, {\"word\": \"unhidden\"}], \"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1612, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Which Speakes of that which after Befell in the Inne; and of Sundry Other Things Worthy to be Knowne”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 4, page 500:\", \"text\": \"O vvho is he that could carrie nevves to our olde father, that thou vvert but aliue, although thou vvert hidden in the moſt abſtruſe dungeons of Barbarie; for his riches, my brothers and mine vvould fetch thee from thence.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1648, Joseph Beaumont, “Canto XVII. The Mortification. Stanza 182.”, in Psyche: Or Loves Mysterie, […], London: […] John Dawson for George Boddington, […], →OCLC, page 328, column 2:\", \"text\": \"[T]he abſtruſeſt Things / VVhich in the Mindes dark Temper neſtling ly, / By you expoſed are to every Eye.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1667, John Milton, “Book V”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 709–714:\", \"text\": \"Mean while th’ Eternal eye, whoſe ſight diſcernes / Abſtruſeſt thoughts, from forth his holy Mount / And from within the golden Lamps that burne / Nightly before him, ſaw without their light / Rebellion riſing, ſaw in whom, how ſpred / Among the ſons of Morn, what multitudes / Were banded to oppoſe his high Decree; […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Concealed or hidden; secret.\"], \"links\": [[\"Concealed\", \"concealed#Adjective\"], [\"hidden\", \"hidden#Adjective\"], [\"secret\", \"secret#Adjective\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) Concealed or hidden; secret.\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"abstrused\"}, {\"word\": \"clandestine\"}, {\"word\": \"surreptitious\"}, {\"word\": \"covert\"}, {\"word\": \"hidden\"}], \"tags\": [\"formal\", \"obsolete\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/əbˈstɹuːs/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fb/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abstruse.wav.ogg\"}, {\"ipa\": \"/əbˈstɹus/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/æb-/\", \"tags\": [\"Canada\", \"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/əbˈstɹʉs/\", \"tags\": [\"Northern-Ireland\", \"Scotland\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-uːs\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"thellë\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"nejasen\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"неясен\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"truden za razbirane\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"труден за разбиране\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrús\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"bì, mì\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"秘\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"note\": \"of music\", \"roman\": \"huìsè\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"usually\"], \"topics\": [\"writing\", \"journalism\", \"literature\", \"communications\", \"publishing\", \"media\"], \"word\": \"晦澀 /晦涩\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiānsè\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"艱澀 /艰涩\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jiānshēn\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"艱深 /艰深\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"nánjiě\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"難解 /难解\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shēn'ào\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"深奧 /深奥\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shēncháng\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"深長 /深长\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shēnsuì\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"深邃\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"xuánmì\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"玄祕 /玄秘\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"xuánmiào\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"玄妙\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"onbevattelijk\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ondoorgrondelijk\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"vaikeaselkoinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"vaikeatajuinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrus\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abscons\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrus\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"unfassbar\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"asafís\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ασαφής\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"dysnóitos\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"δυσνόητος\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"poikĭ́los\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ποικῐ́λος\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"bārīk\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"बारीक\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"elvont\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"homályos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"obskúrus\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"torskilinn\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"astruso\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ermetico\"}, {\"alt\": \"かいじゅう\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"kaijū\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"晦渋\"}, {\"alt\": \"なんかい\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"nankai\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"難解\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"ğalamat\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ғаламат\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"simohan\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"심오(深奧)한\"}, {\"code\": \"gv\", \"lang\": \"Manx\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"neuvaghtal\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"ākahukahu\"}, {\"code\": \"enm\", \"lang\": \"Middle English\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"figuratively\"], \"word\": \"mysty\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrús\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"mętny\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"abstruso\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"confuz\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"mudrjónyj\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"мудрёный\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstruso\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"obscuro\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"tags\": [\"pejorative\"], \"word\": \"conceptuoso\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"abstrus\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"dunkel\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"svårfattlig\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"baliwag\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"gūḍhamu\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"గూఢము\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"huyền diệu\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"astrus\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"cymhleth\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"difficult to comprehend or understand — see also obscure\", \"word\": \"dyrys\"}], \"word\": \"abstruse\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "adj",
  "title": "abstruse",
  "trace": ""
}