See malum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From malus (“evil, wicked”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "malum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 15 3 6 7 6 4 10 3 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 14 6 8 10 9 10 15 5 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "la:Ethics",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "malus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of malus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular"
],
"id": "en-malum-la-adj-kRe5zUn4",
"links": [
[
"malus",
"malus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 14 6 8 10 9 10 15 5 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "la:Ethics",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "malus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of malus:",
"accusative masculine singular"
],
"id": "en-malum-la-adj-mjmNsm9j",
"links": [
[
"malus",
"malus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäːlum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "malum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "mal"
},
"expansion": "French: mal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: mal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "malum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: malum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: malum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "malo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: malo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: malo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From malus (“evil, wicked”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "malī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "malum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "malum<2>"
},
"expansion": "malum n (genitive malī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "malum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"evil, adversity, hardship, misfortune, calamity, disaster, mischief"
],
"id": "en-malum-la-noun-la:evil",
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"adversity",
"adversity"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"misfortune",
"misfortune"
],
[
"calamity",
"calamity"
],
[
"disaster",
"disaster"
],
[
"mischief",
"mischief"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:evil"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "plāga"
},
{
"word": "īnfortūnium"
},
{
"word": "calamitās"
},
{
"word": "cāsus"
},
{
"word": "cruciātus"
},
{
"word": "miseria"
},
{
"word": "vulnus"
},
{
"word": "nūbēs"
},
{
"word": "pestis"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 14 6 8 10 9 10 15 5 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "la:Ethics",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "my days are clouded by sudden miseries",
"ref": "8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.40",
"text": "nūbila sunt subitīs tempora nostra malīs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"punishment, harm, injury, torment, misery"
],
"id": "en-malum-la-noun-Hhqbrz4u",
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"misery",
"misery"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cruciātus"
},
{
"word": "pūnītiō"
},
{
"word": "mercēs"
},
{
"word": "poena"
},
{
"word": "supplicium"
},
{
"word": "vindicātiō"
},
{
"word": "vindicta"
},
{
"word": "animadversus"
},
{
"word": "exemplum"
},
{
"word": "sānctiō"
},
{
"word": "pretium"
},
{
"word": "noxa"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "salūs"
},
{
"word": "valētūdō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"disease, illness, infirmity"
],
"id": "en-malum-la-noun-~p2luHus",
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"illness",
"illness"
],
[
"infirmity",
"infirmity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aegritūdō"
},
{
"word": "morbus"
},
{
"word": "pestis"
},
{
"word": "valētūdō"
},
{
"word": "labor"
},
{
"word": "infirmitas"
},
{
"word": "incommodum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "bonum"
},
{
"word": "rēctum"
},
{
"word": "virtūs"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 14 6 8 10 9 10 15 5 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "la:Ethics",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wrong-doing"
],
"id": "en-malum-la-noun-3ZgMtJv3",
"links": [
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
],
[
"doing",
"doing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "culpa"
},
{
"word": "dēlictum"
},
{
"word": "peccātum"
},
{
"word": "scelus"
},
{
"word": "vitium"
},
{
"word": "noxa"
},
{
"word": "crīmen"
},
{
"word": "facinus"
},
{
"word": "iniūria"
},
{
"word": "error"
},
{
"word": "dēlinquentia"
},
{
"word": "maleficium"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 9 1 1 0 8 5 9 8 21 0 4 8 2 2 17 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 8 1 0 0 5 5 6 9 24 0 4 9 1 1 20 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 0 8 9 9 15 35 0 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 7 8 9 15 38 1 6 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 14 6 8 10 9 10 15 5 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ethics",
"orig": "la:Ethics",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 1 9 10 12 11 27 5 10 12",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Pome fruits",
"orig": "la:Pome fruits",
"parents": [
"Rose family plants",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad words"
],
"id": "en-malum-la-noun-9jnu7dX5",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"words",
"words"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) bad words"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"in-plural",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäːlum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "malum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From malus (“evil, wicked”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "intj"
},
"expansion": "malum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Certainly you did, for yourself and your parasite.\"\n\"For whom? Fuck, parasite? Surely this woman isn't quite right in her senses.",
"ref": "c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Menaechmi 2.3.389.390",
"roman": "Sosicles: Quoi, malum, parasito? Certo haec mulier non sana est satis.",
"text": "Erotium: Certo, tibi et parasito tuo."
}
],
"glosses": [
"damn!, fuck!, alas!, misery!"
],
"id": "en-malum-la-intj-l2Oxx7ld",
"links": [
[
"damn",
"damn"
],
[
"fuck",
"fuck"
],
[
"alas",
"alas"
],
[
"misery",
"misery"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "malē"
},
{
"word": "malus"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäːlum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "malum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mālum discordiae"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mālum pūnicum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "mer",
"3": "meru"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: mer, meru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: mer, meru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "mêl",
"3": "miluç"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: mêl, miluç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: mêl, miluç"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "mela"
},
"expansion": "Italian: mela",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "maliforme",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ maliforme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: mela, ⇒ maliforme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "mìlo",
"3": "méla"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: mìlo, méla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: mìlo, méla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "măr"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: măr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: măr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "mail"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: mail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: mail"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mela"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: mela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: mela"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "apple"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bor",
"3": "unc",
"4": "grc-dor>μῆλον>apple",
"id": "apple"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc-dor",
"3": "μῆλον",
"4": "μᾶλον",
"t": "apple"
},
"expansion": "Doric Greek μᾶλον (mâlon, “apple”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*méh₂lom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *méh₂lom",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps borrowed from Doric Greek μᾶλον (mâlon, “apple”). Alternatively but less likely from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂lom. The Proto-Indo-European word in fact regularly give both mālum in Latin and μῆλον in Ancient Greek, but such reconstruction is dubious due to the fact that it is only found in some Indo-European languages. It is more likely that the Greek word was borrowed from a pre-Indo-European subratum and later borrowed into Latin. See μῆλον for more details.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mālum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "mālī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "māla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mālōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "māla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "māla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mālum<2>"
},
"expansion": "mālum n (genitive mālī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mālum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mālus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mēlum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mēlō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mēlopepō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"apple (fruit)"
],
"id": "en-malum-la-noun-la:apple",
"links": [
[
"apple",
"apple"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:apple"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"any tree fruit with a fleshy exterior, e.g. quinces, pears, peaches, etc."
],
"id": "en-malum-la-noun-J~~qsASF",
"links": [
[
"quince",
"quince"
],
[
"pear",
"pear"
],
[
"peaches",
"peach#English:_fruit"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "la:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the plant Aristolochia"
],
"id": "en-malum-la-noun-TOZcwCNg",
"links": [
[
"Aristolochia",
"Aristolochia#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmaː.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäːlum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Late-Latin"
],
"word": "mēlum"
}
],
"word": "malum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin heteronyms",
"Latin interjections",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Doric Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Doric Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Ethics",
"la:Pome fruits"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From malus (“evil, wicked”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "malum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "malus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of malus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular"
],
"links": [
[
"malus",
"malus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "malus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of malus:",
"accusative masculine singular"
],
"links": [
[
"malus",
"malus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäːlum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "malum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin heteronyms",
"Latin interjections",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Doric Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Doric Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Ethics",
"la:Pome fruits"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "mal"
},
"expansion": "French: mal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: mal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "malum",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: malum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: malum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "malo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: malo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: malo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From malus (“evil, wicked”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "malī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "malum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "malīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "malum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "malum<2>"
},
"expansion": "malum n (genitive malī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "malum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"evil, adversity, hardship, misfortune, calamity, disaster, mischief"
],
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"adversity",
"adversity"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"misfortune",
"misfortune"
],
[
"calamity",
"calamity"
],
[
"disaster",
"disaster"
],
[
"mischief",
"mischief"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:evil"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "plāga"
},
{
"word": "īnfortūnium"
},
{
"word": "calamitās"
},
{
"word": "cāsus"
},
{
"word": "cruciātus"
},
{
"word": "miseria"
},
{
"word": "vulnus"
},
{
"word": "nūbēs"
},
{
"word": "pestis"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "my days are clouded by sudden miseries",
"ref": "8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Sorrows 1.40",
"text": "nūbila sunt subitīs tempora nostra malīs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"punishment, harm, injury, torment, misery"
],
"links": [
[
"punishment",
"punishment"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"misery",
"misery"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cruciātus"
},
{
"word": "pūnītiō"
},
{
"word": "mercēs"
},
{
"word": "poena"
},
{
"word": "supplicium"
},
{
"word": "vindicātiō"
},
{
"word": "vindicta"
},
{
"word": "animadversus"
},
{
"word": "exemplum"
},
{
"word": "sānctiō"
},
{
"word": "pretium"
},
{
"word": "noxa"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "salūs"
},
{
"word": "valētūdō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"disease, illness, infirmity"
],
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"illness",
"illness"
],
[
"infirmity",
"infirmity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aegritūdō"
},
{
"word": "morbus"
},
{
"word": "pestis"
},
{
"word": "valētūdō"
},
{
"word": "labor"
},
{
"word": "infirmitas"
},
{
"word": "incommodum"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "bonum"
},
{
"word": "rēctum"
},
{
"word": "virtūs"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wrong-doing"
],
"links": [
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
],
[
"doing",
"doing"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "culpa"
},
{
"word": "dēlictum"
},
{
"word": "peccātum"
},
{
"word": "scelus"
},
{
"word": "vitium"
},
{
"word": "noxa"
},
{
"word": "crīmen"
},
{
"word": "facinus"
},
{
"word": "iniūria"
},
{
"word": "error"
},
{
"word": "dēlinquentia"
},
{
"word": "maleficium"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad words"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"words",
"words"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) bad words"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"in-plural",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäːlum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "malum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin heteronyms",
"Latin interjections",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Doric Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Doric Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Ethics",
"la:Pome fruits"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "evil"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From malus (“evil, wicked”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "intj"
},
"expansion": "malum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "intj",
"related": [
{
"word": "malē"
},
{
"word": "malus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Certainly you did, for yourself and your parasite.\"\n\"For whom? Fuck, parasite? Surely this woman isn't quite right in her senses.",
"ref": "c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Menaechmi 2.3.389.390",
"roman": "Sosicles: Quoi, malum, parasito? Certo haec mulier non sana est satis.",
"text": "Erotium: Certo, tibi et parasito tuo."
}
],
"glosses": [
"damn!, fuck!, alas!, misery!"
],
"links": [
[
"damn",
"damn"
],
[
"fuck",
"fuck"
],
[
"alas",
"alas"
],
[
"misery",
"misery"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäːlum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "malum"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin heteronyms",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Doric Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Doric Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Ethics",
"la:Pome fruits"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "mālum discordiae"
},
{
"word": "mālum pūnicum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "mer",
"3": "meru"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: mer, meru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: mer, meru"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "mêl",
"3": "miluç"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: mêl, miluç",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: mêl, miluç"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "mela"
},
"expansion": "Italian: mela",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "maliforme",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ maliforme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: mela, ⇒ maliforme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "mìlo",
"3": "méla"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: mìlo, méla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: mìlo, méla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "măr"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: măr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: măr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "mail"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: mail",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: mail"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "mela"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: mela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: mela"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "apple"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bor",
"3": "unc",
"4": "grc-dor>μῆλον>apple",
"id": "apple"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc-dor",
"3": "μῆλον",
"4": "μᾶλον",
"t": "apple"
},
"expansion": "Doric Greek μᾶλον (mâlon, “apple”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*méh₂lom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *méh₂lom",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps borrowed from Doric Greek μᾶλον (mâlon, “apple”). Alternatively but less likely from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂lom. The Proto-Indo-European word in fact regularly give both mālum in Latin and μῆλον in Ancient Greek, but such reconstruction is dubious due to the fact that it is only found in some Indo-European languages. It is more likely that the Greek word was borrowed from a pre-Indo-European subratum and later borrowed into Latin. See μῆλον for more details.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mālum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "mālī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "māla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mālōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "māla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "māla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mālum<2>"
},
"expansion": "mālum n (genitive mālī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mālum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "mālus"
},
{
"word": "mēlum"
},
{
"word": "mēlō"
},
{
"word": "mēlopepō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"apple (fruit)"
],
"links": [
[
"apple",
"apple"
]
],
"senseid": [
"la:apple"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"any tree fruit with a fleshy exterior, e.g. quinces, pears, peaches, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"quince",
"quince"
],
[
"pear",
"pear"
],
[
"peaches",
"peach#English:_fruit"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Plants"
],
"glosses": [
"the plant Aristolochia"
],
"links": [
[
"Aristolochia",
"Aristolochia#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmaː.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈma.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈmäːlum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Late-Latin"
],
"word": "mēlum"
}
],
"word": "malum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for malum meaning in Latin (13.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.