"labor" meaning in Latin

See labor in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈla.bor/ [Classical], [ˈɫ̪äbɔr] [Classical], /ˈla.bor/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈläːbor] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From Old Latin labōs, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European root *lebʰ- (“to seize, take”), whence Sanskrit लभते (labhate, “take, gain”) and Lithuanian lõbis (“wealth”). More commonly connected with labō (“I totter”) (see Etymology 2 below), but this is rejected by de Vaan, who however provides no alternative. The semantic connection is weak in either case. Etymology templates: {{der|la|itc-ola|labōs}} Old Latin labōs, {{unc|la|nocap=1}} uncertain, {{der|la|ine-pro|-}} Proto-Indo-European, {{m|ine-pro|*lebʰ-||to seize, take}} *lebʰ- (“to seize, take”), {{cog|sa|लभते||take, gain}} Sanskrit लभते (labhate, “take, gain”), {{cog|lt|lõbis||wealth}} Lithuanian lõbis (“wealth”), {{m|la|labō||I totter}} labō (“I totter”) Head templates: {{la-noun|labor<3>}} labor m (genitive labōris); third declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|labor<3>}} Forms: labōris [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], labor [nominative, singular], labōrēs [nominative, plural], labōris [genitive, singular], labōrum [genitive, plural], labōrī [dative, singular], labōribus [dative, plural], labōrem [accusative, singular], labōrēs [accusative, plural], labōre [ablative, singular], labōribus [ablative, plural], labor [singular, vocative], labōrēs [plural, vocative]
  1. work Tags: declension-3, masculine
    Sense id: en-labor-la-noun-la:work Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 18 18 22 27 16
  2. labor, toil, exertion Tags: declension-3, masculine Synonyms: cōnātus, studium, opus, opera, cūra, mōlīmen, intēnsiō, mōlēs, pulvis
    Sense id: en-labor-la-noun-jUnXq~7p Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 18 18 22 27 16
  3. (chiefly poetic) hardship, trouble, fatigue, suffering, drudgery, distress Tags: declension-3, masculine, poetic
    Sense id: en-labor-la-noun-5HA6ZuxR Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 18 18 22 27 16
  4. illness Tags: declension-3, masculine Synonyms: aegritūdō, morbus, malum, pestis, incommodum, valētūdō, infirmitas
    Sense id: en-labor-la-noun-b08bHJ0l Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 18 18 22 27 16
  5. the pain accompanying childbirth, labor Tags: declension-3, masculine
    Sense id: en-labor-la-noun-saUPN9U7 Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 18 18 22 27 16
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: labōs Derived forms: labōrō, ēlabōrō
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /ˈlaː.bor/ [Classical], [ˈɫ̪äːbɔr] [Classical], /ˈla.bor/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈläːbor] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂b- (“to hang loosely, be weak”), and cognate with labō, English sleep, Proto-Slavic *slàbъ (“weak”). Etymology templates: {{der|la|ine-pro|*(s)leh₂b-||to hang loosely, be weak}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂b- (“to hang loosely, be weak”), {{m|la|labō}} labō, {{cog|en|sleep}} English sleep, {{cog|sla-pro|*slàbъ|t=weak}} Proto-Slavic *slàbъ (“weak”) Head templates: {{la-verb|3|lābor|lāps}} lābor (present infinitive lābī, perfect active lāpsus sum); third conjugation, deponent Inflection templates: {{la-conj|3|lābor|lāps}} Forms: lābor [canonical], lābī [infinitive, present], lāpsus sum [active, perfect], conjugation-3 deponent [table-tags], lābor [active, first-person, indicative, present, singular], lāberis [active, indicative, present, second-person, singular], lābere [active, indicative, present, second-person, singular], lābitur [active, indicative, present, singular, third-person], lābimur [active, first-person, indicative, plural, present], lābiminī [active, indicative, plural, present, second-person], lābuntur [active, indicative, plural, present, third-person], lābēbar [active, first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], lābēbāris [active, imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], lābēbāre [active, imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], lābēbātur [active, imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], lābēbāmur [active, first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], lābēbāminī [active, imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], lābēbantur [active, imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], lābar [active, first-person, future, indicative, singular], lābēris [active, future, indicative, second-person, singular], lābēre [active, future, indicative, second-person, singular], lābētur [active, future, indicative, singular, third-person], lābēmur [active, first-person, future, indicative, plural], lābēminī [active, future, indicative, plural, second-person], lābentur [active, future, indicative, plural, third-person], lāpsus + present active indicative of sum [active, indicative, perfect], lāpsus + imperfect active indicative of sum [active, indicative, pluperfect], lāpsus + future active indicative of sum [active, future, indicative, perfect], lābar [active, first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], lābāris [active, present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], lābāre [active, present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], lābātur [active, present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], lābāmur [active, first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], lābāminī [active, plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], lābantur [active, plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], lāberer [active, first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], lāberēris [active, imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], lāberēre [active, imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], lāberētur [active, imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], lāberēmur [active, first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], lāberēminī [active, imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], lāberentur [active, imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], lāpsus + present active subjunctive of sum [active, perfect, subjunctive], lāpsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum [active, pluperfect, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, present, singular], lābere [active, imperative, present, second-person, singular], - [active, imperative, present, singular, third-person], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural, present], lābiminī [active, imperative, plural, present, second-person], - [active, imperative, plural, present, third-person], - [active, first-person, future, imperative, singular], lābitor [active, future, imperative, second-person, singular], lābitor [active, future, imperative, singular, third-person], - [active, first-person, future, imperative, plural], - [active, future, imperative, plural, second-person], lābuntor [active, future, imperative, plural, third-person], lābī [active, infinitive, present], lāpsum esse [active, infinitive, perfect], lāpsūrum esse [active, future, infinitive], - [infinitive, passive, present], - [infinitive, passive, perfect], - [future, infinitive, passive], lābēns [active, participle, present], lāpsus [active, participle, perfect], lāpsūrus [active, future, participle], - [participle, passive, present], - [participle, passive, perfect], lābendus [future, participle, passive], lābundus [future, participle, passive], lābendī [genitive, gerund, noun-from-verb], lābendō [dative, gerund, noun-from-verb], lābendum [accusative, gerund, noun-from-verb], lābendō [ablative, gerund, noun-from-verb], lāpsum [accusative, noun-from-verb, supine], lāpsū [ablative, noun-from-verb, supine]
  1. to slip, slide, glide Tags: conjugation-3, deponent
    Sense id: en-labor-la-verb-la:slip
  2. to fall, sink down Tags: conjugation-3, deponent
    Sense id: en-labor-la-verb-UoJ4JWpy
  3. to slip, stumble Tags: conjugation-3, deponent
    Sense id: en-labor-la-verb-67JBvtbb
  4. to vanish, pass away, elapse, escape Tags: conjugation-3, deponent
    Sense id: en-labor-la-verb-EjcmRN0p Synonyms: fugiō, effugiō, ēvādō, refugiō, cōnfugiō, diffugiō, aufugiō, prōfugiō, āvolō, ēripiō, ēlābor
  5. to be mistaken, be wrong, err, commit a fault Tags: conjugation-3, deponent Synonyms: dēlinquō, errō, committō, offendō
    Sense id: en-labor-la-verb-la:be_mistaken Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 0 12 11 17 12 2 1 1 12 30
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2 Derived forms: collābor, illābor, interlābor, lapsō, lābilis, lābundus, lābēs, lābīna, lāpsus, relābor, ēlābor

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for labor meaning in Latin (20.7kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "labōrō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ēlabōrō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "llabor"
          },
          "expansion": "Asturian: llabor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Asturian: llabor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "llavor",
            "3": "labor"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: llavor, labor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: llavor, labor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "laboro"
          },
          "expansion": "Esperanto: laboro",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Esperanto: laboro"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "lavôr"
          },
          "expansion": "Friulian: lavôr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Friulian: lavôr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "labor"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: labor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: labor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "io",
            "2": "laboro"
          },
          "expansion": "Ido: laboro",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ido: laboro"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ist",
            "2": "lavur"
          },
          "expansion": "Istriot: lavur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Istriot: lavur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "lavoro"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: lavoro",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: lavoro"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lld",
            "2": "lëur"
          },
          "expansion": "Ladin: lëur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ladin: lëur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "labor",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: labor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: labor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "labor",
            "3": "labour"
          },
          "expansion": "English: labor, labour",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: labor, labour"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "labeur"
          },
          "expansion": "French: labeur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: labeur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "labor",
            "3": "lavor"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: labor, lavor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: labor, lavor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "laboare",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: laboare",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: laboare"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rm",
            "2": "lavur"
          },
          "expansion": "Romansch: lavur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romansch: lavur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "lavuri"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: lavuri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: lavuri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "labor"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: labor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: labor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vec",
            "2": "łavóro",
            "3": "laóro"
          },
          "expansion": "Venetian: łavóro, laóro",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Venetian: łavóro, laóro"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "llafur"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: llafur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: llafur"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-ola",
        "3": "labōs"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Latin labōs",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*lebʰ-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to seize, take"
      },
      "expansion": "*lebʰ- (“to seize, take”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "लभते",
        "3": "",
        "4": "take, gain"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit लभते (labhate, “take, gain”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "lõbis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wealth"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian lõbis (“wealth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "labō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "I totter"
      },
      "expansion": "labō (“I totter”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Latin labōs, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European root *lebʰ- (“to seize, take”), whence Sanskrit लभते (labhate, “take, gain”) and Lithuanian lõbis (“wealth”). More commonly connected with labō (“I totter”) (see Etymology 2 below), but this is rejected by de Vaan, who however provides no alternative. The semantic connection is weak in either case.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "labōris",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōrēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōrī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōrem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōrēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōrēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "labor<3>"
      },
      "expansion": "labor m (genitive labōris); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "labor<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 22 27 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "work"
      ],
      "id": "en-labor-la-noun-la:work",
      "links": [
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "la:work"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 22 27 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "When Numa was king, the produce not responding to the labor,\nprayers were ineffective, the farmer deceived",
          "ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.641–642",
          "roman": "inrita dēceptī vōta colentīs erant",
          "text": "rege Numa, frūctū nōn respondente labōrī,"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "labor, toil, exertion"
      ],
      "id": "en-labor-la-noun-jUnXq~7p",
      "links": [
        [
          "labor",
          "labor#English"
        ],
        [
          "toil",
          "toil"
        ],
        [
          "exertion",
          "exertion"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cōnātus"
        },
        {
          "word": "studium"
        },
        {
          "word": "opus"
        },
        {
          "word": "opera"
        },
        {
          "word": "cūra"
        },
        {
          "word": "mōlīmen"
        },
        {
          "word": "intēnsiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "mōlēs"
        },
        {
          "word": "pulvis"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 22 27 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Incited by the fatigue of the work",
          "ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.28",
          "text": "Labore operis incitati"
        },
        {
          "english": "It was midnight, and by now their fatigue had given the leaders sleep.",
          "ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.384–385",
          "text": "et mediae tempora noctis erant, iam ducibus somnum dederat labor"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hardship, trouble, fatigue, suffering, drudgery, distress"
      ],
      "id": "en-labor-la-noun-5HA6ZuxR",
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "fatigue",
          "fatigue"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "drudgery",
          "drudgery"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly poetic) hardship, trouble, fatigue, suffering, drudgery, distress"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "salūs"
        },
        {
          "word": "valētūdō"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 22 27 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "illness"
      ],
      "id": "en-labor-la-noun-b08bHJ0l",
      "links": [
        [
          "illness",
          "illness"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "aegritūdō"
        },
        {
          "word": "morbus"
        },
        {
          "word": "malum"
        },
        {
          "word": "pestis"
        },
        {
          "word": "incommodum"
        },
        {
          "word": "valētūdō"
        },
        {
          "word": "infirmitas"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 22 27 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the pain accompanying childbirth, labor"
      ],
      "id": "en-labor-la-noun-saUPN9U7",
      "links": [
        [
          "labor",
          "labor#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈla.bor/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɫ̪äbɔr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈla.bor/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈläːbor]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "labōs"
    }
  ],
  "word": "labor"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "collābor"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "illābor"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "interlābor"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lapsō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lābilis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lābundus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lābēs"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lābīna"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lāpsus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "relābor"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ēlābor"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "lapse"
          },
          "expansion": "English: lapse",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: lapse"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)leh₂b-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to hang loosely, be weak"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂b- (“to hang loosely, be weak”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "labō"
      },
      "expansion": "labō",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sleep"
      },
      "expansion": "English sleep",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*slàbъ",
        "t": "weak"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *slàbъ (“weak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂b- (“to hang loosely, be weak”), and cognate with labō, English sleep, Proto-Slavic *slàbъ (“weak”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lābor",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābī",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsus sum",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conjugation-3 deponent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābitur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābimur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābiminī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābuntur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēbar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēbāris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēbāre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēbātur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēbāmur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēbāminī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēbantur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābētur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēmur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēminī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābentur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsus + present active indicative of sum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsus + imperfect active indicative of sum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsus + future active indicative of sum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābāris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābāre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābātur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābāmur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābāminī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābantur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberēris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberēre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberētur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberēmur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberēminī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberentur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsus + present active subjunctive of sum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābiminī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābitor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābitor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābuntor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsum esse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsūrum esse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "passive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "infinitive",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēns",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsūrus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābendus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "participle",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābundus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "participle",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābendī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābendō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābendum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābendō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsū",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "supine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "3",
        "2": "lābor",
        "3": "lāps"
      },
      "expansion": "lābor (present infinitive lābī, perfect active lāpsus sum); third conjugation, deponent",
      "name": "la-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "3",
        "2": "lābor",
        "3": "lāps"
      },
      "name": "la-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to slip, slide, glide"
      ],
      "id": "en-labor-la-verb-la:slip",
      "links": [
        [
          "slip",
          "slip"
        ],
        [
          "slide",
          "slide"
        ],
        [
          "glide",
          "glide"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "la:slip"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjugation-3",
        "deponent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to fall, sink down"
      ],
      "id": "en-labor-la-verb-UoJ4JWpy",
      "links": [
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjugation-3",
        "deponent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to slip, stumble"
      ],
      "id": "en-labor-la-verb-67JBvtbb",
      "links": [
        [
          "slip",
          "slip"
        ],
        [
          "stumble",
          "stumble"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjugation-3",
        "deponent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Times pass away, and with years unnoticed we grow old, and days flee with no bridle holding [them] back.",
          "ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.771–772",
          "roman": "et fugiunt frēnō nōn remorante diēs.",
          "text": "Tempora lābuntur, tacitīsque senēscimus annīs,"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to vanish, pass away, elapse, escape"
      ],
      "id": "en-labor-la-verb-EjcmRN0p",
      "links": [
        [
          "vanish",
          "vanish"
        ],
        [
          "pass",
          "pass"
        ],
        [
          "away",
          "away"
        ],
        [
          "elapse",
          "elapse"
        ],
        [
          "escape",
          "escape"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fugiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "effugiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "ēvādō"
        },
        {
          "word": "refugiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "cōnfugiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "diffugiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "aufugiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "prōfugiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "āvolō"
        },
        {
          "word": "ēripiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "ēlābor"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjugation-3",
        "deponent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 12 11 17 12 2 1 1 12 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be mistaken, be wrong, err, commit a fault"
      ],
      "id": "en-labor-la-verb-la:be_mistaken",
      "links": [
        [
          "be wrong",
          "be wrong"
        ],
        [
          "err",
          "err"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "la:be mistaken"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dēlinquō"
        },
        {
          "word": "errō"
        },
        {
          "word": "committō"
        },
        {
          "word": "offendō"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjugation-3",
        "deponent"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlaː.bor/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɫ̪äːbɔr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈla.bor/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈläːbor]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "labor"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin deponent verbs",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Old Latin",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Latin third conjugation deponent verbs",
    "Latin third conjugation verbs",
    "Latin third declension nouns",
    "Latin verbs",
    "Latin verbs with red links in their inflection tables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "labōrō"
    },
    {
      "word": "ēlabōrō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ast",
            "2": "llabor"
          },
          "expansion": "Asturian: llabor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Asturian: llabor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "llavor",
            "3": "labor"
          },
          "expansion": "Catalan: llavor, labor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Catalan: llavor, labor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "laboro"
          },
          "expansion": "Esperanto: laboro",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Esperanto: laboro"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fur",
            "2": "lavôr"
          },
          "expansion": "Friulian: lavôr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Friulian: lavôr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gl",
            "2": "labor"
          },
          "expansion": "Galician: labor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Galician: labor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "io",
            "2": "laboro"
          },
          "expansion": "Ido: laboro",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ido: laboro"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ist",
            "2": "lavur"
          },
          "expansion": "Istriot: lavur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Istriot: lavur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "lavoro"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: lavoro",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: lavoro"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lld",
            "2": "lëur"
          },
          "expansion": "Ladin: lëur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ladin: lëur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "labor",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old French: labor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old French: labor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "labor",
            "3": "labour"
          },
          "expansion": "English: labor, labour",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: labor, labour"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "labeur"
          },
          "expansion": "French: labeur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: labeur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "labor",
            "3": "lavor"
          },
          "expansion": "Portuguese: labor, lavor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Portuguese: labor, lavor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "laboare",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: laboare",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: laboare"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "rm",
            "2": "lavur"
          },
          "expansion": "Romansch: lavur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Romansch: lavur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scn",
            "2": "lavuri"
          },
          "expansion": "Sicilian: lavuri",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sicilian: lavuri"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "labor"
          },
          "expansion": "Spanish: labor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Spanish: labor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vec",
            "2": "łavóro",
            "3": "laóro"
          },
          "expansion": "Venetian: łavóro, laóro",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Venetian: łavóro, laóro"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "llafur"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: llafur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: llafur"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-ola",
        "3": "labōs"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Latin labōs",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*lebʰ-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to seize, take"
      },
      "expansion": "*lebʰ- (“to seize, take”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "लभते",
        "3": "",
        "4": "take, gain"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit लभते (labhate, “take, gain”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "lõbis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wealth"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian lõbis (“wealth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "labō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "I totter"
      },
      "expansion": "labō (“I totter”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Latin labōs, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European root *lebʰ- (“to seize, take”), whence Sanskrit लभते (labhate, “take, gain”) and Lithuanian lõbis (“wealth”). More commonly connected with labō (“I totter”) (see Etymology 2 below), but this is rejected by de Vaan, who however provides no alternative. The semantic connection is weak in either case.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "labōris",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōrēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōrī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōrem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōrēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōre",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōribus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "labōrēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "labor<3>"
      },
      "expansion": "labor m (genitive labōris); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "labor<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "work"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "la:work"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "When Numa was king, the produce not responding to the labor,\nprayers were ineffective, the farmer deceived",
          "ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.641–642",
          "roman": "inrita dēceptī vōta colentīs erant",
          "text": "rege Numa, frūctū nōn respondente labōrī,"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "labor, toil, exertion"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "labor",
          "labor#English"
        ],
        [
          "toil",
          "toil"
        ],
        [
          "exertion",
          "exertion"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cōnātus"
        },
        {
          "word": "studium"
        },
        {
          "word": "opus"
        },
        {
          "word": "opera"
        },
        {
          "word": "cūra"
        },
        {
          "word": "mōlīmen"
        },
        {
          "word": "intēnsiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "mōlēs"
        },
        {
          "word": "pulvis"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin poetic terms",
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Incited by the fatigue of the work",
          "ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.28",
          "text": "Labore operis incitati"
        },
        {
          "english": "It was midnight, and by now their fatigue had given the leaders sleep.",
          "ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.384–385",
          "text": "et mediae tempora noctis erant, iam ducibus somnum dederat labor"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hardship, trouble, fatigue, suffering, drudgery, distress"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ],
        [
          "fatigue",
          "fatigue"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "drudgery",
          "drudgery"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly poetic) hardship, trouble, fatigue, suffering, drudgery, distress"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine",
        "poetic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "salūs"
        },
        {
          "word": "valētūdō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "illness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "illness",
          "illness"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "aegritūdō"
        },
        {
          "word": "morbus"
        },
        {
          "word": "malum"
        },
        {
          "word": "pestis"
        },
        {
          "word": "incommodum"
        },
        {
          "word": "valētūdō"
        },
        {
          "word": "infirmitas"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the pain accompanying childbirth, labor"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "labor",
          "labor#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈla.bor/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɫ̪äbɔr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈla.bor/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈläːbor]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "labōs"
    }
  ],
  "word": "labor"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin deponent verbs",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin third conjugation deponent verbs",
    "Latin third conjugation verbs",
    "Latin verbs",
    "Latin verbs with red links in their inflection tables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "collābor"
    },
    {
      "word": "illābor"
    },
    {
      "word": "interlābor"
    },
    {
      "word": "lapsō"
    },
    {
      "word": "lābilis"
    },
    {
      "word": "lābundus"
    },
    {
      "word": "lābēs"
    },
    {
      "word": "lābīna"
    },
    {
      "word": "lāpsus"
    },
    {
      "word": "relābor"
    },
    {
      "word": "ēlābor"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "lapse"
          },
          "expansion": "English: lapse",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: lapse"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)leh₂b-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to hang loosely, be weak"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂b- (“to hang loosely, be weak”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "labō"
      },
      "expansion": "labō",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "sleep"
      },
      "expansion": "English sleep",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*slàbъ",
        "t": "weak"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *slàbъ (“weak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₂b- (“to hang loosely, be weak”), and cognate with labō, English sleep, Proto-Slavic *slàbъ (“weak”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lābor",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābī",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsus sum",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conjugation-3 deponent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābitur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābimur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābiminī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābuntur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēbar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēbāris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēbāre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēbātur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēbāmur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēbāminī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēbantur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābētur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēmur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēminī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābentur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsus + present active indicative of sum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsus + imperfect active indicative of sum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsus + future active indicative of sum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābar",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābāris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābāre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābātur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābāmur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābāminī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābantur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberēris",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberēre",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberētur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberēmur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberēminī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāberentur",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsus + present active subjunctive of sum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "perfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābiminī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābitor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābitor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābuntor",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsum esse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "infinitive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsūrum esse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "passive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "infinitive",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābēns",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsūrus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "participle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābendus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "participle",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābundus",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "participle",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābendī",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābendō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābendum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lābendō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "gerund",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lāpsū",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "supine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "3",
        "2": "lābor",
        "3": "lāps"
      },
      "expansion": "lābor (present infinitive lābī, perfect active lāpsus sum); third conjugation, deponent",
      "name": "la-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "3",
        "2": "lābor",
        "3": "lāps"
      },
      "name": "la-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to slip, slide, glide"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "slip",
          "slip"
        ],
        [
          "slide",
          "slide"
        ],
        [
          "glide",
          "glide"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "la:slip"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjugation-3",
        "deponent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to fall, sink down"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fall",
          "fall"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjugation-3",
        "deponent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to slip, stumble"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "slip",
          "slip"
        ],
        [
          "stumble",
          "stumble"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjugation-3",
        "deponent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Times pass away, and with years unnoticed we grow old, and days flee with no bridle holding [them] back.",
          "ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.771–772",
          "roman": "et fugiunt frēnō nōn remorante diēs.",
          "text": "Tempora lābuntur, tacitīsque senēscimus annīs,"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to vanish, pass away, elapse, escape"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vanish",
          "vanish"
        ],
        [
          "pass",
          "pass"
        ],
        [
          "away",
          "away"
        ],
        [
          "elapse",
          "elapse"
        ],
        [
          "escape",
          "escape"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fugiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "effugiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "ēvādō"
        },
        {
          "word": "refugiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "cōnfugiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "diffugiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "aufugiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "prōfugiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "āvolō"
        },
        {
          "word": "ēripiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "ēlābor"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjugation-3",
        "deponent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to be mistaken, be wrong, err, commit a fault"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "be wrong",
          "be wrong"
        ],
        [
          "err",
          "err"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "la:be mistaken"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dēlinquō"
        },
        {
          "word": "errō"
        },
        {
          "word": "committō"
        },
        {
          "word": "offendō"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "conjugation-3",
        "deponent"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlaː.bor/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɫ̪äːbɔr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈla.bor/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈläːbor]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "labor"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.