See 昨日 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 昨日 meaning in Japanese (10.9kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きのう"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kinəpu",
"sort": "きのう"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kinəpu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "き"
},
"expansion": "き (ki)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "けり"
},
"expansion": "けり (keri)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "の"
},
"expansion": "の (no)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "日",
"3": "",
"4": "day",
"tr": "hi"
},
"expansion": "日 (hi, “day”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "今日",
"t": "today",
"tr": "kepu→kyō"
},
"expansion": "今日 (kepu→kyō, “today”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "來",
"t": "to come",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 來 (ku, “to come”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来る",
"tr": "kuru"
},
"expansion": "来る (kuru)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tomorrow"
},
"expansion": "tomorrow",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yesterday"
},
"expansion": "yesterday",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "來",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "來 (ku)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zh",
"3": "昨日",
"nocap": "1",
"sort": "きのう"
},
"expansion": "orthographic borrowing from Chinese 昨日 (zuórì)",
"name": "obor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ki no pu/ → /kinoɸu/ → */kinowu/ → /kinou/ → /kinoː/\nFrom Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kinəpu.\nThe initial ki is unclear, but is likely the same ki element that appears in other words pertaining to the past. This may be related to the now-obsolete auxiliary verb き (ki) indicating the recollective past -- see けり (keri). The middle no appears to be the regular genitive particle の (no). The final pu is an apophonic form of 日 (hi, “day”), also found in 今日 (kepu→kyō, “today”).\nMartin suggests that the initial ki might also be related to Old Japanese 來 (ku, “to come”), modern 来る (kuru), presumably via the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of ki. However, this is problematic both semantically, as \"the coming day\" would presumably refer to tomorrow rather than yesterday; and grammatically, as a verb modifying a noun would be expected to conjugate into the regular attributive form (for 來 (ku) that would be kuru), rather than into the continuative form that then necessitates a particle.\nThe kanji are orthographic borrowing from Chinese 昨日 (zuórì).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "昨日",
"ruby": [
[
"昨日",
"きのう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kinō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kinofu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "きのふ",
"roman": "kinofu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きのう",
"hhira": "きのふ"
},
"expansion": "昨日(きのう) • (kinō) ^(←きのふ (kinofu)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Was it cloudy in Tokyo yesterday?",
"roman": "Kinō, Tōkyō wa kumori deshita ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"昨日",
"きのう"
],
[
"東",
"とう"
],
[
"京",
"きょう"
],
[
"曇",
"くも"
]
],
"text": "昨日、東京は曇りでしたか。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"yesterday"
],
"id": "en-昨日-ja-noun-lSPZ--eb",
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きのー"
},
{
"other": "きのー"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲino̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "昨日"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きのう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "昨日",
"lit": "yesterday + day",
"tr": "dzak nyit"
},
"expansion": "昨日 (dzak nyit, literally “yesterday + day”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 昨日 (dzak nyit, literally “yesterday + day”). Compare modern Cantonese reading zok⁶ jat⁶.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "昨日",
"ruby": [
[
"昨",
"さく"
],
[
"日",
"じつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sakujitsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "さくじつ"
},
"expansion": "昨(さく)日(じつ) • (sakujitsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"yesterday"
],
"id": "en-昨日-ja-noun-lSPZ--eb1",
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "さくじつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sa̠kɯ̟ᵝʑit͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "昨日"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "three days ago",
"roman": "sakiototoi",
"ruby": [
[
"一昨々日",
"さきおととい"
]
],
"word": "一昨々日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "the day before yesterday, two days ago",
"roman": "ototoi",
"ruby": [
[
"一昨日",
"おととい"
]
],
"word": "一昨日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "today",
"roman": "kyō",
"ruby": [
[
"今日",
"きょう"
]
],
"word": "今日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "tomorrow",
"roman": "ashita",
"ruby": [
[
"明日",
"あした"
]
],
"word": "明日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "the day after tomorrow, two days from now",
"roman": "asatte",
"ruby": [
[
"明後日",
"あさって"
]
],
"word": "明後日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "three days from now",
"roman": "shiasatte",
"ruby": [
[
"明々後日",
"しあさって"
]
],
"word": "明々後日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yanoasatte",
"word": "弥の明後日: three days from now"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "four days from now"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "this morning",
"roman": "kesa",
"ruby": [
[
"今朝",
"けさ"
]
],
"word": "今朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "this evening",
"roman": "konban",
"ruby": [
[
"今晩",
"こんばん"
]
],
"word": "今晩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "tonight",
"roman": "kon'ya",
"ruby": [
[
"今夜",
"こんや"
]
],
"word": "今夜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "一昨昨日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "一昨日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "今日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "明日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "明後日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "毎日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "—"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "一昨朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "昨朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "今朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "明朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "毎朝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "晩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "一昨晩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "昨晩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "今晩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "明晩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "毎晩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "週"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "先々週"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "先週"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "今週"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "来週"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "再来週"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "毎週"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "月"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "先々月"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "先月"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "今月"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "来月"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "再来月"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "毎月"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "年"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "一昨昨年"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "一昨年"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "去年"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "今年"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "来年"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "再来年"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "毎年"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きそ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "き"
},
"expansion": "き (ki)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "けり"
},
"expansion": "けり (keri)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "去年",
"2": "こぞ"
},
"expansion": "去年(こぞ) (kozo)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. The initial ki is unclear, but is likely the same ki element that appears in other words pertaining to the past. This may be related to the now-obsolete auxiliary verb き (ki) indicating the recollective past -- see けり (keri). The final so is also unclear, but is probably the same as the final zo in 去年(こぞ) (kozo).\nThis may have been read as kizo in Old Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "昨日",
"ruby": [
[
"昨日",
"きそ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kiso",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きそ"
},
"expansion": "昨日(きそ) • (kiso)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 46 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 73 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 86 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 85 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 63 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 70 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 70 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 10 53 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese words with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 34 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Day",
"orig": "ja:Day",
"parents": [
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 34 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Past",
"orig": "ja:Past",
"parents": [
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"last night"
],
"id": "en-昨日-ja-noun-i2S-nVmX",
"links": [
[
"last night",
"last night"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"yesterday"
],
"id": "en-昨日-ja-noun-lSPZ--eb1",
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʲiso̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "昨日"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese orthographic borrowings from Chinese",
"Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese words with multiple readings",
"ja:Day",
"ja:Past"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きのう"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*kinəpu",
"sort": "きのう"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *kinəpu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "き"
},
"expansion": "き (ki)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "けり"
},
"expansion": "けり (keri)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "の"
},
"expansion": "の (no)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "日",
"3": "",
"4": "day",
"tr": "hi"
},
"expansion": "日 (hi, “day”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "今日",
"t": "today",
"tr": "kepu→kyō"
},
"expansion": "今日 (kepu→kyō, “today”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "來",
"t": "to come",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 來 (ku, “to come”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "来る",
"tr": "kuru"
},
"expansion": "来る (kuru)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "連用形",
"3": "",
"4": "continuative or stem form",
"tr": "ren'yōkei"
},
"expansion": "連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tomorrow"
},
"expansion": "tomorrow",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yesterday"
},
"expansion": "yesterday",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "來",
"tr": "ku"
},
"expansion": "來 (ku)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "zh",
"3": "昨日",
"nocap": "1",
"sort": "きのう"
},
"expansion": "orthographic borrowing from Chinese 昨日 (zuórì)",
"name": "obor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/ki no pu/ → /kinoɸu/ → */kinowu/ → /kinou/ → /kinoː/\nFrom Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kinəpu.\nThe initial ki is unclear, but is likely the same ki element that appears in other words pertaining to the past. This may be related to the now-obsolete auxiliary verb き (ki) indicating the recollective past -- see けり (keri). The middle no appears to be the regular genitive particle の (no). The final pu is an apophonic form of 日 (hi, “day”), also found in 今日 (kepu→kyō, “today”).\nMartin suggests that the initial ki might also be related to Old Japanese 來 (ku, “to come”), modern 来る (kuru), presumably via the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of ki. However, this is problematic both semantically, as \"the coming day\" would presumably refer to tomorrow rather than yesterday; and grammatically, as a verb modifying a noun would be expected to conjugate into the regular attributive form (for 來 (ku) that would be kuru), rather than into the continuative form that then necessitates a particle.\nThe kanji are orthographic borrowing from Chinese 昨日 (zuórì).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "昨日",
"ruby": [
[
"昨日",
"きのう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kinō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "kinofu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "きのふ",
"roman": "kinofu",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きのう",
"hhira": "きのふ"
},
"expansion": "昨日(きのう) • (kinō) ^(←きのふ (kinofu)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Was it cloudy in Tokyo yesterday?",
"roman": "Kinō, Tōkyō wa kumori deshita ka.",
"ruby": [
[
"昨日",
"きのう"
],
[
"東",
"とう"
],
[
"京",
"きょう"
],
[
"曇",
"くも"
]
],
"text": "昨日、東京は曇りでしたか。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"yesterday"
],
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "きのー"
},
{
"other": "きのー"
},
{
"ipa": "[kʲino̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "昨日"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese words with multiple readings",
"ja:Day",
"ja:Past"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きのう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "昨日",
"lit": "yesterday + day",
"tr": "dzak nyit"
},
"expansion": "昨日 (dzak nyit, literally “yesterday + day”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 昨日 (dzak nyit, literally “yesterday + day”). Compare modern Cantonese reading zok⁶ jat⁶.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "昨日",
"ruby": [
[
"昨",
"さく"
],
[
"日",
"じつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sakujitsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "さくじつ"
},
"expansion": "昨(さく)日(じつ) • (sakujitsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"yesterday"
],
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "さくじつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[sa̠kɯ̟ᵝʑit͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "昨日"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese words with multiple readings",
"ja:Day",
"ja:Past"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "three days ago",
"roman": "sakiototoi",
"ruby": [
[
"一昨々日",
"さきおととい"
]
],
"word": "一昨々日"
},
{
"english": "the day before yesterday, two days ago",
"roman": "ototoi",
"ruby": [
[
"一昨日",
"おととい"
]
],
"word": "一昨日"
},
{
"english": "today",
"roman": "kyō",
"ruby": [
[
"今日",
"きょう"
]
],
"word": "今日"
},
{
"english": "tomorrow",
"roman": "ashita",
"ruby": [
[
"明日",
"あした"
]
],
"word": "明日"
},
{
"english": "the day after tomorrow, two days from now",
"roman": "asatte",
"ruby": [
[
"明後日",
"あさって"
]
],
"word": "明後日"
},
{
"english": "three days from now",
"roman": "shiasatte",
"ruby": [
[
"明々後日",
"しあさって"
]
],
"word": "明々後日"
},
{
"roman": "yanoasatte",
"word": "弥の明後日: three days from now"
},
{
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "four days from now"
},
{
"english": "this morning",
"roman": "kesa",
"ruby": [
[
"今朝",
"けさ"
]
],
"word": "今朝"
},
{
"english": "this evening",
"roman": "konban",
"ruby": [
[
"今晩",
"こんばん"
]
],
"word": "今晩"
},
{
"english": "tonight",
"roman": "kon'ya",
"ruby": [
[
"今夜",
"こんや"
]
],
"word": "今夜"
},
{
"word": "日"
},
{
"word": "一昨昨日"
},
{
"word": "一昨日"
},
{
"word": "今日"
},
{
"word": "明日"
},
{
"word": "明後日"
},
{
"word": "毎日"
},
{
"word": "朝"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "一昨朝"
},
{
"word": "昨朝"
},
{
"word": "今朝"
},
{
"word": "明朝"
},
{
"word": "毎朝"
},
{
"word": "晩"
},
{
"word": "一昨晩"
},
{
"word": "昨晩"
},
{
"word": "今晩"
},
{
"word": "明晩"
},
{
"word": "毎晩"
},
{
"word": "週"
},
{
"word": "先々週"
},
{
"word": "先週"
},
{
"word": "今週"
},
{
"word": "来週"
},
{
"word": "再来週"
},
{
"word": "毎週"
},
{
"word": "月"
},
{
"word": "先々月"
},
{
"word": "先月"
},
{
"word": "今月"
},
{
"word": "来月"
},
{
"word": "再来月"
},
{
"word": "毎月"
},
{
"word": "年"
},
{
"word": "一昨昨年"
},
{
"word": "一昨年"
},
{
"word": "去年"
},
{
"word": "今年"
},
{
"word": "来年"
},
{
"word": "再来年"
},
{
"word": "毎年"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "きそ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "き"
},
"expansion": "き (ki)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "けり"
},
"expansion": "けり (keri)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "去年",
"2": "こぞ"
},
"expansion": "去年(こぞ) (kozo)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese. The initial ki is unclear, but is likely the same ki element that appears in other words pertaining to the past. This may be related to the now-obsolete auxiliary verb き (ki) indicating the recollective past -- see けり (keri). The final so is also unclear, but is probably the same as the final zo in 去年(こぞ) (kozo).\nThis may have been read as kizo in Old Japanese.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "昨日",
"ruby": [
[
"昨日",
"きそ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kiso",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "きそ"
},
"expansion": "昨日(きそ) • (kiso)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"last night"
],
"links": [
[
"last night",
"last night"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"yesterday"
],
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʲiso̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:大辞林",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "昨日"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"昨日"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "昨日",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"昨日"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "昨日",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"昨日"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "昨日",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"昨日"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "昨日",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.