"re-" meaning in English

See re- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Prefix

IPA: /ɹiː/, /ɹɪ/, /ɹə/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-re- (1).wav , LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-re- (2).wav , LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-re- (3).wav
Etymology: From Middle English re-, from Old French re-, from Latin re-, red- (“back; anew; again; against”), of uncertain origin but conjectured by Watkins to be from Proto-Indo-European *wret-, a metathetic alteration of *wert- (“to turn”). Displaced native English ed-, eft-, a-, with-/wither-, gain-/again-. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*wert-}}, {{inh|en|enm|re-}} Middle English re-, {{der|en|fro|re-}} Old French re-, {{der|en|la|re-}} Latin re-, {{m|la|red-||back; anew; again; against}} red- (“back; anew; again; against”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*wret-}} Proto-Indo-European *wret-, {{m|ine-pro|*wert-||to turn}} *wert- (“to turn”), {{l|ang|eft-}} eft-, {{l|en|gain-}} gain-, {{l|en|again-}} again- Head templates: {{head|en|prefix|head=|sort=}} re-, {{en-prefix}} re-
  1. again, anew Tags: morpheme Synonyms (again): ana-, palin- Translations (again): վերա- (vera-) (Armenian), yenidən (Azerbaijani), re- (Catalan), 重- (-chóng) (Chinese Mandarin), 再- (zài-) (Chinese Mandarin), yañıdan (Crimean Tatar), pře- (Czech), znovu- (Czech), gen- (Danish), her- (Dutch), weer- (Dutch), weder- (Dutch), re- (Esperanto), jälleen- (Finnish), uudestaan (Finnish), r- (French), re- (French), ré- (French), re- (Galician), ხელახლა (xelaxla) (Georgian), განმეორებით (ganmeorebit) (Georgian), კვლავ (ḳvlav) (Georgian), რე- (re-) (Georgian), re- (German), wieder- (German), zurück- (German), ανα- (ana-) (Greek), επανα- (epana-) (Greek), ξανα- (xana-) (Greek), 𒀀𒀊𒉺 (a-ap-pa) (Hittite), újra- (Hungarian), újjá- (Hungarian), endur- (Icelandic), ri- (Ido), re- (Interlingua), a- (Irish), ath- (Irish), re- (Italian), ri- (Italian), 再- (sai-) (Japanese), -直す (-naosu) (Japanese), -返す (-kaesu) (Japanese), វិញ (vɨñ) (Khmer), (jae) (Korean), (jae-) (Korean), 𒀀𒀊𒉺 (a-ap-pa) (Luwian), പുനഃ- (punaḥ-) (Malayalam), re- (Middle French), èr- (Norman), re- (Norman), ve- (Northern Kurdish), gjen- (Norwegian), re- (Occitan), ed- (Old English), aġēn (Old English), re- (Old French), باز- (bâz-) (Persian), od- (Polish), prze- (Polish), re- (Portuguese), re- (Romanian), пере- (pere-) (Russian), воз- (voz-) (Russian), вос- (voz-) (Russian), ре- (re-) (Russian), पुनः- (punaḥ-) (Sanskrit), ath- [lenition] (Scottish Gaelic), re- (Spanish), åter- (Swedish), re- (Swedish), om- (Swedish), yeniden (Turkish), tekrar (Turkish), пере- (pere-) (Ukrainian), воз- (voz-) (Ukrainian), ре- (re-) (Ukrainian), від- (vid-) (Ukrainian), lại (Vietnamese), ri- (Walloon), er- (Walloon), r- (Walloon), ail- (Welsh), eil- (Welsh), ad- (Welsh), at- (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-re--en-prefix-AAqFBIDx Categories (other): English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 46 22 32 Disambiguation of English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 52 19 29 Disambiguation of 'again': 97 0 3 Disambiguation of 'again': 97 0 3
  2. a completive or intensification of the base; up, a-, out Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-re--en-prefix-63mgycyr
  3. back, backward Tags: morpheme Synonyms (back): with-
    Sense id: en-re--en-prefix-G-oekIxw Disambiguation of 'back': 0 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: again, re, repeat

Download JSON data for re- meaning in English (12.4kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wert-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "re-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English re-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "re-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French re-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "re-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin re-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "red-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "back; anew; again; against"
      },
      "expansion": "red- (“back; anew; again; against”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wret-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wret-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*wert-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "*wert- (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "eft-"
      },
      "expansion": "eft-",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gain-"
      },
      "expansion": "gain-",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "again-"
      },
      "expansion": "again-",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English re-, from Old French re-, from Latin re-, red- (“back; anew; again; against”), of uncertain origin but conjectured by Watkins to be from Proto-Indo-European *wret-, a metathetic alteration of *wert- (“to turn”). Displaced native English ed-, eft-, a-, with-/wither-, gain-/again-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "re-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "re-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "again"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "re"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "repeat"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 22 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 19 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "renew, recommit, reheat"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "again, anew"
      ],
      "id": "en-re--en-prefix-AAqFBIDx",
      "links": [
        [
          "again",
          "again"
        ],
        [
          "anew",
          "anew"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ana-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "palin-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "vera-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "վերա-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "yenidən"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "-chóng",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "重-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zài-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "再-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "crh",
          "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "yañıdan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "pře-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "znovu-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "gen-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "her-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "weer-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "weder-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "jälleen-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "uudestaan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "r-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ré-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "frm",
          "lang": "Middle French",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "fro",
          "lang": "Old French",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "xelaxla",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ხელახლა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ganmeorebit",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "განმეორებით"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ḳvlav",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "კვლავ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "re-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "რე-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "wieder-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "zurück-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ana-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ανα-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "epana-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "επανα-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "xana-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ξανα-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "hit",
          "lang": "Hittite",
          "roman": "a-ap-pa",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "𒀀𒀊𒉺"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "újra-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "újjá-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "endur-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ri-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "a-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ath-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ri-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "sai-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "再-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "-naosu",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "-直す"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "-kaesu",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "-返す"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "vɨñ",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "វិញ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "jae",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "재"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "jae-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "재"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ve-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "xlu",
          "lang": "Luwian",
          "roman": "a-ap-pa",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "𒀀𒀊𒉺"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ml",
          "lang": "Malayalam",
          "roman": "punaḥ-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "പുനഃ-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "èr-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "gjen-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ed-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "aġēn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "bâz-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "باز-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "od-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "prze-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pere-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "пере-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "voz-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "воз-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "voz-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "вос-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "re-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ре-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "punaḥ-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "पुनः-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "again",
          "tags": [
            "lenition"
          ],
          "word": "ath-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "åter-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "re-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "om-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "yeniden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "tekrar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "pere-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "пере-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "voz-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "воз-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "re-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ре-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "vid-",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "від-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "lại"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ri-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "er-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "r-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ail-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "eil-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "ad-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 0 3",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "again",
          "word": "at-"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "reletter, relead, rebronze (examples from: )"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a completive or intensification of the base; up, a-, out"
      ],
      "id": "en-re--en-prefix-63mgycyr",
      "links": [
        [
          "completive",
          "completive"
        ],
        [
          "up",
          "up"
        ],
        [
          "a-",
          "a-"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "reject, reply, resist"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "back, backward"
      ],
      "id": "en-re--en-prefix-G-oekIxw",
      "links": [
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ],
        [
          "backward",
          "backward"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 100",
          "sense": "back",
          "word": "with-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹiː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹɪ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹə/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ɹiː/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ɹɪ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ɹə/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-re- (1).wav",
      "audio-ipa": "/ɹiː/",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%281%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%281%29.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%281%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%281%29.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-re- (2).wav",
      "audio-ipa": "/ɹɪ/",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%282%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%282%29.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%282%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%282%29.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-re- (3).wav",
      "audio-ipa": "/ɹə/",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%283%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%283%29.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%283%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%283%29.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "re-"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English prefixes",
    "English productive prefixes",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wert-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "re-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English re-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "re-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French re-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "re-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin re-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "red-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "back; anew; again; against"
      },
      "expansion": "red- (“back; anew; again; against”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wret-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wret-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*wert-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "*wert- (“to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "eft-"
      },
      "expansion": "eft-",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gain-"
      },
      "expansion": "gain-",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "again-"
      },
      "expansion": "again-",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English re-, from Old French re-, from Latin re-, red- (“back; anew; again; against”), of uncertain origin but conjectured by Watkins to be from Proto-Indo-European *wret-, a metathetic alteration of *wert- (“to turn”). Displaced native English ed-, eft-, a-, with-/wither-, gain-/again-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "re-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "re-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "again"
    },
    {
      "word": "re"
    },
    {
      "word": "repeat"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "renew, recommit, reheat"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "again, anew"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "again",
          "again"
        ],
        [
          "anew",
          "anew"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "reletter, relead, rebronze (examples from: )"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a completive or intensification of the base; up, a-, out"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "completive",
          "completive"
        ],
        [
          "up",
          "up"
        ],
        [
          "a-",
          "a-"
        ],
        [
          "out",
          "out"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "reject, reply, resist"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "back, backward"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ],
        [
          "backward",
          "backward"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹiː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹɪ/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹə/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ɹiː/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ɹɪ/"
    },
    {
      "other": "/ɹə/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-re- (1).wav",
      "audio-ipa": "/ɹiː/",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%281%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%281%29.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%281%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%281%29.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-re- (2).wav",
      "audio-ipa": "/ɹɪ/",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%282%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%282%29.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/38/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%282%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%282%29.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-re- (3).wav",
      "audio-ipa": "/ɹə/",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%283%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%283%29.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%283%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Persent101-re-_%283%29.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ana-"
    },
    {
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "palin-"
    },
    {
      "sense": "back",
      "word": "with-"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "vera-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "վերա-"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "yenidən"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "-chóng",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "重-"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zài-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "再-"
    },
    {
      "code": "crh",
      "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "yañıdan"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "pře-"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "znovu-"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "gen-"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "her-"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "weer-"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "weder-"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "jälleen-"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "uudestaan"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "r-"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ré-"
    },
    {
      "code": "frm",
      "lang": "Middle French",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "fro",
      "lang": "Old French",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "xelaxla",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ხელახლა"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ganmeorebit",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "განმეორებით"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ḳvlav",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "კვლავ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "re-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "რე-"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "wieder-"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "zurück-"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ana-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ανα-"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "epana-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "επανα-"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "xana-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ξανα-"
    },
    {
      "code": "hit",
      "lang": "Hittite",
      "roman": "a-ap-pa",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "𒀀𒀊𒉺"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "újra-"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "újjá-"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "endur-"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ri-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "a-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ath-"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ri-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "sai-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "再-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "-naosu",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "-直す"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "-kaesu",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "-返す"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "vɨñ",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "វិញ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "jae",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "재"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "jae-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "재"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ve-"
    },
    {
      "code": "xlu",
      "lang": "Luwian",
      "roman": "a-ap-pa",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "𒀀𒀊𒉺"
    },
    {
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "punaḥ-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "പുനഃ-"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "èr-"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "gjen-"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ed-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "aġēn"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "bâz-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "باز-"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "od-"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "prze-"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pere-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "пере-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "voz-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "воз-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "voz-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "вос-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "re-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ре-"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "punaḥ-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "पुनः-"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "again",
      "tags": [
        "lenition"
      ],
      "word": "ath-"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "åter-"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "re-"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "om-"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "yeniden"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "tekrar"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "pere-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "пере-"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "voz-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "воз-"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "re-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ре-"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "vid-",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "від-"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "lại"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ri-"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "er-"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "r-"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ail-"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "eil-"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "ad-"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "again",
      "word": "at-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "re-"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (ee658f9 and be4df6b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.