See graft in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for graft meaning in English (45.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "anti-graft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bone graft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "graft-versus-host"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "graft-versus-host disease"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "skin graft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "whip graft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "white graft"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "graffe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English graffe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "greffe",
"4": "",
"5": "stylus"
},
"expansion": "Old French greffe (“stylus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "graphium",
"4": "",
"5": "stylus"
},
"expansion": "Latin graphium (“stylus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "γραφείον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γραφείον (grapheíon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γράφειν",
"3": "",
"4": "to write"
},
"expansion": "γράφειν (gráphein, “to write”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "carve"
},
"expansion": "English carve",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "graphium"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of graphium",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "graphic"
},
"expansion": "graphic",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grammar"
},
"expansion": "grammar",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English graffe, from Old French greffe (“stylus”), from Latin graphium (“stylus”), from Ancient Greek γραφείον (grapheíon), from γράφειν (gráphein, “to write”); probably akin to English carve. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Doublet of graphium. Compare graphic, grammar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grafts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "graft (countable and uncountable, plural grafts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-noun-fbS9iIK-",
"links": [
[
"shoot",
"shoot"
],
[
"scion",
"scion"
],
[
"stock",
"stock"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"nourish",
"nourish"
],
[
"unite",
"unite"
],
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "xaa",
"lang": "Andalusian Arabic",
"roman": "qurra",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "قرة"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kolom",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "কলম"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kalem",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "калем"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prisad",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "присад"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empelt"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiēzhī",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "接枝"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roub"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ent"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "varte"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "greffon"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "greffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puga"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esgallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enxerto"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pfropfreis"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "bóli",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μπόλι"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "oltóág"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "oltóvessző"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "cangkok"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "setek"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "enten"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beangán"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trapianto"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clāvula"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Praff"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ente"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "greffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pode"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pode"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empèut"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ensèrt"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enxerto"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "altoi"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "privój",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "приво́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка̀лем"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kàlem"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štep"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "injerto"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empelte"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "ymp"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "stickling"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 6 11",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "aşı"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-noun-0XeqlktZ",
"links": [
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empelt"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ent"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"word": "varte"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "greffon"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enxerto"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"word": "oltvány"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"word": "hasil pencangkokan"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beangán"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ente"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "greffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empèut"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ensèrt"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enxerto"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "privój",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "приво́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štep"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "injerto"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 84 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"word": "ymp"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Surgery",
"orig": "en:Surgery",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 8 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 13 4 4 3 4 7 2 1 0 6 13 4 4 8 4 2 5 7 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-noun-GRxOI2-9",
"links": [
[
"surgery",
"surgery"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
],
[
"autoplasty",
"autoplasty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(surgery, countable) A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences",
"surgery"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empelt"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "cim",
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bröol"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "transplantaat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"word": "siirre"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"word": "siirrännäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "greffon"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enxerto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Transplantat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"word": "átültetett szövet"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trapianto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "insertio"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "insitum"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "greffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ensèrt"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empèut"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "transplant"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enxerto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"word": "grefon"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "transplantát",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "транспланта́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "трансплантат"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "transplantat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "injerto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"word": "transplantat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 92",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"word": "yama"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːft/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæft/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːft"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æft"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-graft.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg/En-au-graft.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "graff"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:graft"
],
"word": "graft"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "graft the forked tree"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "graffe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English graffe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "greffe",
"4": "",
"5": "stylus"
},
"expansion": "Old French greffe (“stylus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "graphium",
"4": "",
"5": "stylus"
},
"expansion": "Latin graphium (“stylus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "γραφείον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γραφείον (grapheíon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γράφειν",
"3": "",
"4": "to write"
},
"expansion": "γράφειν (gráphein, “to write”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "carve"
},
"expansion": "English carve",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "graphium"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of graphium",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "graphic"
},
"expansion": "graphic",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grammar"
},
"expansion": "grammar",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English graffe, from Old French greffe (“stylus”), from Latin graphium (“stylus”), from Ancient Greek γραφείον (grapheíon), from γράφειν (gráphein, “to write”); probably akin to English carve. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Doublet of graphium. Compare graphic, grammar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grafts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grafting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grafted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grafted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graft (third-person singular simple present grafts, present participle grafting, simple past and past participle grafted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-verb-2SUjLc3q",
"links": [
[
"insert",
"insert"
],
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"propagate",
"propagate"
],
[
"insertion",
"insertion"
],
[
"stock",
"stock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "shartoj"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patvastel",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "պատվաստել"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prisaždam",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "присаждам"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ašladisvam",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "ашладисвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "empeltar"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "roubovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "enten"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "varttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "enxertar"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "pfropfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "emvoliázo",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "εμβολιάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "innestare"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsugu",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "接ぐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "pode"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "pode"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "pote"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "empeutar"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "ensertar"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "impian"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "peyvand zadan",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "پیوند زدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "enté"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "zaszczepiać"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "szczepić"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "enxertar"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "altoi"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "privivátʹ",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "привива́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "privítʹ",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "приви́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ка̀лемити"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "нака̀лемити"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "kàlemiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "nakàlemiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "zaštepiť"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "injertar"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "ympa"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "aṇṭukaṭṭu",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "అంటుకట్టు"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 27 7 8 2 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "aşılamak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To insert scions (grafts) from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-verb-lf4vJaT3",
"links": [
[
"scion",
"scion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To insert scions (grafts) from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "26 55 6 2 4 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "enten"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 55 6 2 4 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "varttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 55 6 2 4 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "enxertar"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 55 6 2 4 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "pfropfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 55 6 2 4 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "olt"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 55 6 2 4 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "innestare"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 55 6 2 4 7",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "pode"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 55 6 2 4 7",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "pode"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 55 6 2 4 7",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "pote"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 55 6 2 4 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "enxertar"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 55 6 2 4 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "ympa"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 55 6 2 4 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "aşılamak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Surgery",
"orig": "en:Surgery",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-verb-IoYV-8LQ",
"links": [
[
"surgery",
"surgery"
],
[
"implant",
"implant"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"flesh",
"flesh"
],
[
"lesion",
"lesion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, surgery) To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences",
"surgery"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 8 52 7 4 20",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "empeltar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 8 52 7 4 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "transplanteren"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 8 52 7 4 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "tehdä elinsiirto"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 8 52 7 4 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "transplantieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 8 52 7 4 20",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "ensertar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 8 52 7 4 20",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "empeutar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 8 52 7 4 20",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "transplantar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 8 52 7 4 20",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "peyvand zadan",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "پیوند زدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 8 52 7 4 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "enxertar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 8 52 7 4 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "implantírovatʹ",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "импланти́ровать"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 8 52 7 4 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "injertar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 8 52 7 4 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "transplantera"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1717, Alexander Pope, Eloisa to Abelard.",
"text": "And graft my love immortal on thy fame!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012 March 30, Joe Levy, “Rockers at Sea”, in The New York Times",
"text": "Of course, this was a music cruise, a floating rock festival grafted onto a passenger ship, and a quietly thriving corner of the music and cruise industries.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-verb-fOGG2L1B",
"links": [
[
"join",
"join"
],
[
"union",
"union"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 16 6 59 11 5",
"sense": "to join as if by grafting",
"word": "affix"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 16 6 59 11 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to join as if by grafting",
"word": "enten"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 16 6 59 11 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to join as if by grafting",
"word": "liittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 16 6 59 11 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to join as if by grafting",
"word": "ensertar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 16 6 59 11 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to join as if by grafting",
"word": "empeutar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 16 6 59 11 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to join as if by grafting",
"word": "enxertar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope yarns."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-verb-7MPV6Y06",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"bolt",
"bolt"
],
[
"block",
"block"
],
[
"strap",
"strap"
],
[
"splicing",
"splicing"
],
[
"weaving",
"weaving"
],
[
"cord",
"cord"
],
[
"rope yarn",
"rope yarn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, nautical) To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope yarns."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "en:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To form a graft polymer"
],
"id": "en-graft-en-verb-9zZiP9si",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"graft polymer",
"graft polymer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) To form a graft polymer"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 2 4 0 2 89",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form a graft polymer",
"word": "oksastaa"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːft/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæft/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːft"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æft"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-graft.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg/En-au-graft.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "graff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "attach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "put together"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "imp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "join"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:graft"
],
"word": "graft"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "grafting tool"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "graft",
"t": "canal"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch graft (“canal”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "graven",
"t": "dig"
},
"expansion": "graven (“dig”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "grǫft",
"t": "the action of digging"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grǫft (“the action of digging”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch graft (“canal”), from graven (“dig”). The contemporary senses “depth of digging blade” and “narrow spade” may have a separate history, but this is uncertain. Compare Old Norse grǫft (“the action of digging”). Attested from the 17th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grafts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graft (plural grafts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A ditch, a canal."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-noun-u-Qyo-m1",
"links": [
[
"ditch",
"ditch"
],
[
"canal",
"canal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A ditch, a canal."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1798 [1792], Memoirs of Science and the Arts, Transactions of the Society instituted at London for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, page 117",
"text": "[…] in the first operation, we dug through the peat, the hard sand, and gravel, and one spade's graft (about nine inches deep, and seven inches wide) into the quick sand, the whole length of this drain,[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The depth of the blade of a digging tool such as a spade or shovel."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-noun-N4jJH3Cl"
},
{
"glosses": [
"A narrow spade used in digging drainage trenches."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-noun-D1KfUICP"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːft/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæft/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːft"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æft"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-graft.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg/En-au-graft.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "graff"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:graft"
],
"word": "graft"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "excrescence"
},
"expansion": "excrescence",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Some lexicographers suggest an extended use of Etymology 2, above, expanding from “digging” to work more generally, and from there to dishonest work. Others, however, suggest an extension from Etymology 1, shifting from “a shoot or scion” to the notion of corruption through the idea of excrescence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grafts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "graft (countable and uncountable, plural grafts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 4 2 2 1 37 11 2 1 0 13 0 0 2 2 2 1 1 5 0 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Corruption",
"orig": "en:Corruption",
"parents": [
"Crime",
"Politics",
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Corruption in official life."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-noun-QKlNkR0Y",
"links": [
[
"Corruption",
"corruption"
],
[
"official",
"official"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Corruption in official life."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 5 0 0 0 3 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kašaṙakerutʿyun",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"word": "կաշառակերություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 0 0 0 3 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podkup",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подкуп"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 0 0 0 3 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corruptie"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 0 0 0 3 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"word": "mädännäisyys"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 0 0 0 3 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corruption"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 0 0 0 3 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corrupcion"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 0 0 0 3 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vzjatočničestvo",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "взяточничество"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 0 0 0 3 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podkup",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "подкуп"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Illicit profit by corrupt means, especially in public life."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-noun-Qig5Fn0c",
"links": [
[
"Illicit",
"illicit"
],
[
"profit",
"profit"
],
[
"corrupt",
"corrupt"
],
[
"means",
"means"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Illicit profit by corrupt means, especially in public life."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 87 1 1 1 3 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "illicit profit by corrupt means, especially in public life",
"word": "voiteluraha"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A criminal’s special branch of practice."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-noun-QxHhXjRU",
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, slang) A criminal’s special branch of practice."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 3 87 1 0 4 3 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "criminal's special branch of practice",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "métier"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 87 1 0 4 3 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "criminal's special branch of practice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "branche"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 87 1 0 4 3 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "criminal's special branch of practice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "specialiteit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 87 1 0 4 3 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "criminal's special branch of practice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "branca"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 87 1 0 4 3 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "criminal's special branch of practice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rama"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 87 1 0 4 3 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mošénničestvo",
"sense": "criminal's special branch of practice",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "моше́нничество"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A con job."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-noun-mpZnArBb",
"links": [
[
"con",
"con#Etymology 4"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A con job."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 2 1 89 0 1 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "con job",
"word": "huijaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 1 89 0 1 1 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "con job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "golpe"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A cut of the take (money)."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-noun-PdevRfX4",
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"take",
"take"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, slang) A cut of the take (money)."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 3 6 2 58 5 16 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: cut of the take",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "aandeel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 6 2 58 5 16 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: cut of the take",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "deel"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 6 2 58 5 16 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: cut of the take",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "portie"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 6 2 58 5 16 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: cut of the take",
"word": "siivu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 3 6 2 58 5 16 8",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "slang: cut of the take",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podiel"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "en:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1910, O.R. Miller, The Reform Bulletin",
"text": "If policemen take graft now from the liquor dealers for the privilege of keeping open on Sunday, what is to prevent them, if this bill is passed, from taking graft from the liquor men for the privilege of selling liquor before 1 p.m. on Sunday[…]?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bribe, especially on an ongoing basis."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-noun-YAsVWlPI",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"bribe",
"bribe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, US, politics) A bribe, especially on an ongoing basis."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 9 4 2 0 71 4 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podkup",
"sense": "bribe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подкуп"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 4 2 0 71 4 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "bribe",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "smeergeld"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 4 2 0 71 4 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bribe",
"word": "voiteluraha"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 4 2 0 71 4 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "bribe",
"word": "utu whakapati"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 4 2 0 71 4 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bribe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suborno"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 9 4 2 0 71 4 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "bribe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "úplatok"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 13 4 4 3 4 7 2 1 0 6 13 4 4 8 4 2 5 7 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We had to put in a lot of hard graft to get the job done.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2022 August 16, Pippa Crerar, quoting Liz Truss, “Leaked audio reveals Liz Truss said British workers needed ‘more graft’”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Liz Truss, now the Tory leadership frontrunner, launched an astonishing broadside against British workers, saying they needed “more graft” and suggesting they lacked the “skill and application” of foreign rivals, the Guardian can reveal.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Work; labor requiring effort."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-noun-kfNr6plY",
"links": [
[
"Work",
"work"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, Britain, colloquial) Work; labor requiring effort."
],
"tags": [
"Britain",
"colloquial",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 36 2 3 0 3 50 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "labeur"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 36 2 3 0 3 50 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hard work",
"word": "raataminen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 36 2 3 0 3 50 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hard work",
"word": "whakarīrā"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A job or trade."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-noun-vaFl1~-0",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, Britain, colloquial) A job or trade."
],
"tags": [
"Britain",
"colloquial",
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːft/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæft/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːft"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æft"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-graft.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg/En-au-graft.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "graff"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:graft"
],
"word": "graft"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "grifter",
"word": "grafter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "grift"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "excrescence"
},
"expansion": "excrescence",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Some lexicographers suggest an extended use of Etymology 2, above, expanding from “digging” to work more generally, and from there to dishonest work. Others, however, suggest an extension from Etymology 1, shifting from “a shoot or scion” to the notion of corruption through the idea of excrescence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grafts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grafting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grafted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grafted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graft (third-person singular simple present grafts, present participle grafting, simple past and past participle grafted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To work hard."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-verb-pGMnsqru",
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, intransitive) To work hard."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To obtain illegal gain from bribery or similar corrupt practices."
],
"id": "en-graft-en-verb-hzHx2Z7A",
"links": [
[
"gain",
"gain"
],
[
"bribery",
"bribery"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːft/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæft/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːft"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æft"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-graft.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg/En-au-graft.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "graff"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:graft"
],
"word": "graft"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Rhymes:English/æft",
"Rhymes:English/æft/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːft",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːft/1 syllable",
"en:Corruption"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "anti-graft"
},
{
"word": "bone graft"
},
{
"word": "graft-versus-host"
},
{
"word": "graft-versus-host disease"
},
{
"word": "skin graft"
},
{
"word": "whip graft"
},
{
"word": "white graft"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "graffe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English graffe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "greffe",
"4": "",
"5": "stylus"
},
"expansion": "Old French greffe (“stylus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "graphium",
"4": "",
"5": "stylus"
},
"expansion": "Latin graphium (“stylus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "γραφείον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γραφείον (grapheíon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γράφειν",
"3": "",
"4": "to write"
},
"expansion": "γράφειν (gráphein, “to write”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "carve"
},
"expansion": "English carve",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "graphium"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of graphium",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "graphic"
},
"expansion": "graphic",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grammar"
},
"expansion": "grammar",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English graffe, from Old French greffe (“stylus”), from Latin graphium (“stylus”), from Ancient Greek γραφείον (grapheíon), from γράφειν (gráphein, “to write”); probably akin to English carve. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Doublet of graphium. Compare graphic, grammar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grafts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "graft (countable and uncountable, plural grafts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit."
],
"links": [
[
"shoot",
"shoot"
],
[
"scion",
"scion"
],
[
"stock",
"stock"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"nourish",
"nourish"
],
[
"unite",
"unite"
],
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot."
],
"links": [
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"en:Surgery"
],
"glosses": [
"A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty."
],
"links": [
[
"surgery",
"surgery"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
],
[
"autoplasty",
"autoplasty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(surgery, countable) A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences",
"surgery"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːft/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæft/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːft"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æft"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-graft.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg/En-au-graft.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "graff"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "xaa",
"lang": "Andalusian Arabic",
"roman": "qurra",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "قرة"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "kolom",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "কলম"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kalem",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "калем"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prisad",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "присад"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empelt"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiēzhī",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "接枝"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "roub"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ent"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "varte"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "greffon"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "greffe"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puga"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "esgallo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enxerto"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pfropfreis"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "bóli",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μπόλι"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "oltóág"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "oltóvessző"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "cangkok"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "setek"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "enten"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beangán"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trapianto"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clāvula"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Praff"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ente"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "greffe"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pode"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pode"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empèut"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ensèrt"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enxerto"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "altoi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "privój",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "приво́й"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка̀лем"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kàlem"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štep"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "injerto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empelte"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "ymp"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "stickling"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "small shoot or scion",
"word": "aşı"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empelt"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ent"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"word": "varte"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "greffon"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enxerto"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"word": "oltvány"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"word": "hasil pencangkokan"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beangán"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ente"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "greffe"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empèut"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ensèrt"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enxerto"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "privój",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "приво́й"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štep"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "injerto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot",
"word": "ymp"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empelt"
},
{
"code": "cim",
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bröol"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "transplantaat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"word": "siirre"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"word": "siirrännäinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "greffon"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enxerto"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Transplantat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"word": "átültetett szövet"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "trapianto"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "insertio"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "insitum"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"feminine"
],
"word": "greffe"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ensèrt"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empèut"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "transplant"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enxerto"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"word": "grefon"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "transplantát",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "транспланта́т"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "трансплантат"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "transplantat"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "injerto"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"word": "transplantat"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty",
"word": "yama"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:graft"
],
"word": "graft"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Rhymes:English/æft",
"Rhymes:English/æft/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːft",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːft/1 syllable",
"en:Corruption"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "graft the forked tree"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "graffe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English graffe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "greffe",
"4": "",
"5": "stylus"
},
"expansion": "Old French greffe (“stylus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "graphium",
"4": "",
"5": "stylus"
},
"expansion": "Latin graphium (“stylus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "γραφείον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γραφείον (grapheíon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γράφειν",
"3": "",
"4": "to write"
},
"expansion": "γράφειν (gráphein, “to write”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "carve"
},
"expansion": "English carve",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "graphium"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of graphium",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "graphic"
},
"expansion": "graphic",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grammar"
},
"expansion": "grammar",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English graffe, from Old French greffe (“stylus”), from Latin graphium (“stylus”), from Ancient Greek γραφείον (grapheíon), from γράφειν (gráphein, “to write”); probably akin to English carve. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Doublet of graphium. Compare graphic, grammar.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grafts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grafting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grafted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grafted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graft (third-person singular simple present grafts, present participle grafting, simple past and past participle grafted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon."
],
"links": [
[
"insert",
"insert"
],
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"propagate",
"propagate"
],
[
"insertion",
"insertion"
],
[
"stock",
"stock"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also, to insert a graft upon."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To insert scions (grafts) from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting."
],
"links": [
[
"scion",
"scion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To insert scions (grafts) from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Surgery"
],
"glosses": [
"To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union."
],
"links": [
[
"surgery",
"surgery"
],
[
"implant",
"implant"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"flesh",
"flesh"
],
[
"lesion",
"lesion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, surgery) To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences",
"surgery"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1717, Alexander Pope, Eloisa to Abelard.",
"text": "And graft my love immortal on thy fame!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012 March 30, Joe Levy, “Rockers at Sea”, in The New York Times",
"text": "Of course, this was a music cruise, a floating rock festival grafted onto a passenger ship, and a quietly thriving corner of the music and cruise industries.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union."
],
"links": [
[
"join",
"join"
],
[
"union",
"union"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope yarns."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"bolt",
"bolt"
],
[
"block",
"block"
],
[
"strap",
"strap"
],
[
"splicing",
"splicing"
],
[
"weaving",
"weaving"
],
[
"cord",
"cord"
],
[
"rope yarn",
"rope yarn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, nautical) To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope yarns."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"To form a graft polymer"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"graft polymer",
"graft polymer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) To form a graft polymer"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːft/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæft/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːft"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æft"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-graft.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg/En-au-graft.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "to join as if by grafting",
"word": "affix"
},
{
"word": "attach"
},
{
"word": "put together"
},
{
"word": "unite"
},
{
"word": "imp"
},
{
"word": "join"
},
{
"word": "graff"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "shartoj"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patvastel",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "պատվաստել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prisaždam",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "присаждам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ašladisvam",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "ашладисвам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "empeltar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "roubovat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "enten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "varttaa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "enxertar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "pfropfen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "emvoliázo",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "εμβολιάζω"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "innestare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tsugu",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "接ぐ"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "pode"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "pode"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "pote"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "empeutar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "ensertar"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "impian"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "peyvand zadan",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "پیوند زدن"
},
{
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "enté"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "zaszczepiać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "szczepić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "enxertar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "altoi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "privivátʹ",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "привива́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "privítʹ",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "приви́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ка̀лемити"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "нака̀лемити"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "kàlemiti"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "nakàlemiti"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "zaštepiť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "injertar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "ympa"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "aṇṭukaṭṭu",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "అంటుకట్టు"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to insert a graft in another tree",
"word": "aşılamak"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "empeltar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "transplanteren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "tehdä elinsiirto"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "transplantieren"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "ensertar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "empeutar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "transplantar"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "peyvand zadan",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "پیوند زدن"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "enxertar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "implantírovatʹ",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "импланти́ровать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "injertar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to implant to form an organic union",
"word": "transplantera"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to join as if by grafting",
"word": "enten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to join as if by grafting",
"word": "liittää"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to join as if by grafting",
"word": "ensertar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to join as if by grafting",
"word": "empeutar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to join as if by grafting",
"word": "enxertar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "enten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "varttaa"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "enxertar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "pfropfen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "olt"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "innestare"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "pode"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "pode"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "pote"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "enxertar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "ympa"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to insert scions",
"word": "aşılamak"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to form a graft polymer",
"word": "oksastaa"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:graft"
],
"word": "graft"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æft",
"Rhymes:English/æft/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːft",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːft/1 syllable",
"en:Corruption"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "grafting tool"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "graft",
"t": "canal"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch graft (“canal”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "graven",
"t": "dig"
},
"expansion": "graven (“dig”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "grǫft",
"t": "the action of digging"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse grǫft (“the action of digging”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch graft (“canal”), from graven (“dig”). The contemporary senses “depth of digging blade” and “narrow spade” may have a separate history, but this is uncertain. Compare Old Norse grǫft (“the action of digging”). Attested from the 17th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grafts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graft (plural grafts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A ditch, a canal."
],
"links": [
[
"ditch",
"ditch"
],
[
"canal",
"canal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A ditch, a canal."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1798 [1792], Memoirs of Science and the Arts, Transactions of the Society instituted at London for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, page 117",
"text": "[…] in the first operation, we dug through the peat, the hard sand, and gravel, and one spade's graft (about nine inches deep, and seven inches wide) into the quick sand, the whole length of this drain,[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The depth of the blade of a digging tool such as a spade or shovel."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A narrow spade used in digging drainage trenches."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːft/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæft/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːft"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æft"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-graft.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg/En-au-graft.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "graff"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:graft"
],
"word": "graft"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æft",
"Rhymes:English/æft/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːft",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːft/1 syllable",
"en:Corruption"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "excrescence"
},
"expansion": "excrescence",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Some lexicographers suggest an extended use of Etymology 2, above, expanding from “digging” to work more generally, and from there to dishonest work. Others, however, suggest an extension from Etymology 1, shifting from “a shoot or scion” to the notion of corruption through the idea of excrescence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grafts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "graft (countable and uncountable, plural grafts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Corruption in official life."
],
"links": [
[
"Corruption",
"corruption"
],
[
"official",
"official"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Corruption in official life."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Illicit profit by corrupt means, especially in public life."
],
"links": [
[
"Illicit",
"illicit"
],
[
"profit",
"profit"
],
[
"corrupt",
"corrupt"
],
[
"means",
"means"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Illicit profit by corrupt means, especially in public life."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A criminal’s special branch of practice."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, slang) A criminal’s special branch of practice."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A con job."
],
"links": [
[
"con",
"con#Etymology 4"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A con job."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"A cut of the take (money)."
],
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"take",
"take"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, slang) A cut of the take (money)."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Politics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1910, O.R. Miller, The Reform Bulletin",
"text": "If policemen take graft now from the liquor dealers for the privilege of keeping open on Sunday, what is to prevent them, if this bill is passed, from taking graft from the liquor men for the privilege of selling liquor before 1 p.m. on Sunday[…]?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bribe, especially on an ongoing basis."
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"bribe",
"bribe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, US, politics) A bribe, especially on an ongoing basis."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English colloquialisms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We had to put in a lot of hard graft to get the job done.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2022 August 16, Pippa Crerar, quoting Liz Truss, “Leaked audio reveals Liz Truss said British workers needed ‘more graft’”, in The Guardian",
"text": "Liz Truss, now the Tory leadership frontrunner, launched an astonishing broadside against British workers, saying they needed “more graft” and suggesting they lacked the “skill and application” of foreign rivals, the Guardian can reveal.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Work; labor requiring effort."
],
"links": [
[
"Work",
"work"
],
[
"labor",
"labor"
],
[
"effort",
"effort"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, Britain, colloquial) Work; labor requiring effort."
],
"tags": [
"Britain",
"colloquial",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English colloquialisms",
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"A job or trade."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, Britain, colloquial) A job or trade."
],
"tags": [
"Britain",
"colloquial",
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːft/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæft/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːft"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æft"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-graft.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg/En-au-graft.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "graff"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kašaṙakerutʿyun",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"word": "կաշառակերություն"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podkup",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подкуп"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corruptie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"word": "mädännäisyys"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corruption"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "corrupcion"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vzjatočničestvo",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "взяточничество"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podkup",
"sense": "corruption in official life",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "подкуп"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "illicit profit by corrupt means, especially in public life",
"word": "voiteluraha"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "criminal's special branch of practice",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "métier"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "criminal's special branch of practice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "branche"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "criminal's special branch of practice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "specialiteit"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "criminal's special branch of practice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "branca"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "criminal's special branch of practice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rama"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mošénničestvo",
"sense": "criminal's special branch of practice",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "моше́нничество"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "con job",
"word": "huijaus"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "con job",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "golpe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: cut of the take",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "aandeel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: cut of the take",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "deel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "slang: cut of the take",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "portie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "slang: cut of the take",
"word": "siivu"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "slang: cut of the take",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podiel"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podkup",
"sense": "bribe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подкуп"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "bribe",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "smeergeld"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "bribe",
"word": "voiteluraha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "bribe",
"word": "utu whakapati"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "bribe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "suborno"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "bribe",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "úplatok"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hard work",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "labeur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hard work",
"word": "raataminen"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hard work",
"word": "whakarīrā"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:graft"
],
"word": "graft"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æft",
"Rhymes:English/æft/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːft",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːft/1 syllable",
"en:Corruption"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "grifter",
"word": "grafter"
},
{
"word": "grift"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "excrescence"
},
"expansion": "excrescence",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Some lexicographers suggest an extended use of Etymology 2, above, expanding from “digging” to work more generally, and from there to dishonest work. Others, however, suggest an extension from Etymology 1, shifting from “a shoot or scion” to the notion of corruption through the idea of excrescence.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "grafts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "grafting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "grafted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "grafted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graft (third-person singular simple present grafts, present participle grafting, simple past and past participle grafted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms",
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To work hard."
],
"links": [
[
"work",
"work"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, intransitive) To work hard."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To obtain illegal gain from bribery or similar corrupt practices."
],
"links": [
[
"gain",
"gain"
],
[
"bribery",
"bribery"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːft/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæft/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːft"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æft"
},
{
"audio": "En-au-graft.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg/En-au-graft.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/En-au-graft.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "graff"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:graft"
],
"word": "graft"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Italian: __IGNORE__ (1), trapianto (it) m",
"path": [
"graft"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "graft",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.