See crusade in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for crusade meaning in English (23.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crusade bull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crusader"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "croisade"
},
"expansion": "French croisade",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1760"
},
"expansion": "c. 1760",
"name": "circa"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "croisade"
},
"expansion": "Middle French croisade",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cruzada"
},
"expansion": "Spanish cruzada",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "crozada"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan crozada",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "cruciāta"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin cruciāta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cruciātus",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "cruciātus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cruciātus",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "cruciātus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crucesignatus",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "crucesignatus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "crozada"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan crozada",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cruciāta"
},
"expansion": "cruciāta",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French croisade, introduced in English (in the French spelling) by 1575. The modern spelling emerges c. 1760,. Middle French croisade is introduced in the 15th century, based on Spanish cruzada (late 14th century) and Old Occitan crozada (early 13th century), both reflecting Medieval Latin cruciāta, cruxiata, the feminine singular of the adjective cruciātus used as an abstract noun.\nAdjectival cruciātus originally meant \"tormented; crucified\", but from the 12th century crucesignatus was also used for \"marked with a cross; making the sign of the cross\" and eventually \"taking the cross\" in the sense of \"going on a crusade\".\nOld Occitan crozada is used in the sense \"[the Albigensian] crusade\" in the Song of the Albigensian crusade, written c. 1213. From vernacular usage, Middle Latin cruciāta also comes to be used in the sense \"crusade\" from about 1270.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crusades",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crusade (plural crusades)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cross"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crucial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crucifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crucifixion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crucify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "excruciate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "excruciation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 12 11 3 24 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 17 10 14 19 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Historical events",
"orig": "en:Historical events",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "During the crusades, many Muslims and Christians and Jews were slaughtered.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of the Papally-endorsed military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Latin Europe in the 11th to 13th centuries to reconquer the Levant from the Muslims, as well as expeditions along the Baltic Sea and against the Cathars."
],
"id": "en-crusade-en-noun-UnHvCjCC",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Any of the Papally-endorsed military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Latin Europe in the 11th to 13th centuries to reconquer the Levant from the Muslims, as well as expeditions along the Baltic Sea and against the Cathars."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "kruistog"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kryqëzatë"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥamla ṣalībiyya",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "حَمْلَة صَلِيبِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xačʿakracʿ aršavankʿ",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "խաչակրաց արշավանք"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xačʿakrutʿyun",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "խաչակրություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "axm",
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"roman": "basač",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "բասաճ"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kryžóvy paxód",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крыжо́вы пахо́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎstonósen póhod",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кръстоно́сен по́ход"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croada"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "křížová výprava"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kruciáta"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "korstog"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kruistocht"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kruisvaart"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "krucmilito"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"topics": [
"war",
"politics",
"government"
],
"word": "ristisõda"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "et",
"english": "campaign",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "ristiretk"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "ristiretki"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croisade"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruzada"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ǯvarosnoba",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "ჯვაროსნობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ǯvarosnuli laškroba",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "ჯვაროსნული ლაშქრობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kreuzzug"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "masá tslav",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מַסַּע צְלָב"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "keresztes hadjárat"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krossferð"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "krucomilito"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crociata"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sipjagun",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "십자군"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sipjagunjeonjaeng",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "십자군전쟁"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krstonosna vojna",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "крстоносна војна"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "korstog"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosada"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krucjata"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wyprawa krzyżowa"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruzada"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruciadă"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krestóvyj poxód",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кресто́вый похо́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "крижарски рат"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "крижарска војна"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "крсташки рат"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "križarski rat"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "križarska vojna"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "krstaški rat"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "križiacka výprava"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "križarska vojna"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruzada"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "korståg"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Haçlı Seferleri"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 19 9 9 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "xrestóvyj poxíd",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хресто́вий похі́д"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 11 17 10 14 19 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Historical events",
"orig": "en:Historical events",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 29 7 4 15 15 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "War",
"orig": "en:War",
"parents": [
"Conflict",
"Military",
"Violence",
"Human behaviour",
"Society",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any war instigated and blessed by the Church for alleged religious ends, (especially) papal-sanctioned military campaigns against infidels or heretics."
],
"id": "en-crusade-en-noun-qa~fv9ph"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 11 17 10 14 19 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Historical events",
"orig": "en:Historical events",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a crusade against drug abuse",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grand concerted effort toward some purportedly worthy cause."
],
"id": "en-crusade-en-noun-0bhUpbjF",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) A grand concerted effort toward some purportedly worthy cause."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "kruistog"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kryqëzatë"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥarb ṣalībiyya",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "حَرْب صَلِيبِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kryžóvy paxód",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крыжо́вы пахо́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎstonósen póhod",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кръстоно́сен по́ход"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croada"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "十字軍"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shízìjūn",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "十字军"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "křížová výprava"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "korstog"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kruistocht"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "krucmilito"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "ristiretki"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croisade"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kreuzzug"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Feldzug"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stavroforía",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σταυροφορία"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "hadjárat"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "kampány"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crociata"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"alt": "じゅうじぐん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jūjigun",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "十字軍"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"alt": "十字軍",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sipjagun",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "십자군"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "krusta karš"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "krusadi"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "kruċjati"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "korstog"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krossferd"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "krosstog"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "korstog"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krucjata"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruzada"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "cruciadă"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krestóvyj poxód",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кресто́вый похо́д"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "križiacka výprava"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruzada"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "korståg"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "mücadele"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 2 71 20 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "xrestóvyj poxíd",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хресто́вий похі́д"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "en:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Protestantism",
"orig": "en:Protestantism",
"parents": [
"Christianity",
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1994, Richard Nixon, “America Beyond Peace”, in Beyond Peace, New York: Random House, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 239",
"text": "The same period that has seen social and political crusades increasingly replace religious messages in the pulpits has seen a sharp 35 percent decline in membership of the mainline Protestant denominations associated with the National Council of Churches.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mass gathering in a political campaign or during a religious revival effort."
],
"id": "en-crusade-en-noun-j~na3rSF",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"Protestantism",
"Protestantism"
],
[
"political",
"political"
],
[
"campaign",
"campaign"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"revival",
"revival"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics, Protestantism, dated) A mass gathering in a political campaign or during a religious revival effort."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity",
"Protestantism",
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 11 17 10 14 19 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Historical events",
"orig": "en:Historical events",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Portuguese coin; a crusado."
],
"id": "en-crusade-en-noun-e3t6Rl4S",
"links": [
[
"Portuguese",
"Portuguese"
],
[
"coin",
"coin"
],
[
"crusado",
"crusado"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A Portuguese coin; a crusado."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "13 9 14 16 21 15 13",
"sense": "medieval history",
"word": "Crusade"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹuːˈseɪd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪd"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-crusade.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/En-us-crusade.ogg/En-us-crusade.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/En-us-crusade.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "crusade"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "croisade"
},
"expansion": "French croisade",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1760"
},
"expansion": "c. 1760",
"name": "circa"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "frm",
"3": "croisade"
},
"expansion": "Middle French croisade",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cruzada"
},
"expansion": "Spanish cruzada",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "crozada"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan crozada",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "cruciāta"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin cruciāta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cruciātus",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "cruciātus",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cruciātus",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "cruciātus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crucesignatus",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "crucesignatus",
"name": "m"
},
{
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"1": "pro",
"2": "crozada"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan crozada",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cruciāta"
},
"expansion": "cruciāta",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French croisade, introduced in English (in the French spelling) by 1575. The modern spelling emerges c. 1760,. Middle French croisade is introduced in the 15th century, based on Spanish cruzada (late 14th century) and Old Occitan crozada (early 13th century), both reflecting Medieval Latin cruciāta, cruxiata, the feminine singular of the adjective cruciātus used as an abstract noun.\nAdjectival cruciātus originally meant \"tormented; crucified\", but from the 12th century crucesignatus was also used for \"marked with a cross; making the sign of the cross\" and eventually \"taking the cross\" in the sense of \"going on a crusade\".\nOld Occitan crozada is used in the sense \"[the Albigensian] crusade\" in the Song of the Albigensian crusade, written c. 1213. From vernacular usage, Middle Latin cruciāta also comes to be used in the sense \"crusade\" from about 1270.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crusades",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crusading",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crusaded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crusaded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crusade (third-person singular simple present crusades, present participle crusading, simple past and past participle crusaded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "holy war"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jihad"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 11 17 10 14 19 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Historical events",
"orig": "en:Historical events",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To go on a military crusade."
],
"id": "en-crusade-en-verb-79TiR1of",
"links": [
[
"crusade",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To go on a military crusade."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 11 17 10 14 19 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Historical events",
"orig": "en:Historical events",
"parents": [
"History",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He crusaded against similar injustices for the rest of his life.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a grand concerted effort toward some purportedly worthy cause."
],
"id": "en-crusade-en-verb-iriKzthr",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make a grand concerted effort toward some purportedly worthy cause."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a grand concerted effort",
"word": "olla ristiretkellä"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a grand concerted effort",
"word": "taistella"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a grand concerted effort",
"word": "kampanjoida"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 95",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make a grand concerted effort",
"word": "mücadele etmek"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹuːˈseɪd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪd"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-crusade.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/En-us-crusade.ogg/En-us-crusade.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/En-us-crusade.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "crusade"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪd",
"Rhymes:English/eɪd/2 syllables",
"en:Historical events",
"en:War"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "crusade bull"
},
{
"word": "crusader"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "croisade"
},
"expansion": "French croisade",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1760"
},
"expansion": "c. 1760",
"name": "circa"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "frm",
"3": "croisade"
},
"expansion": "Middle French croisade",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cruzada"
},
"expansion": "Spanish cruzada",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "crozada"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan crozada",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "cruciāta"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin cruciāta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cruciātus",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "cruciātus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cruciātus",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "cruciātus",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crucesignatus",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "crucesignatus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "crozada"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan crozada",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cruciāta"
},
"expansion": "cruciāta",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French croisade, introduced in English (in the French spelling) by 1575. The modern spelling emerges c. 1760,. Middle French croisade is introduced in the 15th century, based on Spanish cruzada (late 14th century) and Old Occitan crozada (early 13th century), both reflecting Medieval Latin cruciāta, cruxiata, the feminine singular of the adjective cruciātus used as an abstract noun.\nAdjectival cruciātus originally meant \"tormented; crucified\", but from the 12th century crucesignatus was also used for \"marked with a cross; making the sign of the cross\" and eventually \"taking the cross\" in the sense of \"going on a crusade\".\nOld Occitan crozada is used in the sense \"[the Albigensian] crusade\" in the Song of the Albigensian crusade, written c. 1213. From vernacular usage, Middle Latin cruciāta also comes to be used in the sense \"crusade\" from about 1270.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crusades",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crusade (plural crusades)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cross"
},
{
"word": "crucial"
},
{
"word": "crucifer"
},
{
"word": "crucifixion"
},
{
"word": "crucify"
},
{
"word": "excruciate"
},
{
"word": "excruciation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "During the crusades, many Muslims and Christians and Jews were slaughtered.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of the Papally-endorsed military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Latin Europe in the 11th to 13th centuries to reconquer the Levant from the Muslims, as well as expeditions along the Baltic Sea and against the Cathars."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Any of the Papally-endorsed military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Latin Europe in the 11th to 13th centuries to reconquer the Levant from the Muslims, as well as expeditions along the Baltic Sea and against the Cathars."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any war instigated and blessed by the Church for alleged religious ends, (especially) papal-sanctioned military campaigns against infidels or heretics."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a crusade against drug abuse",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grand concerted effort toward some purportedly worthy cause."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) A grand concerted effort toward some purportedly worthy cause."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Politics",
"en:Protestantism"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1994, Richard Nixon, “America Beyond Peace”, in Beyond Peace, New York: Random House, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 239",
"text": "The same period that has seen social and political crusades increasingly replace religious messages in the pulpits has seen a sharp 35 percent decline in membership of the mainline Protestant denominations associated with the National Council of Churches.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mass gathering in a political campaign or during a religious revival effort."
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"Protestantism",
"Protestantism"
],
[
"political",
"political"
],
[
"campaign",
"campaign"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
],
[
"revival",
"revival"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics, Protestantism, dated) A mass gathering in a political campaign or during a religious revival effort."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity",
"Protestantism",
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A Portuguese coin; a crusado."
],
"links": [
[
"Portuguese",
"Portuguese"
],
[
"coin",
"coin"
],
[
"crusado",
"crusado"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A Portuguese coin; a crusado."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹuːˈseɪd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪd"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-crusade.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/En-us-crusade.ogg/En-us-crusade.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/En-us-crusade.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "medieval history",
"word": "Crusade"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "kruistog"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kryqëzatë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥamla ṣalībiyya",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "حَمْلَة صَلِيبِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xačʿakracʿ aršavankʿ",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "խաչակրաց արշավանք"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xačʿakrutʿyun",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "խաչակրություն"
},
{
"code": "axm",
"lang": "Middle Armenian",
"roman": "basač",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "բասաճ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kryžóvy paxód",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крыжо́вы пахо́д"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎstonósen póhod",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кръстоно́сен по́ход"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croada"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "křížová výprava"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kruciáta"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "korstog"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kruistocht"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kruisvaart"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "krucmilito"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"topics": [
"war",
"politics",
"government"
],
"word": "ristisõda"
},
{
"code": "et",
"english": "campaign",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "ristiretk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "ristiretki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croisade"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruzada"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ǯvarosnoba",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "ჯვაროსნობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ǯvarosnuli laškroba",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "ჯვაროსნული ლაშქრობა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kreuzzug"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "masá tslav",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מַסַּע צְלָב"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "keresztes hadjárat"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krossferð"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "krucomilito"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crociata"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sipjagun",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "십자군"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sipjagunjeonjaeng",
"sense": "military expedition",
"word": "십자군전쟁"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "krstonosna vojna",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "крстоносна војна"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "korstog"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosada"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krucjata"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wyprawa krzyżowa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruzada"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruciadă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krestóvyj poxód",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кресто́вый похо́д"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "крижарски рат"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "крижарска војна"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "крсташки рат"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "križarski rat"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "križarska vojna"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "krstaški rat"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "križiacka výprava"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "križarska vojna"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruzada"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "korståg"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Haçlı Seferleri"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "xrestóvyj poxíd",
"sense": "military expedition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хресто́вий похі́д"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "kruistog"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kryqëzatë"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥarb ṣalībiyya",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "حَرْب صَلِيبِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kryžóvy paxód",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крыжо́вы пахо́д"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎstonósen póhod",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кръстоно́сен по́ход"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croada"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "十字軍"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shízìjūn",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "十字军"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "křížová výprava"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "korstog"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kruistocht"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "krucmilito"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "ristiretki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "croisade"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kreuzzug"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Feldzug"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stavroforía",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σταυροφορία"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "hadjárat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "kampány"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crociata"
},
{
"alt": "じゅうじぐん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jūjigun",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "十字軍"
},
{
"alt": "十字軍",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sipjagun",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "십자군"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "krusta karš"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "krusadi"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "kruċjati"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "korstog"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krossferd"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "krosstog"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "korstog"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "krucjata"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruzada"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "cruciadă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krestóvyj poxód",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кресто́вый похо́д"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "križiacka výprava"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cruzada"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "korståg"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"word": "mücadele"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "xrestóvyj poxíd",
"sense": "grand concerted effort",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хресто́вий похі́д"
}
],
"word": "crusade"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪd",
"Rhymes:English/eɪd/2 syllables",
"en:Historical events",
"en:War"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "croisade"
},
"expansion": "French croisade",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1760"
},
"expansion": "c. 1760",
"name": "circa"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "croisade"
},
"expansion": "Middle French croisade",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cruzada"
},
"expansion": "Spanish cruzada",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "crozada"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan crozada",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "cruciāta"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin cruciāta",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cruciātus",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "cruciātus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cruciātus",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "cruciātus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crucesignatus",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "crucesignatus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "crozada"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan crozada",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cruciāta"
},
"expansion": "cruciāta",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French croisade, introduced in English (in the French spelling) by 1575. The modern spelling emerges c. 1760,. Middle French croisade is introduced in the 15th century, based on Spanish cruzada (late 14th century) and Old Occitan crozada (early 13th century), both reflecting Medieval Latin cruciāta, cruxiata, the feminine singular of the adjective cruciātus used as an abstract noun.\nAdjectival cruciātus originally meant \"tormented; crucified\", but from the 12th century crucesignatus was also used for \"marked with a cross; making the sign of the cross\" and eventually \"taking the cross\" in the sense of \"going on a crusade\".\nOld Occitan crozada is used in the sense \"[the Albigensian] crusade\" in the Song of the Albigensian crusade, written c. 1213. From vernacular usage, Middle Latin cruciāta also comes to be used in the sense \"crusade\" from about 1270.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crusades",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crusading",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crusaded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crusaded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "crusade (third-person singular simple present crusades, present participle crusading, simple past and past participle crusaded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "holy war"
},
{
"word": "jihad"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To go on a military crusade."
],
"links": [
[
"crusade",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To go on a military crusade."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He crusaded against similar injustices for the rest of his life.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a grand concerted effort toward some purportedly worthy cause."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To make a grand concerted effort toward some purportedly worthy cause."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹuːˈseɪd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪd"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-crusade.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/En-us-crusade.ogg/En-us-crusade.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/En-us-crusade.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "medieval history",
"word": "Crusade"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a grand concerted effort",
"word": "olla ristiretkellä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a grand concerted effort",
"word": "taistella"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a grand concerted effort",
"word": "kampanjoida"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make a grand concerted effort",
"word": "mücadele etmek"
}
],
"word": "crusade"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.