"jihad" meaning in English

See jihad in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /d͡ʒɪˈhæd/, /d͡ʒɪˈhɑːd/, /d͡ʒəˈhɑːd/, /ˈd͡ʒiːhɑːd/ [nonstandard], /ˈd͡ʒiːhæd/ [nonstandard] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-jihad.wav [Southern-England] Forms: jihad Wikiquote [canonical], jihads [plural]
enPR: jĭ-hăd' [nonstandard], jē'-häd [nonstandard] Rhymes: -æd, -ɑːd Etymology: From Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|ar|جِهَاد||struggle; effort}} Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”), {{root|en|ar|ج ه د}} Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} jihad (countable and uncountable, plural jihads)
  1. (Islam) A holy war undertaken by Muslims. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Islam Translations (holy war undertaken by Muslims): xhihat [masculine] (Albanian), جِهَاد (jihād) [masculine] (Arabic), ջիհադ (ǰihad) (Armenian), cihad (Azerbaijani), йыһат (yıhat) (Bashkir), jihad (Basque), джыха́д (džyxád) [masculine] (Belarusian), জিহাদ (jihad) (Bengali), джиха́д (džihád) [masculine] (Bulgarian), jihad [masculine] (Catalan), гӏазот (ğazot) (Chechen), 聖戰 (Chinese Cantonese), 聖戰 (Chinese Mandarin), 吉哈德 (jíhādé) (Chinese Mandarin), džihád [masculine] (Czech), jihad [common-gender] (Danish), jihad [masculine] (Dutch), ĝihado (Esperanto), džihaad (Estonian), jihad (Finnish), pyhä sota (Finnish), jihad (French), djihad [masculine] (French), ჯიჰადი (ǯihadi) (Georgian), Dschihad [masculine] (German), Djihad [masculine] (German), Jihad [masculine, rare] (German), τζιχάντ (tzichánt) [feminine, neuter] (Greek), જિહાદ (jihād) [masculine] (Gujarati), jihadi (Hausa), גִּ׳יהַאד (jihad) [masculine] (Hebrew), जिहाद (jihād) [masculine] (Hindi), जिहाद् (jihād) [masculine] (Hindi), dzsihád (Hungarian), jihad (Icelandic), jihad (Indonesian), jihad (Interlingua), jiohád [masculine] (Irish), jihad [feminine] (Italian), ジハード (jihādo) (Japanese), жиһад (jihad) (Kazakh), 지하드 (jihadeu) (Korean), жикат (jikat) (Kyrgyz), džihāds [masculine] (Latvian), džihadas [masculine] (Lithuanian), џихад (džihad) [masculine] (Macedonian), jihad (Malay), जिहाद (jihād) [masculine] (Marathi), cîhad [feminine] (Northern Kurdish), jihad [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), جهاد (jihād) [masculine] (Pashto), جِهاد (jehâd) (Persian), dżihad [masculine] (Polish), jihad [feminine] (Portuguese), ਜਿਹਾਦ (jihād) (Punjabi), jihad [neuter] (Romanian), джиха́д (džixád) [masculine] (Russian), ђѝха̄д [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), џѝха̄д [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), đìhād [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), džìhād [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), ජිහාඩ් (jihāḍ) (Sinhalese), džihád [masculine] (Slovak), džihad [masculine] (Slovene), yihad [masculine] (Spanish), jihadi (Swahili), jihad [common-gender] (Swedish), jihad (Tagalog), ҷиҳод (jihod) (Tajik), җиһад (cihad) (Tatar), ญิฮาด (yí-hâat) (Thai), cihat (Turkish), jihad (Turkmen), джиха́д (džyxád) [masculine] (Ukrainian), جِہاد (jihād) [masculine] (Urdu), جىھاد (jihad) (Uyghur), jihod (Uzbek)
    Sense id: en-jihad-en-noun-PVso53V4 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 71 15 7 7 Topics: Islam, lifestyle, religion Disambiguation of 'holy war undertaken by Muslims': 95 3 2
  2. An aggressive campaign for an idea. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (aggressive campaign): ristiretki (Finnish), pyhä sota (Finnish), जिहाद (jihād) [masculine] (Hindi), जिहाद् (jihād) [masculine] (Hindi), mücadele (Turkish), savaşım (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-jihad-en-noun-aCt7slSc Disambiguation of 'aggressive campaign': 20 74 7
  3. (Islam, theology) A personal spiritual struggle for self-improvement and/or against evil. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Islam, Theology Translations (personal spiritual struggle): kilvoittelu (Finnish), जिहाद (jihād) [masculine] (Hindi), जिहाद् (jihād) [masculine] (Hindi), dżihad [masculine] (Polish), jihad [common-gender] (Swedish), mücadele (Turkish), savaşım (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-jihad-en-noun-mHtaCpjI Topics: Islam, lifestyle, religion, theology Disambiguation of 'personal spiritual struggle': 6 5 89
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: jehad Related terms: mujahid

Verb

IPA: /d͡ʒɪˈhæd/, /d͡ʒɪˈhɑːd/, /d͡ʒəˈhɑːd/, /ˈd͡ʒiːhɑːd/ [nonstandard], /ˈd͡ʒiːhæd/ [nonstandard] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-jihad.wav [Southern-England] Forms: jihads [present, singular, third-person], jihading [participle, present], jihaded [participle, past], jihaded [past]
enPR: jĭ-hăd' [nonstandard], jē'-häd [nonstandard] Rhymes: -æd, -ɑːd Etymology: From Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”). Etymology templates: {{bor|en|ar|جِهَاد||struggle; effort}} Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”), {{root|en|ar|ج ه د}} Head templates: {{en-verb}} jihad (third-person singular simple present jihads, present participle jihading, simple past and past participle jihaded)
  1. To participate in a jihad. Related terms: crusade, holy war, infidel
    Sense id: en-jihad-en-verb-x~xMJKgL
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: jehad

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for jihad meaning in English (19.2kB)

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      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
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  "etymology_text": "From Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”).",
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      "form": "jihad Wikiquote",
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  "senses": [
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      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1938 August 22, “Holy War”, in Time",
          "text": "Young Iraqis of both sects obeyed the imams' ruling last week by rushing to conscription offices in hot, dirty, dusty Bagdad to offer themselves or their money for the jihad.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York: Review Books, published 2006, page 26",
          "text": "Small groups of killers, the scent of blood in their nostrils, now fanned out by taxi, bicycle or even on horseback into the surrounding countryside, spreading the word that a general jihad, or ‘holy war’, had broken out.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013 May 8, Mona Mahmood, Ian Black, The Guardian",
          "text": "The Jabhat al-Nusra media, with songs about jihad and martyrdom, is extremely influential.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
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        "A holy war undertaken by Muslims."
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      "id": "en-jihad-en-noun-PVso53V4",
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        "(Islam) A holy war undertaken by Muslims."
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      "translations": [
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          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
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          ],
          "word": "xhihat"
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        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "jihād",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
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          ],
          "word": "جِهَاد"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "ǰihad",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "ջիհադ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "cihad"
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        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ba",
          "lang": "Bashkir",
          "roman": "yıhat",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "йыһат"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "jihad"
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        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "džyxád",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "джыха́д"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "jihad",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "জিহাদ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "džihád",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "джиха́д"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ce",
          "lang": "Chechen",
          "roman": "ğazot",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "гӏазот"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "聖戰"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "note": "圣战 (sing³ zin³, literally “holy war”)",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "聖戰"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "note": "圣战 (shèngzhàn, literally “holy war”)",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jíhādé",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "吉哈德"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "džihád"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "ĝihado"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "džihaad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "pyhä sota"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "djihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ǯihadi",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "ჯიჰადი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Dschihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Djihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "rare"
          ],
          "word": "Jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "tzichánt",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "τζιχάντ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "gu",
          "lang": "Gujarati",
          "roman": "jihād",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "જિહાદ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ha",
          "lang": "Hausa",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "jihadi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "jihad",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "גִּ׳יהַאד"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "jihād",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "जिहाद"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "jihād",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "जिहाद्"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "dzsihád"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "jiohád"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "jihādo",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "ジハード"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "jihad",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "жиһад"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "jihadeu",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "지하드"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cîhad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "jikat",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "жикат"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "džihāds"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "džihadas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "džihad",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "џихад"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "mr",
          "lang": "Marathi",
          "roman": "jihād",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "जिहाद"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ps",
          "lang": "Pashto",
          "roman": "jihād",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "جهاد"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "jehâd",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "جِهاد"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dżihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "pa",
          "lang": "Punjabi",
          "roman": "jihād",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "ਜਿਹਾਦ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "džixád",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "джиха́д"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ђѝха̄д"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "џѝха̄д"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "đìhād"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "džìhād"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "si",
          "lang": "Sinhalese",
          "roman": "jihāḍ",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "ජිහාඩ්"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "džihád"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "džihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "yihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "sw",
          "lang": "Swahili",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "jihadi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "tg",
          "lang": "Tajik",
          "roman": "jihod",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "ҷиҳод"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "tt",
          "lang": "Tatar",
          "roman": "cihad",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "җиһад"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "yí-hâat",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "ญิฮาด"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "cihat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "tk",
          "lang": "Turkmen",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "džyxád",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "джиха́д"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "jihād",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "جِہاد"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "ug",
          "lang": "Uyghur",
          "roman": "jihad",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "جىھاد"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 3 2",
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
          "word": "jihod"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1984, 41:18 from the start, in Dune (Science Fiction), spoken by Reverend Mother Ramallo, →OCLC",
          "text": "And now, the prophecy. One will come, the voice from the outer world, bringing the holy war, the jihad, which will cleanse the universe and bring us out of darkness.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An aggressive campaign for an idea."
      ],
      "id": "en-jihad-en-noun-aCt7slSc",
      "links": [
        [
          "campaign",
          "campaign"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "20 74 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "aggressive campaign",
          "word": "ristiretki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "20 74 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "aggressive campaign",
          "word": "pyhä sota"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "20 74 7",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "jihād",
          "sense": "aggressive campaign",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "जिहाद"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "20 74 7",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "jihād",
          "sense": "aggressive campaign",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "जिहाद्"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "20 74 7",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "aggressive campaign",
          "word": "mücadele"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "20 74 7",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "aggressive campaign",
          "word": "savaşım"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Islam",
          "orig": "en:Islam",
          "parents": [
            "Abrahamism",
            "Religion",
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Theology",
          "orig": "en:Theology",
          "parents": [
            "Philosophy",
            "Religion",
            "All topics",
            "Culture",
            "Fundamental",
            "Society"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A personal spiritual struggle for self-improvement and/or against evil."
      ],
      "id": "en-jihad-en-noun-mHtaCpjI",
      "links": [
        [
          "theology",
          "theology"
        ],
        [
          "personal",
          "personal"
        ],
        [
          "spiritual",
          "spiritual"
        ],
        [
          "struggle",
          "struggle"
        ],
        [
          "self-improvement",
          "self-improvement"
        ],
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Islam, theology) A personal spiritual struggle for self-improvement and/or against evil."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Islam",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion",
        "theology"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "6 5 89",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "personal spiritual struggle",
          "word": "kilvoittelu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 5 89",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "jihād",
          "sense": "personal spiritual struggle",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "जिहाद"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 5 89",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "jihād",
          "sense": "personal spiritual struggle",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "जिहाद्"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 5 89",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "personal spiritual struggle",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "dżihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 5 89",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "personal spiritual struggle",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "jihad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 5 89",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "personal spiritual struggle",
          "word": "mücadele"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "6 5 89",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "personal spiritual struggle",
          "word": "savaşım"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɪˈhæd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɪˈhɑːd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒəˈhɑːd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒiːhɑːd/",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒiːhæd/",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æd"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːd"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-jihad.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "jĭ-hăd'",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "jē'-häd",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "jehad"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "jihad"
  ],
  "word": "jihad"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "جِهَاد",
        "4": "",
        "5": "struggle; effort"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "ج ه د"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jihads",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jihading",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jihaded",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jihaded",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "jihad (third-person singular simple present jihads, present participle jihading, simple past and past participle jihaded)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To participate in a jihad."
      ],
      "id": "en-jihad-en-verb-x~xMJKgL",
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "crusade"
        },
        {
          "word": "holy war"
        },
        {
          "word": "infidel"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɪˈhæd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɪˈhɑːd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒəˈhɑːd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒiːhɑːd/",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒiːhæd/",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æd"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːd"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-jihad.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "jĭ-hăd'",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "jē'-häd",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "jehad"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "jihad"
  ],
  "word": "jihad"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Arabic",
    "English terms derived from Arabic",
    "English terms derived from the Arabic root ج ه د",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/æd",
    "Rhymes:English/æd/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːd",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːd/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "jihadi"
    },
    {
      "word": "jihadic"
    },
    {
      "word": "jihadisation"
    },
    {
      "word": "jihadise"
    },
    {
      "word": "jihadism"
    },
    {
      "word": "jihadist"
    },
    {
      "word": "jihadistic"
    },
    {
      "word": "jihadization"
    },
    {
      "word": "jihadize"
    },
    {
      "word": "jihobbyist"
    },
    {
      "word": "Love Jihad"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "جِهَاد",
        "4": "",
        "5": "struggle; effort"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "ج ه د"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jihad Wikiquote",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jihads",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "jihad (countable and uncountable, plural jihads)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "mujahid"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Islam"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1938 August 22, “Holy War”, in Time",
          "text": "Young Iraqis of both sects obeyed the imams' ruling last week by rushing to conscription offices in hot, dirty, dusty Bagdad to offer themselves or their money for the jihad.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York: Review Books, published 2006, page 26",
          "text": "Small groups of killers, the scent of blood in their nostrils, now fanned out by taxi, bicycle or even on horseback into the surrounding countryside, spreading the word that a general jihad, or ‘holy war’, had broken out.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013 May 8, Mona Mahmood, Ian Black, The Guardian",
          "text": "The Jabhat al-Nusra media, with songs about jihad and martyrdom, is extremely influential.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A holy war undertaken by Muslims."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "holy war",
          "holy war"
        ],
        [
          "Muslim",
          "Muslim"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Islam) A holy war undertaken by Muslims."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Islam",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1984, 41:18 from the start, in Dune (Science Fiction), spoken by Reverend Mother Ramallo, →OCLC",
          "text": "And now, the prophecy. One will come, the voice from the outer world, bringing the holy war, the jihad, which will cleanse the universe and bring us out of darkness.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An aggressive campaign for an idea."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "campaign",
          "campaign"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Islam",
        "en:Theology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A personal spiritual struggle for self-improvement and/or against evil."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "theology",
          "theology"
        ],
        [
          "personal",
          "personal"
        ],
        [
          "spiritual",
          "spiritual"
        ],
        [
          "struggle",
          "struggle"
        ],
        [
          "self-improvement",
          "self-improvement"
        ],
        [
          "evil",
          "evil"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Islam, theology) A personal spiritual struggle for self-improvement and/or against evil."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Islam",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion",
        "theology"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɪˈhæd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɪˈhɑːd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒəˈhɑːd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒiːhɑːd/",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒiːhæd/",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æd"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːd"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-jihad.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "jĭ-hăd'",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "jē'-häd",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "jehad"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "xhihat"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "jihād",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "جِهَاد"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "ǰihad",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "ջիհադ"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "cihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "ba",
      "lang": "Bashkir",
      "roman": "yıhat",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "йыһат"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "džyxád",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "джыха́д"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "jihad",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "জিহাদ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "džihád",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "джиха́д"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "ce",
      "lang": "Chechen",
      "roman": "ğazot",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "гӏазот"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "聖戰"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "note": "圣战 (sing³ zin³, literally “holy war”)",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "聖戰"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "note": "圣战 (shèngzhàn, literally “holy war”)",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jíhādé",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "吉哈德"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "džihád"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "ĝihado"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "džihaad"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "pyhä sota"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "djihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ǯihadi",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "ჯიჰადი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Dschihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Djihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "Jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "tzichánt",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "τζιχάντ"
    },
    {
      "code": "gu",
      "lang": "Gujarati",
      "roman": "jihād",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "જિહાદ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ha",
      "lang": "Hausa",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "jihadi"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "jihad",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "גִּ׳יהַאד"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "jihād",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "जिहाद"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "jihād",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "जिहाद्"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "dzsihád"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "jiohád"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "jihādo",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "ジハード"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "jihad",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "жиһад"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "jihadeu",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "지하드"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cîhad"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "jikat",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "жикат"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "džihāds"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "džihadas"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "džihad",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "џихад"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "mr",
      "lang": "Marathi",
      "roman": "jihād",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "जिहाद"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "ps",
      "lang": "Pashto",
      "roman": "jihād",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "جهاد"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "jehâd",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "جِهاد"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dżihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "pa",
      "lang": "Punjabi",
      "roman": "jihād",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "ਜਿਹਾਦ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "džixád",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "джиха́д"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ђѝха̄д"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "џѝха̄д"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "đìhād"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "džìhād"
    },
    {
      "code": "si",
      "lang": "Sinhalese",
      "roman": "jihāḍ",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "ජිහාඩ්"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "džihád"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "džihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "yihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "sw",
      "lang": "Swahili",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "jihadi"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "tg",
      "lang": "Tajik",
      "roman": "jihod",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "ҷиҳод"
    },
    {
      "code": "tt",
      "lang": "Tatar",
      "roman": "cihad",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "җиһад"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "yí-hâat",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "ญิฮาด"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "cihat"
    },
    {
      "code": "tk",
      "lang": "Turkmen",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "džyxád",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "джиха́д"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "jihād",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "جِہاد"
    },
    {
      "code": "ug",
      "lang": "Uyghur",
      "roman": "jihad",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "جىھاد"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "holy war undertaken by Muslims",
      "word": "jihod"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "aggressive campaign",
      "word": "ristiretki"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "aggressive campaign",
      "word": "pyhä sota"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "jihād",
      "sense": "aggressive campaign",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "जिहाद"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "jihād",
      "sense": "aggressive campaign",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "जिहाद्"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "aggressive campaign",
      "word": "mücadele"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "aggressive campaign",
      "word": "savaşım"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "personal spiritual struggle",
      "word": "kilvoittelu"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "jihād",
      "sense": "personal spiritual struggle",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "जिहाद"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "jihād",
      "sense": "personal spiritual struggle",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "जिहाद्"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "personal spiritual struggle",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "dżihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "personal spiritual struggle",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "jihad"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "personal spiritual struggle",
      "word": "mücadele"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "personal spiritual struggle",
      "word": "savaşım"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "jihad"
  ],
  "word": "jihad"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Arabic",
    "English terms derived from Arabic",
    "English terms derived from the Arabic root ج ه د",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/æd",
    "Rhymes:English/æd/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːd",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːd/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "جِهَاد",
        "4": "",
        "5": "struggle; effort"
      },
      "expansion": "Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ar",
        "3": "ج ه د"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "jihads",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jihading",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jihaded",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jihaded",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "jihad (third-person singular simple present jihads, present participle jihading, simple past and past participle jihaded)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "crusade"
    },
    {
      "word": "holy war"
    },
    {
      "word": "infidel"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To participate in a jihad."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɪˈhæd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒɪˈhɑːd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/d͡ʒəˈhɑːd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒiːhɑːd/",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒiːhæd/",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æd"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːd"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-jihad.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/29/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-jihad.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "jĭ-hăd'",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "jē'-häd",
      "tags": [
        "nonstandard"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "jehad"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "jihad"
  ],
  "word": "jihad"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.