"compel" meaning in English

See compel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /kəmˈpɛl/ Audio: En-us-compel.ogg [US] Forms: compels [present, singular, third-person], compelling [participle, present], compelled [participle, past], compelled [past]
Rhymes: -ɛl Etymology: From Middle English compellen, borrowed from Middle French compellir, from Latin compellere, itself from com- (“together”) + pellere (“to drive”). Displaced native Old English nīedan. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*pel- (beat)}}, {{inh|en|enm|compellen}} Middle English compellen, {{der|en|frm|compellir}} Middle French compellir, {{der|en|la|compello|compellere}} Latin compellere, {{m|la|com-||together}} com- (“together”), {{m|la|pellere||to drive}} pellere (“to drive”), {{ncog|ang|nīedan}} Old English nīedan Head templates: {{en-verb|++}} compel (third-person singular simple present compels, present participle compelling, simple past and past participle compelled)
  1. (transitive, archaic, literally) To drive together, round up Tags: archaic, literally, transitive Translations (drive together, round up): съби́рам (sǎbíram) [imperfective] (Bulgarian), bijeendrijven (Dutch), samendrijven (Dutch), ajaa kokoon (Finnish), koota (Finnish), собира́ть (sobirátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian)
    Sense id: en-compel-en-verb-H38UwklW Disambiguation of 'drive together, round up': 87 1 1 1 1 7 3
  2. (transitive) To overpower; to subdue. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-compel-en-verb-FnsT7m4-
  3. (transitive) To force, constrain or coerce. Tags: transitive Translations (force, constrain or coerce): ἀναγκάζω (anankázō) (Ancient Greek), ⁧أَكْرَهَ⁩ (ʔakraha) (Arabic), ⁧أَجْبَرَ⁩ (ʔajbara) (Arabic), ⁧اِضْطَرَّ⁩ (iḍṭarra) (Arabic), ստիպել (stipel) (Armenian), հարկադրել (harkadrel) (Armenian), məcbur etmək (Azerbaijani), прымуша́ць (prymušácʹ) [imperfective] (Belarusian), прыму́сіць (prymúsicʹ) [perfective] (Belarusian), змуша́ць (zmušácʹ) [imperfective] (Belarusian), зму́сіць (zmúsicʹ) [perfective] (Belarusian), принужда́вам (prinuždávam) [imperfective] (Bulgarian), прину́дя (prinúdja) [perfective] (Bulgarian), заста́вям (zastávjam) [imperfective] (Bulgarian), заста́вя (zastávja) [perfective] (Bulgarian), obligar (Catalan), forçar (Catalan), 強迫 (Chinese Mandarin), 强迫 (qiǎngpò, qiángpò) (Chinese Mandarin), nutit [imperfective] (Czech), donutit [perfective] (Czech), přinutit [perfective] (Czech), dwingen (Dutch), devigi (Esperanto), pakottaa (Finnish), ajaa (Finnish), contraindre (French), forcer (French), apremar (Galician), domear (Galician), obrigar (Galician), zwingen (German), nötigen (German), 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (anaqiujan) (Gothic), 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan) (Gothic), αναγκάζω (anagkázo) (Greek), υποχρεώνω (ypochreóno) (Greek), forzare (Italian), costringere (Italian), obbligare (Italian), 強いる (shiiru) (alt: しいる) (Japanese), 강요하다 (gang'yohada) (Korean), compellō (Latin), присилува (prisiluva) [imperfective] (Macedonian), принудува (prinuduva) [imperfective] (Macedonian), ā (Maori), uruhi (Maori), албадах (albadax) (Mongolian), tvinge (Norwegian), nīedan (Old English), nauðga (Old Norse), zmuszać [imperfective] (Polish), zmusić [perfective] (Polish), forçar (Portuguese), obrigar (Portuguese), заставля́ть (zastavljátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), заста́вить (zastávitʹ) [perfective] (Russian), принужда́ть (prinuždátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), прину́дить (prinúditʹ) [perfective] (Russian), си̏лити [Cyrillic, imperfective] (Serbo-Croatian), прѝсилити [Cyrillic, perfective] (Serbo-Croatian), sȉliti [Roman, imperfective] (Serbo-Croatian), prìsiliti [Roman, imperfective] (Serbo-Croatian), nútiť [imperfective] (Slovak), donútiť [perfective] (Slovak), prinútiť [perfective] (Slovak), prisiliti [perfective] (Slovene), obligar (Spanish), forzar (Spanish), compeler (Spanish), tvinga (Swedish), приму́шувати (prymúšuvaty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), приму́сити (prymúsyty) [perfective] (Ukrainian), зму́шувати (zmúšuvaty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), зму́сити (zmúsyty) [perfective] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-compel-en-verb-z30OqfrO Disambiguation of 'force, constrain or coerce': 2 1 85 4 4 1 2
  4. (transitive) To exact, extort, (make) produce by force. Tags: transitive Translations (exact by force): պարտադրել (partadrel) (Armenian), принужда́вам (prinuždávam) [imperfective] (Bulgarian), наси́лвам (nasílvam) [imperfective] (Bulgarian), přinutit [perfective] (Czech), přinucovat [imperfective] (Czech), vynutit [perfective] (Czech), vynucovat [imperfective] (Czech), afdwingen (Dutch), johtaa (Finnish), johdattaa (Finnish), obliger (French), zwingen (German), uruhi (Maori), обя́зывать (objázyvatʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), вынужда́ть (vynuždátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), обяза́ть (objazátʹ) [perfective] (Russian), вы́нудить (výnuditʹ) [perfective] (Russian), obligar (Spanish), forzar (Spanish), compeler (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-compel-en-verb-SJJi-yxi Disambiguation of 'exact by force': 4 2 14 63 9 1 7
  5. (obsolete) To force to yield; to overpower; to subjugate. Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-compel-en-verb-TjSZGkQp
  6. (obsolete) To gather or unite in a crowd or company. Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-compel-en-verb-n73QpUFL
  7. (obsolete) To call forth; to summon. Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-compel-en-verb-6GcCj20B
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: compellable, compeller, compelling, compellation, compel testimony Related terms: compulsion Translations (overpower): ենթարկել (entʿarkel) (Armenian), подчиня́вам (podčinjávam) [imperfective] (Bulgarian), podrobit [perfective] (Czech), podrobovat [imperfective] (Czech), bedwingen (Dutch), alistaa (Finnish), domear (Galician), zwingen (German), подчиня́ть (podčinjátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian)
Disambiguation of 'overpower': 3 48 1 1 42 1 5

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for compel meaning in English (20.3kB)

{
  "categories": [],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "compellable"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "compeller"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "compelling"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "compellation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "compel testimony"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pel- (beat)"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "compellen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English compellen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "compellir"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French compellir",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "compello",
        "4": "compellere"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin compellere",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "com-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "together"
      },
      "expansion": "com- (“together”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pellere",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to drive"
      },
      "expansion": "pellere (“to drive”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nīedan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English nīedan",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English compellen, borrowed from Middle French compellir, from Latin compellere, itself from com- (“together”) + pellere (“to drive”). Displaced native Old English nīedan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "compels",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "compelling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "compelled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "compelled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "++"
      },
      "expansion": "compel (third-person singular simple present compels, present participle compelling, simple past and past participle compelled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "com‧pel"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "compulsion"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To drive together, round up"
      ],
      "id": "en-compel-en-verb-H38UwklW",
      "links": [
        [
          "drive",
          "drive"
        ],
        [
          "together",
          "together"
        ],
        [
          "round up",
          "round up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, archaic, literally) To drive together, round up"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "literally",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "87 1 1 1 1 7 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "sǎbíram",
          "sense": "drive together, round up",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "съби́рам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 1 1 1 1 7 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "drive together, round up",
          "word": "bijeendrijven"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 1 1 1 1 7 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "drive together, round up",
          "word": "samendrijven"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 1 1 1 1 7 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "drive together, round up",
          "word": "ajaa kokoon"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 1 1 1 1 7 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "drive together, round up",
          "word": "koota"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "87 1 1 1 1 7 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "sobirátʹ",
          "sense": "drive together, round up",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "собира́ть"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1917, Upton Sinclair, chapter 16, in King Coal",
          "text": "She had one of those perfect faces, which irresistibly compel the soul of a man.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To overpower; to subdue."
      ],
      "id": "en-compel-en-verb-FnsT7m4-",
      "links": [
        [
          "overpower",
          "overpower"
        ],
        [
          "subdue",
          "subdue"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To overpower; to subdue."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Logic compels the wise, while fools feel compelled by emotions.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020, N. K. Jemisin, The City We Became, Orbit, page 173",
          "text": "And then she giggles, inordinately pleased by her own cleverness.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "December 15 2022, Samanth Subramanian, “Dismantling Sellafield: the epic task of shutting down a nuclear site”, in The Guardian",
          "text": "Sellafield compels this kind of gaze into the abyss of deep time because it is a place where multiple time spans – some fleeting, some cosmic – drift in and out of view.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To force, constrain or coerce."
      ],
      "id": "en-compel-en-verb-z30OqfrO",
      "links": [
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ],
        [
          "constrain",
          "constrain"
        ],
        [
          "coerce",
          "coerce"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To force, constrain or coerce."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ʔakraha",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "⁧أَكْرَهَ⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ʔajbara",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "⁧أَجْبَرَ⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "iḍṭarra",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "⁧اِضْطَرَّ⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "stipel",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "ստիպել"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "harkadrel",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "հարկադրել"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "məcbur etmək"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "prymušácʹ",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "прымуша́ць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "prymúsicʹ",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "прыму́сіць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "zmušácʹ",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "змуша́ць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "zmúsicʹ",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "зму́сіць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "prinuždávam",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "принужда́вам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "prinúdja",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "прину́дя"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zastávjam",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "заста́вям"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zastávja",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "заста́вя"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "obligar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "forçar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "強迫"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "qiǎngpò, qiángpò",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "强迫"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "nutit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "donutit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "přinutit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "dwingen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "devigi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "pakottaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "ajaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "contraindre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "forcer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "apremar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "domear"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "obrigar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "zwingen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "nötigen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "anaqiujan",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "baidjan",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "anagkázo",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "αναγκάζω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ypochreóno",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "υποχρεώνω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "anankázō",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "ἀναγκάζω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "forzare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "costringere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "obbligare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "alt": "しいる",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shiiru",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "強いる"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "gang'yohada",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "강요하다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "compellō"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "prisiluva",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "присилува"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "prinuduva",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "принудува"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "ā"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "uruhi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "roman": "albadax",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "албадах"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "tvinge"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "nīedan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "non",
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "nauðga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "zmuszać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "zmusić"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "forçar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "obrigar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zastavljátʹ",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "заставля́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zastávitʹ",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "заста́вить"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "prinuždátʹ",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "принужда́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "prinúditʹ",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "прину́дить"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "си̏лити"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "прѝсилити"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "sȉliti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "prìsiliti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "nútiť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "donútiť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "prinútiť"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "prisiliti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "obligar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "forzar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "compeler"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "word": "tvinga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "prymúšuvaty",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "приму́шувати"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "prymúsyty",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "приму́сити"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zmúšuvaty",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "зму́шувати"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 85 4 4 1 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zmúsyty",
          "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "зму́сити"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1912, L. Frank Baum, chapter 14, in Sky Island",
          "text": "The Queen has nothing but the power to execute the laws, to adjust grievances and to compel order.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To exact, extort, (make) produce by force."
      ],
      "id": "en-compel-en-verb-SJJi-yxi",
      "links": [
        [
          "exact",
          "exact"
        ],
        [
          "extort",
          "extort"
        ],
        [
          "produce",
          "produce"
        ],
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To exact, extort, (make) produce by force."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "partadrel",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "word": "պարտադրել"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "prinuždávam",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "принужда́вам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "nasílvam",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "наси́лвам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "přinutit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "přinucovat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "vynutit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "vynucovat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "word": "afdwingen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "word": "johtaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "word": "johdattaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "word": "obliger"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "word": "zwingen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "word": "uruhi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "objázyvatʹ",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "обя́зывать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vynuždátʹ",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "вынужда́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "objazátʹ",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "обяза́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "výnuditʹ",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "вы́нудить"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "word": "obligar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "word": "forzar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 2 14 63 9 1 7",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "exact by force",
          "word": "compeler"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To force to yield; to overpower; to subjugate."
      ],
      "id": "en-compel-en-verb-TjSZGkQp",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) To force to yield; to overpower; to subjugate."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To gather or unite in a crowd or company."
      ],
      "id": "en-compel-en-verb-n73QpUFL",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) To gather or unite in a crowd or company."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To call forth; to summon."
      ],
      "id": "en-compel-en-verb-6GcCj20B",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) To call forth; to summon."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kəmˈpɛl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-compel.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/En-us-compel.ogg/En-us-compel.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/En-us-compel.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "3 48 1 1 42 1 5",
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "entʿarkel",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "word": "ենթարկել"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 48 1 1 42 1 5",
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "podčinjávam",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "подчиня́вам"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 48 1 1 42 1 5",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "podrobit"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 48 1 1 42 1 5",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "podrobovat"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 48 1 1 42 1 5",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "word": "bedwingen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 48 1 1 42 1 5",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "word": "alistaa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 48 1 1 42 1 5",
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "word": "domear"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 48 1 1 42 1 5",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "word": "zwingen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 48 1 1 42 1 5",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "podčinjátʹ",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "подчиня́ть"
    }
  ],
  "word": "compel"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Requests for review of Old English translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "compellable"
    },
    {
      "word": "compeller"
    },
    {
      "word": "compelling"
    },
    {
      "word": "compellation"
    },
    {
      "word": "compel testimony"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*pel- (beat)"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "compellen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English compellen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "compellir"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French compellir",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "compello",
        "4": "compellere"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin compellere",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "com-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "together"
      },
      "expansion": "com- (“together”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pellere",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to drive"
      },
      "expansion": "pellere (“to drive”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "nīedan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English nīedan",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English compellen, borrowed from Middle French compellir, from Latin compellere, itself from com- (“together”) + pellere (“to drive”). Displaced native Old English nīedan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "compels",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "compelling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "compelled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "compelled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "++"
      },
      "expansion": "compel (third-person singular simple present compels, present participle compelling, simple past and past participle compelled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "com‧pel"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "compulsion"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To drive together, round up"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "drive",
          "drive"
        ],
        [
          "together",
          "together"
        ],
        [
          "round up",
          "round up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, archaic, literally) To drive together, round up"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "literally",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1917, Upton Sinclair, chapter 16, in King Coal",
          "text": "She had one of those perfect faces, which irresistibly compel the soul of a man.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To overpower; to subdue."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "overpower",
          "overpower"
        ],
        [
          "subdue",
          "subdue"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To overpower; to subdue."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Logic compels the wise, while fools feel compelled by emotions.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2020, N. K. Jemisin, The City We Became, Orbit, page 173",
          "text": "And then she giggles, inordinately pleased by her own cleverness.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "December 15 2022, Samanth Subramanian, “Dismantling Sellafield: the epic task of shutting down a nuclear site”, in The Guardian",
          "text": "Sellafield compels this kind of gaze into the abyss of deep time because it is a place where multiple time spans – some fleeting, some cosmic – drift in and out of view.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To force, constrain or coerce."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ],
        [
          "constrain",
          "constrain"
        ],
        [
          "coerce",
          "coerce"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To force, constrain or coerce."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1912, L. Frank Baum, chapter 14, in Sky Island",
          "text": "The Queen has nothing but the power to execute the laws, to adjust grievances and to compel order.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To exact, extort, (make) produce by force."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "exact",
          "exact"
        ],
        [
          "extort",
          "extort"
        ],
        [
          "produce",
          "produce"
        ],
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To exact, extort, (make) produce by force."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To force to yield; to overpower; to subjugate."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) To force to yield; to overpower; to subjugate."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To gather or unite in a crowd or company."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) To gather or unite in a crowd or company."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To call forth; to summon."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) To call forth; to summon."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kəmˈpɛl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-compel.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/En-us-compel.ogg/En-us-compel.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/En-us-compel.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "sǎbíram",
      "sense": "drive together, round up",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "съби́рам"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "drive together, round up",
      "word": "bijeendrijven"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "drive together, round up",
      "word": "samendrijven"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "drive together, round up",
      "word": "ajaa kokoon"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "drive together, round up",
      "word": "koota"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "sobirátʹ",
      "sense": "drive together, round up",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "собира́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "entʿarkel",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "word": "ենթարկել"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "podčinjávam",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "подчиня́вам"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "podrobit"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "podrobovat"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "word": "bedwingen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "word": "alistaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "word": "domear"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "word": "zwingen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "podčinjátʹ",
      "sense": "overpower",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "подчиня́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʔakraha",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "⁧أَكْرَهَ⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʔajbara",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "⁧أَجْبَرَ⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "iḍṭarra",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "⁧اِضْطَرَّ⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "stipel",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "ստիպել"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "harkadrel",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "հարկադրել"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "məcbur etmək"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "prymušácʹ",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "прымуша́ць"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "prymúsicʹ",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "прыму́сіць"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "zmušácʹ",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "змуша́ць"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "zmúsicʹ",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "зму́сіць"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "prinuždávam",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "принужда́вам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "prinúdja",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "прину́дя"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zastávjam",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "заста́вям"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zastávja",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "заста́вя"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "obligar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "forçar"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "強迫"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "qiǎngpò, qiángpò",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "强迫"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "nutit"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "donutit"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "přinutit"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "dwingen"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "devigi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "pakottaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "ajaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "contraindre"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "forcer"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "apremar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "domear"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "obrigar"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "zwingen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "nötigen"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "anaqiujan",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "baidjan",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "anagkázo",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "αναγκάζω"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ypochreóno",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "υποχρεώνω"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "anankázō",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "ἀναγκάζω"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "forzare"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "costringere"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "obbligare"
    },
    {
      "alt": "しいる",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shiiru",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "強いる"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gang'yohada",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "강요하다"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "compellō"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "prisiluva",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "присилува"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "prinuduva",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "принудува"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "ā"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "uruhi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "albadax",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "албадах"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "tvinge"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "nīedan"
    },
    {
      "code": "non",
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "nauðga"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "zmuszać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zmusić"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "forçar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "obrigar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zastavljátʹ",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "заставля́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zastávitʹ",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "заста́вить"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "prinuždátʹ",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "принужда́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "prinúditʹ",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "прину́дить"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "си̏лити"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "прѝсилити"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "sȉliti"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "prìsiliti"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "nútiť"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "donútiť"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "prinútiť"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "prisiliti"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "obligar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "forzar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "compeler"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "word": "tvinga"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "prymúšuvaty",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "приму́шувати"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "prymúsyty",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "приму́сити"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zmúšuvaty",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "зму́шувати"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zmúsyty",
      "sense": "force, constrain or coerce",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "зму́сити"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "partadrel",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "word": "պարտադրել"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "prinuždávam",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "принужда́вам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "nasílvam",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "наси́лвам"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "přinutit"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "přinucovat"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "vynutit"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "vynucovat"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "word": "afdwingen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "word": "johtaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "word": "johdattaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "word": "obliger"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "word": "zwingen"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "word": "uruhi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "objázyvatʹ",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "обя́зывать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vynuždátʹ",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "вынужда́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "objazátʹ",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "обяза́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "výnuditʹ",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "вы́нудить"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "word": "obligar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "word": "forzar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "exact by force",
      "word": "compeler"
    }
  ],
  "word": "compel"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.