See zwingen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "abzwingen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aufzwingen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bezwingen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "erzwingen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hineinzwingen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hinunterzwingen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "niederzwingen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "reinzwingen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "runterzwingen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Zwang"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Zwingburg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Zwinge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zwingend"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Zwinger"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "twingen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German twingen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "dwingan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German dwingan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*þwinganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwinganą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dwingen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dwingen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tvinge"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian tvinge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tvinga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tvinga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þvinga"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic þvinga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "twinge"
},
"expansion": "English twinge",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German twingen, from Old High German dwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinganą, *þwinhaną.\nCognates include Dutch dwingen, Norwegian tvinge, Swedish tvinga, Icelandic þvinga. What may be perceived as a repetition of the consonant shift (from Germanic *þ → Old High German d → Middle High German t → modern German z) is a regular development that affected most words with Old High German dw- and tw- (compare Zwerg, but see also quengeln for a counterexample). Compare English twinge.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "zwingt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwang",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gezwungen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zwänge",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zwinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "zwinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "zwinget",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwang",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zwangen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "zwänge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"formal",
"rare",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "zwängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "zwangst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zwangt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwängest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"rare",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "zwängst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"rare",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "zwänget",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "zwängt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "zwang",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwangen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwänge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"rare",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zwinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hast gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habt gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habest gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "habet gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hat gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hattest gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hattet gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hättest gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hättet gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingen werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gezwungen haben werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zwingen<zwang,gezwungen,zwänge>"
},
"expansion": "zwingen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present zwingt, past tense zwang, past participle gezwungen, past subjunctive zwänge, auxiliary haben)",
"name": "de-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"zwin‧gen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zwingen<zwang,gezwungen,zwänge>"
},
"name": "de-conj"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I was forced to marry her.",
"text": "Ich wurde gezwungen, sie zu heiraten.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Only with the mobilization of all his energy did he force himself to be calm.",
"roman": "Nur mit Aufbietung seiner ganzen Energie zwang er sich zur Ruhe.",
"text": "1908, Walther Kabel, Das Tagebuch eines Irren, in: Bibliothek der Unterhaltung und des Wissens, vol. 9, Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, p. 132",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
],
"id": "en-zwingen-de-verb-PQyQS5XZ",
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive or reflexive) to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
],
"tags": [
"class-3",
"reflexive",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to necessitate; to call for"
],
"id": "en-zwingen-de-verb--k89th68",
"links": [
[
"zu",
"zu"
],
[
"necessitate",
"necessitate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, with \"zu ...\") to necessitate; to call for"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with \"zu ...\""
],
"tags": [
"class-3",
"intransitive",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtsvɪŋən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtsʋɪŋən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtsʋɪŋŋ̩]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋn̩"
},
{
"audio": "De-zwingen.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/De-zwingen.oga/De-zwingen.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/De-zwingen.oga"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
],
"word": "zwingen"
}
{
"categories": [
"German class 3 strong verbs",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German strong verbs",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old High German",
"German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"German terms inherited from Old High German",
"German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"German verbs",
"German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:German/ɪŋn̩",
"Rhymes:German/ɪŋn̩/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "abzwingen"
},
{
"word": "aufzwingen"
},
{
"word": "bezwingen"
},
{
"word": "erzwingen"
},
{
"word": "hineinzwingen"
},
{
"word": "hinunterzwingen"
},
{
"word": "niederzwingen"
},
{
"word": "reinzwingen"
},
{
"word": "runterzwingen"
},
{
"word": "Zwang"
},
{
"word": "Zwingburg"
},
{
"word": "Zwinge"
},
{
"word": "zwingend"
},
{
"word": "Zwinger"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "twingen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German twingen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "goh",
"3": "dwingan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German dwingan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*þwinganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwinganą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dwingen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dwingen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tvinge"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian tvinge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tvinga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tvinga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þvinga"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic þvinga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "twinge"
},
"expansion": "English twinge",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German twingen, from Old High German dwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinganą, *þwinhaną.\nCognates include Dutch dwingen, Norwegian tvinge, Swedish tvinga, Icelandic þvinga. What may be perceived as a repetition of the consonant shift (from Germanic *þ → Old High German d → Middle High German t → modern German z) is a regular development that affected most words with Old High German dw- and tw- (compare Zwerg, but see also quengeln for a counterexample). Compare English twinge.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "zwingt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwang",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gezwungen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zwänge",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "zwinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "zwinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "zwinget",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwang",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zwangen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "zwänge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"formal",
"rare",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "zwängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "zwangst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zwangt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwängest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"rare",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "zwängst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"rare",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "zwänget",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "zwängt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "zwang",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwangen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwänge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"rare",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwängen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"rare",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zwinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3 strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hast gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "habt gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habest gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "habet gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hat gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "habe gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haben gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hattest gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hattet gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hättest gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hättet gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hatte gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hatten gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätte gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hätten gezwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zwingen werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden zwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-i",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gezwungen haben werden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdest gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-i",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werde gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wirst gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdet gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würdest gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "würdet gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "wird gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "werden gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würde gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "würden gezwungen haben",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"future-ii",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive-ii",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zwingen<zwang,gezwungen,zwänge>"
},
"expansion": "zwingen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present zwingt, past tense zwang, past participle gezwungen, past subjunctive zwänge, auxiliary haben)",
"name": "de-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"zwin‧gen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zwingen<zwang,gezwungen,zwänge>"
},
"name": "de-conj"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German reflexive verbs",
"German terms with quotations",
"German terms with usage examples",
"German transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I was forced to marry her.",
"text": "Ich wurde gezwungen, sie zu heiraten.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Only with the mobilization of all his energy did he force himself to be calm.",
"roman": "Nur mit Aufbietung seiner ganzen Energie zwang er sich zur Ruhe.",
"text": "1908, Walther Kabel, Das Tagebuch eines Irren, in: Bibliothek der Unterhaltung und des Wissens, vol. 9, Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, p. 132",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
],
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive or reflexive) to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
],
"tags": [
"class-3",
"reflexive",
"strong",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to necessitate; to call for"
],
"links": [
[
"zu",
"zu"
],
[
"necessitate",
"necessitate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, with \"zu ...\") to necessitate; to call for"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with \"zu ...\""
],
"tags": [
"class-3",
"intransitive",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtsvɪŋən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtsʋɪŋən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtsʋɪŋŋ̩]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪŋn̩"
},
{
"audio": "De-zwingen.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/De-zwingen.oga/De-zwingen.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/De-zwingen.oga"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
],
"word": "zwingen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for zwingen meaning in German (18.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.