"zwingen" meaning in German

See zwingen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈtsvɪŋən/, [ˈtsʋɪŋən], [ˈtsʋɪŋŋ̩] Audio: De-zwingen.oga
Rhymes: -ɪŋn̩ Etymology: From Middle High German twingen, from Old High German dwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinganą, related to *þwangiz (“clamp, strap”). Cognates include Dutch dwingen, Norwegian tvinge, Swedish tvinga, Icelandic þvinga. What may be perceived as a repetition of the consonant shift (from Germanic *þ → Old High German d → Middle High German t → modern German z) is a regular development that affected most words with Old High German dw- and tw- (compare Zwerg, but see also quengeln for a counterexample). Compare English twinge. Etymology templates: {{inh|de|gmh|twingen}} Middle High German twingen, {{inh|de|goh|dwingan}} Old High German dwingan, {{inh|de|gem-pro|*þwinganą}} Proto-Germanic *þwinganą, {{m|gem-pro|*þwangiz||clamp, strap}} *þwangiz (“clamp, strap”), {{cog|nl|dwingen}} Dutch dwingen, {{cog|no|tvinge}} Norwegian tvinge, {{cog|sv|tvinga}} Swedish tvinga, {{cog|is|þvinga}} Icelandic þvinga, {{m|de|Zwerg}} Zwerg, {{m|de|quengeln}} quengeln, {{cog|en|twinge}} English twinge Head templates: {{de-verb|zwingen<zwang,gezwungen,zwänge>}} zwingen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present zwingt, past tense zwang, past participle gezwungen, past subjunctive zwänge, auxiliary haben) Inflection templates: {{de-conj|zwingen<zwang,gezwungen,zwänge>}} Forms: zwingt [present, singular, third-person], zwang [past], gezwungen [participle, past], zwänge [past, subjunctive], haben [auxiliary], strong [table-tags], haben [auxiliary], zwingen [infinitive], zwingend [participle, present], gezwungen [participle, past], zwinge [first-person, indicative, present, singular], zwingen [first-person, indicative, plural, present], zwinge [first-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], zwingen [first-person, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], zwingst [indicative, present, second-person, singular], zwingt [indicative, plural, present, second-person], zwingest [second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], zwinget [plural, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], zwingt [indicative, present, singular, third-person], zwingen [indicative, plural, present, third-person], zwinge [singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i, third-person], zwingen [plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-i, third-person], zwang [first-person, indicative, preterite, singular], zwangen [first-person, indicative, plural, preterite], zwänge [first-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], zwängen [first-person, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], zwangst [indicative, preterite, second-person, singular], zwangt [indicative, plural, preterite, second-person], zwängest [second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], zwängst [second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], zwänget [plural, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], zwängt [plural, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], zwang [indicative, preterite, singular, third-person], zwangen [indicative, plural, preterite, third-person], zwänge [singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii, third-person], zwängen [plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii, third-person], zwing [imperative, second-person, singular], zwinge [imperative, second-person, singular], zwingt [imperative, plural, second-person], strong [table-tags], haben [auxiliary], habe gezwungen [first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, singular], haben gezwungen [first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, plural], habe gezwungen [first-person, multiword-construction, perfect, singular, subjunctive], haben gezwungen [first-person, multiword-construction, perfect, plural, subjunctive], hast gezwungen [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, second-person, singular], habt gezwungen [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, plural, second-person], habest gezwungen [multiword-construction, perfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], habet gezwungen [multiword-construction, perfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hat gezwungen [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, singular, third-person], haben gezwungen [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, plural, third-person], habe gezwungen [multiword-construction, perfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], haben gezwungen [multiword-construction, perfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hatte gezwungen [first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, singular], hatten gezwungen [first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural], hätte gezwungen [first-person, multiword-construction, pluperfect, singular, subjunctive], hätten gezwungen [first-person, multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, subjunctive], hattest gezwungen [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, second-person, singular], hattet gezwungen [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, second-person], hättest gezwungen [multiword-construction, pluperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hättet gezwungen [multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hatte gezwungen [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, singular, third-person], hatten gezwungen [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, third-person], hätte gezwungen [multiword-construction, pluperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hätten gezwungen [multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], zwingen werden [future, future-i, infinitive, multiword-construction], werde zwingen [first-person, future, future-i, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werden zwingen [first-person, future, future-i, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werdest zwingen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werdet zwingen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, plural, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werde zwingen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i, third-person], werden zwingen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-i, third-person], werde zwingen [first-person, future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, singular], werden zwingen [first-person, future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, plural], würde zwingen [first-person, future, future-i, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], würden zwingen [first-person, future, future-i, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], wirst zwingen [future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], werdet zwingen [future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person], würdest zwingen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], würdet zwingen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, plural, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], wird zwingen [future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, singular, third-person], werden zwingen [future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, plural, third-person], würde zwingen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii, third-person], würden zwingen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii, third-person], gezwungen haben werden [future, future-ii, infinitive, multiword-construction], werde gezwungen haben [first-person, future, future-ii, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werden gezwungen haben [first-person, future, future-ii, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werdest gezwungen haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werdet gezwungen haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, plural, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werde gezwungen haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i, third-person], werden gezwungen haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-i, third-person], werde gezwungen haben [first-person, future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, singular], werden gezwungen haben [first-person, future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, plural], würde gezwungen haben [first-person, future, future-ii, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], würden gezwungen haben [first-person, future, future-ii, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], wirst gezwungen haben [future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], werdet gezwungen haben [future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person], würdest gezwungen haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], würdet gezwungen haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, plural, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], wird gezwungen haben [future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, singular, third-person], werden gezwungen haben [future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, plural, third-person], würde gezwungen haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii, third-person], würden gezwungen haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii, third-person]
  1. (transitive or reflexive) to force; to compel; to make (someone do something) Tags: class-3, reflexive, strong, transitive
    Sense id: en-zwingen-de-verb-PQyQS5XZ Categories (other): German verbs using haben as auxiliary Disambiguation of German verbs using haben as auxiliary: 45 55
  2. (intransitive, with "zu ...") to necessitate; to call for Tags: class-3, intransitive, strong
    Sense id: en-zwingen-de-verb--k89th68 Categories (other): German entries with incorrect language header, German verbs using haben as auxiliary Disambiguation of German entries with incorrect language header: 43 57 Disambiguation of German verbs using haben as auxiliary: 45 55
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: aufzwingen, bezwingen, erzwingen, Zwang, Zwingburg, Zwinge, zwingend

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for zwingen meaning in German (18.1kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "twingen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German twingen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "dwingan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German dwingan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þwinganą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwinganą",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*þwangiz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "clamp, strap"
      },
      "expansion": "*þwangiz (“clamp, strap”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dwingen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch dwingen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "tvinge"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian tvinge",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "tvinga"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish tvinga",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "þvinga"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic þvinga",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Zwerg"
      },
      "expansion": "Zwerg",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "quengeln"
      },
      "expansion": "quengeln",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "twinge"
      },
      "expansion": "English twinge",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle High German twingen, from Old High German dwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinganą, related to *þwangiz (“clamp, strap”).\nCognates include Dutch dwingen, Norwegian tvinge, Swedish tvinga, Icelandic þvinga. What may be perceived as a repetition of the consonant shift (from Germanic *þ → Old High German d → Middle High German t → modern German z) is a regular development that affected most words with Old High German dw- and tw- (compare Zwerg, but see also quengeln for a counterexample). Compare English twinge.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "zwingt",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwang",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gezwungen",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwänge",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3 strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingend",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwinge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwinge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwinget",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwinge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwang",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwangen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwänge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwängen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwangst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwangt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwängest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwängst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwänget",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwängt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwang",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwangen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwänge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwängen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwing",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwinge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3 strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habe gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habe gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hast gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habt gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habest gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habet gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hat gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habe gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatte gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatten gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätte gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätten gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hattest gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hattet gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hättest gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hättet gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatte gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatten gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätte gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätten gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingen werden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdest zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wirst zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdest zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdet zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wird zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gezwungen haben werden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdest gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wirst gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdest gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdet gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wird gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zwingen<zwang,gezwungen,zwänge>"
      },
      "expansion": "zwingen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present zwingt, past tense zwang, past participle gezwungen, past subjunctive zwänge, auxiliary haben)",
      "name": "de-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "zwin‧gen"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zwingen<zwang,gezwungen,zwänge>"
      },
      "name": "de-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "aufzwingen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bezwingen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "erzwingen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Zwang"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Zwingburg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Zwinge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "zwingend"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I was forced to marry her.",
          "text": "Ich wurde gezwungen, sie zu heiraten.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Only with the mobilization of all his energy did he force himself to be calm.",
          "roman": "Nur mit Aufbietung seiner ganzen Energie zwang er sich zur Ruhe.",
          "text": "1908, Walther Kabel, Das Tagebuch eines Irren, in: Bibliothek der Unterhaltung und des Wissens, vol. 9, Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, p. 132",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
      ],
      "id": "en-zwingen-de-verb-PQyQS5XZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ],
        [
          "compel",
          "compel"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive or reflexive) to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "class-3",
        "reflexive",
        "strong",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to necessitate; to call for"
      ],
      "id": "en-zwingen-de-verb--k89th68",
      "links": [
        [
          "zu",
          "zu"
        ],
        [
          "necessitate",
          "necessitate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, with \"zu ...\") to necessitate; to call for"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with \"zu ...\""
      ],
      "tags": [
        "class-3",
        "intransitive",
        "strong"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtsvɪŋən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈtsʋɪŋən]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈtsʋɪŋŋ̩]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪŋn̩"
    },
    {
      "audio": "De-zwingen.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/De-zwingen.oga/De-zwingen.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/De-zwingen.oga",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Elmar Seebold",
    "Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
    "de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
  ],
  "word": "zwingen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "German 2-syllable words",
    "German class 3 strong verbs",
    "German entries with incorrect language header",
    "German lemmas",
    "German strong verbs",
    "German terms derived from Middle High German",
    "German terms derived from Old High German",
    "German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "German terms inherited from Middle High German",
    "German terms inherited from Old High German",
    "German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "German terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "German terms with audio links",
    "German verbs",
    "German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
    "Rhymes:German/ɪŋn̩",
    "Rhymes:German/ɪŋn̩/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "twingen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German twingen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "dwingan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German dwingan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*þwinganą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þwinganą",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*þwangiz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "clamp, strap"
      },
      "expansion": "*þwangiz (“clamp, strap”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dwingen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch dwingen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "tvinge"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian tvinge",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "tvinga"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish tvinga",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "þvinga"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic þvinga",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Zwerg"
      },
      "expansion": "Zwerg",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "quengeln"
      },
      "expansion": "quengeln",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "twinge"
      },
      "expansion": "English twinge",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle High German twingen, from Old High German dwingan, from Proto-Germanic *þwinganą, related to *þwangiz (“clamp, strap”).\nCognates include Dutch dwingen, Norwegian tvinge, Swedish tvinga, Icelandic þvinga. What may be perceived as a repetition of the consonant shift (from Germanic *þ → Old High German d → Middle High German t → modern German z) is a regular development that affected most words with Old High German dw- and tw- (compare Zwerg, but see also quengeln for a counterexample). Compare English twinge.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "zwingt",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwang",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gezwungen",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwänge",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3 strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingend",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwinge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwinge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwinget",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwinge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwang",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwangen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwänge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwängen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwangst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwangt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwängest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwängst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwänget",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwängt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwang",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwangen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwänge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwängen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwing",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwinge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "3 strong",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habe gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habe gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hast gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habt gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habest gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habet gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hat gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habe gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatte gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatten gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätte gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätten gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hattest gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hattet gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hättest gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hättet gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatte gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatten gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätte gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätten gezwungen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zwingen werden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdest zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wirst zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdest zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdet zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wird zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden zwingen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gezwungen haben werden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdest gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wirst gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdest gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdet gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wird gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden gezwungen haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zwingen<zwang,gezwungen,zwänge>"
      },
      "expansion": "zwingen (class 3 strong, third-person singular present zwingt, past tense zwang, past participle gezwungen, past subjunctive zwänge, auxiliary haben)",
      "name": "de-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "zwin‧gen"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zwingen<zwang,gezwungen,zwänge>"
      },
      "name": "de-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "aufzwingen"
    },
    {
      "word": "bezwingen"
    },
    {
      "word": "erzwingen"
    },
    {
      "word": "Zwang"
    },
    {
      "word": "Zwingburg"
    },
    {
      "word": "Zwinge"
    },
    {
      "word": "zwingend"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "German reflexive verbs",
        "German terms with quotations",
        "German terms with usage examples",
        "German transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I was forced to marry her.",
          "text": "Ich wurde gezwungen, sie zu heiraten.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Only with the mobilization of all his energy did he force himself to be calm.",
          "roman": "Nur mit Aufbietung seiner ganzen Energie zwang er sich zur Ruhe.",
          "text": "1908, Walther Kabel, Das Tagebuch eines Irren, in: Bibliothek der Unterhaltung und des Wissens, vol. 9, Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, p. 132",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ],
        [
          "compel",
          "compel"
        ],
        [
          "make",
          "make"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive or reflexive) to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "class-3",
        "reflexive",
        "strong",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "German intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to necessitate; to call for"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zu",
          "zu"
        ],
        [
          "necessitate",
          "necessitate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, with \"zu ...\") to necessitate; to call for"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "with \"zu ...\""
      ],
      "tags": [
        "class-3",
        "intransitive",
        "strong"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtsvɪŋən/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈtsʋɪŋən]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈtsʋɪŋŋ̩]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪŋn̩"
    },
    {
      "audio": "De-zwingen.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/De-zwingen.oga/De-zwingen.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/De-zwingen.oga",
      "text": "audio"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Elmar Seebold",
    "Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
    "de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
  ],
  "word": "zwingen"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.