See 強いる in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨sipuru⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨sipuru⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "強ふ",
"sort": "しいる",
"t": "",
"tr": "sipu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 強ふ (sipu)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "誣いる",
"2": "し.いる",
"3": "to slander; to defame"
},
"expansion": "誣(し)いる (shiiru, “to slander; to defame”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨sipu⟩ → ⟨sipuru⟩ → /ɕiɸuɾu/ → /ɕiɸɨɾu/ → /ɕiwiɾu/ → /ɕiiɾu/\nFrom Old Japanese 強ふ (sipu), following 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”).\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.\nRelated to 誣(し)いる (shiiru, “to slander; to defame”). Possibly related to 癈いる (shiiru, “to lose function (said of body organs)”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "強いる",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"し"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shiiru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "sifiru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "強い",
"roman": "shii",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"し"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "強いた",
"roman": "shiita",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"し"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "強い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shii",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "強いる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しいる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shiiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "強いれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しいれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shiire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "強いよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "強いろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "しいよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "しいろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "shiiyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "shiiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "強いられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "しいられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "shiirareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "強いさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "強いさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "しいさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "しいさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "shiisaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "shiisasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "強いられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "強いれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "しいられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "しいれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "shiirareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "shiireru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "強いよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "しいよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "shiiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "強いない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強いぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強いん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しいない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しいぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しいん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shiinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shiinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shiin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強いず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しいず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shiizu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強います",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "しいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "shiimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "強いた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "しいた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "shiita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "強いて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "しいて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "shiite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "強いれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "しいれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "shiireba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "し.いる",
"hhira": "しひる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "強(し)いる • (shiiru) ^(←しひる (sifiru)?)transitive ichidan (stem 強(し)い (shii), past 強(し)いた (shiita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "shiite",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"し"
]
],
"word": "強いて"
},
{
"roman": "shiiru",
"ruby": [
[
"誣",
"し"
]
],
"word": "誣いる"
},
{
"roman": "shiigoto",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"し"
],
[
"言",
"ごと"
]
],
"word": "強い言"
},
{
"roman": "shiizakana",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"し"
],
[
"肴",
"ざかな"
]
],
"word": "強い肴"
},
{
"roman": "shiitsukeru",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"し"
],
[
"付",
"つ"
]
],
"word": "強い付ける"
},
{
"roman": "kowajii",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"こわ"
],
[
"強",
"じ"
]
],
"word": "強強い"
},
{
"roman": "murijii",
"ruby": [
[
"無",
"む"
],
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"強",
"じ"
]
],
"word": "無理強い"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to compel, compulse, force"
],
"id": "en-強いる-ja-verb-gfL2N0kB",
"links": [
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"compulse",
"compulse"
],
[
"force",
"force#Verb"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "強制する"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen#Online_search_engines"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しいる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕiiɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "強いる"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "shiite",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"し"
]
],
"word": "強いて"
},
{
"roman": "shiiru",
"ruby": [
[
"誣",
"し"
]
],
"word": "誣いる"
},
{
"roman": "shiigoto",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"し"
],
[
"言",
"ごと"
]
],
"word": "強い言"
},
{
"roman": "shiizakana",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"し"
],
[
"肴",
"ざかな"
]
],
"word": "強い肴"
},
{
"roman": "shiitsukeru",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"し"
],
[
"付",
"つ"
]
],
"word": "強い付ける"
},
{
"roman": "kowajii",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"こわ"
],
[
"強",
"じ"
]
],
"word": "強強い"
},
{
"roman": "murijii",
"ruby": [
[
"無",
"む"
],
[
"理",
"り"
],
[
"強",
"じ"
]
],
"word": "無理強い"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨sipuru⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨sipuru⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "強ふ",
"sort": "しいる",
"t": "",
"tr": "sipu"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 強ふ (sipu)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "誣いる",
"2": "し.いる",
"3": "to slander; to defame"
},
"expansion": "誣(し)いる (shiiru, “to slander; to defame”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨sipu⟩ → ⟨sipuru⟩ → /ɕiɸuɾu/ → /ɕiɸɨɾu/ → /ɕiwiɾu/ → /ɕiiɾu/\nFrom Old Japanese 強ふ (sipu), following 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”).\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.\nRelated to 誣(し)いる (shiiru, “to slander; to defame”). Possibly related to 癈いる (shiiru, “to lose function (said of body organs)”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "強いる",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"し"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shiiru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "sifiru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "強い",
"roman": "shii",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"し"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "強いた",
"roman": "shiita",
"ruby": [
[
"強",
"し"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "強い",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しい",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shii",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "強いる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しいる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shiiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "強いれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "しいれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "shiire",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "強いよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "強いろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "しいよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "しいろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "shiiyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "shiiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "強いられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "しいられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "shiirareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "強いさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "強いさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "しいさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "しいさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "shiisaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "shiisasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "強いられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "強いれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "しいられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "しいれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "shiirareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "shiireru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "強いよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "しいよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "shiiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "強いない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強いぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強いん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しいない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しいぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しいん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shiinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shiinu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shiin",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強いず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "しいず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "shiizu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "強います",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "しいます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "shiimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "強いた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "しいた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "shiita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "強いて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "しいて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "shiite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "強いれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "しいれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "shiireba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "し.いる",
"hhira": "しひる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "強(し)いる • (shiiru) ^(←しひる (sifiru)?)transitive ichidan (stem 強(し)い (shii), past 強(し)いた (shiita))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese ichidan verbs",
"Japanese kami ichidan verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to compel, compulse, force"
],
"links": [
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"compulse",
"compulse"
],
[
"force",
"force#Verb"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "強制する"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen#Online_search_engines"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しいる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕiiɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "強いる"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 強いる meaning in Japanese (7.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"強いる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "強いる",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"強いる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "強いる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"強いる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "強いる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"強いる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "強いる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"強いる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "強いる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"強いる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "強いる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"強いる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "強いる",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"強いる"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "強いる",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.