"carny" meaning in English

See carny in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈkɑː(ɹ)ni/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-carny.wav Forms: carnies [plural], carney [alternative], carnie [alternative]
Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)ni Etymology: Clipping of carnival. Etymology templates: {{clipping|en|carnival}} Clipping of carnival Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} carny (countable and uncountable, plural carnies)
  1. (informal, countable) A person who works in a carnival (often one who uses exaggerated showmanship or fraud). Tags: countable, informal Synonyms: showie Translations (a person who works in a carnival): kolotočář [masculine] (Czech), kermisklant [masculine] (Dutch), tivolilainen (Finnish), forain [masculine] (French), Schausteller [masculine] (German), Schaustellerin [feminine] (German), giostraio [masculine] (Italian), giostraia [feminine] (Italian)
    Sense id: en-carny-en-noun-SXzK37Ls Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Italian translations, People Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 31 15 5 32 17 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 63 27 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 68 21 10 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 55 28 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 58 29 14 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 57 27 16 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 56 30 14 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 52 29 19 Disambiguation of People: 100 0 0 0 0 Disambiguation of 'a person who works in a carnival': 69 9 23
  2. (uncountable) The jargon used by carnival workers. Tags: uncountable
    Sense id: en-carny-en-noun-n74bUlc4 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 31 15 5 32 17
  3. (informal, countable) A carnival. Tags: countable, informal
    Sense id: en-carny-en-noun-rxt0MNzx
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ˈkɑː(ɹ)ni/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-carny.wav Forms: carney [alternative]
Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)ni Etymology: Of unknown origin. Etymology templates: {{unk|en|nocap=1}} unknown Head templates: {{en-noun|?}} carny
  1. (dialectal) Flattery. Tags: dialectal
    Sense id: en-carny-en-noun-jjm7IVUe Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Circus, Occupations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 31 15 5 32 17 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 28 15 4 37 16 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 29 15 2 37 17 Disambiguation of Circus: 19 9 9 52 12 Disambiguation of Occupations: 33 12 2 42 11 Synonyms: blandishment, sycophancy, carny [dialectal], flattery, incense [figuratively], adulation, ass-kissing [slang, vulgar], ass-licking [slang, vulgar], blandishment, gloze, hoomalimali, soft sawder, sooth [obsolete], sycophancy
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb

IPA: /ˈkɑː(ɹ)ni/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-carny.wav Forms: carnies [present, singular, third-person], carnying [participle, present], carnied [participle, past], carnied [past], carney [alternative]
Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)ni Etymology: Of unknown origin. Etymology templates: {{unk|en|nocap=1}} unknown Head templates: {{en-verb}} carny (third-person singular simple present carnies, present participle carnying, simple past and past participle carnied)
  1. (dialectal) To cajole, wheedle, or coax. Tags: dialectal
    Sense id: en-carny-en-verb-lXLX3uSK Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 31 15 5 32 17 Synonyms: butter up, inveigle, sweet-talk, blandander [Ireland, dated], blandish, butter up [figuratively], cajole, fast-talk, canoodle [figuratively], carny [dialectal], coax, collogue, croodle [UK, dialectal, obsolete], engle [obsolete], fleech [Scotland], honey around [figuratively], honey up [dated, figuratively], hum [UK, dated, slang], ingle [obsolete], inveigle, soap [dated, slang], soft-sawder [idiomatic], soft-soap [idiomatic], stroke [US, figuratively], sweet-talk [idiomatic], tweedle [obsolete], twist, wheedle, whilly [Scotland, archaic], word [obsolete]
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

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          "text": "Bart spies an opportunity to make a quick buck so he channels his inner carny and posits his sinking house as a natural wonder of the world and its inhabitants as freaks, barking to dazzled spectators, “Behold the horrors of the Slanty Shanty! See the twisted creatures that dwell within! Meet Cue-Ball, the man with no hair!”",
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        "(informal, countable) A person who works in a carnival (often one who uses exaggerated showmanship or fraud)."
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          "_dis1": "69 9 23",
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          "code": "it",
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        "(informal, countable) A carnival."
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          "text": "The crossing at St. Martin’s Church was mine fust of all; and when the other lads come to it I didn’t take no heed of ’em—only for that I’d have been a bright boy by now, but they carnied me over like; for when I tried to turn ’em off they’d say, in a carnying way, ‘Oh, let us stay on,’ so I never took no heed of ’em.",
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          "word": "croodle"
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          "word": "engle"
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          "tags": [
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          "word": "fleech"
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          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
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          "word": "honey around"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
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          "word": "honey up"
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          "word": "hum"
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          "tags": [
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          "word": "ingle"
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          "word": "inveigle"
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          "word": "soft-sawder"
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          "word": "stroke"
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          "word": "tweedle"
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          "word": "twist"
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        "(dialectal) Flattery."
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        {
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          "word": "carny"
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        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "word": "flattery"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "tags": [
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          "word": "incense"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "word": "adulation"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "tags": [
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          "word": "ass-kissing"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "tags": [
            "slang",
            "vulgar"
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          "word": "ass-licking"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "word": "blandishment"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "word": "gloze"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "word": "hoomalimali"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "word": "soft sawder"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "sooth"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "word": "sycophancy"
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      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɑː(ɹ)ni/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-carny.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)ni"
    }
  ],
  "word": "carny"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English clippings",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)ni",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)ni/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "en:Circus",
    "en:Occupations",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "carnival"
      },
      "expansion": "Clipping of carnival",
      "name": "clipping"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Clipping of carnival.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "carnies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carney",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carnie",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "carny (countable and uncountable, plural carnies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English informal terms",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              168,
              174
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1961, Robert A. Heinlein, Stranger in a Strange Land, New York: Avon, →OCLC, page 276:",
          "text": "The Reverend Foster, self-ordained—or directly ordained by God, depending on authority cited—had an instinct for the pulse of his times stronger than that of a skilled carnie sizing up a mark.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              72,
              77
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2012 May 20, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Marge Gets A Job” (season 4, episode 7; originally aired 11/05/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:",
          "text": "Bart spies an opportunity to make a quick buck so he channels his inner carny and posits his sinking house as a natural wonder of the world and its inhabitants as freaks, barking to dazzled spectators, “Behold the horrors of the Slanty Shanty! See the twisted creatures that dwell within! Meet Cue-Ball, the man with no hair!”",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person who works in a carnival (often one who uses exaggerated showmanship or fraud)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "carnival",
          "carnival"
        ],
        [
          "exaggerate",
          "exaggerate"
        ],
        [
          "showmanship",
          "showmanship"
        ],
        [
          "fraud",
          "fraud"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal, countable) A person who works in a carnival (often one who uses exaggerated showmanship or fraud)."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "showie"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The jargon used by carnival workers."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jargon",
          "jargon"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(uncountable) The jargon used by carnival workers."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English informal terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A carnival."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(informal, countable) A carnival."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɑː(ɹ)ni/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-carny.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)ni"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "lang_code": "cs",
      "sense": "a person who works in a carnival",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kolotočář"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "lang_code": "nl",
      "sense": "a person who works in a carnival",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kermisklant"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "sense": "a person who works in a carnival",
      "word": "tivolilainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "sense": "a person who works in a carnival",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "forain"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "a person who works in a carnival",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Schausteller"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "sense": "a person who works in a carnival",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Schaustellerin"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "a person who works in a carnival",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "giostraio"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "sense": "a person who works in a carnival",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "giostraia"
    }
  ],
  "word": "carny"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)ni",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)ni/2 syllables",
    "en:Circus",
    "en:Occupations",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unknown origin.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "carnies",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carnying",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carnied",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carnied",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "carney",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "carny (third-person singular simple present carnies, present participle carnying, simple past and past participle carnied)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              180,
              187
            ],
            [
              252,
              260
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, published 1861:",
          "text": "The crossing at St. Martin’s Church was mine fust of all; and when the other lads come to it I didn’t take no heed of ’em—only for that I’d have been a bright boy by now, but they carnied me over like; for when I tried to turn ’em off they’d say, in a carnying way, ‘Oh, let us stay on,’ so I never took no heed of ’em.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cajole, wheedle, or coax."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cajole",
          "cajole"
        ],
        [
          "wheedle",
          "wheedle"
        ],
        [
          "coax",
          "coax"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal) To cajole, wheedle, or coax."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "butter up"
        },
        {
          "word": "inveigle"
        },
        {
          "word": "sweet-talk"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "Ireland",
            "dated"
          ],
          "word": "blandander"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "word": "blandish"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "figuratively"
          ],
          "word": "butter up"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "word": "cajole"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "word": "fast-talk"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "figuratively"
          ],
          "word": "canoodle"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "carny"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "word": "coax"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "word": "collogue"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "UK",
            "dialectal",
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "croodle"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "engle"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "Scotland"
          ],
          "word": "fleech"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "figuratively"
          ],
          "word": "honey around"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "dated",
            "figuratively"
          ],
          "word": "honey up"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "UK",
            "dated",
            "slang"
          ],
          "word": "hum"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "ingle"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "word": "inveigle"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "dated",
            "slang"
          ],
          "word": "soap"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "idiomatic"
          ],
          "word": "soft-sawder"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "idiomatic"
          ],
          "word": "soft-soap"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "US",
            "figuratively"
          ],
          "word": "stroke"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "idiomatic"
          ],
          "word": "sweet-talk"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "tweedle"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "word": "twist"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "word": "wheedle"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "Scotland",
            "archaic"
          ],
          "word": "whilly"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:coax",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "word"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɑː(ɹ)ni/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-carny.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)ni"
    }
  ],
  "word": "carny"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with unknown or uncertain plurals",
    "English terms with unknown etymologies",
    "English verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)ni",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)ni/2 syllables",
    "en:Circus",
    "en:Occupations",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of unknown origin.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "carney",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "?"
      },
      "expansion": "carny",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dialectal terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Flattery."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Flattery",
          "flattery"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(dialectal) Flattery."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "blandishment"
        },
        {
          "word": "sycophancy"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "tags": [
            "dialectal"
          ],
          "word": "carny"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "word": "flattery"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "tags": [
            "figuratively"
          ],
          "word": "incense"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "word": "adulation"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "tags": [
            "slang",
            "vulgar"
          ],
          "word": "ass-kissing"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "tags": [
            "slang",
            "vulgar"
          ],
          "word": "ass-licking"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "word": "blandishment"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "word": "gloze"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "word": "hoomalimali"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "word": "soft sawder"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "sooth"
        },
        {
          "source": "Thesaurus:flattery",
          "word": "sycophancy"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkɑː(ɹ)ni/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-carny.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b7/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-carny.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)ni"
    }
  ],
  "word": "carny"
}

Download raw JSONL data for carny meaning in English (10.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.