See -ism in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"etymology_text": "Ultimately from either Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós), a suffix that forms abstract nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine, from stem of verbs in -ίζειν (-ízein) (whence English -ize); or from the related suffix Ancient Greek -ισμα (-isma), which more specifically expressed a finished act or thing done. Doublet of -ismus.\nMany English nouns in -ism are loans of Greek nouns in -ισμός (-ismós), often via Latin and French, such as Judaism, a learned English formation from Latin attested from ca. 1500 and ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαϊσμός (Ioudaïsmós). In Late Latin, the -ismus suffix became the ordinary ending for names of religions and ecclesiastical or philosophical systems or schools of thought, thus chrīstiānismus (whence 16th c. Christianism) in Tertullian, a trend continued in Medieval Latin, with e.g. pāgānismus attested by the 8th century. From the 16th century, such formations became very common in English, until the early 18th century mostly restricted to either root words of Greek or Latin origin (heroism, patriotism) or proper names (Calvinism, Lutheranism).\nProductivity from root words with evidently non-Latin and non-Greek origin dates to the late 18th century (e.g. blackguardism). Reflecting this productivity, use of ism as a standalone noun is attested in Edward Pettit (1680) and becomes common from the mid-18th century. The narrowed sense of forming terms for ideologies based on the belief of superiority is based on coinages such as racism (1932) or sexism (1936) and productive since the 1970s.",
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"examples": [
{
"text": "baptism (1300), aphorism (1528), criticism (1607), magnetism (1616)"
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{
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "14 19 19 17 19 13",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Lutheranism (1560), Calvinism (1570), Protestantism (1606), Congregationalism (1716), Mohammedanism (1815),: Palamism (1949)"
}
],
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"Used to form the name of a school of thought, system, or theory based on the name of its subject or object or alternatively on the name of its founder (When de-capitalized, these overlap with the generic \"doctrines\" sense below, e.g. Liberalism vs. liberalism.)"
],
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[
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"liberalism"
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],
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{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "14 22 19 17 15 13",
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
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],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "14 9 40 14 19 5",
"word": "ism"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 9 40 14 19 5",
"word": "-icism"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "atheism (1587), ruffianism (1589), giantism (1639), fanaticism (1652), theism (1678), religionism (1706), patriotism (1716), heroism (1717), despotism (1728), old-maidism (1776), capitalism (1792), nationism (1798), romanticism (1803), conservatism (1832), sexualism (1842), vegetarianism (1848), externalism (1856), young-ladyism (1869), opportunism (1870), blackguardism (1875), jingoism (1878), feminism (1895), dwarfism (1895)"
},
{
"ref": "1990, Stephen King, The Moving Finger:",
"text": "Howard didn't care much for beer, but that night he helped himself to three cans of Vi's new find nevertheless. Vi commented on it, said that if she had known he was going to like it that much, she would have stopped by the drugstore and gotten him an IV hookup. Another time-honored Vi-ism.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Ministry of Broadcast, Hitcents, Nintendo Switch, scene: game over:",
"text": "WE ARE EXPERIENCING BROADCAST NOOBISM",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of a tendency of action, behaviour, condition, opinion, or state belonging to a class or group of persons, or the result of a doctrine, ideology, or principle or lack thereof."
],
"id": "en--ism-en-suffix-IJzW4KEq",
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[
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],
[
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],
[
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]
],
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{
"_dis1": "7 5 69 7 10 3",
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 5 69 7 10 3",
"word": "-istic"
}
],
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"morpheme"
]
},
{
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"text": "Atticism (1612), Gallicism (1656), archaism (1709), Americanism (1781), colloquialism (1834), newspaperism (1838), Shakespearianism (1886)"
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{
"ref": "2010, Nassim Nicholas Taleb, The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable, New York: Random House, →ISBN, page 136:",
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{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 19 17 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sundanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 18 18 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tibetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 21 18 17 16 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 19 16 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zazaki translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zhuang translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "racism (1932), sexism (1936), classism (1971), speciesism (1975), heterosexism (1979), ableism (1981)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of ideologies expressing belief in the superiority of a certain class within the concept expressed by the root word, or a pattern of behavior or a social norm that benefits members of the group indicated by the root word. (Based on a late 20th-century narrowing of the \"terms for a doctrine\" sense.)"
],
"id": "en--ism-en-suffix-5zbSFb6u",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-im"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-izëm"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "-iyya",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "ـِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-izm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-իզմ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismu"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-izm"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"inanimate"
],
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "-ízm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-і́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "-ýzm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ы́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "bad",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "বাদ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "-ízǎm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и́зъм"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "wada.",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "ဝါဒ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-zhǔyì",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-主义"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-ism"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-isma"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-ismi"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "-izmi",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-იზმი"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ismós",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ισμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "izm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יזם"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "-vād",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-वाद"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-izmus"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-stefna"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismi"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"rare"
],
"word": "-ismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"alt": "-しゅぎ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-shugi",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-主義"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"note": "loanwords, vowel \"i\" can be merged into kana of the previous consonant",
"roman": "-izumu",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-イズム"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"alt": "きょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-kyō",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"topics": [
"religion",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "教"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "-nĭymô",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-និយម"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "lôtthĭ-",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "លទ្ធិ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"alt": "主義",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-juui",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "주의"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ijeum",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "이즘"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-izmo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "lat thi-",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "ລັດທິ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "-ni nyom",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-ນິຍົມ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismus"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-isma"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isms"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-izmas"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "-ízam",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и́зам"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iżmu"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-ism",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "ـیسم"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gerâi",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "گرایی"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "parasti",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "پرستی"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-yzm"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-izm"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "-vād",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ਵਾਦ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ism"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"roman": "-ism",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-исм"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ízm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-изам"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-izam"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ìsima"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ìsimu"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "scn",
"english": "borrowed from Italian",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-ismu"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-izmus"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-izem"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-ism"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "láttí-",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "ลัทธิ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-นิยม"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-izm"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-ízm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-і́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-ýzm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и́зм"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"alt": "主義-",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "chủ nghĩa-"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-im"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-isse"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aeth"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iaeth"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "-izm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יזם"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-izm"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 15 25 5 39 4",
"code": "za",
"lang": "Zhuang",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-cujyi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 19 19 16 17 12",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 20 15 15 15 18",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 22 15 14 16 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Alemannic German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 19 16 18 14",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
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"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 21 18 17 16 13",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 21 18 17 16 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 18 18 18 12",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 20 18 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 19 16 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Corsican translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 19 19 15 22 12",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 21 19 16 17 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 15 13",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 19 17 19 13",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
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},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 19 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 16 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 17 18 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 20 11",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 18 17 20 13",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 16 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 19 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 16 12",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 15 12",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 18 13",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 18 13",
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"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 20 16 18 12",
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},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 19 13",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 15 12",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 19 17 19 13",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 21 18 17 16 13",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "15 22 18 17 16 13",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 19 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 19 16 20 12",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "14 21 18 16 19 12",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Punjabi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 16 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
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"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 19 17 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sundanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 18 18 18 12",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 19 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 18 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 19 17 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 21 18 17 16 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 19 16 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 18 18 15 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zazaki translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 18 17 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zhuang translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "aleydigism, daturism, senilism, teratism, cocainism, climatism, humorism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of conditions (syndromes, diseases, disorders, defects, addictions) and therapeutical methods or doctrines."
],
"id": "en--ism-en-suffix-B5VSFnUo",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Used to form names of conditions (syndromes, diseases, disorders, defects, addictions) and therapeutical methods or doctrines."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪzəm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɪ.zm̩]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ism.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ism.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"wikipedia": [
"-ism"
],
"word": "-ism"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English noun-forming suffixes",
"English productive suffixes",
"English suffixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Corsican translations",
"Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
"Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Low German translations",
"Requests for review of Luxembourgish translations",
"Requests for review of Sardinian translations",
"Requests for review of Slovene translations",
"Requests for review of Sundanese translations",
"Requests for review of Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Alemannic German translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Aragonese translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Corsican translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Ladino translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Punjabi translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations",
"Terms with Zhuang translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ism"
},
{
"word": "-icism"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ize"
},
"expansion": "English -ize",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισμα (-isma)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-ismus"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -ismus",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Ἰουδαϊσμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Ἰουδαϊσμός (Ioudaïsmós)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from either Ancient Greek -ισμός (-ismós), a suffix that forms abstract nouns of action, state, condition, doctrine, from stem of verbs in -ίζειν (-ízein) (whence English -ize); or from the related suffix Ancient Greek -ισμα (-isma), which more specifically expressed a finished act or thing done. Doublet of -ismus.\nMany English nouns in -ism are loans of Greek nouns in -ισμός (-ismós), often via Latin and French, such as Judaism, a learned English formation from Latin attested from ca. 1500 and ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαϊσμός (Ioudaïsmós). In Late Latin, the -ismus suffix became the ordinary ending for names of religions and ecclesiastical or philosophical systems or schools of thought, thus chrīstiānismus (whence 16th c. Christianism) in Tertullian, a trend continued in Medieval Latin, with e.g. pāgānismus attested by the 8th century. From the 16th century, such formations became very common in English, until the early 18th century mostly restricted to either root words of Greek or Latin origin (heroism, patriotism) or proper names (Calvinism, Lutheranism).\nProductivity from root words with evidently non-Latin and non-Greek origin dates to the late 18th century (e.g. blackguardism). Reflecting this productivity, use of ism as a standalone noun is attested in Edward Pettit (1680) and becomes common from the mid-18th century. The narrowed sense of forming terms for ideologies based on the belief of superiority is based on coinages such as racism (1932) or sexism (1936) and productive since the 1970s.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ism",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "productive suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ism",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ist"
},
{
"word": "-istic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "baptism (1300), aphorism (1528), criticism (1607), magnetism (1616)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns of action, process, or result based on the accompanying verb ending in -ise or -ize."
],
"links": [
[
"-ise",
"-ise#English"
],
[
"-ize",
"-ize#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Lutheranism (1560), Calvinism (1570), Protestantism (1606), Congregationalism (1716), Mohammedanism (1815),: Palamism (1949)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the name of a school of thought, system, or theory based on the name of its subject or object or alternatively on the name of its founder (When de-capitalized, these overlap with the generic \"doctrines\" sense below, e.g. Liberalism vs. liberalism.)"
],
"links": [
[
"Liberalism",
"Liberalism"
],
[
"liberalism",
"liberalism"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "atheism (1587), ruffianism (1589), giantism (1639), fanaticism (1652), theism (1678), religionism (1706), patriotism (1716), heroism (1717), despotism (1728), old-maidism (1776), capitalism (1792), nationism (1798), romanticism (1803), conservatism (1832), sexualism (1842), vegetarianism (1848), externalism (1856), young-ladyism (1869), opportunism (1870), blackguardism (1875), jingoism (1878), feminism (1895), dwarfism (1895)"
},
{
"ref": "1990, Stephen King, The Moving Finger:",
"text": "Howard didn't care much for beer, but that night he helped himself to three cans of Vi's new find nevertheless. Vi commented on it, said that if she had known he was going to like it that much, she would have stopped by the drugstore and gotten him an IV hookup. Another time-honored Vi-ism.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Ministry of Broadcast, Hitcents, Nintendo Switch, scene: game over:",
"text": "WE ARE EXPERIENCING BROADCAST NOOBISM",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of a tendency of action, behaviour, condition, opinion, or state belonging to a class or group of persons, or the result of a doctrine, ideology, or principle or lack thereof."
],
"links": [
[
"doctrine",
"doctrine#English"
],
[
"ideology",
"ideology#English"
],
[
"principle",
"principle#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Atticism (1612), Gallicism (1656), archaism (1709), Americanism (1781), colloquialism (1834), newspaperism (1838), Shakespearianism (1886)"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Nassim Nicholas Taleb, The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable, New York: Random House, →ISBN, page 136:",
"text": "Note that these sayings attributed to Yogi Berra might be apocryphal […] These sayings remain, however, quintessential Berraisms.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form countable nouns indicating a peculiarity or characteristic of language"
],
"links": [
[
"countable",
"countable#English"
],
[
"peculiarity",
"peculiarity#English"
],
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "racism (1932), sexism (1936), classism (1971), speciesism (1975), heterosexism (1979), ableism (1981)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of ideologies expressing belief in the superiority of a certain class within the concept expressed by the root word, or a pattern of behavior or a social norm that benefits members of the group indicated by the root word. (Based on a late 20th-century narrowing of the \"terms for a doctrine\" sense.)"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Medicine"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "aleydigism, daturism, senilism, teratism, cocainism, climatism, humorism"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of conditions (syndromes, diseases, disorders, defects, addictions) and therapeutical methods or doctrines."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Used to form names of conditions (syndromes, diseases, disorders, defects, addictions) and therapeutical methods or doctrines."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪzəm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɪ.zm̩]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl--ism.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ism.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ism.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl--ism.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-im"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-izëm"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "-iyya",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "ـِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "-izm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-իզմ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismu"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-izm"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"inanimate"
],
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "-ízm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-і́зм"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "-ýzm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ы́зм"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "bad",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "বাদ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "-ízǎm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и́зъм"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "wada.",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "ဝါဒ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-主義"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "-zhǔyì",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-主义"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismus"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-ism"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-isma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-ismi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "-izmi",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-იზმი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismus"
},
{
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismus"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "-ismós",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ισμός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "izm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יזם"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "-vād",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-वाद"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-izmus"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-stefna"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismi"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"rare"
],
"word": "-ismus"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"alt": "-しゅぎ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-shugi",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-主義"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"note": "loanwords, vowel \"i\" can be merged into kana of the previous consonant",
"roman": "-izumu",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-イズム"
},
{
"alt": "きょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "-kyō",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"topics": [
"religion",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "教"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "-nĭymô",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-និយម"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "lôtthĭ-",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "លទ្ធិ-"
},
{
"alt": "主義",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-juui",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "주의"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ijeum",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "이즘"
},
{
"code": "lad",
"lang": "Ladino",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-izmo"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "lat thi-",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "ລັດທິ-"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "-ni nyom",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-ນິຍົມ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-isma"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isms"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-izmas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "-ízam",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и́зам"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-iżmu"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-isme"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "-ism",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "ـیسم"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gerâi",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "گرایی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "parasti",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "پرستی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-yzm"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-izm"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "-vād",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ਵਾਦ"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-ism"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"roman": "-ism",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "-исм"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "-ízm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и́зм"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-изам"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "-izam"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-ìsima"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ìsimu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"english": "borrowed from Italian",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-ismu"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-izmus"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-izem"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "-ism"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "láttí-",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "ลัทธิ-"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-นิยม"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-ismo"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-izm"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-ízm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-і́зм"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "-ýzm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "-и́зм"
},
{
"alt": "主義-",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "chủ nghĩa-"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-im"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-isse"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-aeth"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "-iaeth"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "-izm",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "־יזם"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-izm"
},
{
"code": "za",
"lang": "Zhuang",
"sense": "a principle, belief or movement",
"word": "-cujyi"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"-ism"
],
"word": "-ism"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ism meaning in English (21.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.