"vassal" meaning in All languages combined

See vassal on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ˈvæsəl/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav [Southern-England]
Rhymes: -æsəl Etymology: From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|vassal}} Middle English vassal, {{der|en|fro|vassal|}} Old French vassal, {{der|en|ML.|vassallus||manservant, domestic, retainer}} Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), {{der|en|la|vassus||servant}} Latin vassus (“servant”), {{der|en|cel-gau|*wassos||young man, squire}} Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), {{der|en|cel-pro|*wastos||servant}} Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”), {{cog|sga|foss}} Old Irish foss, {{cog|cy|gwas}} Welsh gwas Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} vassal (not comparable)
  1. Resembling a vassal; slavish; servile. Tags: not-comparable Translations: васалски (vasalski) (Bulgarian), alamainen (Finnish), ვასალური (vasaluri) (Georgian), hűbéresi (Hungarian), vazallusi (Hungarian), szolgai (Hungarian), vasáilleach (Irish), seirbhíseach (Irish), ва́залски (vázalski) (Macedonian), ва́зален (vázalen) (Macedonian)
    Sense id: en-vassal-en-adj--vcHSo9v
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: vasal [rare]

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈvæsəl/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav [Southern-England] Forms: vassals [plural]
Rhymes: -æsəl Etymology: From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|vassal}} Middle English vassal, {{der|en|fro|vassal|}} Old French vassal, {{der|en|ML.|vassallus||manservant, domestic, retainer}} Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), {{der|en|la|vassus||servant}} Latin vassus (“servant”), {{der|en|cel-gau|*wassos||young man, squire}} Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), {{der|en|cel-pro|*wastos||servant}} Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”), {{cog|sga|foss}} Old Irish foss, {{cog|cy|gwas}} Welsh gwas Head templates: {{en-noun}} vassal (plural vassals)
  1. (historical, law) The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service. Tags: historical Categories (topical): Law, Feudalism Synonyms: feudatory, feudal tenant Translations (grantee of a fief): վասալ (vasal) (Armenian), васа́л (vasál) [masculine] (Belarusian), васа́л (vasál) [masculine] (Bulgarian), 封臣 (fēngchén) (Chinese Mandarin), vazal [masculine] (Czech), vasal [common-gender] (Danish), vazal [masculine] (Dutch), vasalo (Esperanto), vasalli (Finnish), vassal [masculine] (French), vasalo [masculine] (Galician), ვასალი (vasali) (Georgian), Vasall [masculine] (German), Lehnsmann [masculine] (German), Gefolgsmann [masculine] (German), Gefolgsleute [plural] (German), Höriger [masculine] (German), Klient [masculine] (German), hűbéres (Hungarian), vazallus (Hungarian), vasáilleach [masculine] (Irish), vassallo (Italian), 封臣 (hōshin) (alt: ほうしん) (Japanese), 幕臣 (bakushin) (alt: ばくしん) (Japanese), 봉신 (bongsin) (alt: 封臣) (Korean), cliēns [masculine] (Latin), ambactus [masculine] (Latin), vassallus [masculine] (Latin), ва́зал (vázal) [masculine] (Macedonian), jiulean (Manx), vassa [masculine] (Norman), wasal [masculine] (Polish), vassalo [masculine] (Portuguese), suyu runa (Quechua), васса́л (vassál) [masculine] (Russian), vazal [masculine] (Slovak), vazal [masculine] (Slovene), vasallo [masculine] (Spanish), vasall (Swedish), васа́л (vasál) [masculine] (Ukrainian), vasal (Volapük)
    Sense id: en-vassal-en-noun-8em0SVC0 Disambiguation of Feudalism: 2 44 27 7 18 2 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 38 21 18 18 4 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 1 40 26 10 20 3 Topics: law Disambiguation of 'grantee of a fief': 85 11 3
  2. (historical) Any direct subordinate bound by such vows to a superior. Tags: historical Categories (topical): Occupations Synonyms: subject, dependant, bondsman, villein, serf, helot, thrall, servant, slave Translations (servant): 附庸 (fùyōng) (Chinese Mandarin), 奴僕 (Chinese Mandarin), 奴仆 (núpú) (Chinese Mandarin), 僕從 (Chinese Mandarin), 仆从 (púcóng) (Chinese Mandarin), vasal [common-gender] (Danish), vasalo (Esperanto), vasalli (Finnish), vassal [masculine] (French), vasalo [masculine] (Galician), servo [masculine] (Galician), ვასალი (vasali) (Georgian), Vasall [masculine] (German), Gefolgsmann [masculine] (German), Lakai [masculine] (German), Dienstmann [masculine] (German), Büttel [masculine] (German), Entourage [plural] (German), Scherge [masculine] (German), Handlanger [masculine] (German), Hucker [masculine] (German), csatlós (Hungarian), szolga (Hungarian), alattvaló (Hungarian), vasalo (Ido), vasáilleach [masculine] (Irish), seirbhíseach [masculine] (Irish), 家臣 (kashin) (alt: かしん) (Japanese), 臣下 (shinka) (alt: しんか) (Japanese), servus [masculine] (Latin), ambactus [masculine] (Latin), слу́га (slúga) [masculine] (Macedonian), ва́зал (vázal) [masculine] (Macedonian), awhenga (Maori), wheteke (Maori), vassa [Jersey, masculine] (Norman), vassalo [masculine] (Portuguese), servo [masculine] (Portuguese), васса́л (vassál) [masculine] (Russian), vasallo [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-vassal-en-noun-EHJYgcYe Disambiguation of Occupations: 17 21 28 13 10 10 Disambiguation of 'servant': 10 81 9
  3. (figurative) Any subordinate bound by similar close ties. Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-vassal-en-noun-Q1xXM~7K
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: vasal [rare] Related terms: valet, varlet

Verb [English]

IPA: /ˈvæsəl/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav [Southern-England] Forms: vassals [present, singular, third-person], vassaling [participle, present], vassalling [participle, present], vassaled [participle, past], vassaled [past], vassalled [participle, past], vassalled [past]
Rhymes: -æsəl Etymology: From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|vassal}} Middle English vassal, {{der|en|fro|vassal|}} Old French vassal, {{der|en|ML.|vassallus||manservant, domestic, retainer}} Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), {{der|en|la|vassus||servant}} Latin vassus (“servant”), {{der|en|cel-gau|*wassos||young man, squire}} Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), {{der|en|cel-pro|*wastos||servant}} Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”), {{cog|sga|foss}} Old Irish foss, {{cog|cy|gwas}} Welsh gwas Head templates: {{en-verb|past2=vassalled|pres_ptc2=vassalling}} vassal (third-person singular simple present vassals, present participle vassaling or vassalling, simple past and past participle vassaled or vassalled)
  1. (transitive) To treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-vassal-en-verb-9C5XoipG
  2. (transitive) To subordinate to someone or something. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-vassal-en-verb-KqNhMefB
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: vasal [rare] Translations: orjuuttaa (Finnish), vassaliser (French), szolgasorba/szolgaságba dönt (Hungarian), alávet (Hungarian), avasallar (Spanish)

Adjective [French]

IPA: /va.sal/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-vassal.wav Forms: vassale [feminine], vassaux [masculine, plural], vassales [feminine, plural]
Etymology: From Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas). Etymology templates: {{der|fr|fro|vassal|}} Old French vassal, {{der|fr|ML.|vassallus||manservant, domestic, retainer}} Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), {{der|fr|la|vassus||servant}} Latin vassus (“servant”), {{der|fr|cel-gau|*wassos||young man, squire}} Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), {{der|fr|cel-pro|*wastos||servant}} Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”), {{cog|sga|foss}} Old Irish foss, {{cog|cy|gwas}} Welsh gwas Head templates: {{fr-adj}} vassal (feminine vassale, masculine plural vassaux, feminine plural vassales)
  1. vassal
    Sense id: en-vassal-fr-adj-zZkONQbA Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 42 58

Noun [French]

IPA: /va.sal/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-vassal.wav Forms: vassaux [plural], vassale [feminine]
Etymology: From Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas). Etymology templates: {{der|fr|fro|vassal|}} Old French vassal, {{der|fr|ML.|vassallus||manservant, domestic, retainer}} Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), {{der|fr|la|vassus||servant}} Latin vassus (“servant”), {{der|fr|cel-gau|*wassos||young man, squire}} Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), {{der|fr|cel-pro|*wastos||servant}} Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”), {{cog|sga|foss}} Old Irish foss, {{cog|cy|gwas}} Welsh gwas Head templates: {{fr-noun|m|f=+}} vassal m (plural vassaux, feminine vassale)
  1. a vassal Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-vassal-fr-noun-WViMtp62 Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 42 58

Noun [Hungarian]

IPA: [ˈvɒʃːɒl]
Etymology: vas (“iron”) + -val (“with”, instrumental case suffix) Etymology templates: {{af|hu|vas|-val|nocat=y|pos2=instrumental case suffix|t1=iron|t2=with}} vas (“iron”) + -val (“with”, instrumental case suffix) Head templates: {{head|hu|noun form}} vassal
  1. instrumental singular of vas Tags: form-of, instrumental, singular Form of: vas Derived forms: tűzzel-vassal
    Sense id: en-vassal-hu-noun-c6E2V~B- Categories (other): Hungarian entries with incorrect language header

Noun [Middle English]

IPA: /ˈvasal/ Forms: vassalles [plural]
Etymology: From Old French vassal. Etymology templates: {{bor|enm|fro|vassal}} Old French vassal Head templates: {{head|enm|nouns|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} vassal, {{enm-noun|vassalles}} vassal (plural vassalles)
  1. A feudal retainer, who is obliged to render military service.
    Sense id: en-vassal-enm-noun-1zuIiG7Q Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 83 2 15
  2. A servant to one’s beloved, professed lover.
    Sense id: en-vassal-enm-noun-adxx8UDh
  3. As surname.
    Sense id: en-vassal-enm-noun-yhWURDD~
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: vassall

Noun [Old French]

Forms: vassal oblique singular or [canonical, masculine], vassaus [oblique, plural], vassax [oblique, plural], vassals [oblique, plural], vassaus [nominative, singular], vassax [nominative, singular], vassals [nominative, singular], vassal [nominative, plural]
Head templates: {{fro-noun|m}} vassal oblique singular, m (oblique plural vassaus or vassax or vassals, nominative singular vassaus or vassax or vassals, nominative plural vassal)
  1. vassal
    Sense id: en-vassal-fro-noun-zZkONQbA Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for vassal meaning in All languages combined (31.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "envassal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vassalage"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vassaldom"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vassaless"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vassalhood"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vassalic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vassal-in-chief"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vassalize"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vassalry"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vassalship"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vassal state"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "vassal"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English vassal",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vassal",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vassal",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "vassallus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vassus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "*wassos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "young man, squire"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*wastos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "foss"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish foss",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwas"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwas",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vassals",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "vassal (plural vassals)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "valet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "varlet"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Law",
          "orig": "en:Law",
          "parents": [
            "Justice",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 38 21 18 18 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 40 26 10 20 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 44 27 7 18 2",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Feudalism",
          "orig": "en:Feudalism",
          "parents": [
            "Forms of government",
            "Government",
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The manor's vassals owed first fruits and a tithe to the parish church, another 10% to the lord (including at least 50 eels), a week or two each year of service in the manor's upkeep, and service in the local fyrd.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service."
      ],
      "id": "en-vassal-en-noun-8em0SVC0",
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "grantee",
          "grantee"
        ],
        [
          "fief",
          "fief"
        ],
        [
          "subordinate",
          "subordinate"
        ],
        [
          "grant",
          "grant"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use"
        ],
        [
          "superior",
          "superior"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "income",
          "income"
        ],
        [
          "in exchange for",
          "in exchange for"
        ],
        [
          "vow",
          "vow"
        ],
        [
          "fidelity",
          "fidelity"
        ],
        [
          "homage",
          "homage"
        ],
        [
          "typically",
          "typically"
        ],
        [
          "military service",
          "military service"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical, law) The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "feudatory"
        },
        {
          "word": "feudal tenant"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "vasal",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "վասալ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "vasál",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "васа́л"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "vasál",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "васа́л"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "fēngchén",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "封臣"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vazal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "vasal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vazal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "vasalo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "vasalli"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vassal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vasalo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "vasali",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "ვასალი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Vasall"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Lehnsmann"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Gefolgsmann"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "Gefolgsleute"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Höriger"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Klient"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "hűbéres"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "vazallus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vasáilleach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "vassallo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "alt": "ほうしん",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "hōshin",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "封臣"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "alt": "ばくしん",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "bakushin",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "幕臣"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "alt": "封臣",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "bongsin",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "봉신"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cliēns"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ambactus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vassallus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "vázal",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ва́зал"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "gv",
          "lang": "Manx",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "jiulean"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vassa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "wasal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vassalo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "qu",
          "lang": "Quechua",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "suyu runa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vassál",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "васса́л"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vazal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vazal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vasallo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "vasall"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "vasál",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "васа́л"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 11 3",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "grantee of a fief",
          "word": "vasal"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 21 28 13 10 10",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "en:Occupations",
          "parents": [
            "People",
            "Work",
            "Human",
            "Human activity",
            "All topics",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The king ordered his vassals to join him on the crusade unless they had a written note signed by the archbishop or pope.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any direct subordinate bound by such vows to a superior."
      ],
      "id": "en-vassal-en-noun-EHJYgcYe",
      "links": [
        [
          "direct",
          "direct"
        ],
        [
          "subordinate",
          "subordinate"
        ],
        [
          "bound",
          "bound"
        ],
        [
          "such",
          "such"
        ],
        [
          "vow",
          "vow"
        ],
        [
          "superior",
          "superior"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Any direct subordinate bound by such vows to a superior."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "subject"
        },
        {
          "word": "dependant"
        },
        {
          "word": "bondsman"
        },
        {
          "word": "villein"
        },
        {
          "word": "serf"
        },
        {
          "word": "helot"
        },
        {
          "word": "thrall"
        },
        {
          "word": "servant"
        },
        {
          "word": "slave"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "fùyōng",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "附庸"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "奴僕"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "núpú",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "奴仆"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "僕從"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "púcóng",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "仆从"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "vasal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "vasalo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "vasalli"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vassal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vasalo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "servo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "vasali",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "ვასალი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Vasall"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Gefolgsmann"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Lakai"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Dienstmann"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Büttel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "Entourage"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Scherge"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Handlanger"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Hucker"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "csatlós"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "szolga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "alattvaló"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "vasalo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vasáilleach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "seirbhíseach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "alt": "かしん",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kashin",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "家臣"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "alt": "しんか",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shinka",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "臣下"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "servus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ambactus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "slúga",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "слу́га"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "vázal",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ва́зал"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "awhenga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "servant",
          "word": "wheteke"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "Jersey",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vassa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vassalo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "servo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vassál",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "васса́л"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "10 81 9",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "servant",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vasallo"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any subordinate bound by similar close ties."
      ],
      "id": "en-vassal-en-noun-Q1xXM~7K",
      "links": [
        [
          "subordinate",
          "subordinate"
        ],
        [
          "bound",
          "bound"
        ],
        [
          "similar",
          "similar"
        ],
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ],
        [
          "tie",
          "tie"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) Any subordinate bound by similar close ties."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æsəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "vasal"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "vassal"
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "vassal"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English vassal",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vassal",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vassal",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "vassallus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vassus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "*wassos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "young man, squire"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*wastos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "foss"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish foss",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwas"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwas",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "vassal (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Resembling a vassal; slavish; servile."
      ],
      "id": "en-vassal-en-adj--vcHSo9v",
      "links": [
        [
          "slavish",
          "slavish"
        ],
        [
          "servile",
          "servile"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "vasalski",
          "word": "васалски"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "word": "alamainen"
        },
        {
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "vasaluri",
          "word": "ვასალური"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "word": "hűbéresi"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "word": "vazallusi"
        },
        {
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "word": "szolgai"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "word": "vasáilleach"
        },
        {
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "word": "seirbhíseach"
        },
        {
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "vázalski",
          "word": "ва́залски"
        },
        {
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "vázalen",
          "word": "ва́зален"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æsəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "vasal"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "vassal"
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "vassal"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English vassal",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vassal",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vassal",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "vassallus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vassus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "*wassos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "young man, squire"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*wastos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "foss"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish foss",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwas"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwas",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vassals",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassaling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassalling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassaled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassaled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassalled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassalled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "past2": "vassalled",
        "pres_ptc2": "vassalling"
      },
      "expansion": "vassal (third-person singular simple present vassals, present participle vassaling or vassalling, simple past and past participle vassaled or vassalled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave."
      ],
      "id": "en-vassal-en-verb-9C5XoipG",
      "links": [
        [
          "treat",
          "treat"
        ],
        [
          "reduce",
          "reduce"
        ],
        [
          "enslave",
          "enslave"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To subordinate to someone or something."
      ],
      "id": "en-vassal-en-verb-KqNhMefB",
      "links": [
        [
          "subordinate",
          "subordinate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To subordinate to someone or something."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æsəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "vasal"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "word": "orjuuttaa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "word": "vassaliser"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "word": "szolgasorba/szolgaságba dönt"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "word": "avasallar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "word": "alávet"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "vassal"
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vassal",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vassal",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "vassallus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vassus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "*wassos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "young man, squire"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*wastos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "foss"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish foss",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwas"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwas",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vassale",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassaux",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassales",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "vassal (feminine vassale, masculine plural vassaux, feminine plural vassales)",
      "name": "fr-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vassal"
      ],
      "id": "en-vassal-fr-adj-zZkONQbA",
      "links": [
        [
          "vassal",
          "vassal#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/va.sal/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-vassal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "vasal",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Danish: vasal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Danish: vasal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "васса́л",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: васса́л (vassál)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: васса́л (vassál) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vassal",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vassal",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "vassallus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vassus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "*wassos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "young man, squire"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*wastos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "foss"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish foss",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwas"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwas",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vassaux",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassale",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "f": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "vassal m (plural vassaux, feminine vassale)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a vassal"
      ],
      "id": "en-vassal-fr-noun-WViMtp62",
      "links": [
        [
          "vassal",
          "vassal#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/va.sal/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-vassal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "vas",
        "3": "-val",
        "nocat": "y",
        "pos2": "instrumental case suffix",
        "t1": "iron",
        "t2": "with"
      },
      "expansion": "vas (“iron”) + -val (“with”, instrumental case suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "vas (“iron”) + -val (“with”, instrumental case suffix)",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "vassal",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "vas‧sal"
  ],
  "lang": "Hungarian",
  "lang_code": "hu",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "tűzzel-vassal"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "vas"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "instrumental singular of vas"
      ],
      "id": "en-vassal-hu-noun-c6E2V~B-",
      "links": [
        [
          "vas",
          "vas#Hungarian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈvɒʃːɒl]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "vassal"
          },
          "expansion": "English: vassal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: vassal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "vassale"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: vassale",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: vassale"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vassal"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vassal",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French vassal.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vassalles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "vassal",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vassalles"
      },
      "expansion": "vassal (plural vassalles)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "83 2 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A feudal retainer, who is obliged to render military service."
      ],
      "id": "en-vassal-enm-noun-1zuIiG7Q",
      "links": [
        [
          "retainer",
          "retainer"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A servant to one’s beloved, professed lover."
      ],
      "id": "en-vassal-enm-noun-adxx8UDh",
      "links": [
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ],
        [
          "lover",
          "lover"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "As surname."
      ],
      "id": "en-vassal-enm-noun-yhWURDD~"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvasal/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "vassall"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "vassal"
          },
          "expansion": "French: vassal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: vassal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nrf",
            "2": "vassa"
          },
          "expansion": "Norman: vassa",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Jersey"
          },
          "expansion": "(Jersey)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norman: vassa (Jersey)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "vassal",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: vassal, vassall\nEnglish: vassal\nYola: vassale",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: vassal, vassall\nEnglish: vassal\nYola: vassale"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vassal oblique singular or",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassaus",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassax",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassals",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassaus",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassax",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassals",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassal",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "vassal oblique singular, m (oblique plural vassaus or vassax or vassals, nominative singular vassaus or vassax or vassals, nominative plural vassal)",
      "name": "fro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vassal"
      ],
      "id": "en-vassal-fro-noun-zZkONQbA",
      "links": [
        [
          "vassal",
          "vassal#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Gaulish",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English verbs",
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Rhymes:English/æsəl",
    "Rhymes:English/æsəl/2 syllables",
    "en:Feudalism",
    "en:Occupations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "envassal"
    },
    {
      "word": "vassalage"
    },
    {
      "word": "vassaldom"
    },
    {
      "word": "vassaless"
    },
    {
      "word": "vassalhood"
    },
    {
      "word": "vassalic"
    },
    {
      "word": "vassal-in-chief"
    },
    {
      "word": "vassalize"
    },
    {
      "word": "vassalry"
    },
    {
      "word": "vassalship"
    },
    {
      "word": "vassal state"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "vassal"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English vassal",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vassal",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vassal",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "vassallus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vassus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "*wassos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "young man, squire"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*wastos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "foss"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish foss",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwas"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwas",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vassals",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "vassal (plural vassals)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "valet"
    },
    {
      "word": "varlet"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "en:Law"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The manor's vassals owed first fruits and a tithe to the parish church, another 10% to the lord (including at least 50 eels), a week or two each year of service in the manor's upkeep, and service in the local fyrd.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "law",
          "law#English"
        ],
        [
          "grantee",
          "grantee"
        ],
        [
          "fief",
          "fief"
        ],
        [
          "subordinate",
          "subordinate"
        ],
        [
          "grant",
          "grant"
        ],
        [
          "use",
          "use"
        ],
        [
          "superior",
          "superior"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ],
        [
          "income",
          "income"
        ],
        [
          "in exchange for",
          "in exchange for"
        ],
        [
          "vow",
          "vow"
        ],
        [
          "fidelity",
          "fidelity"
        ],
        [
          "homage",
          "homage"
        ],
        [
          "typically",
          "typically"
        ],
        [
          "military service",
          "military service"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical, law) The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "feudatory"
        },
        {
          "word": "feudal tenant"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "law"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The king ordered his vassals to join him on the crusade unless they had a written note signed by the archbishop or pope.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any direct subordinate bound by such vows to a superior."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "direct",
          "direct"
        ],
        [
          "subordinate",
          "subordinate"
        ],
        [
          "bound",
          "bound"
        ],
        [
          "such",
          "such"
        ],
        [
          "vow",
          "vow"
        ],
        [
          "superior",
          "superior"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Any direct subordinate bound by such vows to a superior."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "subject"
        },
        {
          "word": "dependant"
        },
        {
          "word": "bondsman"
        },
        {
          "word": "villein"
        },
        {
          "word": "serf"
        },
        {
          "word": "helot"
        },
        {
          "word": "thrall"
        },
        {
          "word": "servant"
        },
        {
          "word": "slave"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any subordinate bound by similar close ties."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "subordinate",
          "subordinate"
        ],
        [
          "bound",
          "bound"
        ],
        [
          "similar",
          "similar"
        ],
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ],
        [
          "tie",
          "tie"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) Any subordinate bound by similar close ties."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æsəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "vasal"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "vasal",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "վասալ"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "vasál",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "васа́л"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "vasál",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "васа́л"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "fēngchén",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "封臣"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vazal"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "vasal"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vazal"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "vasalo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "vasalli"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vassal"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vasalo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "vasali",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "ვასალი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Vasall"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Lehnsmann"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Gefolgsmann"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "Gefolgsleute"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Höriger"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Klient"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "hűbéres"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "vazallus"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vasáilleach"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "vassallo"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ほうしん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "hōshin",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "封臣"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ばくしん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "bakushin",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "幕臣"
    },
    {
      "alt": "封臣",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "bongsin",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "봉신"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cliēns"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ambactus"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vassallus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "vázal",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ва́зал"
    },
    {
      "code": "gv",
      "lang": "Manx",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "jiulean"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vassa"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "wasal"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vassalo"
    },
    {
      "code": "qu",
      "lang": "Quechua",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "suyu runa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vassál",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "васса́л"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vazal"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vazal"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vasallo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "vasall"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "vasál",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "васа́л"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "grantee of a fief",
      "word": "vasal"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "fùyōng",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "附庸"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "奴僕"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "núpú",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "奴仆"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "僕從"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "púcóng",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "仆从"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "vasal"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "vasalo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "vasalli"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vassal"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vasalo"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "servo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "vasali",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "ვასალი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Vasall"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Gefolgsmann"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Lakai"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Dienstmann"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Büttel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "Entourage"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Scherge"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Handlanger"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Hucker"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "csatlós"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "szolga"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "alattvaló"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "vasalo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vasáilleach"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "seirbhíseach"
    },
    {
      "alt": "かしん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kashin",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "家臣"
    },
    {
      "alt": "しんか",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shinka",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "臣下"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "servus"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ambactus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "slúga",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "слу́га"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "vázal",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ва́зал"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "awhenga"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "servant",
      "word": "wheteke"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "Jersey",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vassa"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vassalo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "servo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vassál",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "васса́л"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "servant",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vasallo"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "vassal"
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Gaulish",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English verbs",
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Rhymes:English/æsəl",
    "Rhymes:English/æsəl/2 syllables",
    "en:Feudalism",
    "en:Occupations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "vassal"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English vassal",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vassal",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vassal",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "vassallus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vassus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "*wassos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "young man, squire"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*wastos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "foss"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish foss",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwas"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwas",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "vassal (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Resembling a vassal; slavish; servile."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "slavish",
          "slavish"
        ],
        [
          "servile",
          "servile"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æsəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "vasal"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "vasalski",
      "word": "васалски"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "word": "alamainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "vasaluri",
      "word": "ვასალური"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "word": "hűbéresi"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "word": "vazallusi"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "word": "szolgai"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "word": "vasáilleach"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "word": "seirbhíseach"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "vázalski",
      "word": "ва́залски"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "vázalen",
      "word": "ва́зален"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "vassal"
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Gaulish",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English verbs",
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Rhymes:English/æsəl",
    "Rhymes:English/æsəl/2 syllables",
    "en:Feudalism",
    "en:Occupations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "vassal"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English vassal",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vassal",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vassal",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "vassallus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vassus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "*wassos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "young man, squire"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*wastos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "foss"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish foss",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwas"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwas",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vassals",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassaling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassalling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassaled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassaled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassalled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassalled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "past2": "vassalled",
        "pres_ptc2": "vassalling"
      },
      "expansion": "vassal (third-person singular simple present vassals, present participle vassaling or vassalling, simple past and past participle vassaled or vassalled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "treat",
          "treat"
        ],
        [
          "reduce",
          "reduce"
        ],
        [
          "enslave",
          "enslave"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To subordinate to someone or something."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "subordinate",
          "subordinate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To subordinate to someone or something."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-æsəl"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ],
      "word": "vasal"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "word": "orjuuttaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "word": "vassaliser"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "word": "szolgasorba/szolgaságba dönt"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "word": "avasallar"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "word": "vassaliser"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "word": "alávet"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "word": "avasallar"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "vassal"
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French adjectives",
    "French countable nouns",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French masculine nouns",
    "French nouns",
    "French terms derived from Gaulish",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vassal",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vassal",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "vassallus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vassus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "*wassos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "young man, squire"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*wastos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "foss"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish foss",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwas"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwas",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vassale",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassaux",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassales",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "vassal (feminine vassale, masculine plural vassaux, feminine plural vassales)",
      "name": "fr-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "vassal"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vassal",
          "vassal#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/va.sal/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-vassal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French adjectives",
    "French countable nouns",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French lemmas",
    "French masculine nouns",
    "French nouns",
    "French terms derived from Gaulish",
    "French terms derived from Latin",
    "French terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "vasal",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Danish: vasal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Danish: vasal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "васса́л",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: васса́л (vassál)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: васса́л (vassál) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vassal",
        "4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vassal",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "vassallus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vassus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "cel-gau",
        "3": "*wassos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "young man, squire"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*wastos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "servant"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "foss"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish foss",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "gwas"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh gwas",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vassaux",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassale",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "f": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "vassal m (plural vassaux, feminine vassale)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a vassal"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vassal",
          "vassal#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/va.sal/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-vassal.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vassal.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "tűzzel-vassal"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "vas",
        "3": "-val",
        "nocat": "y",
        "pos2": "instrumental case suffix",
        "t1": "iron",
        "t2": "with"
      },
      "expansion": "vas (“iron”) + -val (“with”, instrumental case suffix)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "vas (“iron”) + -val (“with”, instrumental case suffix)",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "noun form"
      },
      "expansion": "vassal",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "vas‧sal"
  ],
  "lang": "Hungarian",
  "lang_code": "hu",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Hungarian non-lemma forms",
        "Hungarian noun forms",
        "Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "vas"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "instrumental singular of vas"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vas",
          "vas#Hungarian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈvɒʃːɒl]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "vassal"
          },
          "expansion": "English: vassal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: vassal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "vassale"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: vassale",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: vassale"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "vassal"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French vassal",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French vassal.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vassalles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "vassal",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vassalles"
      },
      "expansion": "vassal (plural vassalles)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A feudal retainer, who is obliged to render military service."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "retainer",
          "retainer"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A servant to one’s beloved, professed lover."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ],
        [
          "lover",
          "lover"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "As surname."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈvasal/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "vassall"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "vassal"
          },
          "expansion": "French: vassal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: vassal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nrf",
            "2": "vassa"
          },
          "expansion": "Norman: vassa",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "Jersey"
          },
          "expansion": "(Jersey)",
          "name": "qualifier"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norman: vassa (Jersey)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "vassal",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: vassal, vassall\nEnglish: vassal\nYola: vassale",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: vassal, vassall\nEnglish: vassal\nYola: vassale"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "vassal oblique singular or",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassaus",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassax",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassals",
      "tags": [
        "oblique",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassaus",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassax",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassals",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vassal",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "vassal oblique singular, m (oblique plural vassaus or vassax or vassals, nominative singular vassaus or vassax or vassals, nominative plural vassal)",
      "name": "fro-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old French lemmas",
        "Old French masculine nouns",
        "Old French nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "vassal"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vassal",
          "vassal#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "vassal"
}
{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1936",
  "msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": shogunate retainer vs. bakushin",
  "path": [
    "vassal"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "vassal",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
  "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'vassal oblique singular or', originally 'vassal oblique singular or m'",
  "path": [
    "vassal"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "vassal",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
  "msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'vassal oblique singular or', originally 'vassal oblique singular or m'",
  "path": [
    "vassal"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "vassal",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'vassal oblique singular or' in 'vassal oblique singular, m (oblique plural vassaus or vassax or vassals, nominative singular vassaus or vassax or vassals, nominative plural vassal)'",
  "path": [
    "vassal"
  ],
  "section": "Old French",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "vassal",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/2517",
  "msg": "UNIMPLEMENTED parse_translation_template: trans-top-see {1: 'resembling a vassal; slavish; servile', 2: 'slavish', 3: 'servile'}",
  "path": [
    "vassal",
    "trans-top-see"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "vassal",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/2517",
  "msg": "UNIMPLEMENTED parse_translation_template: trans-top-see {1: 'to treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave', 2: 'enslave'}",
  "path": [
    "vassal",
    "trans-top-see"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "vassal",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/2517",
  "msg": "UNIMPLEMENTED parse_translation_template: trans-top-see {1: 'to subordinate to someone or something', 2: 'subordinate'}",
  "path": [
    "vassal",
    "trans-top-see"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "vassal",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.