See vassal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "envassal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassalage"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassaldom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassaless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassalhood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassal-in-chief"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassalize"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassalry"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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"3": "vassal"
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"4": ""
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "vassallus",
"4": "",
"5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "vassus",
"4": "",
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"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*wassos",
"4": "",
"5": "young man, squire"
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{
"args": {
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"4": "",
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"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Old Irish foss",
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{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwas"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwas",
"name": "cog"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
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"tags": [
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"ref": "2002, Marc Bloch, Feudal Society: Vol 2: Social Classes and Political Organisation, page 38:",
"text": "It was superimposed on rules of conduct evolved at an earlier date as the spontaneous expression of class consciousness; rules that pertained to the fealty of vassals (the transition appears clearly, towards the end of the eleventh century, in the Book of the Christian Life by Bishop Bonizo of Sutri, for whom the knight is, first and foremost, an enfeoffed vassal ) and constituted above all a class code of noble and 'courteous' people.",
"type": "quote"
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{
"text": "The manor's vassals owed first fruits and a tithe to the parish church, another 10% to the lord (including at least 50 eels), a week or two each year of service in the manor's upkeep, and service in the local fyrd.",
"type": "example"
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"glosses": [
"The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service."
],
"id": "en-vassal-en-noun-8em0SVC0",
"links": [
[
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[
"grantee",
"grantee"
],
[
"fief",
"fief"
],
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
],
[
"grant",
"grant"
],
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"superior",
"superior"
],
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"income",
"income"
],
[
"in exchange for",
"in exchange for"
],
[
"vow",
"vow"
],
[
"fidelity",
"fidelity"
],
[
"homage",
"homage"
],
[
"typically",
"typically"
],
[
"military service",
"military service"
]
],
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"(historical, law) The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "feudatory"
},
{
"word": "feudal tenant"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "vasal",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "վասալ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vasál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васа́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vasál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васа́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēngchén",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "封臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vasal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasalli"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vasali",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "ვასალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vasall"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Lehnsmann"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gefolgsmann"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Gefolgsleute"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Höriger"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Klient"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "hűbéres"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vazallus"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasáilleach"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vassallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"alt": "ほうしん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hōshin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "封臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"alt": "ばくしん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bakushin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "幕臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"alt": "封臣",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bongsin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "봉신"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cliēns"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ambactus"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassallus"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázal",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ва́зал"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "jiulean"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassa"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wasal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "suyu runa"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vassál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васса́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasall"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vasál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васа́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 10 5",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasal"
}
]
},
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"examples": [
{
"text": "The king ordered his vassals to join him on the crusade unless they had a written note signed by the archbishop or pope.",
"type": "example"
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"glosses": [
"Any direct subordinate bound by such vows to a superior."
],
"id": "en-vassal-en-noun-EHJYgcYe",
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
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[
"bound",
"bound"
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[
"such",
"such"
],
[
"vow",
"vow"
],
[
"superior",
"superior"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Any direct subordinate bound by such vows to a superior."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "subject"
},
{
"word": "dependant"
},
{
"word": "bondsman"
},
{
"word": "villein"
},
{
"word": "serf"
},
{
"word": "helot"
},
{
"word": "thrall"
},
{
"word": "servant"
},
{
"word": "slave"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fùyōng",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "附庸"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "奴僕"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "núpú",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "奴仆"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "僕從"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "púcóng",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "仆从"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vasal"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "vasalli"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassal"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vasali",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "ვასალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vasall"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gefolgsmann"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Lakai"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dienstmann"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Büttel"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Entourage"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Scherge"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Handlanger"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hucker"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "csatlós"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "szolga"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "alattvaló"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasáilleach"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seirbhíseach"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"alt": "かしん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kashin",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "家臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"alt": "しんか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shinka",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "臣下"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servus"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ambactus"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "slúga",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слу́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázal",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ва́зал"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "awhenga"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "wheteke"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassa"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vassál",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васса́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasallo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 32 26 15 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 30 24 17 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 33 26 17 9 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 24 29 14 6 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "The vassals of his anger.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any subordinate bound by similar close ties."
],
"id": "en-vassal-en-noun-Q1xXM~7K",
"links": [
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
],
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"tie",
"tie"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any subordinate bound by similar close ties."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-æsəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "vasal"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"vassal"
],
"word": "vassal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vassal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vassal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vassal",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French vassal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "vassallus",
"4": "",
"5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vassus",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*wassos",
"4": "",
"5": "young man, squire"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wastos",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "foss"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish foss",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwas"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "vassal (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 24 29 14 6 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:",
"text": "Did they, quoth you? / Who sees the heavenly Rosaline / That, like a rude and savage man of Inde / At the first opening of the gorgeous east / Bows not his vassal head and strucken blind / Kisses the base ground with obedient breast?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Resembling a vassal; slavish; servile."
],
"id": "en-vassal-en-adj--vcHSo9v",
"links": [
[
"slavish",
"slavish"
],
[
"servile",
"servile"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vasalski",
"word": "васалски"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"word": "alamainen"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vasaluri",
"word": "ვასალური"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "hűbéresi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "vazallusi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "szolgai"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"word": "vasáilleach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"word": "seirbhíseach"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázalski",
"word": "ва́залски"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázalen",
"word": "ва́зален"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æsəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "vasal"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "vassal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "vassal"
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"expansion": "Middle English vassal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vassal",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French vassal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "vassallus",
"4": "",
"5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vassus",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*wassos",
"4": "",
"5": "young man, squire"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wastos",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "foss"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish foss",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwas"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vassals",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vassaling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vassalling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vassaled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vassaled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vassalled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vassalled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"pres_ptc2": "vassalling"
},
"expansion": "vassal (third-person singular simple present vassals, present participle vassaling or vassalling, simple past and past participle vassaled or vassalled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 30 24 17 13 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave."
],
"id": "en-vassal-en-verb-9C5XoipG",
"links": [
[
"treat",
"treat"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"enslave",
"enslave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 24 29 14 6 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To subordinate to someone or something."
],
"id": "en-vassal-en-verb-KqNhMefB",
"links": [
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To subordinate to someone or something."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æsəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "vasal"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"word": "orjuuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"word": "vassaliser"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "szolgasorba/szolgaságba dönt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"word": "avasallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "alávet"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"vassal"
],
"word": "vassal"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Rhymes:English/æsəl",
"Rhymes:English/æsəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"en:Feudalism",
"en:Occupations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "envassal"
},
{
"word": "vassalage"
},
{
"word": "vassaldom"
},
{
"word": "vassaless"
},
{
"word": "vassalhood"
},
{
"word": "vassalic"
},
{
"word": "vassal-in-chief"
},
{
"word": "vassalize"
},
{
"word": "vassalry"
},
{
"word": "vassalship"
},
{
"word": "vassal state"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vassal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vassal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vassal",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French vassal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "vassallus",
"4": "",
"5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vassus",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*wassos",
"4": "",
"5": "young man, squire"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wastos",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "foss"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish foss",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwas"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vassals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vassal (plural vassals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "liegeman"
},
{
"word": "valet"
},
{
"word": "varlet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, Marc Bloch, Feudal Society: Vol 2: Social Classes and Political Organisation, page 38:",
"text": "It was superimposed on rules of conduct evolved at an earlier date as the spontaneous expression of class consciousness; rules that pertained to the fealty of vassals (the transition appears clearly, towards the end of the eleventh century, in the Book of the Christian Life by Bishop Bonizo of Sutri, for whom the knight is, first and foremost, an enfeoffed vassal ) and constituted above all a class code of noble and 'courteous' people.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "The manor's vassals owed first fruits and a tithe to the parish church, another 10% to the lord (including at least 50 eels), a week or two each year of service in the manor's upkeep, and service in the local fyrd.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"grantee",
"grantee"
],
[
"fief",
"fief"
],
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
],
[
"grant",
"grant"
],
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"superior",
"superior"
],
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"income",
"income"
],
[
"in exchange for",
"in exchange for"
],
[
"vow",
"vow"
],
[
"fidelity",
"fidelity"
],
[
"homage",
"homage"
],
[
"typically",
"typically"
],
[
"military service",
"military service"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, law) The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "feudatory"
},
{
"word": "feudal tenant"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The king ordered his vassals to join him on the crusade unless they had a written note signed by the archbishop or pope.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any direct subordinate bound by such vows to a superior."
],
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
],
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"such",
"such"
],
[
"vow",
"vow"
],
[
"superior",
"superior"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Any direct subordinate bound by such vows to a superior."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "subject"
},
{
"word": "dependant"
},
{
"word": "bondsman"
},
{
"word": "villein"
},
{
"word": "serf"
},
{
"word": "helot"
},
{
"word": "thrall"
},
{
"word": "servant"
},
{
"word": "slave"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "The vassals of his anger.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any subordinate bound by similar close ties."
],
"links": [
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
],
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"tie",
"tie"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any subordinate bound by similar close ties."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-æsəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "vasal"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "vasal",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "վասալ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vasál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васа́л"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vasál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васа́л"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēngchén",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "封臣"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vasal"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasalli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassal"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vasali",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "ვასალი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vasall"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Lehnsmann"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gefolgsmann"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Gefolgsleute"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Höriger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Klient"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "hűbéres"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vazallus"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasáilleach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vassallo"
},
{
"alt": "ほうしん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hōshin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "封臣"
},
{
"alt": "ばくしん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bakushin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "幕臣"
},
{
"alt": "封臣",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bongsin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "봉신"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cliēns"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ambactus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassallus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázal",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ва́зал"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "jiulean"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassa"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wasal"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassalo"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "suyu runa"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vassál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васса́л"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasallo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasall"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vasál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васа́л"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasal"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fùyōng",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "附庸"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "奴僕"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "núpú",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "奴仆"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "僕從"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "púcóng",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "仆从"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vasal"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "vasalli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassal"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vasali",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "ვასალი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vasall"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gefolgsmann"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Lakai"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dienstmann"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Büttel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Entourage"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Scherge"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Handlanger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hucker"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "csatlós"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "szolga"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "alattvaló"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasáilleach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seirbhíseach"
},
{
"alt": "かしん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kashin",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "家臣"
},
{
"alt": "しんか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shinka",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "臣下"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ambactus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "slúga",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слу́га"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázal",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ва́зал"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "awhenga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "wheteke"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassalo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vassál",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васса́л"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasallo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"vassal"
],
"word": "vassal"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
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"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
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"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Rhymes:English/æsəl",
"Rhymes:English/æsəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"en:Feudalism",
"en:Occupations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vassal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vassal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vassal",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French vassal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "vassallus",
"4": "",
"5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vassus",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*wassos",
"4": "",
"5": "young man, squire"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wastos",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "foss"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish foss",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwas"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "vassal (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:",
"text": "Did they, quoth you? / Who sees the heavenly Rosaline / That, like a rude and savage man of Inde / At the first opening of the gorgeous east / Bows not his vassal head and strucken blind / Kisses the base ground with obedient breast?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Resembling a vassal; slavish; servile."
],
"links": [
[
"slavish",
"slavish"
],
[
"servile",
"servile"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æsəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "vasal"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vasalski",
"word": "васалски"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"word": "alamainen"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vasaluri",
"word": "ვასალური"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "hűbéresi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "vazallusi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "szolgai"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"word": "vasáilleach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"word": "seirbhíseach"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázalski",
"word": "ва́залски"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázalen",
"word": "ва́зален"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"vassal"
],
"word": "vassal"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Rhymes:English/æsəl",
"Rhymes:English/æsəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Manx translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"en:Feudalism",
"en:Occupations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vassal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vassal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vassal",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French vassal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "vassallus",
"4": "",
"5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vassus",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*wassos",
"4": "",
"5": "young man, squire"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wastos",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "foss"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish foss",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwas"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vassals",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vassaling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vassalling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vassaled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vassaled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vassalled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vassalled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "vassalled",
"pres_ptc2": "vassalling"
},
"expansion": "vassal (third-person singular simple present vassals, present participle vassaling or vassalling, simple past and past participle vassaled or vassalled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave."
],
"links": [
[
"treat",
"treat"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"enslave",
"enslave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To subordinate to someone or something."
],
"links": [
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To subordinate to someone or something."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æsəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "vasal"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"word": "orjuuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"word": "vassaliser"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "szolgasorba/szolgaságba dönt"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"word": "avasallar"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"word": "vassaliser"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "alávet"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"word": "avasallar"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"vassal"
],
"word": "vassal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vassal meaning in English (26.2kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1936",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": shogunate retainer vs. bakushin",
"path": [
"vassal"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vassal",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2517",
"msg": "UNIMPLEMENTED parse_translation_template: trans-top-see {1: 'resembling a vassal; slavish; servile', 2: 'slavish', 3: 'servile'}",
"path": [
"vassal",
"Template:trans-top-see",
"TEMPLATE_FN"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "vassal",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2517",
"msg": "UNIMPLEMENTED parse_translation_template: trans-top-see {1: 'to treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave', 2: 'enslave'}",
"path": [
"vassal",
"Template:trans-top-see",
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],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "vassal",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2517",
"msg": "UNIMPLEMENTED parse_translation_template: trans-top-see {1: 'to subordinate to someone or something', 2: 'subordinate'}",
"path": [
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],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.