See vassal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for vassal meaning in English (22.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "envassal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassalage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassaldom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassaless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassalhood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassalic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassal-in-chief"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassalize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassalry"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassalship"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vassal state"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vassal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vassal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vassal",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French vassal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "vassallus",
"4": "",
"5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vassus",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*wassos",
"4": "",
"5": "young man, squire"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wastos",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "foss"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish foss",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwas"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vassals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vassal (plural vassals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "valet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "varlet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 38 21 18 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 40 26 10 20 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 44 27 7 18 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Feudalism",
"orig": "en:Feudalism",
"parents": [
"Forms of government",
"Government",
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The manor's vassals owed first fruits and a tithe to the parish church, another 10% to the lord (including at least 50 eels), a week or two each year of service in the manor's upkeep, and service in the local fyrd.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service."
],
"id": "en-vassal-en-noun-8em0SVC0",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"grantee",
"grantee"
],
[
"fief",
"fief"
],
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
],
[
"grant",
"grant"
],
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"superior",
"superior"
],
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"income",
"income"
],
[
"in exchange for",
"in exchange for"
],
[
"vow",
"vow"
],
[
"fidelity",
"fidelity"
],
[
"homage",
"homage"
],
[
"typically",
"typically"
],
[
"military service",
"military service"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, law) The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "feudatory"
},
{
"word": "feudal tenant"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "vasal",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "վասալ"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vasál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васа́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vasál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васа́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēngchén",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "封臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vasal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasalli"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vasali",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "ვასალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vasall"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Lehnsmann"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gefolgsmann"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Gefolgsleute"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Höriger"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Klient"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "hűbéres"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vazallus"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasáilleach"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vassallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"alt": "ほうしん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hōshin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "封臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"alt": "ばくしん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bakushin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "幕臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"alt": "封臣",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bongsin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "봉신"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cliēns"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ambactus"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassallus"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázal",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ва́зал"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "jiulean"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassa"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wasal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "suyu runa"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vassál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васса́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasall"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vasál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васа́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 11 3",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasal"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 21 28 13 10 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Occupations",
"orig": "en:Occupations",
"parents": [
"People",
"Work",
"Human",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The king ordered his vassals to join him on the crusade unless they had a written note signed by the archbishop or pope.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any direct subordinate bound by such vows to a superior."
],
"id": "en-vassal-en-noun-EHJYgcYe",
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
],
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"such",
"such"
],
[
"vow",
"vow"
],
[
"superior",
"superior"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Any direct subordinate bound by such vows to a superior."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "subject"
},
{
"word": "dependant"
},
{
"word": "bondsman"
},
{
"word": "villein"
},
{
"word": "serf"
},
{
"word": "helot"
},
{
"word": "thrall"
},
{
"word": "servant"
},
{
"word": "slave"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fùyōng",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "附庸"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "奴僕"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "núpú",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "奴仆"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "僕從"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "púcóng",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "仆从"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vasal"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "vasalli"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassal"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vasali",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "ვასალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vasall"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gefolgsmann"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Lakai"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dienstmann"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Büttel"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Entourage"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Scherge"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Handlanger"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hucker"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "csatlós"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "szolga"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "alattvaló"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasáilleach"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seirbhíseach"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"alt": "かしん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kashin",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "家臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"alt": "しんか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shinka",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "臣下"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servus"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ambactus"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "slúga",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слу́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázal",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ва́зал"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "awhenga"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "wheteke"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassa"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vassál",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васса́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 81 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasallo"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any subordinate bound by similar close ties."
],
"id": "en-vassal-en-noun-Q1xXM~7K",
"links": [
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
],
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"tie",
"tie"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any subordinate bound by similar close ties."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æsəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "vasal"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"vassal"
],
"word": "vassal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"3": "vassal"
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"expansion": "Middle English vassal",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vassal",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French vassal",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ML.",
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"4": "",
"5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
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},
{
"args": {
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},
{
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
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},
"expansion": "Old Irish foss",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwas"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "vassal (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Resembling a vassal; slavish; servile."
],
"id": "en-vassal-en-adj--vcHSo9v",
"links": [
[
"slavish",
"slavish"
],
[
"servile",
"servile"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vasalski",
"word": "васалски"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"word": "alamainen"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vasaluri",
"word": "ვასალური"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "hűbéresi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "vazallusi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "szolgai"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"word": "vasáilleach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"word": "seirbhíseach"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázalski",
"word": "ва́залски"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázalen",
"word": "ва́зален"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æsəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
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"word": "vasal"
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],
"word": "vassal"
}
{
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"expansion": "Middle English vassal",
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vassal",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French vassal",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ML.",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
"expansion": "Old Irish foss",
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{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwas"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vassals",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vassaling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vassalling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vassaled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vassaled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vassalled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vassalled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "vassalled",
"pres_ptc2": "vassalling"
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"expansion": "vassal (third-person singular simple present vassals, present participle vassaling or vassalling, simple past and past participle vassaled or vassalled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave."
],
"id": "en-vassal-en-verb-9C5XoipG",
"links": [
[
"treat",
"treat"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"enslave",
"enslave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To subordinate to someone or something."
],
"id": "en-vassal-en-verb-KqNhMefB",
"links": [
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To subordinate to someone or something."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æsəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "vasal"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"word": "orjuuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"word": "vassaliser"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "szolgasorba/szolgaságba dönt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"word": "avasallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "alávet"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"vassal"
],
"word": "vassal"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Rhymes:English/æsəl",
"Rhymes:English/æsəl/2 syllables",
"en:Feudalism",
"en:Occupations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "envassal"
},
{
"word": "vassalage"
},
{
"word": "vassaldom"
},
{
"word": "vassaless"
},
{
"word": "vassalhood"
},
{
"word": "vassalic"
},
{
"word": "vassal-in-chief"
},
{
"word": "vassalize"
},
{
"word": "vassalry"
},
{
"word": "vassalship"
},
{
"word": "vassal state"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "vassal"
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"expansion": "Middle English vassal",
"name": "inh"
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vassal",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French vassal",
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},
{
"args": {
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"3": "vassallus",
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{
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{
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwas"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vassals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "vassal (plural vassals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "valet"
},
{
"word": "varlet"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The manor's vassals owed first fruits and a tithe to the parish church, another 10% to the lord (including at least 50 eels), a week or two each year of service in the manor's upkeep, and service in the local fyrd.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"grantee",
"grantee"
],
[
"fief",
"fief"
],
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
],
[
"grant",
"grant"
],
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"superior",
"superior"
],
[
"land",
"land"
],
[
"income",
"income"
],
[
"in exchange for",
"in exchange for"
],
[
"vow",
"vow"
],
[
"fidelity",
"fidelity"
],
[
"homage",
"homage"
],
[
"typically",
"typically"
],
[
"military service",
"military service"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, law) The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "feudatory"
},
{
"word": "feudal tenant"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The king ordered his vassals to join him on the crusade unless they had a written note signed by the archbishop or pope.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any direct subordinate bound by such vows to a superior."
],
"links": [
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
],
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"such",
"such"
],
[
"vow",
"vow"
],
[
"superior",
"superior"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Any direct subordinate bound by such vows to a superior."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "subject"
},
{
"word": "dependant"
},
{
"word": "bondsman"
},
{
"word": "villein"
},
{
"word": "serf"
},
{
"word": "helot"
},
{
"word": "thrall"
},
{
"word": "servant"
},
{
"word": "slave"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any subordinate bound by similar close ties."
],
"links": [
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
],
[
"bound",
"bound"
],
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"tie",
"tie"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Any subordinate bound by similar close ties."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æsəl"
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "vasal"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "vasal",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "վասալ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "vasál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васа́л"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vasál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васа́л"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēngchén",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "封臣"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vasal"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasalli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassal"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vasali",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "ვასალი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vasall"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Lehnsmann"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gefolgsmann"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Gefolgsleute"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Höriger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Klient"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "hűbéres"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vazallus"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasáilleach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vassallo"
},
{
"alt": "ほうしん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hōshin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "封臣"
},
{
"alt": "ばくしん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bakushin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "幕臣"
},
{
"alt": "封臣",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bongsin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "봉신"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cliēns"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ambactus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassallus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázal",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ва́зал"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "jiulean"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassa"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "wasal"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassalo"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "suyu runa"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vassál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васса́л"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vazal"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasallo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasall"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vasál",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васа́л"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "grantee of a fief",
"word": "vasal"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fùyōng",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "附庸"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "奴僕"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "núpú",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "奴仆"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "僕從"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "púcóng",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "仆从"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vasal"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "vasalli"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassal"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vasali",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "ვასალი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Vasall"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gefolgsmann"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Lakai"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Dienstmann"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Büttel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Entourage"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Scherge"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Handlanger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hucker"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "csatlós"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "szolga"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "alattvaló"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "vasalo"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasáilleach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seirbhíseach"
},
{
"alt": "かしん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kashin",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "家臣"
},
{
"alt": "しんか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shinka",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "臣下"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ambactus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "slúga",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слу́га"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázal",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ва́зал"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "awhenga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "servant",
"word": "wheteke"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"Jersey",
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vassalo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "servo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vassál",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "васса́л"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "servant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vasallo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"vassal"
],
"word": "vassal"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Rhymes:English/æsəl",
"Rhymes:English/æsəl/2 syllables",
"en:Feudalism",
"en:Occupations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vassal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vassal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vassal",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French vassal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "vassallus",
"4": "",
"5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vassus",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*wassos",
"4": "",
"5": "young man, squire"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wastos",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "foss"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish foss",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwas"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "vassal (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Resembling a vassal; slavish; servile."
],
"links": [
[
"slavish",
"slavish"
],
[
"servile",
"servile"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æsəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "vasal"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vasalski",
"word": "васалски"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"word": "alamainen"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "vasaluri",
"word": "ვასალური"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "hűbéresi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "vazallusi"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "szolgai"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"word": "vasáilleach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"word": "seirbhíseach"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázalski",
"word": "ва́залски"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "vázalen",
"word": "ва́зален"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"vassal"
],
"word": "vassal"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Rhymes:English/æsəl",
"Rhymes:English/æsəl/2 syllables",
"en:Feudalism",
"en:Occupations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vassal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vassal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vassal",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French vassal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "vassallus",
"4": "",
"5": "manservant, domestic, retainer"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vassus",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Latin vassus (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*wassos",
"4": "",
"5": "young man, squire"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*wastos",
"4": "",
"5": "servant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "foss"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish foss",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwas"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vassal, from Old French vassal, from Medieval Latin vassallus (“manservant, domestic, retainer”), from Latin vassus (“servant”), from Gaulish *wassos (“young man, squire”), from Proto-Celtic *wastos (“servant”) (compare Old Irish foss and Welsh gwas).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vassals",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "vassaling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vassalling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "vassaled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vassaled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vassalled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "vassalled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "vassalled",
"pres_ptc2": "vassalling"
},
"expansion": "vassal (third-person singular simple present vassals, present participle vassaling or vassalling, simple past and past participle vassaled or vassalled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave."
],
"links": [
[
"treat",
"treat"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"enslave",
"enslave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To subordinate to someone or something."
],
"links": [
[
"subordinate",
"subordinate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To subordinate to someone or something."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæsəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æsəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vassal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vassal.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "vasal"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"word": "orjuuttaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"word": "vassaliser"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "szolgasorba/szolgaságba dönt"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"word": "avasallar"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"word": "vassaliser"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"word": "alávet"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"word": "avasallar"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"vassal"
],
"word": "vassal"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1936",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": shogunate retainer vs. bakushin",
"path": [
"vassal"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vassal",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2517",
"msg": "UNIMPLEMENTED parse_translation_template: trans-top-see {1: 'resembling a vassal; slavish; servile', 2: 'slavish', 3: 'servile'}",
"path": [
"vassal",
"trans-top-see"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "vassal",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2517",
"msg": "UNIMPLEMENTED parse_translation_template: trans-top-see {1: 'to treat as a vassal or to reduce to the position of a vassal; to subject to control; to enslave', 2: 'enslave'}",
"path": [
"vassal",
"trans-top-see"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "vassal",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2517",
"msg": "UNIMPLEMENTED parse_translation_template: trans-top-see {1: 'to subordinate to someone or something', 2: 'subordinate'}",
"path": [
"vassal",
"trans-top-see"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "vassal",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.