See turma on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for turma meaning in All languages combined (37.1kB)
{
"etymology_text": "Probably from a pre-Roman root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turma f (plural turmes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "ca:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Animals",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Lifeforms",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ca",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "ca:Foods",
"parents": [
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"animal testicle"
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "testicle"
}
],
"id": "en-turma-ca-noun-qdR2G61I",
"links": [
[
"testicle",
"testicle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtur.mə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɾ.ma]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse [Term?]",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "tyrma",
"3": "",
"4": "to overwhelm"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic tyrma (“to overwhelm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "turmu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi turmu",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly borrowed from Proto-Norse [Term?] (compare Icelandic tyrma (“to overwhelm”)), although disputed by LÄGLOS on the grounds that the Germanic word only has a narrow distribution and thus may not be that old. Related to Livvi turmu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "turma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmatta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "See the possessive forms below.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmassani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmastani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmakseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmattani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmassasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmastasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmattasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turmamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmassamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmastamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmattamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmienne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmainne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmianne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmassanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmastanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmananne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmattanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turmansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmainsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmassaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmassansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmastaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmastansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmistaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmistansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turminansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmakseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmattaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmattansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turminensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "nouns",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "turma",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "turma",
"name": "fi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turm",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "a"
},
"name": "fi-decl-koira"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish koira-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "turmella"
},
{
"english": "ruin, something which leads to serious troubles",
"word": "turmio"
},
{
"word": "autoturma"
},
{
"word": "bussiturma"
},
{
"word": "junaturma"
},
{
"word": "laivaturma"
},
{
"word": "lentoturma"
},
{
"word": "liikenneturma"
},
{
"word": "meriturma"
},
{
"word": "tapaturma"
},
{
"word": "turma-auto"
},
{
"word": "turmabussi"
},
{
"word": "turmahetki"
},
{
"word": "turmakone"
},
{
"word": "turmapaikka"
},
{
"word": "työturma"
},
{
"word": "öljyturma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accident, especially one with casualties"
],
"id": "en-turma-fi-noun-xmWPXUfD",
"links": [
[
"accident",
"accident"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈturmɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪urmɑ̝]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urmɑ"
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "turmālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "turmāriī"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "turmātim"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "turmë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: turmë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: turmë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τύρμα",
"3": "τούρμα",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: τύρμα (túrma), τούρμα (toúrma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: τύρμα (túrma), τούρμα (toúrma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "τούρμα"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek: τούρμα (toúrma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Byzantine Greek: τούρμα (toúrma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "turmã"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: turmã",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: turmã"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "torme"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: torme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: torme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "torma"
},
"expansion": "Italian: torma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: torma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "turma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: turma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: turma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "turmă"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: turmă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: turmă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "turma",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: turma (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: turma (semi-learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "turba"
},
"expansion": "turba",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From turba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turma<1>"
},
"expansion": "turma f (genitive turmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "la:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "la:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a troop, squadron of cavalry, team"
],
"id": "en-turma-la-noun-dwFKuZY5",
"links": [
[
"troop",
"troop"
],
[
"squadron",
"squadron"
],
[
"cavalry",
"cavalry"
],
[
"team",
"team"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "la:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a troop, crowd, company, throng, band, body"
],
"id": "en-turma-la-noun-GQKznce2",
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"company",
"company"
],
[
"throng",
"throng"
],
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"body",
"body"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in general) a troop, crowd, company, throng, band, body"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ʊrmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪urmä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Turm",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "German Turm",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Turm"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Turm",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "turn"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German turn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "turm"
},
"expansion": "turm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "torn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German torn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "turris"
},
"expansion": "Latin turris",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "turnia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of turnia",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Turm, from Middle High German turn, turm, from Old High German torn, from Old French, from Latin turris. Doublet of turnia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turma f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tur‧ma"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Prison",
"orig": "pl:Prison",
"parents": [
"Buildings",
"Law enforcement",
"Buildings and structures",
"Crime prevention",
"Emergency services",
"Law",
"Architecture",
"Crime",
"Public safety",
"Justice",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Public administration",
"Security",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Government",
"Fundamental",
"Politics"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prison"
],
"id": "en-turma-pl-noun-TVkbdrcX",
"links": [
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) prison"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "więzienie"
},
{
"word": "ciupa"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urma"
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "turma",
"4": "",
"5": "crowd, company"
},
"expansion": "Latin turma (“crowd, company”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "torma"
},
"expansion": "Italian torma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin turma (“crowd, company”), perhaps a borrowing. Compare Italian torma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turmas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turma f (plural turmas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a group of people"
],
"id": "en-turma-pt-noun-9Ll1cStw",
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"gang (number of friends)"
],
"id": "en-turma-pt-noun-H4ApEleP",
"links": [
[
"gang",
"gang"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 8 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"class (group of students who commenced or completed their education during a particular year)"
],
"id": "en-turma-pt-noun-WU08wuQL",
"links": [
[
"class",
"class"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuʁ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɦ.mɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuʁ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɦ.mɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuʁ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɻ.ma/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "turma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turmă"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite nominative/accusative singular of turmă"
],
"id": "en-turma-ro-noun-u7JkYC3o",
"links": [
[
"turmă",
"turmă#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "turma de tierra"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "turmas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turma f (plural turmas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tur‧ma"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"testicle"
],
"id": "en-turma-es-noun-37DOB-35",
"links": [
[
"testicle",
"testicle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a kind of potato"
],
"id": "en-turma-es-noun-XSji6j20",
"links": [
[
"potato",
"potato"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾma/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪uɾ.ma]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɾma"
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "turma",
"t": "turnip"
},
"expansion": "Salar: turma (“turnip”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: turma (“turnip”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*tur-",
"3": "*-me",
"gloss1": "1. to stand 2. to stop"
},
"expansion": "*tur- (“1. to stand 2. to stop”) + *-me",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "bitki"
},
"expansion": "Turkish bitki",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "bitmek"
},
"expansion": "Turkish bitmek",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Potentially from *tur- (“1. to stand 2. to stop”) + *-me, compare with the semantics of Turkish bitki from Turkish bitmek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmag",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmagaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmača",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*turma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "u"
},
"name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/turma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-me",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"radish, carrot"
],
"id": "en-turma-trk-pro-noun-nQ4-E3sx",
"links": [
[
"radish",
"radish"
],
[
"carrot",
"carrot"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "turp"
},
{
"word": "beans"
},
{
"word": "peas: *burčak"
},
{
"word": "farro"
},
{
"word": "wheat: *bugday"
},
{
"word": "yidge"
},
{
"word": "yidgelek"
},
{
"word": "bōńurï"
},
{
"sense": "barley",
"word": "arpa"
},
{
"sense": "apple",
"word": "almïla"
},
{
"sense": "walnut",
"word": "yaŋgak"
},
{
"sense": "honey",
"word": "bạl"
},
{
"sense": "millet",
"word": "tạrïg"
},
{
"sense": "onion",
"word": "sōgun"
},
{
"sense": "salt",
"word": "tūŕ"
},
{
"sense": "egg",
"word": "yumurtka"
},
{
"sense": "butter",
"word": "yāg"
},
{
"sense": "mushroom",
"word": "kömbe"
},
{
"sense": "radish",
"word": "turp"
},
{
"sense": "radish",
"word": "turma"
},
{
"sense": "carrot",
"word": "turma"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"etymology_text": "Probably from a pre-Roman root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turmes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turma f (plural turmes)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "testicle"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable nouns",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine nouns",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan nouns",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ca:Animal body parts",
"ca:Foods"
],
"glosses": [
"animal testicle"
],
"links": [
[
"testicle",
"testicle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈtur.mə]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɾ.ma]",
"tags": [
"Valencian"
]
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "turmella"
},
{
"english": "ruin, something which leads to serious troubles",
"word": "turmio"
},
{
"word": "autoturma"
},
{
"word": "bussiturma"
},
{
"word": "junaturma"
},
{
"word": "laivaturma"
},
{
"word": "lentoturma"
},
{
"word": "liikenneturma"
},
{
"word": "meriturma"
},
{
"word": "tapaturma"
},
{
"word": "turma-auto"
},
{
"word": "turmabussi"
},
{
"word": "turmahetki"
},
{
"word": "turmakone"
},
{
"word": "turmapaikka"
},
{
"word": "työturma"
},
{
"word": "öljyturma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse [Term?]",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "tyrma",
"3": "",
"4": "to overwhelm"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic tyrma (“to overwhelm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "turmu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi turmu",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly borrowed from Proto-Norse [Term?] (compare Icelandic tyrma (“to overwhelm”)), although disputed by LÄGLOS on the grounds that the Germanic word only has a narrow distribution and thus may not be that old. Related to Livvi turmu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "turma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmatta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "See the possessive forms below.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmassani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmastani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmakseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmattani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmassasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmastasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmattasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turmamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmassamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmastamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmattamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmienne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmainne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmianne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmassanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmastanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmananne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmattanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turmansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmainsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmassaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmassansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmastaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmastansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmistaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmistansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmallensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turminaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turminansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmakseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmiksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmattaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmattansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turminensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "nouns",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "turma",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "turma",
"name": "fi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turm",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "a"
},
"name": "fi-decl-koira"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish 2-syllable words",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish koira-type nominals",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish nouns",
"Finnish terms borrowed from Proto-Norse",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Norse term requests",
"Rhymes:Finnish/urmɑ",
"Rhymes:Finnish/urmɑ/2 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"accident, especially one with casualties"
],
"links": [
[
"accident",
"accident"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈturmɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪urmɑ̝]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urmɑ"
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Collectives",
"la:Military"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "turmālis"
},
{
"word": "turmāriī"
},
{
"word": "turmātim"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "turmë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: turmë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: turmë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τύρμα",
"3": "τούρμα",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: τύρμα (túrma), τούρμα (toúrma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: τύρμα (túrma), τούρμα (toúrma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gkm",
"2": "τούρμα"
},
"expansion": "Byzantine Greek: τούρμα (toúrma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Byzantine Greek: τούρμα (toúrma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "turmã"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: turmã",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: turmã"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "torme"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: torme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: torme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "torma"
},
"expansion": "Italian: torma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: torma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "turma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: turma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: turma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "turmă"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: turmă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: turmă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "turma",
"slb": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: turma (semi-learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: turma (semi-learned)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "turba"
},
"expansion": "turba",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From turba.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turma<1>"
},
"expansion": "turma f (genitive turmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "turma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a troop, squadron of cavalry, team"
],
"links": [
[
"troop",
"troop"
],
[
"squadron",
"squadron"
],
[
"cavalry",
"cavalry"
],
[
"team",
"team"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a troop, crowd, company, throng, band, body"
],
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"company",
"company"
],
[
"throng",
"throng"
],
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"body",
"body"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in general) a troop, crowd, company, throng, band, body"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪ʊrmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪urmä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Turm",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "German Turm",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Turm"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Turm",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "turn"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German turn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "turm"
},
"expansion": "turm",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "torn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German torn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "turris"
},
"expansion": "Latin turris",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "turnia"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of turnia",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Turm, from Middle High German turn, turm, from Old High German torn, from Old French, from Latin turris. Doublet of turnia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "turmo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "turmy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turma f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tur‧ma"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish doublets",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from German",
"Polish terms derived from German",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old French",
"Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with archaic senses",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Polish/urma",
"Rhymes:Polish/urma/2 syllables",
"pl:Prison"
],
"glosses": [
"prison"
],
"links": [
[
"prison",
"prison"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) prison"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "więzienie"
},
{
"word": "ciupa"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtur.ma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-urma"
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "turma",
"4": "",
"5": "crowd, company"
},
"expansion": "Latin turma (“crowd, company”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "torma"
},
"expansion": "Italian torma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin turma (“crowd, company”), perhaps a borrowing. Compare Italian torma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "turmas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turma f (plural turmas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a group of people"
],
"links": [
[
"group",
"group"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"gang (number of friends)"
],
"links": [
[
"gang",
"gang"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"class (group of students who commenced or completed their education during a particular year)"
],
"links": [
[
"class",
"class"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuʁ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɦ.mɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuʁ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈtuɦ.mɐ]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuʁ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɻ.ma/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "turma",
"t": "turnip"
},
"expansion": "Salar: turma (“turnip”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: turma (“turnip”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*tur-",
"3": "*-me",
"gloss1": "1. to stand 2. to stop"
},
"expansion": "*tur- (“1. to stand 2. to stop”) + *-me",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "bitki"
},
"expansion": "Turkish bitki",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "bitmek"
},
"expansion": "Turkish bitmek",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Potentially from *tur- (“1. to stand 2. to stop”) + *-me, compare with the semantics of Turkish bitki from Turkish bitmek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmag",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanïg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmagaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmača",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*turma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "u"
},
"name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/turma",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "turp"
},
{
"sense": "barley",
"word": "arpa"
},
{
"word": "beans"
},
{
"word": "peas: *burčak"
},
{
"word": "farro"
},
{
"word": "wheat: *bugday"
},
{
"word": "yidge"
},
{
"word": "yidgelek"
},
{
"sense": "apple",
"word": "almïla"
},
{
"word": "bōńurï"
},
{
"sense": "walnut",
"word": "yaŋgak"
},
{
"sense": "honey",
"word": "bạl"
},
{
"sense": "millet",
"word": "tạrïg"
},
{
"sense": "onion",
"word": "sōgun"
},
{
"sense": "salt",
"word": "tūŕ"
},
{
"sense": "egg",
"word": "yumurtka"
},
{
"sense": "butter",
"word": "yāg"
},
{
"sense": "mushroom",
"word": "kömbe"
},
{
"sense": "radish",
"word": "turp"
},
{
"sense": "radish",
"word": "turma"
},
{
"sense": "carrot",
"word": "turma"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-me"
],
"glosses": [
"radish, carrot"
],
"links": [
[
"radish",
"radish"
],
[
"carrot",
"carrot"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "turma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian non-lemma forms",
"Romanian noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "turmă"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite nominative/accusative singular of turmă"
],
"links": [
[
"turmă",
"turmă#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɾma",
"Rhymes:Spanish/uɾma/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "turma de tierra"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "turmas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "turma f (plural turmas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tur‧ma"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"testicle"
],
"links": [
[
"testicle",
"testicle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a kind of potato"
],
"links": [
[
"potato",
"potato"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuɾma/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪uɾ.ma]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uɾma"
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.