See turma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "turma",
"t": "turnip"
},
"expansion": "Salar: turma (“turnip”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: turma (“turnip”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*tur-",
"3": "*-me",
"gloss1": "1. to stand 2. to stop"
},
"expansion": "*tur- (“1. to stand 2. to stop”) + *-me",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "bitki"
},
"expansion": "Turkish bitki",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "bitmek"
},
"expansion": "Turkish bitmek",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Potentially from *tur- (“1. to stand 2. to stop”) + *-me, compare with the semantics of Turkish bitki from Turkish bitmek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmag",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanuŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmagaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmača",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*turma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "u"
},
"name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/turma",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-me",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"radish, carrot"
],
"id": "en-turma-trk-pro-noun-nQ4-E3sx",
"links": [
[
"radish",
"radish"
],
[
"carrot",
"carrot"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "turp"
},
{
"word": "beans"
},
{
"word": "peas: *burčak"
},
{
"word": "farro"
},
{
"word": "wheat: *bugday"
},
{
"word": "yidge"
},
{
"word": "yidgelek"
},
{
"word": "bōńurï"
},
{
"sense": "barley",
"word": "arpa"
},
{
"sense": "apple",
"word": "almïla"
},
{
"sense": "walnut",
"word": "yaŋgak"
},
{
"sense": "honey",
"word": "bạl"
},
{
"sense": "millet",
"word": "tạrïg"
},
{
"sense": "onion",
"word": "sōgun"
},
{
"sense": "salt",
"word": "tūŕ"
},
{
"sense": "egg",
"word": "yumurtka"
},
{
"sense": "butter",
"word": "yāg"
},
{
"sense": "mushroom",
"word": "kömbe"
},
{
"sense": "radish",
"word": "turp"
},
{
"sense": "radish",
"word": "turma"
},
{
"sense": "carrot",
"word": "turma"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "turma",
"t": "turnip"
},
"expansion": "Salar: turma (“turnip”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: turma (“turnip”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*tur-",
"3": "*-me",
"gloss1": "1. to stand 2. to stop"
},
"expansion": "*tur- (“1. to stand 2. to stop”) + *-me",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "bitki"
},
"expansion": "Turkish bitki",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "bitmek"
},
"expansion": "Turkish bitmek",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Potentially from *tur- (“1. to stand 2. to stop”) + *-me, compare with the semantics of Turkish bitki from Turkish bitmek.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "turma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmag",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmanuŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmagaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmača",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "turmalugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*turma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "u"
},
"name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/turma",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "turp"
},
{
"sense": "barley",
"word": "arpa"
},
{
"word": "beans"
},
{
"word": "peas: *burčak"
},
{
"word": "farro"
},
{
"word": "wheat: *bugday"
},
{
"word": "yidge"
},
{
"word": "yidgelek"
},
{
"sense": "apple",
"word": "almïla"
},
{
"word": "bōńurï"
},
{
"sense": "walnut",
"word": "yaŋgak"
},
{
"sense": "honey",
"word": "bạl"
},
{
"sense": "millet",
"word": "tạrïg"
},
{
"sense": "onion",
"word": "sōgun"
},
{
"sense": "salt",
"word": "tūŕ"
},
{
"sense": "egg",
"word": "yumurtka"
},
{
"sense": "butter",
"word": "yāg"
},
{
"sense": "mushroom",
"word": "kömbe"
},
{
"sense": "radish",
"word": "turp"
},
{
"sense": "radish",
"word": "turma"
},
{
"sense": "carrot",
"word": "turma"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms suffixed with *-me"
],
"glosses": [
"radish, carrot"
],
"links": [
[
"radish",
"radish"
],
[
"carrot",
"carrot"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "turma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for turma meaning in Proto-Turkic (3.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.