See arpa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "урпа"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: урпа (urp̬a)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: урпа (urp̬a)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "árpa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: árpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: árpa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*arbaï",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *arbaï",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *arbaï"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "арвай"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian: арвай (arvaj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian: арвай (arvaj)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "арбай",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tuvan: арбай (arbay)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tuvan: арбай (arbay)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn",
"2": "*arpa"
},
"expansion": "Common Turkic: *arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Common Turkic: *arpa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-ogz-pro",
"2": "*arpa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oghuz: *arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Oghuz: *arpa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"tr": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "آرپه",
"tr": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: آرپه (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: آرپه (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "arfa"
},
"expansion": "Salar: arfa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: arfa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "اَرْپا",
"tr": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: اَرْپا (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: اَرْپا (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkh",
"tr": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "ارپا",
"tr": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: ارپا (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: ارپا (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "ئارپا"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: ئارپا (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: ئارپا (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"2": "ارپا",
"tr": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: ارپا (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: ارپا (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: арпа (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: арпа (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: арпа (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: арпа (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: арпа (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: арпа (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Karaim: арпа",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim: арпа"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: арпа (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: арпа (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: арпа (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: арпа (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: арпа (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: арпа (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: арпа (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: арпа (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "арба"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: арба (arba)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: арба (arba)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽼𐽰",
"tr": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽼𐽰 (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽼𐽰 (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᠠᡵᡶᠠ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Manchu: ᠠᡵᡶᠠ (arfa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Manchu: ᠠᡵᡶᠠ (arfa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "арба"
},
"expansion": "Shor: арба",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shor: арба"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "ira-nei"
},
"expansion": "Northeastern Iranian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*arpacyaH",
"4": "*Hr̥pā́š",
"t": "barley"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *Hr̥pā́š (“barley”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "ine-toc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂élbʰit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰit",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"t": "multitude, crowd",
"tr": "arka"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic [script needed] (arka, “multitude, crowd”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*arbaï",
"3": "",
"4": "barley"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *arbaï (“barley”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "арвай"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian арвай (arvaj)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "apa"
},
"expansion": "Dongxiang apa",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly borrowed from Northeastern Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *Hr̥pā́š (“barley”), or perhaps Tocharian, both from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰit. Alternatively from *ar- (“to multiply oneself, be numerous”), whence Old Turkic [script needed] (arka, “multitude, crowd”). The term appears to be related to Proto-Mongolic *arbaï (“barley”) as well, possibly through borrowing. Compare also Mongolian арвай (arvaj), Dongxiang apa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "arpa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpag",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpanï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpanïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpagaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpača",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpalayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpalïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*arpa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/arpa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"barley"
],
"id": "en-arpa-trk-pro-noun-16nq0LFc",
"links": [
[
"barley",
"barley"
]
],
"related": [
{
"sense": "barley",
"word": "arpa"
},
{
"word": "beans"
},
{
"word": "peas: *burčak"
},
{
"word": "farro"
},
{
"word": "wheat: *bugday"
},
{
"word": "yidge"
},
{
"word": "yidgelek"
},
{
"word": "bōńurï"
},
{
"sense": "apple",
"word": "almïla"
},
{
"sense": "walnut",
"word": "yaŋgak"
},
{
"sense": "honey",
"word": "bạl"
},
{
"sense": "millet",
"word": "tạrïg"
},
{
"sense": "onion",
"word": "sōgun"
},
{
"sense": "salt",
"word": "tūŕ"
},
{
"sense": "egg",
"word": "yumurtka"
},
{
"sense": "butter",
"word": "yāg"
},
{
"sense": "mushroom",
"word": "kömbe"
},
{
"sense": "radish",
"word": "turp"
},
{
"sense": "radish",
"word": "turma"
},
{
"sense": "carrot",
"word": "turma"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "arpa"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghur:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cv",
"2": "урпа"
},
"expansion": "Chuvash: урпа (urp̬a)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chuvash: урпа (urp̬a)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "árpa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: árpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: árpa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*arbaï",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *arbaï",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Mongolic: *arbaï"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "арвай"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian: арвай (arvaj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mongolian: арвай (arvaj)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "арбай",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tuvan: арбай (arbay)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tuvan: арбай (arbay)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-cmn",
"2": "*arpa"
},
"expansion": "Common Turkic: *arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Common Turkic: *arpa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Arghu:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "klj",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Khalaj: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khalaj: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Oghuz:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-ogz-pro",
"2": "*arpa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oghuz: *arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Oghuz: *arpa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-oat",
"tr": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Azerbaijani: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ota",
"2": "آرپه",
"tr": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish: آرپه (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ottoman Turkish: آرپه (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gagauz: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Turkish: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkish: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "slr",
"2": "arfa"
},
"expansion": "Salar: arfa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Salar: arfa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Turkmen: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Karluk:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xqa",
"2": "اَرْپا",
"tr": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Karakhanid: اَرْپا (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakhanid: اَرْپا (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zkh",
"tr": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "chg",
"2": "ارپا",
"tr": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Chagatai: ارپا (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Chagatai: ارپا (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uzbek: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "ئارپا"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur: ئارپا (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Uyghur: ئارپا (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qwm",
"2": "ارپا",
"tr": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak: ارپا (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kipchak: ارپا (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir: арпа (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bashkir: арпа (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Tatar: арпа (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tatar: арпа (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Tatar: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar: арпа (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karachay-Balkar: арпа (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kdr",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Karaim: арпа",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karaim: арпа"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk: арпа (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kumyk: арпа (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Caspian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh: арпа (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kazakh: арпа (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaa",
"2": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Karakalpak: arpa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karakalpak: arpa"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nog",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Nogai: арпа (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Nogai: арпа (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kyrgyz-Kipchak:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "арпа"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz: арпа (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kyrgyz: арпа (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "арба"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai: арба (arba)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Altai: арба (arba)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Siberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oui",
"2": "𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽼𐽰",
"tr": "arpa"
},
"expansion": "Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽼𐽰 (arpa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽼𐽰 (arpa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mnc",
"2": "ᠠᡵᡶᠠ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Manchu: ᠠᡵᡶᠠ (arfa)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Manchu: ᠠᡵᡶᠠ (arfa)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Siberian"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Yenisei Turkic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "арба"
},
"expansion": "Shor: арба",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shor: арба"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "ira-nei"
},
"expansion": "Northeastern Iranian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*arpacyaH",
"4": "*Hr̥pā́š",
"t": "barley"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *Hr̥pā́š (“barley”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "ine-toc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂élbʰit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰit",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "otk",
"t": "multitude, crowd",
"tr": "arka"
},
"expansion": "Old Turkic [script needed] (arka, “multitude, crowd”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "*arbaï",
"3": "",
"4": "barley"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mongolic *arbaï (“barley”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mn",
"2": "арвай"
},
"expansion": "Mongolian арвай (arvaj)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sce",
"2": "apa"
},
"expansion": "Dongxiang apa",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly borrowed from Northeastern Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *Hr̥pā́š (“barley”), or perhaps Tocharian, both from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰit. Alternatively from *ar- (“to multiply oneself, be numerous”), whence Old Turkic [script needed] (arka, “multitude, crowd”). The term appears to be related to Proto-Mongolic *arbaï (“barley”) as well, possibly through borrowing. Compare also Mongolian арвай (arvaj), Dongxiang apa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "trk-pro-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "arpa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpag",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpanï",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpanïŋ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpada",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpadan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpagaru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpača",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"equative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpalayu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "arpalïgu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*arpa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "a"
},
"name": "trk-pro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/arpa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"sense": "barley",
"word": "arpa"
},
{
"word": "beans"
},
{
"word": "peas: *burčak"
},
{
"word": "farro"
},
{
"word": "wheat: *bugday"
},
{
"word": "yidge"
},
{
"word": "yidgelek"
},
{
"sense": "apple",
"word": "almïla"
},
{
"word": "bōńurï"
},
{
"sense": "walnut",
"word": "yaŋgak"
},
{
"sense": "honey",
"word": "bạl"
},
{
"sense": "millet",
"word": "tạrïg"
},
{
"sense": "onion",
"word": "sōgun"
},
{
"sense": "salt",
"word": "tūŕ"
},
{
"sense": "egg",
"word": "yumurtka"
},
{
"sense": "butter",
"word": "yāg"
},
{
"sense": "mushroom",
"word": "kömbe"
},
{
"sense": "radish",
"word": "turp"
},
{
"sense": "radish",
"word": "turma"
},
{
"sense": "carrot",
"word": "turma"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Uyghur terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic nouns",
"Proto-Turkic terms borrowed from Northeastern Iranian languages",
"Proto-Turkic terms borrowed from Tocharian languages",
"Proto-Turkic terms derived from Northeastern Iranian languages",
"Proto-Turkic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Turkic terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Proto-Turkic terms derived from Tocharian languages",
"Requests for native script for Khorezmian Turkic terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Anatolian Turkish terms",
"Requests for native script for Old Turkic terms",
"trk-pro:Grains"
],
"glosses": [
"barley"
],
"links": [
[
"barley",
"barley"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "arpa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for arpa meaning in Proto-Turkic (10.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Turkic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.