See commence on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for commence meaning in All languages combined (12.6kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”",
"word": "cease"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”",
"word": "stop"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "commencen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English commencen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "comencen"
},
"expansion": "comencen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "comsen"
},
"expansion": "comsen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cumsen"
},
"expansion": "cumsen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "comencier",
"4": "comencer"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman comencer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*cominitiāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "com-"
},
"expansion": "Latin com-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "initiō"
},
"expansion": "initiō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "initiate"
},
"expansion": "initiate",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English commencen, comencen (also as contracted comsen, cumsen), from Anglo-Norman comencer, from Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre, formed from Latin com- + initiō (whence English initiate).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "commences",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "commenced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "commenced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commence (third-person singular simple present commences, present participle commencing, simple past and past participle commenced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "commencement"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, William Shakespeare, The Phoenix and the Turtle",
"text": "Here the anthem doth commence:",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1770, Oliver Goldsmith, “The Deserted Village”, in The Miscellaneous Works of Oliver Goldsmith, London: W. Griffin, published 1775, page 164",
"text": "His heaven commences ere the world be past!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To begin, start."
],
"id": "en-commence-en-verb-3rcfkcNM",
"links": [
[
"begin",
"begin"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To begin, start."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "63 36 1",
"sense": "to begin",
"word": "initiate"
}
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sksel",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "սկսել"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "başlamaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pačynácʹ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
],
"word": "пачына́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pačácʹ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пача́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pačynácca",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
],
"word": "пачына́цца"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pačácca",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пача́цца"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "započvam",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "започвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "començar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "開始"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kāishǐ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "开始"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "begynde"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "aanvangen"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "komenciĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "aloittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "commencer"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "comezar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dac̣q̇eba",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "დაწყება"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "anfangen"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "beginnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "archízo",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "αρχίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "komanse"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "elkezd"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "comenciar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "cominciare"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hajimaru",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "始まる"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hajimeru",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "始める"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "begynne"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "påbegynne"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "poczać"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "poczynać"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "começar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "începe"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "načinátʹ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "начина́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "načinátʹsja",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "начина́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pričeti"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pričenjati"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "comenzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "empezar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "iniciar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "principiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "börja"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "begynna"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "magsimula"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "başlamak"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "başlatmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počynáty",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
],
"word": "почина́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počáty",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "поча́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počynátysja",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
],
"word": "почина́тися"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 17 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počátysja",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "поча́тися"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1743, Robert Drury, The Pleasant, and Surprizing Adventures of Mr. Robert Drury, during his Fifteen Years Captivity on the Island of Madagascar, London, page 126",
"text": "[…] he furnish’d me with a Gun, Cartouch-box, and Powder-horn, &c. and thus accouter’d I commenc’d Soldier.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1825, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Aids to Reflection in the Formation of a Manly Character, London: Taylor & Hessey, Prudential Aphorisms, Aphorism 15, page 48",
"text": "When we are wearied of the trouble of prosecuting crimes at the bar, we commence judges ourselves […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To begin to be, or to act as."
],
"id": "en-commence-en-verb-~qBV6hXY",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To begin to be, or to act as."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 8 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 4 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1861, George John Gray, Athenae Cantabrigienses: 1586-1609, page 272",
"text": "[…] was admitted a minor fellow of his college 4 Oct. 1591, a major fellow 11 March 1591-2, and commenced M.A. in 1592.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take a degree at a university."
],
"id": "en-commence-en-verb-rqMBzVGK",
"links": [
[
"degree",
"degree"
],
[
"university",
"university"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, intransitive, dated) To take a degree at a university."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dated",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kəˈmɛns/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛns"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-commence.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-commence.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-commence.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-commence.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-commence.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "commence"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "commence",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of commencer:",
"first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-commence-fr-verb-LNhqf~oK",
"links": [
[
"commencer",
"commencer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of commencer:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-commence-fr-verb-BiBdNg~s",
"links": [
[
"commencer",
"commencer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Pamputt-commence.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-commence.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-commence.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-commence.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-commence.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "commence"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lou",
"2": "fr",
"3": "commencer",
"4": "",
"5": "to commence"
},
"expansion": "French commencer (“to commence”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "kòmanse"
},
"expansion": "Haitian Creole kòmanse",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French commencer (“to commence”), compare Haitian Creole kòmanse.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lou",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "commence",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Louisiana Creole",
"lang_code": "lou",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Louisiana Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to begin, commence"
],
"id": "en-commence-lou-verb-gVU0VkNQ",
"links": [
[
"begin",
"begin"
],
[
"commence",
"commence"
]
]
}
],
"word": "commence"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”",
"word": "cease"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “to begin”",
"word": "stop"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English raising verbs",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛns",
"Rhymes:English/ɛns/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "commencen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English commencen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "comencen"
},
"expansion": "comencen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "comsen"
},
"expansion": "comsen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cumsen"
},
"expansion": "cumsen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "comencier",
"4": "comencer"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman comencer",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*cominitiāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "com-"
},
"expansion": "Latin com-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "initiō"
},
"expansion": "initiō",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "initiate"
},
"expansion": "initiate",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English commencen, comencen (also as contracted comsen, cumsen), from Anglo-Norman comencer, from Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre, formed from Latin com- + initiō (whence English initiate).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "commences",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "commenced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "commenced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commence (third-person singular simple present commences, present participle commencing, simple past and past participle commenced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "commencement"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1601, William Shakespeare, The Phoenix and the Turtle",
"text": "Here the anthem doth commence:",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1770, Oliver Goldsmith, “The Deserted Village”, in The Miscellaneous Works of Oliver Goldsmith, London: W. Griffin, published 1775, page 164",
"text": "His heaven commences ere the world be past!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To begin, start."
],
"links": [
[
"begin",
"begin"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To begin, start."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1743, Robert Drury, The Pleasant, and Surprizing Adventures of Mr. Robert Drury, during his Fifteen Years Captivity on the Island of Madagascar, London, page 126",
"text": "[…] he furnish’d me with a Gun, Cartouch-box, and Powder-horn, &c. and thus accouter’d I commenc’d Soldier.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1825, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Aids to Reflection in the Formation of a Manly Character, London: Taylor & Hessey, Prudential Aphorisms, Aphorism 15, page 48",
"text": "When we are wearied of the trouble of prosecuting crimes at the bar, we commence judges ourselves […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To begin to be, or to act as."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To begin to be, or to act as."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dated terms",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1861, George John Gray, Athenae Cantabrigienses: 1586-1609, page 272",
"text": "[…] was admitted a minor fellow of his college 4 Oct. 1591, a major fellow 11 March 1591-2, and commenced M.A. in 1592.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To take a degree at a university."
],
"links": [
[
"degree",
"degree"
],
[
"university",
"university"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, intransitive, dated) To take a degree at a university."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dated",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kəˈmɛns/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛns"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-commence.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-commence.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-commence.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-commence.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-commence.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "to begin",
"word": "initiate"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "sksel",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "սկսել"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "başlamaq"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pačynácʹ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
],
"word": "пачына́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pačácʹ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пача́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pačynácca",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
],
"word": "пачына́цца"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pačácca",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "пача́цца"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "započvam",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "започвам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "començar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "開始"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kāishǐ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "开始"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "begynde"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "aanvangen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "komenciĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "aloittaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "commencer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "comezar"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dac̣q̇eba",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "დაწყება"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "anfangen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "beginnen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "archízo",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "αρχίζω"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "komanse"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "elkezd"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "comenciar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "cominciare"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hajimaru",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "始まる"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hajimeru",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "始める"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "begynne"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "påbegynne"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "poczać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "poczynać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "começar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "începe"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "načinátʹ",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "начина́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "načinátʹsja",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "начина́ться"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "pričeti"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "pričenjati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "comenzar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "empezar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "iniciar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "principiar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "börja"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "begynna"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "begin, start",
"word": "magsimula"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "başlamak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "başlatmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počynáty",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
],
"word": "почина́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počáty",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "поча́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počynátysja",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
],
"word": "почина́тися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "počátysja",
"sense": "begin, start",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "поча́тися"
}
],
"word": "commence"
}
{
"categories": [
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French terms with audio links",
"French verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "commence",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of commencer:",
"first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"commencer",
"commencer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of commencer:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"commencer",
"commencer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Pamputt-commence.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-commence.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-commence.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-commence.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Pamputt-commence.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "commence"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lou",
"2": "fr",
"3": "commencer",
"4": "",
"5": "to commence"
},
"expansion": "French commencer (“to commence”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "kòmanse"
},
"expansion": "Haitian Creole kòmanse",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French commencer (“to commence”), compare Haitian Creole kòmanse.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lou",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "commence",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Louisiana Creole",
"lang_code": "lou",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Louisiana Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"Louisiana Creole lemmas",
"Louisiana Creole terms derived from French",
"Louisiana Creole terms inherited from French",
"Louisiana Creole verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to begin, commence"
],
"links": [
[
"begin",
"begin"
],
[
"commence",
"commence"
]
]
}
],
"word": "commence"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.