See 始める in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "oeru",
"ruby": [
[
"終",
"お"
]
],
"word": "終える"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*pansimay",
"pos": "transitive",
"t": "to begin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *pansimay (“to begin”, transitive)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pansimay (“to begin”, transitive).\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 始む entry.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "始める",
"ruby": [
[
"始",
"はじ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "始め",
"roman": "hajime",
"ruby": [
[
"始",
"はじ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "始めた",
"roman": "hajimeta",
"ruby": [
[
"始",
"はじ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "始め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hajime",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "始める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "始めれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "始めよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "始めろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "始められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "始めさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "始めさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "始められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "始めれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "始めよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "始めない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "始めぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "始めん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "始めず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "始めます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "始めた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "始めて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "始めれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "はじめる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "始(はじ)める • (hajimeru) transitive ichidan (stem 始(はじ)め (hajime), past 始(はじ)めた (hajimeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to start work early in the morning",
"roman": "sōchō kara sagyō o hajimeru",
"ruby": [
[
"早",
"そう"
],
[
"朝",
"ちょう"
],
[
"作",
"さ"
],
[
"業",
"ぎょう"
],
[
"始",
"はじ"
]
],
"text": "早朝から作業を始める",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to begin, start, initiate"
],
"id": "en-始める-ja-verb-BynWQfTN",
"links": [
[
"begin",
"begin"
],
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"initiate",
"initiate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 57 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 52 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 58 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 47 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 61 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 65 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 59 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to open a clothing store",
"roman": "yōsō-ten o hajimeru",
"ruby": [
[
"洋",
"よう"
],
[
"装",
"そう"
],
[
"店",
"てん"
],
[
"創",
"はじ"
]
],
"text": "洋装店を創める"
}
],
"glosses": [
"創める: to set up, create, establish, found"
],
"id": "en-始める-ja-verb-FWcWt8Rz",
"links": [
[
"創める",
"創める#Japanese"
],
[
"set up",
"set up"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"establish",
"establish"
],
[
"found",
"found"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to start walking",
"roman": "arukihajimeru",
"ruby": [
[
"歩",
"ある"
],
[
"始",
"はじ"
]
],
"text": "歩き始める"
},
{
"english": "to begin to bloom",
"roman": "sakihajimeru",
"ruby": [
[
"咲",
"さ"
],
[
"始",
"はじ"
]
],
"text": "咲き始める"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to start doing, begin"
],
"id": "en-始める-ja-verb-o0Tn8Cuv",
"links": [
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"begin",
"begin"
]
],
"qualifier": "following the continuative of a verb",
"raw_glosses": [
"(following the continuative of a verb) to start doing, begin"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "はじめる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ha̠ʑime̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "始める"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"roman": "oeru",
"ruby": [
[
"終",
"お"
]
],
"word": "終える"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese ichidan verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*pansimay",
"pos": "transitive",
"t": "to begin"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *pansimay (“to begin”, transitive)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pansimay (“to begin”, transitive).\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 始む entry.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "始める",
"ruby": [
[
"始",
"はじ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "始め",
"roman": "hajime",
"ruby": [
[
"始",
"はじ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "始めた",
"roman": "hajimeta",
"ruby": [
[
"始",
"はじ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "始め",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hajime",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "始める",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "始めれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "始めよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "始めろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "始められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "始めさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "始めさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "始められる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "始めれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "始めよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "始めない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "始めぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "始めん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "始めず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "始めます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "始めた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "始めて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "始めれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "はじめれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hajimereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "はじめる",
"tr": "trans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "始(はじ)める • (hajimeru) transitive ichidan (stem 始(はじ)め (hajime), past 始(はじ)めた (hajimeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to start work early in the morning",
"roman": "sōchō kara sagyō o hajimeru",
"ruby": [
[
"早",
"そう"
],
[
"朝",
"ちょう"
],
[
"作",
"さ"
],
[
"業",
"ぎょう"
],
[
"始",
"はじ"
]
],
"text": "早朝から作業を始める",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to begin, start, initiate"
],
"links": [
[
"begin",
"begin"
],
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"initiate",
"initiate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to open a clothing store",
"roman": "yōsō-ten o hajimeru",
"ruby": [
[
"洋",
"よう"
],
[
"装",
"そう"
],
[
"店",
"てん"
],
[
"創",
"はじ"
]
],
"text": "洋装店を創める"
}
],
"glosses": [
"創める: to set up, create, establish, found"
],
"links": [
[
"創める",
"創める#Japanese"
],
[
"set up",
"set up"
],
[
"create",
"create"
],
[
"establish",
"establish"
],
[
"found",
"found"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to start walking",
"roman": "arukihajimeru",
"ruby": [
[
"歩",
"ある"
],
[
"始",
"はじ"
]
],
"text": "歩き始める"
},
{
"english": "to begin to bloom",
"roman": "sakihajimeru",
"ruby": [
[
"咲",
"さ"
],
[
"始",
"はじ"
]
],
"text": "咲き始める"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to start doing, begin"
],
"links": [
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"begin",
"begin"
]
],
"qualifier": "following the continuative of a verb",
"raw_glosses": [
"(following the continuative of a verb) to start doing, begin"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "はじめる"
},
{
"ipa": "[ha̠ʑime̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "始める"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 始める meaning in Japanese (8.3kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"始める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "始める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"始める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "始める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"始める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "始める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"始める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "始める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"始める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "始める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"始める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "始める",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"始める"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "始める",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.