"commencer" meaning in All languages combined

See commencer on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

Forms: commencers [plural]
Etymology: From commence + -er. Etymology templates: {{suffix|en|commence|er|id2=agent noun}} commence + -er Head templates: {{en-noun}} commencer (plural commencers)
  1. One who commences.
    Sense id: en-commencer-en-noun-Qk3AJE6C Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun), Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries

Verb [French]

IPA: /kɔ.mɑ̃.se/ Audio: Fr-commencer.ogg
Etymology: Inherited from Middle French commencer, from Old French comencier, from Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|fr|frm|commencer|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle French commencer, {{inh+|fr|frm|commencer}} Inherited from Middle French commencer, {{inh|fr|fro|comencier}} Old French comencier, {{inh|fr|VL.|*cominitiāre}} Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre Head templates: {{fr-verb}} commencer Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], commencer [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], commençant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], commencé [participle, past], commence [first-person, indicative, present, singular], commences [indicative, present, second-person, singular], commence [indicative, present, singular, third-person], commençons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], commencez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], commencent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], commençais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], commençais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], commençait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], commencions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], commenciez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], commençaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], commençai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], commenças [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], commença [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], commençâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], commençâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], commencèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], commencerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], commenceras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], commencera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], commencerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], commencerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], commenceront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], commencerais [conditional, first-person, singular], commencerais [conditional, second-person, singular], commencerait [conditional, singular, third-person], commencerions [conditional, first-person, plural], commenceriez [conditional, plural, second-person], commenceraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], commence [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], commences [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], commence [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], commencions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], commenciez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], commencent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], commençasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], commençasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], commençât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], commençassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], commençassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], commençassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], commence [imperative, second-person, singular], commençons [first-person, imperative, plural], commencez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person], commancer [alternative, obsolete]
  1. to begin, commence Derived forms: ça commence à bien faire, charité bien ordonnée commence par soi-même, commencement, c’est quand le jeu devient dur que les durs commencent à jouer, pour commencer, tout est bien qui finit bien Related terms: initier
    Sense id: en-commencer-fr-verb-gVU0VkNQ Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French verbs with conjugation -cer, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries

Verb [Middle French]

Etymology: From Old French comencier. Etymology templates: {{inh|frm|fro|comencier}} Old French comencier Head templates: {{head|frm|verb}} commencer Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], commencer [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], commençant [gerund, participle, present], present participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], gerund of avoir + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], commencé [participle, past], commence [first-person, indicative, present, singular], commences [indicative, present, second-person, singular], commence [indicative, present, singular, third-person], commençons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], commencez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], commencent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], commençois [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], commençoys [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], commençois [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], commençoys [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], commençoit [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], commençoyt [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], commencions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], commençons [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], commenciez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], commencyez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], commençoient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], commençoyent [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], commença [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], commenças [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], commença [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], commençasmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], commençastes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], commencerent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], commencerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], commenceray [first-person, future, indicative, singular], commenceras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], commencera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], commencerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], commencerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], commenceront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], commencerois [conditional, first-person, singular], commenceroys [conditional, first-person, singular], commencerois [conditional, second-person, singular], commenceroys [conditional, second-person, singular], commenceroit [conditional, singular, third-person], commenceroyt [conditional, singular, third-person], commencerions [conditional, first-person, plural], commenceryons [conditional, first-person, plural], commenceriez [conditional, plural, second-person], commenceryez [conditional, plural, second-person], commenceroient [conditional, plural, third-person], commenceroyent [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], commence [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], commences [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], commence [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], commençons [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], commencez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], commencent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], commençasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], commençasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], commençast [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], commençassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], commençassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], commençassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], commence [imperative, second-person, singular], commençons [first-person, imperative, plural], commencez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. (ambitransitive) to start; to begin Tags: ambitransitive
    Sense id: en-commencer-frm-verb-b3rfnXQG Categories (other): Middle French entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "commence",
        "3": "er",
        "id2": "agent noun"
      },
      "expansion": "commence + -er",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From commence + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "commencers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "commencer (plural commencers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One who commences."
      ],
      "id": "en-commencer-en-noun-Qk3AJE6C",
      "links": [
        [
          "commence",
          "commence"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "commencer"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ht",
            "2": "komanse"
          },
          "expansion": "Haitian Creole: komanse",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Haitian Creole: komanse"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "komenci",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Esperanto: komenci",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Esperanto: komenci"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "commencer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French commencer",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "commencer"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French commencer",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "comencier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French comencier",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*cominitiāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French commencer, from Old French comencier, from Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençant",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencé",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commences",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençons",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencez",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencent",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençais",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençais",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençait",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencions",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenciez",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençaient",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençai",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenças",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commença",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençâmes",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençâtes",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencèrent",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerai",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceras",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencera",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerons",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerez",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceront",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerais",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerais",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerait",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerions",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceriez",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceraient",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commences",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencions",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenciez",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencent",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençasse",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençasses",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençât",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençassions",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençassiez",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençassent",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençons",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencez",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commancer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "commencer",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -cer",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "ça commence à bien faire"
        },
        {
          "word": "charité bien ordonnée commence par soi-même"
        },
        {
          "word": "commencement"
        },
        {
          "word": "c’est quand le jeu devient dur que les durs commencent à jouer"
        },
        {
          "word": "pour commencer"
        },
        {
          "word": "tout est bien qui finit bien"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              5,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "english": "It's starting to get on my nerves.",
          "text": "Ça commence à m’énerver.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "It was beginning to rain when we left.",
          "text": "Il commençait à pleuvoir quand nous partîmes.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              142,
              147
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              130,
              138
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Georges pushed the door, which was open as usual. He gingerly crossed the hall with the slippery tiles, which had been polished too well, and began climbing up the stairs.",
          "ref": "1956, Laurent Adler, À fleur de peau, Paris: Éditions de Paris:",
          "text": "Georges poussa la porte, ouverte comme d’habitude. Il traversa à pas comptés le hall au carrelage glissant, trop bien astiqué, et commença de monter l’escalier.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to begin, commence"
      ],
      "id": "en-commencer-fr-verb-gVU0VkNQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "begin",
          "begin"
        ],
        [
          "commence",
          "commence"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "initier"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-commencer.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/Fr-commencer.ogg/Fr-commencer.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Fr-commencer.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "commencer"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "commencer"
          },
          "expansion": "French: commencer",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: commencer (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "comencier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French comencier",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French comencier.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "m",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commences",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençois",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençoys",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençois",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençoys",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençoyt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenciez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencyez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençoient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençoyent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commença",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenças",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commença",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençasmes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençastes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceray",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerois",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceroys",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerois",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceroys",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceroyt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceryons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceryez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceroyent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commences",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençasse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençasses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençassions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençassiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençassent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "commencer",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle French",
  "lang_code": "frm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to start; to begin"
      ],
      "id": "en-commencer-frm-verb-b3rfnXQG",
      "links": [
        [
          "start",
          "start"
        ],
        [
          "begin",
          "begin"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) to start; to begin"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "commencer"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "commence",
        "3": "er",
        "id2": "agent noun"
      },
      "expansion": "commence + -er",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From commence + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "commencers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "commencer (plural commencers)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One who commences."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "commence",
          "commence"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "commencer"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ça commence à bien faire"
    },
    {
      "word": "charité bien ordonnée commence par soi-même"
    },
    {
      "word": "commencement"
    },
    {
      "word": "c’est quand le jeu devient dur que les durs commencent à jouer"
    },
    {
      "word": "pour commencer"
    },
    {
      "word": "tout est bien qui finit bien"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ht",
            "2": "komanse"
          },
          "expansion": "Haitian Creole: komanse",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Haitian Creole: komanse"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "eo",
            "2": "komenci",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Esperanto: komenci",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Esperanto: komenci"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "commencer",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French commencer",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "commencer"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Middle French commencer",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "comencier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French comencier",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*cominitiāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French commencer, from Old French comencier, from Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençant",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencé",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commences",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençons",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencez",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencent",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençais",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençais",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençait",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencions",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenciez",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençaient",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençai",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenças",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commença",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençâmes",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençâtes",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencèrent",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerai",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceras",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencera",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerons",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerez",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceront",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerais",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerais",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerait",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerions",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceriez",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceraient",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commences",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencions",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenciez",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencent",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençasse",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençasses",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençât",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençassions",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençassiez",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençassent",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençons",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencez",
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commancer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "commencer",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "initier"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French 3-syllable words",
        "French entries with incorrect language header",
        "French first group verbs",
        "French lemmas",
        "French terms derived from Middle French",
        "French terms derived from Old French",
        "French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
        "French terms inherited from Middle French",
        "French terms inherited from Old French",
        "French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
        "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "French terms with quotations",
        "French terms with usage examples",
        "French verbs",
        "French verbs with conjugation -cer",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              5,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "english": "It's starting to get on my nerves.",
          "text": "Ça commence à m’énerver.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "It was beginning to rain when we left.",
          "text": "Il commençait à pleuvoir quand nous partîmes.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              142,
              147
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              130,
              138
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Georges pushed the door, which was open as usual. He gingerly crossed the hall with the slippery tiles, which had been polished too well, and began climbing up the stairs.",
          "ref": "1956, Laurent Adler, À fleur de peau, Paris: Éditions de Paris:",
          "text": "Georges poussa la porte, ouverte comme d’habitude. Il traversa à pas comptés le hall au carrelage glissant, trop bien astiqué, et commença de monter l’escalier.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to begin, commence"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "begin",
          "begin"
        ],
        [
          "commence",
          "commence"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Fr-commencer.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/Fr-commencer.ogg/Fr-commencer.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Fr-commencer.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "commencer"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "commencer"
          },
          "expansion": "French: commencer",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: commencer (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "comencier"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French comencier",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old French comencier.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "m",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençant",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gerund of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencé",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commences",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençois",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençoys",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençois",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençoys",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençoit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençoyt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenciez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencyez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençoient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençoyent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commença",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenças",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commença",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençasmes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençastes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceray",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceras",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceront",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerois",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceroys",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerois",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceroys",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceroit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceroyt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencerions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceryons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceriez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceryez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceroient",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commenceroyent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commences",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençasse",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençasses",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençassions",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençassiez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençassent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commence",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commençons",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "commencez",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frm",
        "2": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "commencer",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle French",
  "lang_code": "frm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle French first group verbs",
        "Middle French intransitive verbs",
        "Middle French lemmas",
        "Middle French terms derived from Old French",
        "Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
        "Middle French transitive verbs",
        "Middle French verbs",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to start; to begin"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "start",
          "start"
        ],
        [
          "begin",
          "begin"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) to start; to begin"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "commencer"
}

Download raw JSONL data for commencer meaning in All languages combined (22.3kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (c3cc510 and 1d3fdbf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.