See commencer on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "commence",
"3": "er",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "commence + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From commence + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "commencers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commencer (plural commencers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who commences."
],
"id": "en-commencer-en-noun-Qk3AJE6C",
"links": [
[
"commence",
"commence"
]
]
}
],
"word": "commencer"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "komanse"
},
"expansion": "Haitian Creole: komanse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Haitian Creole: komanse"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "komenci",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: komenci",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: komenci"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "commencer",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French commencer",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "commencer"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French commencer",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comencier"
},
"expansion": "Old French comencier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*cominitiāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French commencer, from Old French comencier, from Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "commencer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "commençant",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "commencé",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "commence",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commences",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commence",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commençons",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "commencez",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencent",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commençais",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commençais",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commençait",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencions",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commenciez",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commençaient",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commençai",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commenças",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commença",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commençâmes",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commençâtes",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencèrent",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencerai",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commenceras",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commencera",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencerons",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commencerez",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commenceront",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencerais",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commencerais",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commencerait",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencerions",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commenceriez",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commenceraient",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "commence",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commences",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commence",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencions",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commenciez",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commencent",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commençasse",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commençasses",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commençât",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commençassions",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commençassiez",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commençassent",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commence",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commençons",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commencez",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commencer",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French verbs with conjugation -cer",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ça commence à bien faire"
},
{
"word": "charité bien ordonnée commence par soi-même"
},
{
"word": "commencement"
},
{
"word": "c’est quand le jeu devient dur que les durs commencent à jouer"
},
{
"word": "pour commencer"
},
{
"word": "tout est bien qui finit bien"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's starting to get on my nerves.",
"text": "Ça commence à m’énerver.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It was beginning to rain when we left.",
"text": "Il commençait à pleuvoir quand nous partîmes.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Georges pushed the door, which was open as usual. He gingerly crossed the hall with the slippery tiles, which had been polished too well, and began climbing up the stairs.",
"ref": "1956, Laurent Adler, À fleur de peau, Paris: Éditions de Paris:",
"text": "Georges poussa la porte, ouverte comme d’habitude. Il traversa à pas comptés le hall au carrelage glissant, trop bien astiqué, et commença de monter l’escalier.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to begin, commence"
],
"id": "en-commencer-fr-verb-gVU0VkNQ",
"links": [
[
"begin",
"begin"
],
[
"commence",
"commence"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "initier"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "commancer"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-commencer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/Fr-commencer.ogg/Fr-commencer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Fr-commencer.ogg"
}
],
"word": "commencer"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "commencer"
},
"expansion": "French: commencer",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "French: commencer (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comencier"
},
"expansion": "Old French comencier",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French comencier.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "m",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "commencer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "commençant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "commencer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to start; to begin"
],
"id": "en-commencer-frm-verb-b3rfnXQG",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"begin",
"begin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) to start; to begin"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "commencer"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "commence",
"3": "er",
"id2": "agent noun"
},
"expansion": "commence + -er",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From commence + -er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "commencers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commencer (plural commencers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms suffixed with -er (agent noun)",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"One who commences."
],
"links": [
[
"commence",
"commence"
]
]
}
],
"word": "commencer"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "ça commence à bien faire"
},
{
"word": "charité bien ordonnée commence par soi-même"
},
{
"word": "commencement"
},
{
"word": "c’est quand le jeu devient dur que les durs commencent à jouer"
},
{
"word": "pour commencer"
},
{
"word": "tout est bien qui finit bien"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "komanse"
},
"expansion": "Haitian Creole: komanse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Haitian Creole: komanse"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "komenci",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: komenci",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: komenci"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "commencer",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French commencer",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "commencer"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French commencer",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comencier"
},
"expansion": "Old French comencier",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "*cominitiāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French commencer, from Old French comencier, from Vulgar Latin *cominitiāre.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fr-conj-auto",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "commencer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "commençant",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɑ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ayant + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"multiword-construction",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "commencé",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "commence",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commences",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commence",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commençons",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "commencez",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencent",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commençais",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commençais",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commençait",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencions",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commenciez",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commençaient",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commençai",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commenças",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commença",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commençâmes",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sam/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commençâtes",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sat/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencèrent",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɛʁ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"historic",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencerai",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commenceras",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commencera",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencerons",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commencerez",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁe/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commenceront",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencerais",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commencerais",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commencerait",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencerions",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commenceriez",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sə.ʁje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commenceraient",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sʁɛ/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"anterior",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "future of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"indicative",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"multiword-construction",
"perfect"
]
},
{
"form": "commence",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commences",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commence",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commencions",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commenciez",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commencent",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commençasse",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commençasses",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commençât",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "commençassions",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commençassiez",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sa.sje/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commençassent",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sas/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"multiword-construction",
"pluperfect",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "commence",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃s/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commençons",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.sɔ̃/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commencez",
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"multiword-construction",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commencer",
"name": "fr-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "fr-conj-auto"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "initier"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 3-syllable words",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French first group verbs",
"French lemmas",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with quotations",
"French terms with usage examples",
"French verbs",
"French verbs with conjugation -cer",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's starting to get on my nerves.",
"text": "Ça commence à m’énerver.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "It was beginning to rain when we left.",
"text": "Il commençait à pleuvoir quand nous partîmes.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Georges pushed the door, which was open as usual. He gingerly crossed the hall with the slippery tiles, which had been polished too well, and began climbing up the stairs.",
"ref": "1956, Laurent Adler, À fleur de peau, Paris: Éditions de Paris:",
"text": "Georges poussa la porte, ouverte comme d’habitude. Il traversa à pas comptés le hall au carrelage glissant, trop bien astiqué, et commença de monter l’escalier.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to begin, commence"
],
"links": [
[
"begin",
"begin"
],
[
"commence",
"commence"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.mɑ̃.se/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-commencer.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/Fr-commencer.ogg/Fr-commencer.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Fr-commencer.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "commancer"
}
],
"word": "commencer"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "commencer"
},
"expansion": "French: commencer",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "French: commencer (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comencier"
},
"expansion": "Old French comencier",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French comencier.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "m",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "commencer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "avoir + past participle",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"multiword-construction"
]
},
{
"form": "commençant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"participle",
"present"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "commencer",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French first group verbs",
"Middle French intransitive verbs",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Middle French transitive verbs",
"Middle French verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to start; to begin"
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"start",
"start"
],
[
"begin",
"begin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) to start; to begin"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "commencer"
}
Download raw JSONL data for commencer meaning in All languages combined (14.0kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"commencer"
],
"section": "Middle French",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "commencer",
"trace": "started on line 9, detected on line 46"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"commencer"
],
"section": "Middle French",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "commencer",
"trace": "started on line 7, detected on line 46"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"commencer"
],
"section": "Middle French",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "commencer",
"trace": "started on line 5, detected on line 46"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'present participle or gerund of'",
"path": [
"commencer"
],
"section": "Middle French",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "commencer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"commencer"
],
"section": "Middle French",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "commencer",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"commencer"
],
"section": "Middle French",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "commencer",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.