See cleft on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "anal cleft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cleft chin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cleft foot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cleftgraft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cleft grafting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cleft lip"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cleft of Venus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cleft palate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cleft sentence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cleft stick"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gluteal cleft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "intergluteal cleft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "natal cleft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "noncleft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pseudocleft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pudendal cleft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Rathke's cleft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "synaptic cleft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "uncleft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "watercleft"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "clift"
},
"expansion": "Middle English clift",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġeclyft"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġeclyft",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klufti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klufti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kluftiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kluftiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cleave",
"3": "-t",
"t2": "-th"
},
"expansion": "cleave + -t (“-th”)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klucht",
"3": "",
"4": "coarse comedy"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "klyft",
"3": "",
"4": "cave, den"
},
"expansion": "Swedish klyft (“cave, den”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kluft"
},
"expansion": "German Kluft",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English clift, from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-West Germanic *klufti, from Proto-Germanic *kluftiz, equivalent to cleave + -t (“-th”). Compare Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”), Swedish klyft (“cave, den”), German Kluft. See cleave.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "clefts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cleft (plural clefts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cleavage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cleave"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cleaver"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "cloven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dimple"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 43 7 5 25 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 13 20 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -t",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 50 5 7 27 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "7 47 7 8 24 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
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"_dis": "5 53 5 6 27 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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{
"_dis": "46 18 11 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
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{
"_dis": "55 9 9 27",
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"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
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{
"_dis": "56 9 9 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "12 40 10 5 24 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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{
"_dis": "59 6 6 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
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{
"_dis": "50 10 14 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "7 47 8 6 24 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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{
"_dis": "50 9 13 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "57 9 8 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "58 9 10 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "56 10 9 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
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{
"_dis": "8 42 11 5 26 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
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{
"_dis": "47 15 6 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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{
"_dis": "55 7 10 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "55 7 10 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
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{
"_dis": "53 10 9 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
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{
"_dis": "7 50 7 8 22 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
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{
"_dis": "52 9 8 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
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{
"_dis": "51 14 9 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "8 46 9 7 23 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "8 46 9 7 23 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
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{
"_dis": "56 9 10 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "53 12 8 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "48 11 11 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
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{
"_dis": "53 9 8 30",
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"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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{
"_dis": "54 7 10 29",
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{
"_dis": "53 9 9 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "55 7 10 28",
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"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
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{
"_dis": "7 47 8 6 24 8",
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"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
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{
"_dis": "55 9 8 28",
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{
"_dis": "57 7 10 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zazaki translations",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XXVI:",
"text": "Then came some palsied oak, a cleft in him / Like a distorted mouth that splits its rim / Gaping at death, and dies while it recoils.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An opening, fissure, or V-shaped indentation made by or as if by splitting."
],
"id": "en-cleft-en-noun-UoTaxMsH",
"links": [
[
"opening",
"opening"
],
[
"fissure",
"fissure"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šaqq",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَقّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šarm",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَرْم"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣadʕ",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "صَدْع"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "cepnatina",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цепнатина"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "cepka",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цепка"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "裂縫"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lièfèng",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "裂缝"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trhlina"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prasklina"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "štěrbina"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puklina"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rozštěp"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "revne"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "spalte"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spleet"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kloof"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "lovi"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fissure"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fenda"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spalte"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Riß"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "rhōkhmós",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ῥωχμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שסע"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "בקע"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "vidar",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "विदर"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "darār",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "दरार"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "vibhrañś",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "विभ्रंश"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "phaṭan",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "फटन"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "phaṭāv",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "फटाव"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "hasadék"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "fessura"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"alt": "さけめ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sakeme",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "裂け目"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"alt": "われめ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "wareme",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "割れ目"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gol",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "골"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sat",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "샅"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "cepnátina",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цепна́тина"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "cépka",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "це́пка"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of rock/in rock",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "hakono"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "revne"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "spalte"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fracha"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fendascla"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fendilha"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ascladura"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "fıtık",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "فتق"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "szczelina"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rachadura"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fissura"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "partido"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasščélina",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "расще́лина"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tréščina",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тре́щина"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rassélina",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "рассе́лина"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пукотина"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pukotina"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hendidura"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klyfta"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "spricka"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "rämna"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "yarık"
},
{
"_dis1": "54 44 2",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "qeliş"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a cleft of wood"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A piece made by splitting."
],
"id": "en-cleft-en-noun-zEov5DDK"
},
{
"glosses": [
"A disease of horses; a crack on the band of the pastern."
],
"id": "en-cleft-en-noun-LZ1R2moW",
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"pastern",
"pastern"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/klɛft/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛft"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cleft"
],
"word": "cleft"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "clift"
},
"expansion": "Middle English clift",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġeclyft"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġeclyft",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klufti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klufti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kluftiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kluftiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cleave",
"3": "-t",
"t2": "-th"
},
"expansion": "cleave + -t (“-th”)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klucht",
"3": "",
"4": "coarse comedy"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "klyft",
"3": "",
"4": "cave, den"
},
"expansion": "Swedish klyft (“cave, den”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kluft"
},
"expansion": "German Kluft",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English clift, from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-West Germanic *klufti, from Proto-Germanic *kluftiz, equivalent to cleave + -t (“-th”). Compare Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”), Swedish klyft (“cave, den”), German Kluft. See cleave.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "clefts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clefting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clefted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "clefted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cleft (third-person singular simple present clefts, present participle clefting, simple past and past participle clefted)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1983, John Haiman, Pamela Munro, editors, Switch-reference and Universal Grammar: Proceedings of a Symposium on Switch Reference and Universal Grammar, Winnipeg, May 1981:",
"text": "This may be so because in most languages the most natural clefting involves NP's, and it is in fact hard in most languages to cleft the verb, although some — notably Kwa languages in West-Africa — allow such clefting.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Claire Lefebvre, A Grammar of Fongbe, page 521:",
"text": "When the affected object is clefted, the clefted constituent may be assigned a contrastive reading on the event denoted by the clause, as is shown in (62).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Katharina Hartmann, Cleft Structures, page 270:",
"text": "The strategy the language employs is to cleft the clause containing the wh-phrase, as exemplified in (3) […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To syntactically separate a prominent constituent from the rest of the clause that concerns it, such as threat in \"The threat which I saw but which he didn't see, was his downfall.\""
],
"id": "en-cleft-en-verb-ShcoqyHP",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) To syntactically separate a prominent constituent from the rest of the clause that concerns it, such as threat in \"The threat which I saw but which he didn't see, was his downfall.\""
],
"related": [
{
"word": "clefting"
},
{
"word": "cleft sentence"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/klɛft/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛft"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cleft"
],
"word": "cleft"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "cleft",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cleave"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past and past participle of cleave"
],
"id": "en-cleft-en-verb-AFAhBzfw",
"links": [
[
"cleave",
"cleave#Etymology 1"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/klɛft/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛft"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cleft"
],
"word": "cleft"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "cleft (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "in a cleft stick"
}
],
"glosses": [
"split, divided, or partially divided into two."
],
"id": "en-cleft-en-adj-WRoKrEWj",
"links": [
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"divided",
"divided"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cloven"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
"word": "rozštěpený"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
"word": "halkinainen"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "vidlit",
"sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
"word": "विदलित"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
"word": "bifidus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
"word": "tararua"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
"word": "kløyve"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
"word": "klyva"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/klɛft/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛft"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cleft"
],
"word": "cleft"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "el",
"3": "κλέφτης"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Greek κλέφτης (kléftis)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Greek κλέφτης (kléftis).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "clefți",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cleft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un cleft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cleftul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clefți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște clefți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clefții",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cleft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui cleft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cleftului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clefți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor clefți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clefților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cleftule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "clefților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "clefți"
},
"expansion": "cleft m (plural clefți)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "clefților",
"gpi": "clefți",
"gsd": "cleftului",
"gsi": "cleft",
"n": "",
"npd": "clefții",
"npi": "clefți",
"nsd": "cleftul",
"nsi": "cleft",
"vp": "clefților",
"vs": "cleftule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"klepht"
],
"id": "en-cleft-ro-noun-AxxHYwx0",
"links": [
[
"klepht",
"klepht"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "cleft"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular past participles",
"English irregular simple past forms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *glewbʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -t",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verb forms",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛft",
"Rhymes:English/ɛft/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "anal cleft"
},
{
"word": "cleft chin"
},
{
"word": "cleft foot"
},
{
"word": "cleftgraft"
},
{
"word": "cleft grafting"
},
{
"word": "cleft lip"
},
{
"word": "cleft of Venus"
},
{
"word": "cleft palate"
},
{
"word": "cleft sentence"
},
{
"word": "cleft stick"
},
{
"word": "gluteal cleft"
},
{
"word": "intergluteal cleft"
},
{
"word": "natal cleft"
},
{
"word": "noncleft"
},
{
"word": "pseudocleft"
},
{
"word": "pudendal cleft"
},
{
"word": "Rathke's cleft"
},
{
"word": "synaptic cleft"
},
{
"word": "uncleft"
},
{
"word": "watercleft"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "clift"
},
"expansion": "Middle English clift",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġeclyft"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġeclyft",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klufti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klufti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kluftiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kluftiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cleave",
"3": "-t",
"t2": "-th"
},
"expansion": "cleave + -t (“-th”)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klucht",
"3": "",
"4": "coarse comedy"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "klyft",
"3": "",
"4": "cave, den"
},
"expansion": "Swedish klyft (“cave, den”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kluft"
},
"expansion": "German Kluft",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English clift, from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-West Germanic *klufti, from Proto-Germanic *kluftiz, equivalent to cleave + -t (“-th”). Compare Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”), Swedish klyft (“cave, den”), German Kluft. See cleave.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "clefts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cleft (plural clefts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cleavage"
},
{
"word": "cleave"
},
{
"word": "cleaver"
},
{
"word": "cloven"
},
{
"word": "dimple"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XXVI:",
"text": "Then came some palsied oak, a cleft in him / Like a distorted mouth that splits its rim / Gaping at death, and dies while it recoils.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An opening, fissure, or V-shaped indentation made by or as if by splitting."
],
"links": [
[
"opening",
"opening"
],
[
"fissure",
"fissure"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a cleft of wood"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A piece made by splitting."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A disease of horses; a crack on the band of the pastern."
],
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"pastern",
"pastern"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/klɛft/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛft"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šaqq",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَقّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šarm",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَرْم"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣadʕ",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "صَدْع"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "cepnatina",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цепнатина"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "cepka",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цепка"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "裂縫"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lièfèng",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "裂缝"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trhlina"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "prasklina"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "štěrbina"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puklina"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rozštěp"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "revne"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "spalte"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "spleet"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kloof"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "lovi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fissure"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fenda"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Spalte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Riß"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "rhōkhmós",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ῥωχμός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שסע"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "בקע"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "vidar",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "विदर"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "darār",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "दरार"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "vibhrañś",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "विभ्रंश"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "phaṭan",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "फटन"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "phaṭāv",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "फटाव"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "hasadék"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "fessura"
},
{
"alt": "さけめ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sakeme",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "裂け目"
},
{
"alt": "われめ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "wareme",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "割れ目"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gol",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "골"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sat",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "샅"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "cepnátina",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "цепна́тина"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "cépka",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "це́пка"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of rock/in rock",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "hakono"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "revne"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "spalte"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fracha"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fendascla"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fendilha"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ascladura"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "fıtık",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "فتق"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "szczelina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rachadura"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fissura"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "partido"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasščélina",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "расще́лина"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tréščina",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "тре́щина"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rassélina",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "рассе́лина"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "пукотина"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pukotina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hendidura"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klyfta"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "spricka"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "rämna"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "yarık"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
"word": "qeliş"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cleft"
],
"word": "cleft"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English irregular past participles",
"English irregular simple past forms",
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"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *glewbʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -t",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verb forms",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛft",
"Rhymes:English/ɛft/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "clift"
},
"expansion": "Middle English clift",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ġeclyft"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġeclyft",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klufti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klufti",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cleave",
"3": "-t",
"t2": "-th"
},
"expansion": "cleave + -t (“-th”)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klucht",
"3": "",
"4": "coarse comedy"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "klyft",
"3": "",
"4": "cave, den"
},
"expansion": "Swedish klyft (“cave, den”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kluft"
},
"expansion": "German Kluft",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English clift, from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-West Germanic *klufti, from Proto-Germanic *kluftiz, equivalent to cleave + -t (“-th”). Compare Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”), Swedish klyft (“cave, den”), German Kluft. See cleave.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "clefts",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clefting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clefted",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "clefted",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "clefting"
},
{
"word": "cleft sentence"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Linguistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1983, John Haiman, Pamela Munro, editors, Switch-reference and Universal Grammar: Proceedings of a Symposium on Switch Reference and Universal Grammar, Winnipeg, May 1981:",
"text": "This may be so because in most languages the most natural clefting involves NP's, and it is in fact hard in most languages to cleft the verb, although some — notably Kwa languages in West-Africa — allow such clefting.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002, Claire Lefebvre, A Grammar of Fongbe, page 521:",
"text": "When the affected object is clefted, the clefted constituent may be assigned a contrastive reading on the event denoted by the clause, as is shown in (62).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Katharina Hartmann, Cleft Structures, page 270:",
"text": "The strategy the language employs is to cleft the clause containing the wh-phrase, as exemplified in (3) […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To syntactically separate a prominent constituent from the rest of the clause that concerns it, such as threat in \"The threat which I saw but which he didn't see, was his downfall.\""
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) To syntactically separate a prominent constituent from the rest of the clause that concerns it, such as threat in \"The threat which I saw but which he didn't see, was his downfall.\""
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/klɛft/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛft"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cleft"
],
"word": "cleft"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
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"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛft",
"Rhymes:English/ɛft/1 syllable",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "verb form"
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"expansion": "cleft",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English links with manual fragments",
"English links with redundant alt parameters",
"English links with redundant wikilinks"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "cleave"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past and past participle of cleave"
],
"links": [
[
"cleave",
"cleave#Etymology 1"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/klɛft/"
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{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛft"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cleft"
],
"word": "cleft"
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{
"categories": [
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"Rhymes:English/ɛft",
"Rhymes:English/ɛft/1 syllable",
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"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "in a cleft stick"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
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"expansion": "cleft (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"split, divided, or partially divided into two."
],
"links": [
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"divided",
"divided"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cloven"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/klɛft/"
},
{
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛft"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
"word": "rozštěpený"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
"word": "halkinainen"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "vidlit",
"sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
"word": "विदलित"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
"word": "bifidus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
"word": "tararua"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
"word": "kløyve"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
"word": "klyva"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cleft"
],
"word": "cleft"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "el",
"3": "κλέφτης"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Greek κλέφτης (kléftis)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Greek κλέφτης (kléftis).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "clefți",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cleft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un cleft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cleftul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clefți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște clefți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clefții",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cleft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui cleft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cleftului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clefți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor clefți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clefților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cleftule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "clefților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "clefți"
},
"expansion": "cleft m (plural clefți)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "clefților",
"gpi": "clefți",
"gsd": "cleftului",
"gsi": "cleft",
"n": "",
"npd": "clefții",
"npi": "clefți",
"nsd": "cleftul",
"nsi": "cleft",
"vp": "clefților",
"vs": "cleftule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Greek",
"Romanian terms derived from Greek"
],
"glosses": [
"klepht"
],
"links": [
[
"klepht",
"klepht"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "cleft"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cleft meaning in All languages combined (25.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.