"cleft" meaning in English

See cleft in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /klɛft/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav [Southern-England]
Rhymes: -ɛft Head templates: {{en-adj|-}} cleft (not comparable)
  1. split, divided, or partially divided into two. Tags: not-comparable Synonyms: cloven Derived forms: in a cleft stick Translations (Split, divided, or partially divided into two): rozštěpený (Czech), halkinainen (Finnish), विदलित (vidlit) (Hindi), bifidus (Latin), tararua (Maori), kløyve (Norwegian), klyva (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-cleft-en-adj-WRoKrEWj
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: /klɛft/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav [Southern-England] Forms: clefts [plural]
Rhymes: -ɛft Etymology: From Middle English clift, from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-Germanic *(ga)kluftiz. Compare Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”), Swedish klyft (“cave, den”), German Kluft. See cleave. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*glewbʰ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|clift}} Middle English clift, {{inh|en|ang|ġeclyft}} Old English ġeclyft, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*kluftiz|*(ga)kluftiz}} Proto-Germanic *(ga)kluftiz, {{cog|nl|klucht||coarse comedy}} Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”), {{cog|sv|klyft||cave, den}} Swedish klyft (“cave, den”), {{cog|de|Kluft}} German Kluft, {{m|en|cleave}} cleave Head templates: {{en-noun}} cleft (plural clefts)
  1. An opening, fissure, or V-shaped indentation made by or as if by splitting. Translations (opening made or as if made by splitting): ῥωχμός (rhōkhmós) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), شَقّ (šaqq) [masculine] (Arabic), شَرْم (šarm) [masculine] (Arabic), صَدْع (ṣadʕ) [masculine] (Arabic), цепнатина (cepnatina) [feminine] (Bulgarian), цепка (cepka) [feminine] (Bulgarian), 裂縫 (Chinese Mandarin), 裂缝 (lièfèng) (Chinese Mandarin), trhlina [feminine] (Czech), prasklina [feminine] (Czech), štěrbina [feminine] (Czech), puklina [feminine] (Czech), rozštěp [masculine] (Czech), revne [common-gender] (Danish), spalte (Danish), spleet [feminine] (Dutch), kloof [feminine] (Dutch), lovi (Finnish), fissure [feminine] (French), fenda [feminine] (Galician), Spalte [feminine] (German), Riß [masculine] (German), שסע [masculine] (Hebrew), בקע [masculine] (Hebrew), विदर (vidar) (Hindi), दरार (darār) (Hindi), विभ्रंश (vibhrañś) (Hindi), फटन (phaṭan) (Hindi), फटाव (phaṭāv) (Hindi), hasadék (Hungarian), fessura (Italian), 裂け目 (sakeme) (alt: さけめ) (Japanese), 割れ目 (wareme) (alt: われめ) (Japanese), (gol) (Korean), (sat) (Korean), цепна́тина (cepnátina) [feminine] (Macedonian), це́пка (cépka) [feminine] (Macedonian), hakono (note: of rock/in rock) (Maori), revne (Norwegian), spalte (Norwegian), fracha [feminine] (Occitan), fendascla [feminine] (Occitan), fendilha [feminine] (Occitan), ascladura [feminine] (Occitan), فتق (fıtık) (Ottoman Turkish), szczelina [feminine] (Polish), rachadura [feminine] (Portuguese), fissura [feminine] (Portuguese), partido [masculine] (Portuguese), расще́лина (rasščélina) [feminine] (Russian), тре́щина (tréščina) [feminine] (Russian), рассе́лина (rassélina) [feminine] (Russian), пукотина [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), pukotina [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), hendidura [feminine] (Spanish), klyfta [common-gender] (Swedish), spricka (Swedish), rämna (Swedish), yarık (Turkish), qeliş (Zazaki)
    Sense id: en-cleft-en-noun-UoTaxMsH Disambiguation of 'opening made or as if made by splitting': 54 43 2
  2. A piece made by splitting.
    Sense id: en-cleft-en-noun-zEov5DDK
  3. A disease of horses; a crack on the band of the pastern.
    Sense id: en-cleft-en-noun-LZ1R2moW
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: cleavage, cleave, cleaver, cloven, dimple

Verb

IPA: /klɛft/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav [Southern-England] Forms: clefts [present, singular, third-person], clefting [participle, present], clefted [participle, past], clefted [past]
Rhymes: -ɛft Etymology: From Middle English clift, from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-Germanic *(ga)kluftiz. Compare Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”), Swedish klyft (“cave, den”), German Kluft. See cleave. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*glewbʰ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|clift}} Middle English clift, {{inh|en|ang|ġeclyft}} Old English ġeclyft, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*kluftiz|*(ga)kluftiz}} Proto-Germanic *(ga)kluftiz, {{cog|nl|klucht||coarse comedy}} Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”), {{cog|sv|klyft||cave, den}} Swedish klyft (“cave, den”), {{cog|de|Kluft}} German Kluft, {{m|en|cleave}} cleave Head templates: {{en-verb}} cleft (third-person singular simple present clefts, present participle clefting, simple past and past participle clefted)
  1. (linguistics) To syntactically separate a prominent constituent from the rest of the clause that concerns it, such as threat in "The threat which I saw but which he didn't see, was his downfall." Categories (topical): Linguistics Related terms: clefting, cleft sentence
    Sense id: en-cleft-en-verb-ShcoqyHP Topics: human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb

IPA: /klɛft/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav [Southern-England]
Rhymes: -ɛft Head templates: {{head|en|verb form}} cleft
  1. simple past and past participle of cleave Tags: form-of, participle, past Form of: cleave
    Sense id: en-cleft-en-verb-AFAhBzfw Categories (other): English links with manual fragments, English links with redundant alt parameters, English links with redundant wikilinks, English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 4 26 5 3 15 46
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for cleft meaning in English (19.6kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "anal cleft"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cleft chin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cleft foot"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cleftgraft"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cleft grafting"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cleft lip"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cleft of Venus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cleft palate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cleft sentence"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cleft stick"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "gluteal cleft"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "intergluteal cleft"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "natal cleft"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "noncleft"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "pseudocleft"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "pudendal cleft"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "Rathke's cleft"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "synaptic cleft"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "uncleft"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*glewbʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "clift"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English clift",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ġeclyft"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġeclyft",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kluftiz",
        "4": "*(ga)kluftiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *(ga)kluftiz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "klucht",
        "3": "",
        "4": "coarse comedy"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "klyft",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cave, den"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish klyft (“cave, den”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kluft"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kluft",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cleave"
      },
      "expansion": "cleave",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English clift, from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-Germanic *(ga)kluftiz. Compare Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”), Swedish klyft (“cave, den”), German Kluft. See cleave.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "clefts",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cleft (plural clefts)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cleavage"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cleave"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cleaver"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "cloven"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "dimple"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XXVI",
          "text": "Then came some palsied oak, a cleft in him / Like a distorted mouth that splits its rim / Gaping at death, and dies while it recoils.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An opening, fissure, or V-shaped indentation made by or as if by splitting."
      ],
      "id": "en-cleft-en-noun-UoTaxMsH",
      "links": [
        [
          "opening",
          "opening"
        ],
        [
          "fissure",
          "fissure"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "šaqq",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "شَقّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "šarm",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "شَرْم"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ṣadʕ",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "صَدْع"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "cepnatina",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "цепнатина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "cepka",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "цепка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "裂縫"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "lièfèng",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "裂缝"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "trhlina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "prasklina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "štěrbina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "puklina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rozštěp"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "revne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "spalte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "spleet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "kloof"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "lovi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fissure"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fenda"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Spalte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Riß"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "rhōkhmós",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ῥωχμός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "שסע"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "בקע"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "vidar",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "विदर"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "darār",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "दरार"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "vibhrañś",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "विभ्रंश"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "phaṭan",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "फटन"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "phaṭāv",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "फटाव"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "hasadék"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "fessura"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "alt": "さけめ",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "sakeme",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "裂け目"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "alt": "われめ",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "wareme",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "割れ目"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "gol",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "골"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "sat",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "샅"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "cepnátina",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "цепна́тина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "cépka",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "це́пка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "note": "of rock/in rock",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "hakono"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "revne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "spalte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fracha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fendascla"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fendilha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ascladura"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "fıtık",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "فتق"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "szczelina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "rachadura"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fissura"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "partido"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "rasščélina",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "расще́лина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "tréščina",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "тре́щина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "rassélina",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "рассе́лина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "пукотина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "pukotina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "hendidura"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "klyfta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "spricka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "rämna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "yarık"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "54 43 2",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
          "word": "qeliş"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a cleft of wood"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A piece made by splitting."
      ],
      "id": "en-cleft-en-noun-zEov5DDK"
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A disease of horses; a crack on the band of the pastern."
      ],
      "id": "en-cleft-en-noun-LZ1R2moW",
      "links": [
        [
          "disease",
          "disease"
        ],
        [
          "horse",
          "horse"
        ],
        [
          "crack",
          "crack"
        ],
        [
          "band",
          "band"
        ],
        [
          "pastern",
          "pastern"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/klɛft/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛft"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "cleft"
  ],
  "word": "cleft"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*glewbʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "clift"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English clift",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ġeclyft"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġeclyft",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kluftiz",
        "4": "*(ga)kluftiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *(ga)kluftiz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "klucht",
        "3": "",
        "4": "coarse comedy"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "klyft",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cave, den"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish klyft (“cave, den”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kluft"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kluft",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cleave"
      },
      "expansion": "cleave",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English clift, from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-Germanic *(ga)kluftiz. Compare Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”), Swedish klyft (“cave, den”), German Kluft. See cleave.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "clefts",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "clefting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "clefted",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "clefted",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cleft (third-person singular simple present clefts, present participle clefting, simple past and past participle clefted)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Linguistics",
          "orig": "en:Linguistics",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1983, John Haiman, Pamela Munro, editors, Switch-reference and Universal Grammar: Proceedings of a Symposium on Switch Reference and Universal Grammar, Winnipeg, May 1981",
          "text": "This may be so because in most languages the most natural clefting involves NP's, and it is in fact hard in most languages to cleft the verb, although some — notably Kwa languages in West-Africa — allow such clefting.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002, Claire Lefebvre, A Grammar of Fongbe, page 521",
          "text": "When the affected object is clefted, the clefted constituent may be assigned a contrastive reading on the event denoted by the clause, as is shown in (62).",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Katharina Hartmann, Cleft Structures, page 270",
          "text": "The strategy the language employs is to cleft the clause containing the wh-phrase, as exemplified in (3) […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To syntactically separate a prominent constituent from the rest of the clause that concerns it, such as threat in \"The threat which I saw but which he didn't see, was his downfall.\""
      ],
      "id": "en-cleft-en-verb-ShcoqyHP",
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) To syntactically separate a prominent constituent from the rest of the clause that concerns it, such as threat in \"The threat which I saw but which he didn't see, was his downfall.\""
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "clefting"
        },
        {
          "word": "cleft sentence"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/klɛft/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛft"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "cleft"
  ],
  "word": "cleft"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "cleft",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 26 5 3 15 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "cleave"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "simple past and past participle of cleave"
      ],
      "id": "en-cleft-en-verb-AFAhBzfw",
      "links": [
        [
          "cleave",
          "cleave#Etymology 1"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/klɛft/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛft"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "cleft"
  ],
  "word": "cleft"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "cleft (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "in a cleft stick"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "split, divided, or partially divided into two."
      ],
      "id": "en-cleft-en-adj-WRoKrEWj",
      "links": [
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "divided",
          "divided"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cloven"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
          "word": "rozštěpený"
        },
        {
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
          "word": "halkinainen"
        },
        {
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "vidlit",
          "sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
          "word": "विदलित"
        },
        {
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
          "word": "bifidus"
        },
        {
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
          "word": "tararua"
        },
        {
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
          "word": "kløyve"
        },
        {
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
          "word": "klyva"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/klɛft/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛft"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "cleft"
  ],
  "word": "cleft"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English irregular past participles",
    "English irregular simple past forms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *glewbʰ-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English verb forms",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛft",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛft/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "anal cleft"
    },
    {
      "word": "cleft chin"
    },
    {
      "word": "cleft foot"
    },
    {
      "word": "cleftgraft"
    },
    {
      "word": "cleft grafting"
    },
    {
      "word": "cleft lip"
    },
    {
      "word": "cleft of Venus"
    },
    {
      "word": "cleft palate"
    },
    {
      "word": "cleft sentence"
    },
    {
      "word": "cleft stick"
    },
    {
      "word": "gluteal cleft"
    },
    {
      "word": "intergluteal cleft"
    },
    {
      "word": "natal cleft"
    },
    {
      "word": "noncleft"
    },
    {
      "word": "pseudocleft"
    },
    {
      "word": "pudendal cleft"
    },
    {
      "word": "Rathke's cleft"
    },
    {
      "word": "synaptic cleft"
    },
    {
      "word": "uncleft"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*glewbʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "clift"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English clift",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ġeclyft"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġeclyft",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kluftiz",
        "4": "*(ga)kluftiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *(ga)kluftiz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "klucht",
        "3": "",
        "4": "coarse comedy"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "klyft",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cave, den"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish klyft (“cave, den”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kluft"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kluft",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cleave"
      },
      "expansion": "cleave",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English clift, from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-Germanic *(ga)kluftiz. Compare Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”), Swedish klyft (“cave, den”), German Kluft. See cleave.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "clefts",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cleft (plural clefts)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "cleavage"
    },
    {
      "word": "cleave"
    },
    {
      "word": "cleaver"
    },
    {
      "word": "cloven"
    },
    {
      "word": "dimple"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1855, Robert Browning, Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came, section XXVI",
          "text": "Then came some palsied oak, a cleft in him / Like a distorted mouth that splits its rim / Gaping at death, and dies while it recoils.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An opening, fissure, or V-shaped indentation made by or as if by splitting."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "opening",
          "opening"
        ],
        [
          "fissure",
          "fissure"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "a cleft of wood"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A piece made by splitting."
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A disease of horses; a crack on the band of the pastern."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "disease",
          "disease"
        ],
        [
          "horse",
          "horse"
        ],
        [
          "crack",
          "crack"
        ],
        [
          "band",
          "band"
        ],
        [
          "pastern",
          "pastern"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/klɛft/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛft"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "šaqq",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "شَقّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "šarm",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "شَرْم"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ṣadʕ",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "صَدْع"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "cepnatina",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цепнатина"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "cepka",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цепка"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "裂縫"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "lièfèng",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "裂缝"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "trhlina"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "prasklina"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "štěrbina"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "puklina"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rozštěp"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "revne"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "spalte"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "spleet"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "kloof"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "lovi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fissure"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fenda"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Spalte"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Riß"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "rhōkhmós",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ῥωχμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "שסע"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "בקע"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "vidar",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "विदर"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "darār",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "दरार"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "vibhrañś",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "विभ्रंश"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "phaṭan",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "फटन"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "phaṭāv",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "फटाव"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "hasadék"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "fessura"
    },
    {
      "alt": "さけめ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "sakeme",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "裂け目"
    },
    {
      "alt": "われめ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "wareme",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "割れ目"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gol",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "골"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "sat",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "샅"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "cepnátina",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "цепна́тина"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "cépka",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "це́пка"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "note": "of rock/in rock",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "hakono"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "revne"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "spalte"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fracha"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fendascla"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fendilha"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ascladura"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "fıtık",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "فتق"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "szczelina"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "rachadura"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fissura"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "partido"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "rasščélina",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "расще́лина"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "tréščina",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "тре́щина"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "rassélina",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "рассе́лина"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "пукотина"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "pukotina"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "hendidura"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "klyfta"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "spricka"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "rämna"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "yarık"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "opening made or as if made by splitting",
      "word": "qeliş"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "cleft"
  ],
  "word": "cleft"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English irregular past participles",
    "English irregular simple past forms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *glewbʰ-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English verb forms",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛft",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛft/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*glewbʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "clift"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English clift",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "ġeclyft"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġeclyft",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*kluftiz",
        "4": "*(ga)kluftiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *(ga)kluftiz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "klucht",
        "3": "",
        "4": "coarse comedy"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "klyft",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cave, den"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish klyft (“cave, den”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kluft"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kluft",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "cleave"
      },
      "expansion": "cleave",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English clift, from Old English ġeclyft, from Proto-Germanic *(ga)kluftiz. Compare Dutch klucht (“coarse comedy”), Swedish klyft (“cave, den”), German Kluft. See cleave.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "clefts",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "clefting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "clefted",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "clefted",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "cleft (third-person singular simple present clefts, present participle clefting, simple past and past participle clefted)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "clefting"
    },
    {
      "word": "cleft sentence"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Linguistics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1983, John Haiman, Pamela Munro, editors, Switch-reference and Universal Grammar: Proceedings of a Symposium on Switch Reference and Universal Grammar, Winnipeg, May 1981",
          "text": "This may be so because in most languages the most natural clefting involves NP's, and it is in fact hard in most languages to cleft the verb, although some — notably Kwa languages in West-Africa — allow such clefting.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002, Claire Lefebvre, A Grammar of Fongbe, page 521",
          "text": "When the affected object is clefted, the clefted constituent may be assigned a contrastive reading on the event denoted by the clause, as is shown in (62).",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Katharina Hartmann, Cleft Structures, page 270",
          "text": "The strategy the language employs is to cleft the clause containing the wh-phrase, as exemplified in (3) […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To syntactically separate a prominent constituent from the rest of the clause that concerns it, such as threat in \"The threat which I saw but which he didn't see, was his downfall.\""
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "linguistics",
          "linguistics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(linguistics) To syntactically separate a prominent constituent from the rest of the clause that concerns it, such as threat in \"The threat which I saw but which he didn't see, was his downfall.\""
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/klɛft/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛft"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "cleft"
  ],
  "word": "cleft"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English irregular past participles",
    "English irregular simple past forms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English verb forms",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛft",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛft/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "cleft",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English links with manual fragments",
        "English links with redundant alt parameters",
        "English links with redundant wikilinks"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "cleave"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "simple past and past participle of cleave"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cleave",
          "cleave#Etymology 1"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/klɛft/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛft"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "cleft"
  ],
  "word": "cleft"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English irregular past participles",
    "English irregular simple past forms",
    "English lemmas",
    "English non-lemma forms",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncomparable adjectives",
    "English verb forms",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛft",
    "Rhymes:English/ɛft/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "in a cleft stick"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "cleft (not comparable)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "split, divided, or partially divided into two."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "split",
          "split"
        ],
        [
          "divided",
          "divided"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cloven"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/klɛft/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛft"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cleft.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cleft.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
      "word": "rozštěpený"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
      "word": "halkinainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "vidlit",
      "sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
      "word": "विदलित"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
      "word": "bifidus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
      "word": "tararua"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
      "word": "kløyve"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "Split, divided, or partially divided into two",
      "word": "klyva"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "cleft"
  ],
  "word": "cleft"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.