See cleave on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cleave meaning in All languages combined (28.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cleave gag"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cleven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cleven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "clēofan",
"t": "to split, to separate"
},
"expansion": "clēofan (“to split, to separate”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kleuban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kleuban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kleubaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kleubaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-",
"t": "to cut, to slice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to cut, to slice”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "clive"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of clive",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klieven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klieven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "klieben"
},
"expansion": "German klieben",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "klyva"
},
"expansion": "Swedish klyva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kløyva"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk kløyva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γλύφω",
"3": "",
"4": "carve"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cleven, from the Old English strong verb clēofan (“to split, to separate”), from Proto-West Germanic *kleuban, from Proto-Germanic *kleubaną, from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to cut, to slice”).\nDoublet of clive. Cognate with Dutch klieven, dialectal German klieben, Swedish klyva, Norwegian Nynorsk kløyva; also Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cleaves",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cleaving",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cleft",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "clove",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cleaved",
"tags": [
"UK",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "clave",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cleft",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cloven",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cleaved",
"tags": [
"UK",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cleaves",
"2": "cleaving",
"3": "cleft",
"past2": "clove",
"past3": "cleaved",
"past3_qual": "UK",
"past4": "clave",
"past4_qual": "archaic",
"past_ptc2": "cloven",
"past_ptc3": "cleaved",
"past_ptc3_qual": "UK"
},
"expansion": "cleave (third-person singular simple present cleaves, present participle cleaving, simple past cleft or clove or (UK) cleaved or (archaic) clave, past participle cleft or cloven or (UK) cleaved)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The wings cleaved the foggy air."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To split or sever something with, or as if with, a sharp instrument."
],
"id": "en-cleave-en-verb-uTMlaqrG",
"links": [
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"sever",
"sever"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To split or sever something with, or as if with, a sharp instrument."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šaqqa",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "شَقَّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fasaḵa",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "فَسَخَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣadaʕa",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "صَدَعَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "falaqa",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "فَلَقَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šarama",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "شَرَمَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "raskólvacʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раско́лваць"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rasščapljácʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "расшчапля́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kalócʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кало́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "cepja",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "цепя"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razcepvam",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "разцепвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "劈開"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pīkāi",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "劈开"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "proříznout"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozetnout"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozříznout"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "kløve"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "klieven"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "znzn",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "z:n-z:n-T30"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "halkaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"continuative"
],
"word": "halkoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "cliver"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "fendre"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "partir"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "tronzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "fender"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gaṗoba",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "გაპობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gač̣ra",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "გაჭრა"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gaḳveta",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "გაკვეთა"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "spalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "skhízō",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "σχίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "hasít"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "kljúfa"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "láta klofna"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "fendere"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"alt": "わる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "waru",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "割る"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jjogaeda",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "쪼개다"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "mākahi"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "matakahi"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "tīwara"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "kløyve"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "fendre"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "fendasclar"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "asclar"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "trencar"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "clēofan"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yarmak",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "یارمق"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "šaqqe kardan",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "شقه کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "partir"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "talhar"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "despica"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskályvatʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раска́лывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskolótʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "расколо́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razrezátʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "разреза́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razrézatʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "разре́зать"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rassekátʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "рассека́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasséčʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "рассе́чь"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kolótʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "коло́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasščepljátʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "расщепля́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasščepítʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "расщепи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "bhinatti",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "भिनत्ति"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "tṛntte",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "तृन्त्ते"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "hender"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "klyva"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "yarmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozkóljuvaty",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "розко́лювати"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozščépljuvaty",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "розще́плювати"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozščepýty",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "розщепи́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 5 3 14 29 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kolóty",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "коло́ти"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mineralogy",
"orig": "en:Mineralogy",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 16 31 1 8 1 7 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 15 30 2 8 1 8 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 12 29 0 15 0 9 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemical reactions",
"orig": "en:Chemical reactions",
"parents": [
"Chemistry",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To break a single crystal (such as a gemstone or semiconductor wafer) along one of its more symmetrical crystallographic planes (often by impact), forming facets on the resulting pieces."
],
"id": "en-cleave-en-verb-3FB6BsZR",
"links": [
[
"mineralogy",
"mineralogy"
],
[
"crystal",
"crystal"
],
[
"gemstone",
"gemstone"
],
[
"semiconductor",
"semiconductor"
],
[
"wafer",
"wafer"
],
[
"symmetrical",
"symmetrical"
],
[
"crystallographic",
"crystallographic"
],
[
"plane",
"plane"
],
[
"impact",
"impact"
],
[
"facet",
"facet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, mineralogy) To break a single crystal (such as a gemstone or semiconductor wafer) along one of its more symmetrical crystallographic planes (often by impact), forming facets on the resulting pieces."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"geography",
"geology",
"mineralogy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "22 32 16 25 0 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "transitive figurative",
"word": "halkoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 32 16 25 0 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "transitive figurative",
"word": "cliver"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 32 16 25 0 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "transitive figurative",
"word": "tronzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 32 16 25 0 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "transitive figurative",
"word": "ritagliarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 32 16 25 0 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive figurative",
"word": "clivar"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 32 16 25 0 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskályvatʹ",
"sense": "transitive figurative",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раска́лывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 32 16 25 0 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskolótʹ",
"sense": "transitive figurative",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "расколо́ть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The truck cleaved a path through the ice."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make or accomplish by or as if by cutting."
],
"id": "en-cleave-en-verb-3G5vcCws",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make or accomplish by or as if by cutting."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"(chemistry) To split (a complex molecule) into simpler molecules."
],
"id": "en-cleave-en-verb-911x5s9M",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) (chemistry) To split (a complex molecule) into simpler molecules."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To split."
],
"id": "en-cleave-en-verb-xGs1q-fn",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To split."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "cepja se",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "цепя се"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozetnout"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "splitsen"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "haljeta"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "lohjeta"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "fendre"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "spaccare"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "fendasclar"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "fendre"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "asclar"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskályvatʹ",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раска́лывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskolótʹ",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "расколо́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "klyvas"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "splittras"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 2 0 18 53 15",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "klyva sig"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mineralogy",
"orig": "en:Mineralogy",
"parents": [
"Geology",
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a crystal, to split along a natural plane of division."
],
"id": "en-cleave-en-verb-VvpUj30l",
"links": [
[
"mineralogy",
"mineralogy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, mineralogy) Of a crystal, to split along a natural plane of division."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"geography",
"geology",
"mineralogy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 36 0 4 10 46",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "intransitive mineralogy",
"word": "lohjeta"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 36 0 4 10 46",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "intransitive mineralogy",
"word": "tagliare"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 36 0 4 10 46",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "intransitive mineralogy",
"word": "talhar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 36 0 4 10 46",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "intransitive mineralogy",
"word": "clivar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kliːv/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kliv/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːv"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-cleave.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/En-au-cleave.ogg/En-au-cleave.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/En-au-cleave.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 40 5 10 0 36",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razcepvam",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "разцепвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 40 5 10 0 36",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "lohkaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 40 5 10 0 36",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "cliver"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 40 5 10 0 36",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "tailler"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 40 5 10 0 36",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "tagliare"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 40 5 10 0 36",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "talhar"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 40 5 10 0 36",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "clivar"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 40 5 10 0 36",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 30 8 34 0 18",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razcepvam",
"sense": "transitive chemistry",
"word": "разцепвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 30 8 34 0 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "transitive chemistry",
"word": "lohkaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 30 8 34 0 18",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "transitive chemistry",
"word": "cliver"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 30 8 34 0 18",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "transitive chemistry",
"word": "scindere"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 30 8 34 0 18",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive chemistry",
"word": "clivar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 30 8 34 0 18",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "transitive chemistry",
"word": "escindir"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 30 8 34 0 18",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "transitive chemistry",
"word": "klyva"
}
],
"word": "cleave"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cleven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cleven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "clēofan",
"t": "to split, to separate"
},
"expansion": "clēofan (“to split, to separate”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kleuban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kleuban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kleubaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kleubaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-",
"t": "to cut, to slice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to cut, to slice”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "clive"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of clive",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klieven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klieven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "klieben"
},
"expansion": "German klieben",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "klyva"
},
"expansion": "Swedish klyva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kløyva"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk kløyva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γλύφω",
"3": "",
"4": "carve"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cleven, from the Old English strong verb clēofan (“to split, to separate”), from Proto-West Germanic *kleuban, from Proto-Germanic *kleubaną, from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to cut, to slice”).\nDoublet of clive. Cognate with Dutch klieven, dialectal German klieben, Swedish klyva, Norwegian Nynorsk kløyva; also Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cleaves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cleave (plural cleaves)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Technology",
"orig": "en:Technology",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cleaver"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Flat, smooth surface produced by cleavage, or any similar surface produced by similar techniques, as in glass."
],
"id": "en-cleave-en-noun-yAFgLiLQ",
"links": [
[
"technology",
"technology"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"glass",
"glass"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(technology) Flat, smooth surface produced by cleavage, or any similar surface produced by similar techniques, as in glass."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cleavage"
},
{
"word": "cleft"
}
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"technology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kliːv/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kliv/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːv"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-cleave.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/En-au-cleave.ogg/En-au-cleave.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/En-au-cleave.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "cleave"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gleybʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cleven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cleven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "clifian"
},
"expansion": "Old English clifian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klibēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klibēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*klibāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *klibāną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "clīfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English clīfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klīban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klīban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*klībaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *klībaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gleybʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gleybʰ- (“to stick”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kleven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kleven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kleben",
"3": "",
"4": "to stick"
},
"expansion": "German kleben (“to stick”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cleven, a conflation of two verbs: Old English clifian (from Proto-West Germanic *klibēn, from Proto-Germanic *klibāną) and Old English clīfan (from Proto-West Germanic *klīban, from Proto-Germanic *klībaną), both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gleybʰ- (“to stick”). Cognate with Dutch kleven, German kleben (“to stick”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cleaves",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cleaving",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cleaved",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cleaved",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cleave (third-person singular simple present cleaves, present participle cleaving, simple past and past participle cleaved)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 December 7, St. Albertus Magnus, On Cleaving to God, Dalcassian Publishing Company, page 5",
"text": "In fact everyone is obligated, to this loving cleaving to God as necessary for salvation, in the form of observing the commandments and conforming to the divine will,[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Followed by to or unto: to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something."
],
"id": "en-cleave-en-verb-DnrXPq62",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to#Preposition"
],
[
"unto",
"unto"
],
[
"adhere",
"adhere"
],
[
"cling",
"cling#Verb"
],
[
"stick",
"stick#Verb"
],
[
"fast",
"fast#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, rare) Followed by to or unto: to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "yəbeşew",
"sense": "to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something",
"word": "йәбешеү"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ostavam veren na",
"sense": "to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something",
"word": "оставам верен на"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something",
"word": "klæbe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something",
"word": "kleben"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something",
"word": "haereo"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yapışmak",
"sense": "to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something",
"word": "یاپشمق"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kléitʹsʹa",
"sense": "to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "клеиться"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kliːv/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kliv/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːv"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-cleave.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/En-au-cleave.ogg/En-au-cleave.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/En-au-cleave.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "cleave"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English class 2 strong verbs",
"English contranyms",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *glewbʰ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gleybʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"Rhymes:English/iːv",
"Rhymes:English/iːv/1 syllable",
"en:Chemical reactions"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cleave gag"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cleven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cleven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "clēofan",
"t": "to split, to separate"
},
"expansion": "clēofan (“to split, to separate”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kleuban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kleuban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kleubaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kleubaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-",
"t": "to cut, to slice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to cut, to slice”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "clive"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of clive",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klieven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klieven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "klieben"
},
"expansion": "German klieben",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "klyva"
},
"expansion": "Swedish klyva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kløyva"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk kløyva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γλύφω",
"3": "",
"4": "carve"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cleven, from the Old English strong verb clēofan (“to split, to separate”), from Proto-West Germanic *kleuban, from Proto-Germanic *kleubaną, from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to cut, to slice”).\nDoublet of clive. Cognate with Dutch klieven, dialectal German klieben, Swedish klyva, Norwegian Nynorsk kløyva; also Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cleaves",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cleaving",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cleft",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "clove",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cleaved",
"tags": [
"UK",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "clave",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cleft",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cloven",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cleaved",
"tags": [
"UK",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cleaves",
"2": "cleaving",
"3": "cleft",
"past2": "clove",
"past3": "cleaved",
"past3_qual": "UK",
"past4": "clave",
"past4_qual": "archaic",
"past_ptc2": "cloven",
"past_ptc3": "cleaved",
"past_ptc3_qual": "UK"
},
"expansion": "cleave (third-person singular simple present cleaves, present participle cleaving, simple past cleft or clove or (UK) cleaved or (archaic) clave, past participle cleft or cloven or (UK) cleaved)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The wings cleaved the foggy air."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To split or sever something with, or as if with, a sharp instrument."
],
"links": [
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"sever",
"sever"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To split or sever something with, or as if with, a sharp instrument."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Mineralogy"
],
"glosses": [
"To break a single crystal (such as a gemstone or semiconductor wafer) along one of its more symmetrical crystallographic planes (often by impact), forming facets on the resulting pieces."
],
"links": [
[
"mineralogy",
"mineralogy"
],
[
"crystal",
"crystal"
],
[
"gemstone",
"gemstone"
],
[
"semiconductor",
"semiconductor"
],
[
"wafer",
"wafer"
],
[
"symmetrical",
"symmetrical"
],
[
"crystallographic",
"crystallographic"
],
[
"plane",
"plane"
],
[
"impact",
"impact"
],
[
"facet",
"facet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, mineralogy) To break a single crystal (such as a gemstone or semiconductor wafer) along one of its more symmetrical crystallographic planes (often by impact), forming facets on the resulting pieces."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"geography",
"geology",
"mineralogy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The truck cleaved a path through the ice."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make or accomplish by or as if by cutting."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make or accomplish by or as if by cutting."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"(chemistry) To split (a complex molecule) into simpler molecules."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) (chemistry) To split (a complex molecule) into simpler molecules."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To split."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To split."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"en:Mineralogy"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a crystal, to split along a natural plane of division."
],
"links": [
[
"mineralogy",
"mineralogy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, mineralogy) Of a crystal, to split along a natural plane of division."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"geography",
"geology",
"mineralogy",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kliːv/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kliv/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːv"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-cleave.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/En-au-cleave.ogg/En-au-cleave.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/En-au-cleave.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šaqqa",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "شَقَّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "fasaḵa",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "فَسَخَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣadaʕa",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "صَدَعَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "falaqa",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "فَلَقَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šarama",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "شَرَمَ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "raskólvacʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раско́лваць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rasščapljácʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "расшчапля́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "rasščapljácʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "расшчапля́ць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kalócʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "кало́ць"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "cepja",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "цепя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razcepvam",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "разцепвам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "劈開"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pīkāi",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "劈开"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "proříznout"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozetnout"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozříznout"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "kløve"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "klieven"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "znzn",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "z:n-z:n-T30"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "halkaista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"continuative"
],
"word": "halkoa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "cliver"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "fendre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "partir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "tronzar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "fender"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gaṗoba",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "გაპობა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gač̣ra",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "გაჭრა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gaḳveta",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "გაკვეთა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "spalten"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "skhízō",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "σχίζω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "hasít"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "kljúfa"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "láta klofna"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "fendere"
},
{
"alt": "わる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "waru",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "割る"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jjogaeda",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "쪼개다"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "mākahi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "matakahi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "tīwara"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "kløyve"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "fendre"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "fendasclar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "asclar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "trencar"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "clēofan"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yarmak",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "یارمق"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "šaqqe kardan",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "شقه کردن"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "partir"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "talhar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "despica"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskályvatʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раска́лывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskolótʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "расколо́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razrezátʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "разреза́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "razrézatʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "разре́зать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rassekátʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "рассека́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasséčʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "рассе́чь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kolótʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "коло́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasščepljátʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "расщепля́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rasščepítʹ",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "расщепи́ть"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "bhinatti",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "भिनत्ति"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "tṛntte",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "तृन्त्ते"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "hender"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "klyva"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"word": "yarmak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozkóljuvaty",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "розко́лювати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozščépljuvaty",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "розще́плювати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozščepýty",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "розщепи́ти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kolóty",
"sense": "transitive to split or sever",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "коло́ти"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razcepvam",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "разцепвам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "lohkaista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "cliver"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "tailler"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "tagliare"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "talhar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "clivar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "transitive mineralogy",
"word": "tallar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "transitive figurative",
"word": "halkoa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "transitive figurative",
"word": "cliver"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "transitive figurative",
"word": "tronzar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "transitive figurative",
"word": "ritagliarsi"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive figurative",
"word": "clivar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskályvatʹ",
"sense": "transitive figurative",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раска́лывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskolótʹ",
"sense": "transitive figurative",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "расколо́ть"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razcepvam",
"sense": "transitive chemistry",
"word": "разцепвам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "transitive chemistry",
"word": "lohkaista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "transitive chemistry",
"word": "cliver"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "transitive chemistry",
"word": "scindere"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "transitive chemistry",
"word": "clivar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "transitive chemistry",
"word": "escindir"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "transitive chemistry",
"word": "klyva"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "cepja se",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "цепя се"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozetnout"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "splitsen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "haljeta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "lohjeta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "fendre"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "spaccare"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "fendasclar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "fendre"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "asclar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskályvatʹ",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "раска́лывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "raskolótʹ",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "расколо́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "klyvas"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "splittras"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "intransitive to split",
"word": "klyva sig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "intransitive mineralogy",
"word": "lohjeta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "intransitive mineralogy",
"word": "tagliare"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "intransitive mineralogy",
"word": "talhar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "intransitive mineralogy",
"word": "clivar"
}
],
"word": "cleave"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English class 2 strong verbs",
"English contranyms",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *glewbʰ-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gleybʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"Rhymes:English/iːv",
"Rhymes:English/iːv/1 syllable",
"en:Chemical reactions"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cleaver"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cleven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cleven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "clēofan",
"t": "to split, to separate"
},
"expansion": "clēofan (“to split, to separate”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kleuban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kleuban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kleubaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kleubaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-",
"t": "to cut, to slice"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to cut, to slice”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "clive"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of clive",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klieven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klieven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "klieben"
},
"expansion": "German klieben",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "klyva"
},
"expansion": "Swedish klyva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kløyva"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk kløyva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γλύφω",
"3": "",
"4": "carve"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cleven, from the Old English strong verb clēofan (“to split, to separate”), from Proto-West Germanic *kleuban, from Proto-Germanic *kleubaną, from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“to cut, to slice”).\nDoublet of clive. Cognate with Dutch klieven, dialectal German klieben, Swedish klyva, Norwegian Nynorsk kløyva; also Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cleaves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cleave (plural cleaves)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cleavage"
},
{
"word": "cleft"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Technology"
],
"glosses": [
"Flat, smooth surface produced by cleavage, or any similar surface produced by similar techniques, as in glass."
],
"links": [
[
"technology",
"technology"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
],
[
"glass",
"glass"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(technology) Flat, smooth surface produced by cleavage, or any similar surface produced by similar techniques, as in glass."
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"technology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kliːv/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kliv/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːv"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-cleave.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/En-au-cleave.ogg/En-au-cleave.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/En-au-cleave.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"word": "cleave"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English class 2 strong verbs",
"English contranyms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English irregular verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gleybʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/iːv",
"Rhymes:English/iːv/1 syllable",
"en:Chemical reactions"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gleybʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cleven"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cleven",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "clifian"
},
"expansion": "Old English clifian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klibēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klibēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*klibāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *klibāną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "clīfan"
},
"expansion": "Old English clīfan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*klīban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *klīban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*klībaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *klībaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gleybʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stick"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gleybʰ- (“to stick”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kleven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kleven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kleben",
"3": "",
"4": "to stick"
},
"expansion": "German kleben (“to stick”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cleven, a conflation of two verbs: Old English clifian (from Proto-West Germanic *klibēn, from Proto-Germanic *klibāną) and Old English clīfan (from Proto-West Germanic *klīban, from Proto-Germanic *klībaną), both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gleybʰ- (“to stick”). Cognate with Dutch kleven, German kleben (“to stick”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cleaves",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cleaving",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cleaved",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cleaved",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cleave (third-person singular simple present cleaves, present participle cleaving, simple past and past participle cleaved)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 December 7, St. Albertus Magnus, On Cleaving to God, Dalcassian Publishing Company, page 5",
"text": "In fact everyone is obligated, to this loving cleaving to God as necessary for salvation, in the form of observing the commandments and conforming to the divine will,[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Followed by to or unto: to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something."
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to#Preposition"
],
[
"unto",
"unto"
],
[
"adhere",
"adhere"
],
[
"cling",
"cling#Verb"
],
[
"stick",
"stick#Verb"
],
[
"fast",
"fast#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, rare) Followed by to or unto: to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kliːv/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kliv/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːv"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-cleave.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/En-au-cleave.ogg/En-au-cleave.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/En-au-cleave.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "yəbeşew",
"sense": "to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something",
"word": "йәбешеү"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ostavam veren na",
"sense": "to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something",
"word": "оставам верен на"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something",
"word": "klæbe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something",
"word": "kleben"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something",
"word": "haereo"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yapışmak",
"sense": "to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something",
"word": "یاپشمق"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kléitʹsʹa",
"sense": "to adhere, cling, or stick fast to something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "клеиться"
}
],
"word": "cleave"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": impf and pf forms differ in word stress vs. razrézatʹ",
"path": [
"cleave"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cleave",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.