See alum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for alum meaning in All languages combined (29.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alum-basket"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alum cake"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alum earth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alumed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alumiferous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alumina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aluming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alumish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alumium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alum mine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alumocalcite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alum rock"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Alum Rock"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alumroot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alum root"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alum schist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alum shale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alum slate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alumstone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alum stone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alum works"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ammonia alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "burnt alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cake alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "carmalum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chrome alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chrome-ammonia alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "common alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "feather alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "filter alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hemalum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "iron alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "magnesia alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "manganese alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "manganoso-magnesium alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "native alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "papermaker's alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plume alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "potash alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pseudo alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rock alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Roman alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "saccharine alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "silver alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "soda alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sodium alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unalumed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "salt"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "alum"
},
"expansion": "Middle English alum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "alum"
},
"expansion": "alum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "alym"
},
"expansion": "alym",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "alyme"
},
"expansion": "alyme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "alum"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman alum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "alun"
},
"expansion": "alun",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "alūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin alūmen",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle English alum, alum, alym, alyme, from Anglo-Norman alum, alun, from Latin alūmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "alum (countable and uncountable, plural alums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aluminiferous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aluniferous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aluminiform"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aluminilite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aluminise"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aluminize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aluminite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aluminous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alunite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "alunogen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "apjohnite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bosjemanite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "halotrichite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kalinite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "websterite"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 28 34 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Aluminium",
"orig": "en:Aluminium",
"parents": [
"Boron group elements",
"Chemical elements",
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1991, Felix Gilbert, The Pope, His Banker, and Venice, page 80",
"text": "Venice also needed alum for trade, since it was the point of departure for overland transportation of alum to southern Germany and its cloth-manufacturing Free Cities.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin, published 2012, page 201",
"text": "A natural astringent and antiseptic, potassium alum was coveted for its medicinal and cosmetic properties.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An astringent salt, usually occurring in the form of pale crystals, much used in the dyeing and tanning trade and in certain medicines, and now understood to be a double sulphate of potassium and aluminium (K₂SO₄·Al₂(SO₄)₃·24H₂O)."
],
"id": "en-alum-en-noun-C5qyAiKH",
"links": [
[
"astringent",
"astringent"
],
[
"salt",
"salt"
],
[
"crystal",
"crystal"
],
[
"dyeing",
"dyeing"
],
[
"tanning",
"tanning"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"sulphate",
"sulphate"
],
[
"potassium",
"potassium"
],
[
"aluminium",
"aluminium"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Inorganic compounds",
"orig": "en:Inorganic compounds",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 34 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Aluminium",
"orig": "en:Aluminium",
"parents": [
"Boron group elements",
"Chemical elements",
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1807, William Nicholson, editor, A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts, volume XVIII, page 286",
"text": "With weld and cochineal, which are colouring matters the most sensible to the action of sulphate of iron, the purified alums gave us colours more brilliant, fresh, and in a slight degree lighter; while those with our common alums were all duller, and evidently of a deeper hue.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000 June, Competition Science Vision, page 486",
"text": "For similar reasons, aluminium sulphate and alums are used in dyeing cloth.[…]Normally alums are soluble in water and insoluble in alcohols.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Amit Arora, Text Book Of Inorganic Chemistry, page 386",
"text": "In structure, the alums consist of simple ions, being not complexes, but double salts. Potash alum or potassium alum is the common alum, with the formula KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O) which, for convenience, may be written K₂SO₄·Al₂(SO₄)₃·24H₂O",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations."
],
"id": "en-alum-en-noun-pCHpHMt6",
"links": [
[
"inorganic chemistry",
"inorganic chemistry"
],
[
"potassium",
"potassium"
],
[
"aluminium",
"aluminium"
],
[
"univalent",
"univalent"
],
[
"tervalent",
"tervalent"
],
[
"cation",
"cation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(inorganic chemistry) Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"inorganic-chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šabb",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَبّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "šib",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "շիբ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "paġleġ",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "պաղլեղ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"roman": "rikkʼ",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "рикӏкӏ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "zəy"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stípca",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сти́пца"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "kyaukhkyany",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ကျောက်ချဉ်"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明礬"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ming⁴ faan⁴",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明矾"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明礬"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "míngfán",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明矾"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kamenec"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aluin"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "aluna"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alun"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šabi",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "შაბი"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Alaun"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "styptiría",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στυπτηρία"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stýpsi",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στύψη"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "stuptēría",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στυπτηρία"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "timsó"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "tawas"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alúm"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ailím"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "tts",
"lang": "Isan",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "หินส้ม"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "allume"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "myōban",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ミョウバン"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"alt": "みょうばん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "myōban",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明礬"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "zax",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "زاخ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "şeb"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "zax",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "زاخ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "hin som",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ຫິນສົ້ມ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sān som",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ສານສົ້ມ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "alūmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alūnas"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "tawas"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "arama"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "alym"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "mnw",
"lang": "Mon",
"roman": "tmaʼ gacaḥ",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "တၟံဂစး"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ᩉᩥ᩠ᨶᩈᩫ᩠᩶ᨾ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "şab",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "شاب"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zâj",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "زاج"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ałun"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alume"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alúmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "alaun"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kvascý",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "квасцы́"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "sat",
"lang": "Santali",
"roman": "phiṭkiri",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ᱯᱷᱤᱴᱠᱤᱨᱤ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stipsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alaun"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "shn",
"lang": "Shan",
"roman": "hǐn sūum",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ႁိၼ်သူမ်ႈ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alumbre"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "alun"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "tawas"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "paṭikkāram",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "படிக்காரம்"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǎan-sôm",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "สารส้ม"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "şap"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæl.əm/"
},
{
"homophone": "Allam"
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"sense": "double sulphate of potassium and aluminum",
"word": "potash alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alumn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"alum"
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unalumed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "salt"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "alum"
},
"expansion": "Middle English alum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "alum"
},
"expansion": "alum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "alym",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "alyme"
},
"expansion": "alyme",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "alum"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman alum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "alun"
},
"expansion": "alun",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "alūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin alūmen",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle English alum, alum, alym, alyme, from Anglo-Norman alum, alun, from Latin alūmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aluming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "alumed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "alumed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
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"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 28 34 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Aluminium",
"orig": "en:Aluminium",
"parents": [
"Boron group elements",
"Chemical elements",
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1839, Andrew Ure, A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines",
"text": "The silk should be boiled at the rate of 20 parts of soap per cent. , and then alumed. The aluming need not be so strong as for the fine crimson",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum."
],
"id": "en-alum-en-verb-NU3YSVQ9",
"links": [
[
"steep",
"steep"
],
[
"impregnate",
"impregnate"
],
[
"solution",
"solution"
],
[
"alum",
"alum"
],
[
"treat",
"treat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "alumenar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "käsitellä alunalla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "alunoida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "aluner"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "alumbrar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæl.əm/"
},
{
"homophone": "Allam"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alum (salt).wav",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alumn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"alum"
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "person"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "alumnus"
},
"expansion": "alumnus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "alumna"
},
"expansion": "alumna",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom alumnus and alumna (> alumn- > alum), by the removal of the originally Latin gender-specific nominative singular case endings -us (masculine) and -a (feminine).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alumni",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "alumni"
},
"expansion": "alum (plural alums or alumni)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 54 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 28 50 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 62 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 14 65 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 34 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Aluminium",
"orig": "en:Aluminium",
"parents": [
"Boron group elements",
"Chemical elements",
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 0 62 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 26 44 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Potassium",
"orig": "en:Potassium",
"parents": [
"Alkali metals",
"Chemical elements",
"Metals",
"Matter",
"Metallurgy",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Technology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 24 41 16",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sulfur",
"orig": "en:Sulfur",
"parents": [
"Chalcogens",
"Chemical elements",
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1961 Spring, Anchora of Delta Gamma, Volume LXXVII, No. 3, page 59,\nEvanston-North Shore alums are happy to open their homes to Sigma actives for special social events."
},
{
"ref": "2006, Ted Hart, James M. Greenfield, Pamela M. Gignac, Christopher Carnie, Major Donors: Finding Big Gifts in Your Database and Online, page 47",
"text": "You'll remember that we're starting with a list of slightly over 7,000 names that are alums (most of them over 50) that we'd like to whittle down to a manageable list of prospects.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Timothy C. Jacobson, Charity & Merit: Trinity School at 300, page 190",
"text": "All schools that last have alums, and, ancient as it was by American standards, Trinity by mid-century had thousands.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A past attendee or graduate (of either gender) of a college, university or other educational institution."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"sense": "the original Latin gender-specific loanword",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alumna"
},
{
"english": "of unspecified gender or masculine",
"sense": "the original Latin gender-specific loanword",
"word": "alumnus"
}
],
"id": "en-alum-en-noun-TTdkwdJE",
"links": [
[
"attendee",
"attendee"
],
[
"graduate",
"graduate"
]
],
"qualifier": "shortening",
"raw_glosses": [
"(shortening, Canada, US) A past attendee or graduate (of either gender) of a college, university or other educational institution."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "of any gender",
"tags": [
"often",
"proscribed"
],
"word": "alumni"
},
{
"sense": "of any gender",
"word": "alumnx"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈlʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alum (alumnus).wav",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alumn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"alum"
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ālum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ālī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ālōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "āla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ālum<2>"
},
"expansion": "ālum n (genitive ālī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ālum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Borage family plants",
"orig": "la:Borage family plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A plant, the comfrey"
],
"id": "en-alum-la-noun-MUnT0GHv",
"links": [
[
"comfrey",
"comfrey"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈaː.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈäːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈäːlum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "alum m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "alus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative singular of alus"
],
"id": "en-alum-lv-noun-p2mffbay",
"links": [
[
"alus",
"alus#Latvian"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "alum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "alym"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of alym"
],
"id": "en-alum-enm-noun-lnA--8mU",
"links": [
[
"alym",
"alym#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "alun"
},
"expansion": "French: alun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: alun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "alym",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: alym, alyme, alum, alume, alumme, alom, alome\nEnglish: alum\nScots: aum, awm, alm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: alym, alyme, alum, alume, alumme, alom, alome\nEnglish: alum\nScots: aum, awm, alm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "alūne",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old High German: alūne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old High German: alūne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "alūn"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: alūn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: alūn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Alaun"
},
"expansion": "German: Alaun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Alaun"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "alūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin alūmen",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin alūmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alum oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "aluns",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aluns",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alum",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "alum oblique singular, m (oblique plural aluns, nominative singular aluns, nominative plural alum)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alum"
],
"id": "en-alum-fro-noun-QRateZv6",
"links": [
[
"alum",
"alum#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "allum"
},
{
"word": "alun"
}
]
}
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English clippings",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Old English translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/2 syllables",
"en:Aluminium",
"en:People",
"en:Potassium",
"en:Sulfur"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "alum-basket"
},
{
"word": "alum cake"
},
{
"word": "alum earth"
},
{
"word": "alumed"
},
{
"word": "alumiferous"
},
{
"word": "alumina"
},
{
"word": "aluming"
},
{
"word": "alumish"
},
{
"word": "alumium"
},
{
"word": "alum mine"
},
{
"word": "alumocalcite"
},
{
"word": "alum rock"
},
{
"word": "Alum Rock"
},
{
"word": "alumroot"
},
{
"word": "alum root"
},
{
"word": "alum schist"
},
{
"word": "alum shale"
},
{
"word": "alum slate"
},
{
"word": "alumstone"
},
{
"word": "alum stone"
},
{
"word": "alum works"
},
{
"word": "ammonia alum"
},
{
"word": "burnt alum"
},
{
"word": "cake alum"
},
{
"word": "carmalum"
},
{
"word": "chrome alum"
},
{
"word": "chrome-ammonia alum"
},
{
"word": "common alum"
},
{
"word": "feather alum"
},
{
"word": "filter alum"
},
{
"word": "hemalum"
},
{
"word": "iron alum"
},
{
"word": "magnesia alum"
},
{
"word": "manganese alum"
},
{
"word": "manganoso-magnesium alum"
},
{
"word": "native alum"
},
{
"word": "papermaker's alum"
},
{
"word": "plume alum"
},
{
"word": "potash alum"
},
{
"word": "pseudo alum"
},
{
"word": "rock alum"
},
{
"word": "Roman alum"
},
{
"word": "saccharine alum"
},
{
"word": "silver alum"
},
{
"word": "soda alum"
},
{
"word": "sodium alum"
},
{
"word": "unalumed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "alum"
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"expansion": "Middle English alum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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},
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "alyme",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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"1": "en",
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"3": "alūmen"
},
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}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle English alum, alum, alym, alyme, from Anglo-Norman alum, alun, from Latin alūmen.",
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{
"form": "alums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "~"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "aluminiferous"
},
{
"word": "aluniferous"
},
{
"word": "aluminiform"
},
{
"word": "aluminilite"
},
{
"word": "aluminise"
},
{
"word": "aluminize"
},
{
"word": "aluminite"
},
{
"word": "aluminous"
},
{
"word": "alunite"
},
{
"word": "alunogen"
},
{
"word": "apjohnite"
},
{
"word": "bosjemanite"
},
{
"word": "halotrichite"
},
{
"word": "kalinite"
},
{
"word": "websterite"
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],
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{
"ref": "1991, Felix Gilbert, The Pope, His Banker, and Venice, page 80",
"text": "Venice also needed alum for trade, since it was the point of departure for overland transportation of alum to southern Germany and its cloth-manufacturing Free Cities.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin, published 2012, page 201",
"text": "A natural astringent and antiseptic, potassium alum was coveted for its medicinal and cosmetic properties.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An astringent salt, usually occurring in the form of pale crystals, much used in the dyeing and tanning trade and in certain medicines, and now understood to be a double sulphate of potassium and aluminium (K₂SO₄·Al₂(SO₄)₃·24H₂O)."
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"links": [
[
"astringent",
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[
"salt",
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"crystal",
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[
"dyeing",
"dyeing"
],
[
"tanning",
"tanning"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"sulphate",
"sulphate"
],
[
"potassium",
"potassium"
],
[
"aluminium",
"aluminium"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Inorganic compounds"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1807, William Nicholson, editor, A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts, volume XVIII, page 286",
"text": "With weld and cochineal, which are colouring matters the most sensible to the action of sulphate of iron, the purified alums gave us colours more brilliant, fresh, and in a slight degree lighter; while those with our common alums were all duller, and evidently of a deeper hue.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000 June, Competition Science Vision, page 486",
"text": "For similar reasons, aluminium sulphate and alums are used in dyeing cloth.[…]Normally alums are soluble in water and insoluble in alcohols.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Amit Arora, Text Book Of Inorganic Chemistry, page 386",
"text": "In structure, the alums consist of simple ions, being not complexes, but double salts. Potash alum or potassium alum is the common alum, with the formula KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O) which, for convenience, may be written K₂SO₄·Al₂(SO₄)₃·24H₂O",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations."
],
"links": [
[
"inorganic chemistry",
"inorganic chemistry"
],
[
"potassium",
"potassium"
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[
"aluminium",
"aluminium"
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[
"univalent",
"univalent"
],
[
"tervalent",
"tervalent"
],
[
"cation",
"cation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(inorganic chemistry) Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"inorganic-chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæl.əm/"
},
{
"homophone": "Allam"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alum (salt).wav",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "double sulphate of potassium and aluminum",
"word": "potash alum"
},
{
"word": "alumn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šabb",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَبّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "šib",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "շիբ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "paġleġ",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "պաղլեղ"
},
{
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"roman": "rikkʼ",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "рикӏкӏ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "zəy"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stípca",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сти́пца"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "kyaukhkyany",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ကျောက်ချဉ်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alum"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明礬"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ming⁴ faan⁴",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明矾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明礬"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "míngfán",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明矾"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kamenec"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aluin"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "aluna"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alun"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šabi",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "შაბი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Alaun"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "styptiría",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στυπτηρία"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stýpsi",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στύψη"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "stuptēría",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στυπτηρία"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "timsó"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "tawas"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alúm"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ailím"
},
{
"code": "tts",
"lang": "Isan",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "หินส้ม"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "allume"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "myōban",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ミョウバン"
},
{
"alt": "みょうばん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "myōban",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明礬"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "zax",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "زاخ"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "şeb"
},
{
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "zax",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "زاخ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "hin som",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ຫິນສົ້ມ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sān som",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ສານສົ້ມ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
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{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
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],
"word": "alūnas"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "tawas"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "alum"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "arama"
},
{
"code": "enm",
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"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "alym"
},
{
"code": "mnw",
"lang": "Mon",
"roman": "tmaʼ gacaḥ",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "တၟံဂစး"
},
{
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ᩉᩥ᩠ᨶᩈᩫ᩠᩶ᨾ"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "şab",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "شاب"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zâj",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "زاج"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ałun"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alume"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alúmen"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "alaun"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kvascý",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "квасцы́"
},
{
"code": "sat",
"lang": "Santali",
"roman": "phiṭkiri",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ᱯᱷᱤᱴᱠᱤᱨᱤ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stipsa"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alaun"
},
{
"code": "shn",
"lang": "Shan",
"roman": "hǐn sūum",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ႁိၼ်သူမ်ႈ"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alumbre"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "alun"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "tawas"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "paṭikkāram",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "படிக்காரம்"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǎan-sôm",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "สารส้ม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "şap"
}
],
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"alum"
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"word": "alum"
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{
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"English nouns",
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"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
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"en:Aluminium",
"en:People",
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"en:Sulfur"
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},
"expansion": "Latin alūmen",
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],
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{
"form": "alums",
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},
{
"form": "aluming",
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},
{
"form": "alumed",
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},
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
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"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1839, Andrew Ure, A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines",
"text": "The silk should be boiled at the rate of 20 parts of soap per cent. , and then alumed. The aluming need not be so strong as for the fine crimson",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum."
],
"links": [
[
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[
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæl.əm/"
},
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"tags": [
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],
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "alumn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "alumenar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "käsitellä alunalla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "alunoida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "aluner"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "alumbrar"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"alum"
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English clippings",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/2 syllables",
"en:Aluminium",
"en:People",
"en:Potassium",
"en:Sulfur"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "person"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "alumnus"
},
"expansion": "alumnus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "alumna"
},
"expansion": "alumna",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom alumnus and alumna (> alumn- > alum), by the removal of the originally Latin gender-specific nominative singular case endings -us (masculine) and -a (feminine).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alumni",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "alumni"
},
"expansion": "alum (plural alums or alumni)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"sense": "the original Latin gender-specific loanword",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alumna"
},
{
"english": "of unspecified gender or masculine",
"sense": "the original Latin gender-specific loanword",
"word": "alumnus"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"Canadian English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1961 Spring, Anchora of Delta Gamma, Volume LXXVII, No. 3, page 59,\nEvanston-North Shore alums are happy to open their homes to Sigma actives for special social events."
},
{
"ref": "2006, Ted Hart, James M. Greenfield, Pamela M. Gignac, Christopher Carnie, Major Donors: Finding Big Gifts in Your Database and Online, page 47",
"text": "You'll remember that we're starting with a list of slightly over 7,000 names that are alums (most of them over 50) that we'd like to whittle down to a manageable list of prospects.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Timothy C. Jacobson, Charity & Merit: Trinity School at 300, page 190",
"text": "All schools that last have alums, and, ancient as it was by American standards, Trinity by mid-century had thousands.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A past attendee or graduate (of either gender) of a college, university or other educational institution."
],
"links": [
[
"attendee",
"attendee"
],
[
"graduate",
"graduate"
]
],
"qualifier": "shortening",
"raw_glosses": [
"(shortening, Canada, US) A past attendee or graduate (of either gender) of a college, university or other educational institution."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈlʌm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alum (alumnus).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alum_%28alumnus%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alum_%28alumnus%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alum_%28alumnus%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alum_%28alumnus%29.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "of any gender",
"tags": [
"often",
"proscribed"
],
"word": "alumni"
},
{
"sense": "of any gender",
"word": "alumnx"
},
{
"word": "alumn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"alum"
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ālum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "ālī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ālī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ālōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "āla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ālō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ālīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ālum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "āla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ālum<2>"
},
"expansion": "ālum n (genitive ālī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ālum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"la:Borage family plants"
],
"glosses": [
"A plant, the comfrey"
],
"links": [
[
"comfrey",
"comfrey"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈaː.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈäːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈa.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈäːlum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "alum m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian non-lemma forms",
"Latvian noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "alus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative singular of alus"
],
"links": [
[
"alus",
"alus#Latvian"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "alum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "alym"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of alym"
],
"links": [
[
"alym",
"alym#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "alun"
},
"expansion": "French: alun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: alun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "alym",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: alym, alyme, alum, alume, alumme, alom, alome\nEnglish: alum\nScots: aum, awm, alm",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: alym, alyme, alum, alume, alumme, alom, alome\nEnglish: alum\nScots: aum, awm, alm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "alūne",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old High German: alūne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old High German: alūne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "alūn"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: alūn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: alūn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Alaun"
},
"expansion": "German: Alaun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Alaun"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "alūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin alūmen",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin alūmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alum oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "aluns",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "aluns",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "alum",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "alum oblique singular, m (oblique plural aluns, nominative singular aluns, nominative plural alum)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"alum"
],
"links": [
[
"alum",
"alum#English"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "allum"
},
{
"word": "alun"
}
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'alum oblique singular or', originally 'alum oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"alum"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "alum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'alum oblique singular or', originally 'alum oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"alum"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "alum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'alum oblique singular or' in 'alum oblique singular, m (oblique plural aluns, nominative singular aluns, nominative plural alum)'",
"path": [
"alum"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "alum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.