See alum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"ref": "1807, William Nicholson, editor, A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts, volume XVIII, page 286:",
"text": "With weld and cochineal, which are colouring matters the most sensible to the action of sulphate of iron, the purified alums gave us colours more brilliant, fresh, and in a slight degree lighter; while those with our common alums were all duller, and evidently of a deeper hue.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000 June, Competition Science Vision, page 486:",
"text": "For similar reasons, aluminium sulphate and alums are used in dyeing cloth.[…]Normally alums are soluble in water and insoluble in alcohols.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Amit Arora, Text Book Of Inorganic Chemistry, page 386:",
"text": "In structure, the alums consist of simple ions, being not complexes, but double salts. Potash alum or potassium alum is the common alum, with the formula KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O) which, for convenience, may be written K₂SO₄·Al₂(SO₄)₃·24H₂O",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations."
],
"id": "en-alum-en-noun-pCHpHMt6",
"links": [
[
"inorganic chemistry",
"inorganic chemistry"
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[
"potassium",
"potassium"
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[
"aluminium",
"aluminium"
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[
"univalent",
"univalent"
],
[
"tervalent",
"tervalent"
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[
"cation",
"cation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(inorganic chemistry) Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
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"natural-sciences",
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"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šabb",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَبّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "šib",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "շիբ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "paġleġ",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "պաղլեղ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"roman": "rikkʼ",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "рикӏкӏ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "zəy"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "phoṭkiri",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ফটকিরি"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stípca",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сти́пца"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "kyaukhkyany",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ကျောက်ချဉ်"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alum"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明礬"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ming⁴ faan⁴",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明矾"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明礬"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "míngfán",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明矾"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kamenec"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aluin"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "aluna"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alun"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šabi",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "შაბი"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Alaun"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "styptiría",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στυπτηρία"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stýpsi",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στύψη"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "stuptēría",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
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"word": "στυπτηρία"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "timsó"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "tawas"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alúm"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ailím"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "tts",
"lang": "Isan",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "หินส้ม"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "allume"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "myōban",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ミョウバン"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"alt": "みょうばん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "myōban",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明礬"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "zax",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "زاخ"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "şeb"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "zax",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "زاخ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "hin som",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ຫິນສົ້ມ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sān som",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ສານສົ້ມ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "alūmen"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "alūnas"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "tawas"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "arama"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "alym"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "mnw",
"lang": "Mon",
"roman": "tmaʼ gacaḥ",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "တၟံဂစး"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ᩉᩥ᩠ᨶᩈᩫ᩠᩶ᨾ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "şab",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "شاب"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zâj",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "زاج"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "ałun"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
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"word": "alume"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
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"word": "alúmen"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
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],
"word": "alaun"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ru",
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"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
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"roman": "phiṭkiri",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ᱯᱷᱤᱴᱠᱤᱨᱤ"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "stipsa"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
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"word": "alaun"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "shn",
"lang": "Shan",
"roman": "hǐn sūum",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ႁိၼ်သူမ်ႈ"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "es",
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"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
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"word": "alumbre"
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"_dis1": "33 67",
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"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
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"_dis1": "33 67",
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"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "ta",
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"roman": "paṭikkāram",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "படிக்காரம்"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǎan-sôm",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "สารส้ม"
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{
"_dis1": "33 67",
"code": "tr",
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[
"treat",
"treat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "alumenar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "käsitellä alunalla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "alunoida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "aluner"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "alumbrar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæl.əm/"
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{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alum (salt).wav",
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},
{
"homophone": "Allam"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
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}
],
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"alum"
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
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{
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"forms": [
{
"form": "alums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alumni",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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"expansion": "alum (plural alums or alumni)",
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 23 48 4",
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "17 13 30 2 4 0 4 30 1",
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{
"_dis": "27 28 33 12",
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"Chemical elements",
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"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 0 63 21",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 28 36 11",
"kind": "topical",
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"Chemical elements",
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"Metallurgy",
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"Technology",
"Sciences",
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"Fundamental"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 25 39 12",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sulfur",
"orig": "en:Sulfur",
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"Chalcogens",
"Chemical elements",
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1961 Spring, Anchora of Delta Gamma, Volume LXXVII, No. 3, page 59,\nEvanston-North Shore alums are happy to open their homes to Sigma actives for special social events."
},
{
"ref": "2006, Ted Hart, James M. Greenfield, Pamela M. Gignac, Christopher Carnie, Major Donors: Finding Big Gifts in Your Database and Online, page 47:",
"text": "You'll remember that we're starting with a list of slightly over 7,000 names that are alums (most of them over 50) that we'd like to whittle down to a manageable list of prospects.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Timothy C. Jacobson, Charity & Merit: Trinity School at 300, page 190:",
"text": "All schools that last have alums, and, ancient as it was by American standards, Trinity by mid-century had thousands.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A past attendee or graduate (of any gender) of a college, university or other educational institution."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"sense": "the original Latin gender-specific loanword",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alumna"
},
{
"english": "of unspecified gender or masculine",
"sense": "the original Latin gender-specific loanword",
"word": "alumnus"
}
],
"id": "en-alum-en-noun-a4XUbEuu",
"links": [
[
"attendee",
"attendee"
],
[
"graduate",
"graduate"
]
],
"qualifier": "shortening",
"raw_glosses": [
"(shortening, Canada, US) A past attendee or graduate (of any gender) of a college, university or other educational institution."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "of any gender",
"tags": [
"often",
"proscribed"
],
"word": "alumni"
},
{
"sense": "of any gender",
"word": "alumnx"
}
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈlʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alum (alumnus).wav",
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{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "alumn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"alum"
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Old English translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Avar translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Isan translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Mon translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Northern Thai translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Santali translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Shan translations",
"Terms with Southern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Aluminium",
"en:People",
"en:Potassium",
"en:Sulfur"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "alum-basket"
},
{
"word": "alum cake"
},
{
"word": "alum earth"
},
{
"word": "alumed"
},
{
"word": "alumiferous"
},
{
"word": "alumina"
},
{
"word": "aluming"
},
{
"word": "alumish"
},
{
"word": "alumium"
},
{
"word": "alum mine"
},
{
"word": "alumocalcite"
},
{
"word": "alum rock"
},
{
"word": "Alum Rock"
},
{
"word": "alumroot"
},
{
"word": "alum root"
},
{
"word": "alum schist"
},
{
"word": "alum shale"
},
{
"word": "alum slate"
},
{
"word": "alumstone"
},
{
"word": "alum stone"
},
{
"word": "alum works"
},
{
"word": "ammonia alum"
},
{
"word": "burnt alum"
},
{
"word": "cake alum"
},
{
"word": "carmalum"
},
{
"word": "chrome alum"
},
{
"word": "chrome-ammonia alum"
},
{
"word": "common alum"
},
{
"word": "feather alum"
},
{
"word": "filter alum"
},
{
"word": "hemalum"
},
{
"word": "iron alum"
},
{
"word": "magnesia alum"
},
{
"word": "manganese alum"
},
{
"word": "manganoso-magnesium alum"
},
{
"word": "native alum"
},
{
"word": "papermaker's alum"
},
{
"word": "plume alum"
},
{
"word": "potash alum"
},
{
"word": "pseudo alum"
},
{
"word": "rock alum"
},
{
"word": "Roman alum"
},
{
"word": "saccharine alum"
},
{
"word": "silver alum"
},
{
"word": "soda alum"
},
{
"word": "sodium alum"
},
{
"word": "unalumed"
}
],
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"args": {
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"2": "salt"
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"expansion": "",
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"args": {
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"2": "enm",
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},
"expansion": "Middle English alum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "alūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin alūmen",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English alum, alum, alym, alyme, from Anglo-Norman alum, alun, from Latin alūmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alums",
"tags": [
"plural"
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}
],
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"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "aluminiferous"
},
{
"word": "aluniferous"
},
{
"word": "aluminiform"
},
{
"word": "aluminilite"
},
{
"word": "aluminise"
},
{
"word": "aluminize"
},
{
"word": "aluminite"
},
{
"word": "aluminous"
},
{
"word": "alunite"
},
{
"word": "alunogen"
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{
"word": "apjohnite"
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{
"word": "bosjemanite"
},
{
"word": "halotrichite"
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{
"word": "kalinite"
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{
"word": "websterite"
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"categories": [
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],
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{
"ref": "1991, Felix Gilbert, The Pope, His Banker, and Venice, page 80:",
"text": "Venice also needed alum for trade, since it was the point of departure for overland transportation of alum to southern Germany and its cloth-manufacturing Free Cities.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin, published 2012, page 201:",
"text": "A natural astringent and antiseptic, potassium alum was coveted for its medicinal and cosmetic properties.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An astringent salt, usually occurring in the form of pale crystals, much used in the dyeing and tanning trade and in certain medicines, and now understood to be a double sulphate of potassium and aluminium (K₂SO₄·Al₂(SO₄)₃·24H₂O)."
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"links": [
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},
{
"categories": [
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{
"ref": "1807, William Nicholson, editor, A Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts, volume XVIII, page 286:",
"text": "With weld and cochineal, which are colouring matters the most sensible to the action of sulphate of iron, the purified alums gave us colours more brilliant, fresh, and in a slight degree lighter; while those with our common alums were all duller, and evidently of a deeper hue.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000 June, Competition Science Vision, page 486:",
"text": "For similar reasons, aluminium sulphate and alums are used in dyeing cloth.[…]Normally alums are soluble in water and insoluble in alcohols.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2005, Amit Arora, Text Book Of Inorganic Chemistry, page 386:",
"text": "In structure, the alums consist of simple ions, being not complexes, but double salts. Potash alum or potassium alum is the common alum, with the formula KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O) which, for convenience, may be written K₂SO₄·Al₂(SO₄)₃·24H₂O",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
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"inorganic-chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
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}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈæl.əm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alum (salt).wav",
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},
{
"homophone": "Allam"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "double sulphate of potassium and aluminum",
"word": "potash alum"
},
{
"word": "alumn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šabb",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَبّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "šib",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "շիբ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "paġleġ",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "պաղլեղ"
},
{
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"roman": "rikkʼ",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "рикӏкӏ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "zəy"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "phoṭkiri",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ফটকিরি"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "stípca",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сти́пца"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "kyaukhkyany",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ကျောက်ချဉ်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alum"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明礬"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ming⁴ faan⁴",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明矾"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明礬"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "míngfán",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明矾"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kamenec"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aluin"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "aluna"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alun"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "šabi",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "შაბი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Alaun"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "styptiría",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στυπτηρία"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stýpsi",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στύψη"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "stuptēría",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "στυπτηρία"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "timsó"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "tawas"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alúm"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ailím"
},
{
"code": "tts",
"lang": "Isan",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "หินส้ม"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "allume"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "myōban",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ミョウバン"
},
{
"alt": "みょうばん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "myōban",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "明礬"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "zax",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "زاخ"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "şeb"
},
{
"code": "sdh",
"lang": "Southern Kurdish",
"roman": "zax",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "زاخ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "hin som",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ຫິນສົ້ມ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sān som",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ສານສົ້ມ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "alūmen"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alūnas"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "tawas"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "alum"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "arama"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "alym"
},
{
"code": "mnw",
"lang": "Mon",
"roman": "tmaʼ gacaḥ",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "တၟံဂစး"
},
{
"code": "nod",
"lang": "Northern Thai",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ᩉᩥ᩠ᨶᩈᩫ᩠᩶ᨾ"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "şab",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "شاب"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "zâj",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "زاج"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ałun"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alume"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alúmen"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "alaun"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kvascý",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "квасцы́"
},
{
"code": "sat",
"lang": "Santali",
"roman": "phiṭkiri",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ᱯᱷᱤᱴᱠᱤᱨᱤ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "stipsa"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alaun"
},
{
"code": "shn",
"lang": "Shan",
"roman": "hǐn sūum",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "ႁိၼ်သူမ်ႈ"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alumbre"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "alun"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "tawas"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "paṭikkāram",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "படிக்காரம்"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sǎan-sôm",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "สารส้ม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "chemistry: double sulfate",
"word": "şap"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"alum"
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Old English translations",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Avar translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Isan translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Mon translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Northern Thai translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Santali translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Shan translations",
"Terms with Southern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"en:Aluminium",
"en:People",
"en:Potassium",
"en:Sulfur"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "unalumed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "salt"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "alum"
},
"expansion": "Middle English alum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "alum"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman alum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "alūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin alūmen",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English alum, alum, alym, alyme, from Anglo-Norman alum, alun, from Latin alūmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alums",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "aluming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "alumed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "alumed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "alum (third-person singular simple present alums, present participle aluming, simple past and past participle alumed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1839, Andrew Ure, A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines:",
"text": "The silk should be boiled at the rate of 20 parts of soap per cent. , and then alumed. The aluming need not be so strong as for the fine crimson",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum."
],
"links": [
[
"steep",
"steep"
],
[
"impregnate",
"impregnate"
],
[
"solution",
"solution"
],
[
"alum",
"alum"
],
[
"treat",
"treat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæl.əm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alum (salt).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alum_%28salt%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alum_%28salt%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alum_%28salt%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alum_%28salt%29.wav.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "Allam"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "alumn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "alumenar"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "käsitellä alunalla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "alunoida"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "aluner"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.",
"word": "alumbrar"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"alum"
],
"word": "alum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"Pages with 8 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/2 syllables",
"en:Aluminium",
"en:People",
"en:Potassium",
"en:Sulfur"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "person"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From alumnus and alumna (> alumn- > alum), by the removal of the originally Latin gender-specific nominative singular case endings -us (masculine) and -a (feminine).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "alums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "alumni",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "alumni"
},
"expansion": "alum (plural alums or alumni)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"sense": "the original Latin gender-specific loanword",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alumna"
},
{
"english": "of unspecified gender or masculine",
"sense": "the original Latin gender-specific loanword",
"word": "alumnus"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"Canadian English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1961 Spring, Anchora of Delta Gamma, Volume LXXVII, No. 3, page 59,\nEvanston-North Shore alums are happy to open their homes to Sigma actives for special social events."
},
{
"ref": "2006, Ted Hart, James M. Greenfield, Pamela M. Gignac, Christopher Carnie, Major Donors: Finding Big Gifts in Your Database and Online, page 47:",
"text": "You'll remember that we're starting with a list of slightly over 7,000 names that are alums (most of them over 50) that we'd like to whittle down to a manageable list of prospects.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Timothy C. Jacobson, Charity & Merit: Trinity School at 300, page 190:",
"text": "All schools that last have alums, and, ancient as it was by American standards, Trinity by mid-century had thousands.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A past attendee or graduate (of any gender) of a college, university or other educational institution."
],
"links": [
[
"attendee",
"attendee"
],
[
"graduate",
"graduate"
]
],
"qualifier": "shortening",
"raw_glosses": [
"(shortening, Canada, US) A past attendee or graduate (of any gender) of a college, university or other educational institution."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈlʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-alum (alumnus).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alum_%28alumnus%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alum_%28alumnus%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/59/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alum_%28alumnus%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-alum_%28alumnus%29.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "of any gender",
"tags": [
"often",
"proscribed"
],
"word": "alumni"
},
{
"sense": "of any gender",
"word": "alumnx"
},
{
"word": "alumn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"alum"
],
"word": "alum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for alum meaning in English (23.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.