See 初 on Wiktionary
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{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"初 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 中尸竹 (LSH), four-corner 3722₀, composition ⿰衤刀)"
],
"id": "en-初-mul-character-03tk4soo",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"衤",
"衤#Translingual"
],
[
"刀",
"刀#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "一本初衷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "久夢初醒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "久梦初醒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zuìchū",
"word": "最初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "冬初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "凌濛初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūyī",
"word": "初一"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūyī shíwǔ",
"word": "初一十五"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初七"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūzhōng",
"word": "初中"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūrǔ",
"word": "初乳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chū'èr",
"word": "初二"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初五隔開"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初五隔开"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初交"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初伏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūdōng",
"word": "初冬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūchūmáolú",
"word": "初出茅廬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūchūmáolú",
"word": "初出茅庐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūchuàng",
"word": "初創"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūchuàng",
"word": "初创"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初印本"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初吉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Chūtáng",
"word": "初唐"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初唐四傑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初唐四杰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初喪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初丧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūxià",
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūyè",
"word": "初夜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūyèquán",
"word": "初夜權"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūyèquán",
"word": "初夜权"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初妻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūshǐ",
"word": "初始"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūhūn",
"word": "初婚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūxué",
"word": "初學"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūxué",
"word": "初学"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初學記"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初学记"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūshěn",
"word": "初審"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūshěn",
"word": "初审"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初寫黃庭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初写黄庭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初小"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初度"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūxián",
"word": "初弦"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūxīn",
"word": "初心"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初志"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūyì",
"word": "初意"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūliàn",
"word": "初戀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūliàn",
"word": "初恋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūzhàn",
"word": "初戰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūzhàn",
"word": "初战"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūwén",
"word": "初文"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūrì",
"word": "初日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūxún",
"word": "初旬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūchūn",
"word": "初春"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūshí",
"word": "初時"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūshí",
"word": "初时"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初晡日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūgēng",
"word": "初更"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初月"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初服"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūqī",
"word": "初期"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūcì",
"word": "初次"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūbù",
"word": "初步"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初歲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初岁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūbǎn",
"word": "初版"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūfàn",
"word": "初犯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初獻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初献"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūshēngzhīdú",
"word": "初生之犢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūshēngzhīdú",
"word": "初生之犊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初發"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初发"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初發芙蓉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初发芙蓉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初眠"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初祖"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūqiū",
"word": "初秋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初秋圖"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初秋图"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūgǎo",
"word": "初稿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初立"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūděng",
"word": "初等"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūděng hánshù",
"word": "初等函數"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūděng hánshù",
"word": "初等函数"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūděng jiàoyù",
"word": "初等教育"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初篁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūjí",
"word": "初級"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūjí",
"word": "初级"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūjí zhōngxué",
"word": "初級中學"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūjí zhōngxué",
"word": "初级中学"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初級團體"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初级团体"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初級小學"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初级小学"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初級關係"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初级关系"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初虧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初亏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初衣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūzhōng",
"word": "初衷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūzhěn",
"word": "初診"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūzhěn",
"word": "初诊"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūshì",
"word": "初試"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūshì",
"word": "初试"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初試啼聲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初试啼声"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初試身手"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初试身手"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūsài",
"word": "初賽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūsài",
"word": "初赛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūsù",
"word": "初速"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūxuǎn",
"word": "初選"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūxuǎn",
"word": "初选"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初選制"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初选制"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初間"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初间"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初階"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初阶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūyáng",
"word": "初陽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūyáng",
"word": "初阳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūxuě",
"word": "初雪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初霜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初露鋒芒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初露锋芒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初露頭角"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "初露头角"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūtóu",
"word": "初頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūtóu",
"word": "初头"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūyuàn",
"word": "初願"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chūyuàn",
"word": "初愿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "劈初頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "劈初头"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "厥初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "反初服"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "和好如初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "國初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "国初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "大夢初醒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "大梦初醒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dànián chūyī",
"word": "大年初一"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "大病初癒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "大病初愈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "太初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "太初曆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "太初历"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rúchū",
"word": "如初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "如夢初覺"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "如梦初觉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rúmèngchūxǐng",
"word": "如夢初醒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rúmèngchūxǐng",
"word": "如梦初醒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "如醉初醒"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wánhǎorúchū",
"word": "完好如初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "宜初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Shānchū",
"word": "山初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "niánchū",
"word": "年初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "往初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "從初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "从初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "huǐbùdāngchū",
"word": "悔不當初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "huǐbùdāngchū",
"word": "悔不当初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "情竇初開"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "情窦初开"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "新硎初試"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "新硎初试"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "旭日初升"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "晴初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "yuèchū",
"word": "月初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "běnchū",
"word": "本初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mínchū",
"word": "民初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "泰初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "瓜字初分"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dāngchū",
"word": "當初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dāngchū",
"word": "当初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "華燈初上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "华灯初上"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "賓之初筵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "宾之初筵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qǐchū",
"word": "起初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "遂初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kāichū",
"word": "開初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kāichū",
"word": "开初"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "xưa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: xưa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: xưa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "會意",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "會意／会意",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ic",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": ""
},
"expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "衣//",
"3": "衤",
"4": "clothes",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "衤 (“clothes”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "刀//",
"3": "",
"4": "knife; to cut",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "刀 (“knife; to cut”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "衣",
"2": "刀",
"alt1": "衤",
"ls": "ic",
"t1": "clothes",
"t2": "knife; to cut"
},
"expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 衤 (“clothes”) + 刀 (“knife; to cut”)",
"name": "Han compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "𢀰"
},
"expansion": "𢀰",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 衤 (“clothes”) + 刀 (“knife; to cut”) – start making clothes by cutting the cloth.\nThe various 𢀰-shaped glyphs are or are evolved from Zetian characters.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "初",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "early summer",
"roman": "chūxià",
"text": "初夏",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"initial; inceptive"
],
"id": "en-初-zh-character-Dd6cfipq",
"links": [
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"inceptive",
"inceptive"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "first snow",
"roman": "chūxuě",
"text": "初雪",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "first love",
"roman": "chūliàn",
"text": "初戀／初恋",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first"
],
"id": "en-初-zh-character-p5N7ZLjK",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 0 46 5 12 13 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "third day of a lunar month",
"roman": "chūsān",
"text": "初三",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prefix of dates from 1ˢᵗ to 10ᵗʰ in the Chinese calendar"
],
"id": "en-初-zh-character-sxBRJD6b"
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "one’s initial intention; original idea",
"roman": "chūzhōng",
"text": "初衷",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"original"
],
"id": "en-初-zh-character-BoLF8gdv",
"links": [
[
"original",
"original"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 0 7 7 62 7 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elementary Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "elementary",
"roman": "chūjí",
"text": "初級／初级",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"elementary; basic"
],
"id": "en-初-zh-character-bFmdsob-",
"links": [
[
"elementary",
"elementary"
],
[
"basic",
"basic"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "early April",
"roman": "sìyuè chū",
"text": "四月初",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "beginning of the Republic of China era",
"roman": "mínchū",
"text": "民初",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning; start"
],
"id": "en-初-zh-character-b0pGMy6z",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to have just begun one's career without any experience (literally, “to have just come out of one's thatched cottage”)",
"roman": "chūchūmáolú",
"text": "初出茅廬／初出茅庐",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to suddenly realize; to wake up to reality (literally, “as if one has just waken up from a dream”)",
"roman": "rúmèngchūxǐng",
"text": "如夢初醒／如梦初醒",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Recalling the year when Gongjin had just had Xiao Qiao as his wife, robust and beaming with might.",
"ref": "遙想公瑾當年，小喬初嫁了，雄姿英發。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "遥想公瑾当年，小乔初嫁了，雄姿英发。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 1082, Su Shi, 念奴嬌·赤壁懷古\nYáoxiǎng Gōngjǐn dāngnián, Xiǎoqiáo chū jià le, xióngzīyīngfā. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"just"
],
"id": "en-初-zh-character-ssZt~UXd",
"links": [
[
"just",
"just"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "chū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "chu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "cu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "co¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "co¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "cu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chhû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ci¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "cu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "chú"
},
{
"zh-pron": "chĕ̤"
},
{
"zh-pron": "chŭ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chhoe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chhe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chhere"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chho͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "co¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ciu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tshu"
},
{
"zh-pron": "cou¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "чу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ču"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "cu"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "co¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chō"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tso¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "co¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "co¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰᵘɔ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "cu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chhû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "cu´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "cu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "cu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "chú"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "chĕ̤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "chŭ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰœ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tshue"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "zhoef"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰue³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰue⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kinmen",
"Singapore",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tshe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "zhef"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰe⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Tainan",
"Yilan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tshere"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tshoo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "zhof"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɔ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Singapore",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tsho"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tshiu"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰo³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰiu³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tshu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tshu^平"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡sʰu⁵³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "cou¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰəu̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "tsrhjo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[ts]ʰra/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*sʰra/"
},
{
"other": "/ chhe /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰᵘɔ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰœ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰue³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰue⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰe⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɔ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰo³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰiu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰəu̯³³/"
},
{
"other": "[ts]"
},
{
"other": "/*sʰra/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Zetian characters"
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 4 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "saisho",
"ruby": [
[
"最",
"さい"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "最初"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Hase",
"ruby": [
[
"初瀬",
"はせ"
]
],
"word": "初瀬"
}
],
"id": "en-初-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"grade-4-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "hatsu"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨patu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨patu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "始め",
"3": "",
"4": "beginning",
"tr": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "始め (hajime, “beginning”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "端",
"3": "",
"4": "edge of something",
"tr": "ha"
},
"expansion": "端 (ha, “edge of something”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n⟨patu⟩ → /ɸat͡su/ → /hat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nPossible cognates include 始め (hajime, “beginning”) and 端 (ha, “edge of something”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hatsu-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "初(はつ) • (hatsu-)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hatsu-karigane",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"雁",
"かり"
],
[
"音",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "初雁が音"
},
{
"roman": "hatsukansetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初冠雪",
"はつかんせつ"
]
],
"word": "初冠雪"
},
{
"roman": "hatsugo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"子",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "初子"
},
{
"roman": "hatsukoi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"恋",
"こい"
]
],
"word": "初恋"
},
{
"roman": "hatsukoe",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"声",
"こえ"
]
],
"word": "初声"
},
{
"roman": "hatsushimo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"霜",
"しも"
]
],
"word": "初霜"
},
{
"roman": "hatsutanjō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"誕",
"たん"
],
[
"生",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "初誕生"
},
{
"roman": "hatsutoshi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"年",
"とし"
]
],
"word": "初年"
},
{
"roman": "hatsutsuki",
"word": "初月"
},
{
"roman": "hatsuzuki",
"word": "初月"
},
{
"roman": "hatsunatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"roman": "hatsune",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"音",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "初音"
},
{
"roman": "hatsuhana",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"花",
"はな"
]
],
"word": "初花"
},
{
"roman": "hatsumakura",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"枕",
"まくら"
]
],
"word": "初枕"
},
{
"roman": "hatsumimi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"耳",
"みみ"
]
],
"word": "初耳"
},
{
"roman": "hatsu-miyamairi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"宮",
"みや"
],
[
"参",
"まい"
]
],
"word": "初宮参り"
},
{
"roman": "hatsumono",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"物",
"もの"
]
],
"word": "初物"
},
{
"roman": "hatsu-momiji",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"紅葉",
"もみじ"
]
],
"word": "初紅葉"
},
{
"roman": "hatsuyuki",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"雪",
"ゆき"
]
],
"word": "初雪"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the first..., initial..., new..."
],
"id": "en-初-ja-prefix-OaSllEH4",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Adjective"
],
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"new",
"new"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "はつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ha̠t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ohatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"御",
"お"
],
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"word": "御初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "泊瀬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Hatsuse",
"word": "初瀬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hatsune",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"値",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "初値"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hatsu nenohi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"子",
"ね"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "初子の日"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "hatsu"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨patu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨patu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "始め",
"3": "",
"4": "beginning",
"tr": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "始め (hajime, “beginning”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "端",
"3": "",
"4": "edge of something",
"tr": "ha"
},
"expansion": "端 (ha, “edge of something”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n⟨patu⟩ → /ɸat͡su/ → /hat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nPossible cognates include 始め (hajime, “beginning”) and 端 (ha, “edge of something”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hatsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "初(はつ) • (hatsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "末"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the first concert of this year",
"roman": "kotoshi hatsu no konsāto",
"ruby": [
[
"今年",
"ことし"
],
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"text": "今年初のコンサート"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a first, start, a beginning"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-noun-9UaUOy-M",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Noun"
],
[
"start",
"start#Noun"
],
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 14 6 7 0 34 4 28 0 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 25 7 9 0 4 46 1 6 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 81 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first sexual relations, one's first time"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-noun-j52hDDlx",
"links": [
[
"sexual relation",
"sexual relation"
],
[
"first time",
"first time"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) first sexual relations, one's first time"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "はつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ha̠t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ui"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "初",
"tr": "ubu"
},
"expansion": "初 (ubu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "",
"4": "to birth",
"tr": "umu"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "日",
"lit": "birthday",
"t1": "to birth",
"t2": "day",
"tr1": "umu",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "birthday"
},
"expansion": "birthday",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "上",
"3": "",
"4": "above",
"pos": "possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\"",
"tr": "ue"
},
"expansion": "上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\")",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生ふ",
"pos": "ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”"
},
"expansion": "生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n/uɸi/ → /uwi/ → /ui/\nFirst attested in the Kokin Wakashū of roughly 905-914 CE, and assumed to be inherited from Old Japanese.\nThere is an apparently related term 初 (ubu) of overlapping synonymous meaning, first attested in the early 1000s. It is unclear how these two terms are related: one might be a derivation of the other, or the two might derive separately via other processes.\nBoth ui and ubu appear to be related to verb 生む (umu, “to birth”), from the sense of \"first of something since one has been born\".\nMartin suggests that this might be a fusion of 生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”. However, the meaning of any such compound would be the noun birthday with a sense of \"the day a woman gives birth\" rather than \"the day someone is born\". Also, phonologically, this would be expected to result in ubi: /umu/ + /pi/ → /umupi/ → /umpi/ → /ubi/.\nPossibly cognate with 上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\") or classical verb 生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ui",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ufi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うひ",
"roman": "ufi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うい",
"hhira": "うひ"
},
"expansion": "初(うい) • (ui) ^(←うひ (ufi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "uiuishii",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"々",
"うい"
]
],
"word": "初々しい"
},
{
"roman": "ui no ko",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"子",
"こ"
]
],
"word": "初の子"
},
{
"english": "crowning a boy for the first time at a coming-of-age ceremony",
"roman": "uikōburi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"冠",
"こうぶり"
]
],
"word": "初冠"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a first, start"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-noun-Qkx4wrJZ",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Noun"
],
[
"start",
"start#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kokin Wakashū"
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ui"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "初",
"tr": "ubu"
},
"expansion": "初 (ubu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "",
"4": "to birth",
"tr": "umu"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "日",
"lit": "birthday",
"t1": "to birth",
"t2": "day",
"tr1": "umu",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "birthday"
},
"expansion": "birthday",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "上",
"3": "",
"4": "above",
"pos": "possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\"",
"tr": "ue"
},
"expansion": "上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\")",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生ふ",
"pos": "ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”"
},
"expansion": "生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n/uɸi/ → /uwi/ → /ui/\nFirst attested in the Kokin Wakashū of roughly 905-914 CE, and assumed to be inherited from Old Japanese.\nThere is an apparently related term 初 (ubu) of overlapping synonymous meaning, first attested in the early 1000s. It is unclear how these two terms are related: one might be a derivation of the other, or the two might derive separately via other processes.\nBoth ui and ubu appear to be related to verb 生む (umu, “to birth”), from the sense of \"first of something since one has been born\".\nMartin suggests that this might be a fusion of 生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”. However, the meaning of any such compound would be the noun birthday with a sense of \"the day a woman gives birth\" rather than \"the day someone is born\". Also, phonologically, this would be expected to result in ubi: /umu/ + /pi/ → /umupi/ → /umpi/ → /ubi/.\nPossibly cognate with 上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\") or classical verb 生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ui-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ufi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うひ",
"roman": "ufi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "うい",
"hhira": "うひ"
},
"expansion": "初(うい) • (ui-) ^(←うひ (ufi)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "uigenzan",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"見",
"げん"
],
[
"参",
"ざん"
]
],
"word": "初見参"
},
{
"roman": "uigo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"子",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "初子"
},
{
"roman": "uikōburi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"冠",
"こうぶり"
]
],
"word": "初冠"
},
{
"roman": "uigokoro",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"心",
"ごころ"
]
],
"word": "初心"
},
{
"roman": "uigoto",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"事",
"ごと"
]
],
"word": "初事"
},
{
"roman": "uigoto",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"琴",
"ごと"
]
],
"word": "初琴"
},
{
"roman": "uigoto",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"言",
"ごと"
]
],
"word": "初言"
},
{
"roman": "uijin",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"陣",
"じん"
]
],
"word": "初陣"
},
{
"roman": "uidachi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"立",
"だ"
]
],
"word": "初立ち"
},
{
"roman": "uidatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"立",
"だ"
]
],
"word": "初立つ"
},
{
"roman": "uitabi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"他",
"た"
],
[
"火",
"び"
]
],
"word": "初他火"
},
{
"roman": "uibana",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"花",
"ばな"
]
],
"word": "初花"
},
{
"roman": "uibōkō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"奉",
"ぼう"
],
[
"公",
"こう"
]
],
"word": "初奉公"
},
{
"roman": "uimakura",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"枕",
"まくら"
]
],
"word": "初枕"
},
{
"roman": "uimanabi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"word": "初学び"
},
{
"roman": "uime",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"妻",
"め"
]
],
"word": "初妻"
},
{
"roman": "uimo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"裳",
"も"
]
],
"word": "初裳"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the first of something"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-prefix-YPZUk1zH",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kokin Wakashū"
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ubui",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"word": "初い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ubugatana",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
],
[
"刀",
"がたな"
]
],
"word": "初刀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ubugoe",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
],
[
"声",
"ごえ"
]
],
"word": "初声"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ubu"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom stem up- cognate with ui (historical uhi) above. Cause of the shift in voicing is uncertain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "初な",
"roman": "ubu na",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "初に",
"roman": "ubu ni",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "初だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "初で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "初だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "初な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "初なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "初であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "初なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "初だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "初に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "初さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ubusa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うぶ",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "初(うぶ) • (ubu) -na (adnominal 初(うぶ)な (ubu na), adverbial 初(うぶ)に (ubu ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "うぶ",
"lemma": "初",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"innocent"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-adj-TJVTgCL4",
"links": [
[
"innocent",
"innocent"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 14 6 7 0 34 4 28 0 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inexperienced, green"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-adj-pa-dUWsT",
"links": [
[
"inexperienced",
"inexperienced"
],
[
"green",
"green"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うぶ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝbɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "saisho",
"ruby": [
[
"最",
"さい"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "最初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shoka",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shogaku",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "初学"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shoki",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"期",
"き"
]
],
"word": "初期"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shokyū",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"級",
"きゅう"
]
],
"word": "初級"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shogetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"月",
"げつ"
]
],
"word": "初月"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shoken",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"見",
"けん"
]
],
"word": "初見"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shokon",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"婚",
"こん"
]
],
"word": "初婚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shoshun",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"春",
"しゅん"
]
],
"word": "初春"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shoshū",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"秋",
"しゅう"
]
],
"word": "初秋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shoshin",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"心",
"しん"
]
],
"word": "初心"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shosokudo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"速",
"そく"
],
[
"度",
"ど"
]
],
"word": "初速度"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shodai",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
]
],
"word": "初代"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shotaimen",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"対",
"たい"
],
[
"面",
"めん"
]
],
"word": "初対面"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shotō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"冬",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "初冬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shotō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"頭",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "初頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shonanuka",
"word": "初七日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shonanoka",
"word": "初七日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shonyū",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"乳",
"にゅう"
]
],
"word": "初乳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shonin",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"任",
"にん"
]
],
"word": "初任"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shoho",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"歩",
"ほ"
]
],
"word": "初歩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "taisho",
"ruby": [
[
"太",
"たい"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "太初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tōsho",
"ruby": [
[
"当",
"とう"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "当初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nensho",
"ruby": [
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "年初"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "sho"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "しよ"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "初"
},
"expansion": "初 (MC tsrhjo)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Min Nan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "初",
"tr": "chho͘"
},
"expansion": "初 (chho͘)",
"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle Chinese 初 (MC tsrhjo).\nCompare Min Nan 初 (chho͘).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sho",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しょ"
},
"expansion": "初(しょ) • (sho)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beginning, start"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-affix-6aPwyslj",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"first, initial"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-affix-~oY2pMwP",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"initial",
"initial"
]
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "始め",
"3": "",
"4": "beginning, first",
"tr": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "始め (hajime, “beginning, first”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nNominalization of 始め (hajime, “beginning, first”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はじめ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Hajime",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "はじめ"
},
"expansion": "初(はじめ) • (Hajime)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese given names",
"parents": [
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese male given names",
"parents": [
"Male given names",
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 19 5 2 0 40 3 28 0 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 15 4 6 0 37 3 29 0 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 14 6 7 0 34 4 28 0 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 15 4 6 0 38 3 29 0 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male given name"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-name-h8YdwBAs",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "처음 초",
"roman": "cheo'eum cho",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "처음",
"2": "초"
},
"expansion": "初 (eumhun 처음 초 (cheo'eum cho))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "beginning; start",
"word": "초"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "初等學校",
"english": "elementary school",
"roman": "chodeunghakgyo",
"word": "초등학교"
},
{
"alt": "初步者",
"english": "beginner",
"roman": "choboja",
"word": "초보자"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 초 (“beginning; start”)."
],
"id": "en-初-ko-character-1orW5E5h",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"초",
"초#Korean"
],
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 4 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan kanji with kun reading うぃー",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan kanji with kun reading す-みゆん",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan kanji with kun reading はじ-み",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan kanji with kun reading はじ-みてぃ",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan kanji with kun reading はち",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"id": "en-初-ryu-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"grade-4-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ryu",
"2": "jpx-ryu-pro",
"3": "*patu",
"sort": "はち"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Ryukyuan *patu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "初",
"tr": "hatsu-"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 初 (hatsu-)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Ryukyuan *patu.\nCognate with Japanese 初 (hatsu-).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hachi-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "はち",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "はち"
},
"expansion": "初(はち) (hachi-)",
"name": "ryu-head"
}
],
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Okinawan terms written with one Han script character",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hachiharu",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はち"
],
[
"春",
"はる"
]
],
"word": "初春"
},
{
"roman": "hachinachi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はち"
],
[
"夏",
"なち"
]
],
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"roman": "hachinanka",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はち"
],
[
"七",
"なん"
],
[
"日",
"か"
]
],
"word": "初七日"
},
{
"roman": "hachimun",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はち"
],
[
"物",
"むん"
]
],
"word": "初物"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the first..., initial..., new..."
],
"id": "en-初-ryu-prefix-OaSllEH4",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Adjective"
],
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"new",
"new"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[hat͡ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "初",
"tr": "hatsu-"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 初 (hatsu-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Japanese: 初 (hatsu-)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*patu",
"sort": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *patu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "始め",
"3": "",
"4": "beginning",
"tr": "pazime"
},
"expansion": "始め (pazime, “beginning”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "僅か",
"3": "",
"4": "faint",
"tr": "patuka"
},
"expansion": "僅か (patuka, “faint”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "端",
"3": "",
"4": "edge of something",
"tr": "pa"
},
"expansion": "端 (pa, “edge of something”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *patu.\nPossible cognates include 始め (pazime, “beginning”), 僅か (patuka, “faint”), and 端 (pa, “edge of something”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patu-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "はつ",
"tags": [
"hiragana"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "kana",
"4": "はつ",
"sort": "はつ",
"tr": "patu-"
},
"expansion": "初 (patu-) (kana はつ)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Japanese",
"lang_code": "ojp",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "patuaki1kaze",
"word": "初秋風"
},
{
"roman": "patukowe",
"word": "初聲"
},
{
"roman": "Patuse",
"word": "泊瀨"
},
{
"roman": "patutari",
"word": "初垂り"
},
{
"roman": "patu-to2gari",
"word": "初鷹狩り"
},
{
"roman": "patuni",
"word": "初土"
},
{
"roman": "patune",
"word": "初子"
},
{
"roman": "patupagi2",
"word": "初萩"
},
{
"roman": "patupana",
"word": "初花"
},
{
"roman": "patuparu",
"word": "初春"
},
{
"roman": "patu-momitiba",
"word": "初紅葉"
},
{
"roman": "patuyuki1",
"word": "初雪"
},
{
"roman": "patuwo",
"word": "初麻"
},
{
"roman": "patuwobana",
"word": "初尾花"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the first..., initial..., new..."
],
"id": "en-初-ojp-prefix-OaSllEH4",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Adjective"
],
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"new",
"new"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "初: Hán Việt readings: sơ 初: Nôm readings: xưa",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sơ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "xơ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "thơ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sờ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "sơ cấp",
"word": "初級"
}
],
"id": "en-初-vi-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "sơ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xưa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "sơ, xưa"
},
"expansion": "初 • (sơ, xưa)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sơ, xưa",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "初 • (sơ, xưa)",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "65 3 0 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of sơ (“in the initial stage; primary; elementary”)."
],
"id": "en-初-vi-adj-WCj-Q3pT",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"sơ",
"sơ#Vietnamese"
],
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"stage",
"stage"
],
[
"primary",
"primary"
],
[
"elementary",
"elementary"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Nom",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nôm form of xưa (“old; ancient”)."
],
"id": "en-初-vi-adj-kriuCUw6",
"links": [
[
"Nôm",
"chữ Nôm#Vietnamese"
],
[
"xưa",
"xưa#Vietnamese"
],
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
]
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "xưa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "xưa"
},
"expansion": "初 • (xưa)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xưa",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "初 • (xưa)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Nom",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 0 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Nom",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 0 0 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 0 0 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 0 0 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nôm form of xưa (“a long time ago; old times”)."
],
"id": "en-初-vi-noun-xMsI6BsX",
"links": [
[
"Nôm",
"chữ Nôm#Vietnamese"
],
[
"xưa",
"xưa#Vietnamese"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"ago",
"ago"
],
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"times",
"times"
]
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese adverbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min adjectives",
"Eastern Min adverbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Elementary Mandarin",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Northern Min adjectives",
"Northern Min adverbs",
"Northern Min lemmas",
"Northern Min nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "一本初衷"
},
{
"word": "久夢初醒"
},
{
"word": "久梦初醒"
},
{
"roman": "zuìchū",
"word": "最初"
},
{
"word": "冬初"
},
{
"word": "凌濛初"
},
{
"roman": "chūyī",
"word": "初一"
},
{
"roman": "chūyī shíwǔ",
"word": "初一十五"
},
{
"word": "初七"
},
{
"roman": "chūzhōng",
"word": "初中"
},
{
"roman": "chūrǔ",
"word": "初乳"
},
{
"roman": "chū'èr",
"word": "初二"
},
{
"word": "初五隔開"
},
{
"word": "初五隔开"
},
{
"word": "初交"
},
{
"word": "初伏"
},
{
"roman": "chūdōng",
"word": "初冬"
},
{
"roman": "chūchūmáolú",
"word": "初出茅廬"
},
{
"roman": "chūchūmáolú",
"word": "初出茅庐"
},
{
"roman": "chūchuàng",
"word": "初創"
},
{
"roman": "chūchuàng",
"word": "初创"
},
{
"word": "初印本"
},
{
"word": "初吉"
},
{
"roman": "Chūtáng",
"word": "初唐"
},
{
"word": "初唐四傑"
},
{
"word": "初唐四杰"
},
{
"word": "初喪"
},
{
"word": "初丧"
},
{
"roman": "chūxià",
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"roman": "chūyè",
"word": "初夜"
},
{
"roman": "chūyèquán",
"word": "初夜權"
},
{
"roman": "chūyèquán",
"word": "初夜权"
},
{
"word": "初妻"
},
{
"roman": "chūshǐ",
"word": "初始"
},
{
"roman": "chūhūn",
"word": "初婚"
},
{
"roman": "chūxué",
"word": "初學"
},
{
"roman": "chūxué",
"word": "初学"
},
{
"word": "初學記"
},
{
"word": "初学记"
},
{
"roman": "chūshěn",
"word": "初審"
},
{
"roman": "chūshěn",
"word": "初审"
},
{
"word": "初寫黃庭"
},
{
"word": "初写黄庭"
},
{
"word": "初小"
},
{
"word": "初度"
},
{
"roman": "chūxián",
"word": "初弦"
},
{
"roman": "chūxīn",
"word": "初心"
},
{
"word": "初志"
},
{
"roman": "chūyì",
"word": "初意"
},
{
"roman": "chūliàn",
"word": "初戀"
},
{
"roman": "chūliàn",
"word": "初恋"
},
{
"roman": "chūzhàn",
"word": "初戰"
},
{
"roman": "chūzhàn",
"word": "初战"
},
{
"roman": "chūwén",
"word": "初文"
},
{
"roman": "chūrì",
"word": "初日"
},
{
"roman": "chūxún",
"word": "初旬"
},
{
"roman": "chūchūn",
"word": "初春"
},
{
"roman": "chūshí",
"word": "初時"
},
{
"roman": "chūshí",
"word": "初时"
},
{
"word": "初晡日"
},
{
"roman": "chūgēng",
"word": "初更"
},
{
"word": "初月"
},
{
"word": "初服"
},
{
"roman": "chūqī",
"word": "初期"
},
{
"roman": "chūcì",
"word": "初次"
},
{
"roman": "chūbù",
"word": "初步"
},
{
"word": "初歲"
},
{
"word": "初岁"
},
{
"word": "初民"
},
{
"roman": "chūbǎn",
"word": "初版"
},
{
"roman": "chūfàn",
"word": "初犯"
},
{
"word": "初獻"
},
{
"word": "初献"
},
{
"roman": "chūshēngzhīdú",
"word": "初生之犢"
},
{
"roman": "chūshēngzhīdú",
"word": "初生之犊"
},
{
"word": "初發"
},
{
"word": "初发"
},
{
"word": "初發芙蓉"
},
{
"word": "初发芙蓉"
},
{
"word": "初眠"
},
{
"word": "初祖"
},
{
"roman": "chūqiū",
"word": "初秋"
},
{
"word": "初秋圖"
},
{
"word": "初秋图"
},
{
"roman": "chūgǎo",
"word": "初稿"
},
{
"word": "初立"
},
{
"roman": "chūděng",
"word": "初等"
},
{
"roman": "chūděng hánshù",
"word": "初等函數"
},
{
"roman": "chūděng hánshù",
"word": "初等函数"
},
{
"roman": "chūděng jiàoyù",
"word": "初等教育"
},
{
"word": "初篁"
},
{
"roman": "chūjí",
"word": "初級"
},
{
"roman": "chūjí",
"word": "初级"
},
{
"roman": "chūjí zhōngxué",
"word": "初級中學"
},
{
"roman": "chūjí zhōngxué",
"word": "初级中学"
},
{
"word": "初級團體"
},
{
"word": "初级团体"
},
{
"word": "初級小學"
},
{
"word": "初级小学"
},
{
"word": "初級關係"
},
{
"word": "初级关系"
},
{
"word": "初虧"
},
{
"word": "初亏"
},
{
"word": "初衣"
},
{
"roman": "chūzhōng",
"word": "初衷"
},
{
"roman": "chūzhěn",
"word": "初診"
},
{
"roman": "chūzhěn",
"word": "初诊"
},
{
"roman": "chūshì",
"word": "初試"
},
{
"roman": "chūshì",
"word": "初试"
},
{
"word": "初試啼聲"
},
{
"word": "初试啼声"
},
{
"word": "初試身手"
},
{
"word": "初试身手"
},
{
"roman": "chūsài",
"word": "初賽"
},
{
"roman": "chūsài",
"word": "初赛"
},
{
"roman": "chūsù",
"word": "初速"
},
{
"roman": "chūxuǎn",
"word": "初選"
},
{
"roman": "chūxuǎn",
"word": "初选"
},
{
"word": "初選制"
},
{
"word": "初选制"
},
{
"word": "初間"
},
{
"word": "初间"
},
{
"word": "初階"
},
{
"word": "初阶"
},
{
"roman": "chūyáng",
"word": "初陽"
},
{
"roman": "chūyáng",
"word": "初阳"
},
{
"roman": "chūxuě",
"word": "初雪"
},
{
"word": "初霜"
},
{
"word": "初露鋒芒"
},
{
"word": "初露锋芒"
},
{
"word": "初露頭角"
},
{
"word": "初露头角"
},
{
"roman": "chūtóu",
"word": "初頭"
},
{
"roman": "chūtóu",
"word": "初头"
},
{
"roman": "chūyuàn",
"word": "初願"
},
{
"roman": "chūyuàn",
"word": "初愿"
},
{
"word": "劈初頭"
},
{
"word": "劈初头"
},
{
"word": "厥初"
},
{
"word": "反初服"
},
{
"word": "和好如初"
},
{
"word": "國初"
},
{
"word": "国初"
},
{
"word": "大夢初醒"
},
{
"word": "大梦初醒"
},
{
"roman": "dànián chūyī",
"word": "大年初一"
},
{
"word": "大病初癒"
},
{
"word": "大病初愈"
},
{
"word": "太初"
},
{
"word": "太初曆"
},
{
"word": "太初历"
},
{
"roman": "rúchū",
"word": "如初"
},
{
"word": "如夢初覺"
},
{
"word": "如梦初觉"
},
{
"roman": "rúmèngchūxǐng",
"word": "如夢初醒"
},
{
"roman": "rúmèngchūxǐng",
"word": "如梦初醒"
},
{
"word": "如醉初醒"
},
{
"roman": "wánhǎorúchū",
"word": "完好如初"
},
{
"word": "宜初"
},
{
"roman": "Shānchū",
"word": "山初"
},
{
"roman": "niánchū",
"word": "年初"
},
{
"word": "往初"
},
{
"word": "從初"
},
{
"word": "从初"
},
{
"roman": "huǐbùdāngchū",
"word": "悔不當初"
},
{
"roman": "huǐbùdāngchū",
"word": "悔不当初"
},
{
"word": "情竇初開"
},
{
"word": "情窦初开"
},
{
"word": "新硎初試"
},
{
"word": "新硎初试"
},
{
"word": "旭日初升"
},
{
"word": "晴初"
},
{
"roman": "yuèchū",
"word": "月初"
},
{
"roman": "běnchū",
"word": "本初"
},
{
"roman": "mínchū",
"word": "民初"
},
{
"word": "泰初"
},
{
"word": "瓜字初分"
},
{
"roman": "dāngchū",
"word": "當初"
},
{
"roman": "dāngchū",
"word": "当初"
},
{
"word": "華燈初上"
},
{
"word": "华灯初上"
},
{
"word": "賓之初筵"
},
{
"word": "宾之初筵"
},
{
"roman": "qǐchū",
"word": "起初"
},
{
"word": "遂初"
},
{
"roman": "kāichū",
"word": "開初"
},
{
"roman": "kāichū",
"word": "开初"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "xưa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: xưa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: xưa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "會意",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "會意／会意",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "Han ideogrammic compounds"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ic",
"adj": "",
"nocap": "",
"pron": ""
},
"expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意)",
"name": "liushu"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "衣//",
"3": "衤",
"4": "clothes",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "衤 (“clothes”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "刀//",
"3": "",
"4": "knife; to cut",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "刀 (“knife; to cut”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "衣",
"2": "刀",
"alt1": "衤",
"ls": "ic",
"t1": "clothes",
"t2": "knife; to cut"
},
"expansion": "Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 衤 (“clothes”) + 刀 (“knife; to cut”)",
"name": "Han compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "𢀰"
},
"expansion": "𢀰",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 衤 (“clothes”) + 刀 (“knife; to cut”) – start making clothes by cutting the cloth.\nThe various 𢀰-shaped glyphs are or are evolved from Zetian characters.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "初",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "early summer",
"roman": "chūxià",
"text": "初夏",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"initial; inceptive"
],
"links": [
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"inceptive",
"inceptive"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "first snow",
"roman": "chūxuě",
"text": "初雪",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "first love",
"roman": "chūliàn",
"text": "初戀／初恋",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "third day of a lunar month",
"roman": "chūsān",
"text": "初三",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prefix of dates from 1ˢᵗ to 10ᵗʰ in the Chinese calendar"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "one’s initial intention; original idea",
"roman": "chūzhōng",
"text": "初衷",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"original"
],
"links": [
[
"original",
"original"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "elementary",
"roman": "chūjí",
"text": "初級／初级",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"elementary; basic"
],
"links": [
[
"elementary",
"elementary"
],
[
"basic",
"basic"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "early April",
"roman": "sìyuè chū",
"text": "四月初",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "beginning of the Republic of China era",
"roman": "mínchū",
"text": "民初",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beginning; start"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to have just begun one's career without any experience (literally, “to have just come out of one's thatched cottage”)",
"roman": "chūchūmáolú",
"text": "初出茅廬／初出茅庐",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to suddenly realize; to wake up to reality (literally, “as if one has just waken up from a dream”)",
"roman": "rúmèngchūxǐng",
"text": "如夢初醒／如梦初醒",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Recalling the year when Gongjin had just had Xiao Qiao as his wife, robust and beaming with might.",
"ref": "遙想公瑾當年，小喬初嫁了，雄姿英發。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "遥想公瑾当年，小乔初嫁了，雄姿英发。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 1082, Su Shi, 念奴嬌·赤壁懷古\nYáoxiǎng Gōngjǐn dāngnián, Xiǎoqiáo chū jià le, xióngzīyīngfā. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"just"
],
"links": [
[
"just",
"just"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "chū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "chu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "cu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "co¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "co¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "cu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chhû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ci¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "cu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "chú"
},
{
"zh-pron": "chĕ̤"
},
{
"zh-pron": "chŭ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chhoe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chhe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chhere"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chho͘"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "co¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ciu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹tshu"
},
{
"zh-pron": "cou¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄨ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "чу"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ču"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "cu"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "co¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chō"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "tso¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "co¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "co¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰᵘɔ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "cu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "chhû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "cu´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "cu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "cu¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "chú"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "chĕ̤"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "chŭ"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰœ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tshue"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "zhoef"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰue³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰue⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kinmen",
"Singapore",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tshe"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "zhef"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰe⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Tainan",
"Yilan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tshere"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tshoo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "zhof"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɔ³³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Singapore",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tsho"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tshiu"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰo³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰiu³³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹tshu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "tshu^平"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/t͡sʰu⁵³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "cou¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰəu̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "tsrhjo"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[ts]ʰra/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*sʰra/"
},
{
"other": "/ chhe /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰᵘɔ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰœ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰue³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰue⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰe⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɔ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰɔ⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰo³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰiu³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰu⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰəu̯³³/"
},
{
"other": "[ts]"
},
{
"other": "/*sʰra/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Zetian characters"
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 4 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading そ",
"Japanese kanji with historical kun reading うひ",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しょ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading うい",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading うぶ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading そ-める",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading はじ-め",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading はじ-めて",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading はつ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading し",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading もと",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "saisho",
"ruby": [
[
"最",
"さい"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "最初"
},
{
"english": "Hase",
"ruby": [
[
"初瀬",
"はせ"
]
],
"word": "初瀬"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"grade-4-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hatsu-karigane",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"雁",
"かり"
],
[
"音",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "初雁が音"
},
{
"roman": "hatsukansetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初冠雪",
"はつかんせつ"
]
],
"word": "初冠雪"
},
{
"roman": "hatsugo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"子",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "初子"
},
{
"roman": "hatsukoi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"恋",
"こい"
]
],
"word": "初恋"
},
{
"roman": "hatsukoe",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"声",
"こえ"
]
],
"word": "初声"
},
{
"roman": "hatsushimo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"霜",
"しも"
]
],
"word": "初霜"
},
{
"roman": "hatsutanjō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"誕",
"たん"
],
[
"生",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "初誕生"
},
{
"roman": "hatsutoshi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"年",
"とし"
]
],
"word": "初年"
},
{
"roman": "hatsutsuki",
"word": "初月"
},
{
"roman": "hatsuzuki",
"word": "初月"
},
{
"roman": "hatsunatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"roman": "hatsune",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"音",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "初音"
},
{
"roman": "hatsuhana",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"花",
"はな"
]
],
"word": "初花"
},
{
"roman": "hatsumakura",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"枕",
"まくら"
]
],
"word": "初枕"
},
{
"roman": "hatsumimi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"耳",
"みみ"
]
],
"word": "初耳"
},
{
"roman": "hatsu-miyamairi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"宮",
"みや"
],
[
"参",
"まい"
]
],
"word": "初宮参り"
},
{
"roman": "hatsumono",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"物",
"もの"
]
],
"word": "初物"
},
{
"roman": "hatsu-momiji",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"紅葉",
"もみじ"
]
],
"word": "初紅葉"
},
{
"roman": "hatsuyuki",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"雪",
"ゆき"
]
],
"word": "初雪"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "hatsu"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨patu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨patu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "始め",
"3": "",
"4": "beginning",
"tr": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "始め (hajime, “beginning”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "端",
"3": "",
"4": "edge of something",
"tr": "ha"
},
"expansion": "端 (ha, “edge of something”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n⟨patu⟩ → /ɸat͡su/ → /hat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nPossible cognates include 始め (hajime, “beginning”) and 端 (ha, “edge of something”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hatsu-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "初(はつ) • (hatsu-)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the first..., initial..., new..."
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Adjective"
],
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"new",
"new"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "はつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ha̠t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ohatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"御",
"お"
],
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"word": "御初"
},
{
"word": "泊瀬"
},
{
"roman": "Hatsuse",
"word": "初瀬"
},
{
"roman": "hatsune",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"値",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "初値"
},
{
"roman": "hatsu nenohi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"子",
"ね"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "初子の日"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "hatsu"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨patu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨patu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "始め",
"3": "",
"4": "beginning",
"tr": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "始め (hajime, “beginning”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "端",
"3": "",
"4": "edge of something",
"tr": "ha"
},
"expansion": "端 (ha, “edge of something”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n⟨patu⟩ → /ɸat͡su/ → /hat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nPossible cognates include 始め (hajime, “beginning”) and 端 (ha, “edge of something”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hatsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "初(はつ) • (hatsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "末"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the first concert of this year",
"roman": "kotoshi hatsu no konsāto",
"ruby": [
[
"今年",
"ことし"
],
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"text": "今年初のコンサート"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a first, start, a beginning"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Noun"
],
[
"start",
"start#Noun"
],
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese slang",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"first sexual relations, one's first time"
],
"links": [
[
"sexual relation",
"sexual relation"
],
[
"first time",
"first time"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) first sexual relations, one's first time"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "はつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ha̠t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "uiuishii",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"々",
"うい"
]
],
"word": "初々しい"
},
{
"roman": "ui no ko",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"子",
"こ"
]
],
"word": "初の子"
},
{
"english": "crowning a boy for the first time at a coming-of-age ceremony",
"roman": "uikōburi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"冠",
"こうぶり"
]
],
"word": "初冠"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ui"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "初",
"tr": "ubu"
},
"expansion": "初 (ubu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "",
"4": "to birth",
"tr": "umu"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "日",
"lit": "birthday",
"t1": "to birth",
"t2": "day",
"tr1": "umu",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "birthday"
},
"expansion": "birthday",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "上",
"3": "",
"4": "above",
"pos": "possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\"",
"tr": "ue"
},
"expansion": "上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\")",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生ふ",
"pos": "ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”"
},
"expansion": "生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n/uɸi/ → /uwi/ → /ui/\nFirst attested in the Kokin Wakashū of roughly 905-914 CE, and assumed to be inherited from Old Japanese.\nThere is an apparently related term 初 (ubu) of overlapping synonymous meaning, first attested in the early 1000s. It is unclear how these two terms are related: one might be a derivation of the other, or the two might derive separately via other processes.\nBoth ui and ubu appear to be related to verb 生む (umu, “to birth”), from the sense of \"first of something since one has been born\".\nMartin suggests that this might be a fusion of 生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”. However, the meaning of any such compound would be the noun birthday with a sense of \"the day a woman gives birth\" rather than \"the day someone is born\". Also, phonologically, this would be expected to result in ubi: /umu/ + /pi/ → /umupi/ → /umpi/ → /ubi/.\nPossibly cognate with 上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\") or classical verb 生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ui",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ufi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うひ",
"roman": "ufi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うい",
"hhira": "うひ"
},
"expansion": "初(うい) • (ui) ^(←うひ (ufi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a first, start"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Noun"
],
[
"start",
"start#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kokin Wakashū"
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "uigenzan",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"見",
"げん"
],
[
"参",
"ざん"
]
],
"word": "初見参"
},
{
"roman": "uigo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"子",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "初子"
},
{
"roman": "uikōburi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"冠",
"こうぶり"
]
],
"word": "初冠"
},
{
"roman": "uigokoro",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"心",
"ごころ"
]
],
"word": "初心"
},
{
"roman": "uigoto",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"事",
"ごと"
]
],
"word": "初事"
},
{
"roman": "uigoto",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"琴",
"ごと"
]
],
"word": "初琴"
},
{
"roman": "uigoto",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"言",
"ごと"
]
],
"word": "初言"
},
{
"roman": "uijin",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"陣",
"じん"
]
],
"word": "初陣"
},
{
"roman": "uidachi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"立",
"だ"
]
],
"word": "初立ち"
},
{
"roman": "uidatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"立",
"だ"
]
],
"word": "初立つ"
},
{
"roman": "uitabi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"他",
"た"
],
[
"火",
"び"
]
],
"word": "初他火"
},
{
"roman": "uibana",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"花",
"ばな"
]
],
"word": "初花"
},
{
"roman": "uibōkō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"奉",
"ぼう"
],
[
"公",
"こう"
]
],
"word": "初奉公"
},
{
"roman": "uimakura",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"枕",
"まくら"
]
],
"word": "初枕"
},
{
"roman": "uimanabi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"word": "初学び"
},
{
"roman": "uime",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"妻",
"め"
]
],
"word": "初妻"
},
{
"roman": "uimo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"裳",
"も"
]
],
"word": "初裳"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ui"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "初",
"tr": "ubu"
},
"expansion": "初 (ubu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "",
"4": "to birth",
"tr": "umu"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "日",
"lit": "birthday",
"t1": "to birth",
"t2": "day",
"tr1": "umu",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "birthday"
},
"expansion": "birthday",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "上",
"3": "",
"4": "above",
"pos": "possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\"",
"tr": "ue"
},
"expansion": "上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\")",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生ふ",
"pos": "ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”"
},
"expansion": "生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n/uɸi/ → /uwi/ → /ui/\nFirst attested in the Kokin Wakashū of roughly 905-914 CE, and assumed to be inherited from Old Japanese.\nThere is an apparently related term 初 (ubu) of overlapping synonymous meaning, first attested in the early 1000s. It is unclear how these two terms are related: one might be a derivation of the other, or the two might derive separately via other processes.\nBoth ui and ubu appear to be related to verb 生む (umu, “to birth”), from the sense of \"first of something since one has been born\".\nMartin suggests that this might be a fusion of 生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”. However, the meaning of any such compound would be the noun birthday with a sense of \"the day a woman gives birth\" rather than \"the day someone is born\". Also, phonologically, this would be expected to result in ubi: /umu/ + /pi/ → /umupi/ → /umpi/ → /ubi/.\nPossibly cognate with 上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\") or classical verb 生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ui-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ufi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うひ",
"roman": "ufi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "うい",
"hhira": "うひ"
},
"expansion": "初(うい) • (ui-) ^(←うひ (ufi)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the first of something"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kokin Wakashū"
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese な-na adjectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ubui",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"word": "初い"
},
{
"roman": "ubugatana",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
],
[
"刀",
"がたな"
]
],
"word": "初刀"
},
{
"roman": "ubugoe",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
],
[
"声",
"ごえ"
]
],
"word": "初声"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ubu"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom stem up- cognate with ui (historical uhi) above. Cause of the shift in voicing is uncertain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "初な",
"roman": "ubu na",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "初に",
"roman": "ubu ni",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "初だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "初で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "初だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "初な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "初なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "初であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "初なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "初だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "初に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "初さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ubusa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うぶ",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "初(うぶ) • (ubu) -na (adnominal 初(うぶ)な (ubu na), adverbial 初(うぶ)に (ubu ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "うぶ",
"lemma": "初",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"innocent"
],
"links": [
[
"innocent",
"innocent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inexperienced, green"
],
"links": [
[
"inexperienced",
"inexperienced"
],
[
"green",
"green"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うぶ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝbɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "shoka",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"roman": "shogaku",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "初学"
},
{
"roman": "shoki",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"期",
"き"
]
],
"word": "初期"
},
{
"roman": "shokyū",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"級",
"きゅう"
]
],
"word": "初級"
},
{
"roman": "shogetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"月",
"げつ"
]
],
"word": "初月"
},
{
"roman": "shoken",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"見",
"けん"
]
],
"word": "初見"
},
{
"roman": "shokon",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"婚",
"こん"
]
],
"word": "初婚"
},
{
"roman": "shoshun",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"春",
"しゅん"
]
],
"word": "初春"
},
{
"roman": "shoshū",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"秋",
"しゅう"
]
],
"word": "初秋"
},
{
"roman": "shoshin",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"心",
"しん"
]
],
"word": "初心"
},
{
"roman": "shosokudo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"速",
"そく"
],
[
"度",
"ど"
]
],
"word": "初速度"
},
{
"roman": "shodai",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
]
],
"word": "初代"
},
{
"roman": "shotaimen",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"対",
"たい"
],
[
"面",
"めん"
]
],
"word": "初対面"
},
{
"roman": "shotō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"冬",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "初冬"
},
{
"roman": "shotō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"頭",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "初頭"
},
{
"roman": "shonanuka",
"word": "初七日"
},
{
"roman": "shonanoka",
"word": "初七日"
},
{
"roman": "shonyū",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"乳",
"にゅう"
]
],
"word": "初乳"
},
{
"roman": "shonin",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"任",
"にん"
]
],
"word": "初任"
},
{
"roman": "shoho",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"歩",
"ほ"
]
],
"word": "初歩"
},
{
"roman": "saisho",
"ruby": [
[
"最",
"さい"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "最初"
},
{
"roman": "taisho",
"ruby": [
[
"太",
"たい"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "太初"
},
{
"roman": "tōsho",
"ruby": [
[
"当",
"とう"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "当初"
},
{
"roman": "nensho",
"ruby": [
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "年初"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "sho"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "しよ"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "初"
},
"expansion": "初 (MC tsrhjo)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Min Nan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "初",
"tr": "chho͘"
},
"expansion": "初 (chho͘)",
"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle Chinese 初 (MC tsrhjo).\nCompare Min Nan 初 (chho͘).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sho",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しょ"
},
"expansion": "初(しょ) • (sho)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beginning, start"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"first, initial"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"initial",
"initial"
]
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"初め"
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
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"1": "ja",
"2": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "table",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "始め",
"3": "",
"4": "beginning, first",
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},
"expansion": "始め (hajime, “beginning, first”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nNominalization of 始め (hajime, “beginning, first”).",
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{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はじめ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Hajime",
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"romanization"
]
}
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],
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{
"categories": [
"Japanese given names",
"Japanese male given names",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a male given name"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"alt": "初等學校",
"english": "elementary school",
"roman": "chodeunghakgyo",
"word": "초등학교"
},
{
"alt": "初步者",
"english": "beginner",
"roman": "choboja",
"word": "초보자"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "처음 초",
"roman": "cheo'eum cho",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "처음",
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},
"expansion": "初 (eumhun 처음 초 (cheo'eum cho))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "beginning; start",
"word": "초"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean Han characters",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 초 (“beginning; start”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"초",
"초#Korean"
],
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
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[
"start",
"start"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 4 kanji",
"Okinawan Han characters",
"Okinawan entries with incorrect language header",
"Okinawan kanji with kun reading うぃー",
"Okinawan kanji with kun reading す-みゆん",
"Okinawan kanji with kun reading はじ-み",
"Okinawan kanji with kun reading はじ-みてぃ",
"Okinawan kanji with kun reading はち",
"Okinawan lemmas",
"Okinawan prefixes",
"Okinawan single-kanji terms",
"Okinawan terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan",
"Okinawan terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan",
"Okinawan terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Okinawan terms spelled with 初",
"Okinawan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Okinawan terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Okinawan terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Okinawan terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Okinawan terms written with one Han script character"
],
"lang": "Okinawan",
"lang_code": "ryu",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"grade-4-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Okinawan entries with incorrect language header",
"Okinawan lemmas",
"Okinawan prefixes",
"Okinawan single-kanji terms",
"Okinawan terms derived from Proto-Ryukyuan",
"Okinawan terms inherited from Proto-Ryukyuan",
"Okinawan terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Okinawan terms spelled with 初",
"Okinawan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Okinawan terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Okinawan terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Okinawan terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Okinawan terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hachiharu",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はち"
],
[
"春",
"はる"
]
],
"word": "初春"
},
{
"roman": "hachinachi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はち"
],
[
"夏",
"なち"
]
],
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"roman": "hachinanka",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はち"
],
[
"七",
"なん"
],
[
"日",
"か"
]
],
"word": "初七日"
},
{
"roman": "hachimun",
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[
"初",
"はち"
],
[
"物",
"むん"
]
],
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}
],
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "初",
"tr": "hatsu-"
},
"expansion": "Japanese 初 (hatsu-)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "hachi-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "はち",
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"hiragana"
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}
],
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],
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"lang_code": "ryu",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
"glosses": [
"the first..., initial..., new..."
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Adjective"
],
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"new",
"new"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[hat͡ɕi]"
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "patuaki1kaze",
"word": "初秋風"
},
{
"roman": "patukowe",
"word": "初聲"
},
{
"roman": "Patuse",
"word": "泊瀨"
},
{
"roman": "patutari",
"word": "初垂り"
},
{
"roman": "patu-to2gari",
"word": "初鷹狩り"
},
{
"roman": "patuni",
"word": "初土"
},
{
"roman": "patune",
"word": "初子"
},
{
"roman": "patupagi2",
"word": "初萩"
},
{
"roman": "patupana",
"word": "初花"
},
{
"roman": "patuparu",
"word": "初春"
},
{
"roman": "patu-momitiba",
"word": "初紅葉"
},
{
"roman": "patuyuki1",
"word": "初雪"
},
{
"roman": "patuwo",
"word": "初麻"
},
{
"roman": "patuwobana",
"word": "初尾花"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
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"tr": "hatsu-"
},
"expansion": "Japanese: 初 (hatsu-)",
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}
],
"text": "Japanese: 初 (hatsu-)"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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},
{
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"4": "beginning",
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},
{
"args": {
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "ojp",
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"4": "edge of something",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Japonic *patu.\nPossible cognates include 始め (pazime, “beginning”), 僅か (patuka, “faint”), and 端 (pa, “edge of something”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "patu-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "はつ",
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"hiragana"
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],
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"first",
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[
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],
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{
"lang": "Translingual",
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{
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"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
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],
"glosses": [
"初 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 中尸竹 (LSH), four-corner 3722₀, composition ⿰衤刀)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"衤",
"衤#Translingual"
],
[
"刀",
"刀#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
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}
],
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{
"categories": [
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"Vietnamese Nom",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese adjectives in Han script",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "sơ cấp",
"word": "初級"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "初: Hán Việt readings: sơ 初: Nôm readings: xưa",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sơ",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "xơ",
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"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "thơ",
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"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sờ",
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"canonical"
]
}
],
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{
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"han"
],
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"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
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"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "sơ",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "xưa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "sơ, xưa"
},
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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],
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{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
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"glosses": [
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[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
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[
"sơ",
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[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"stage",
"stage"
],
[
"primary",
"primary"
],
[
"elementary",
"elementary"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Nom"
],
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"Nôm form of xưa (“old; ancient”)."
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[
"Nôm",
"chữ Nôm#Vietnamese"
],
[
"xưa",
"xưa#Vietnamese"
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[
"old",
"old"
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[
"ancient",
"ancient"
]
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
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],
"forms": [
{
"form": "xưa",
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}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"4": "",
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},
{
"args": {
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],
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"lang_code": "vi",
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{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Nom"
],
"glosses": [
"Nôm form of xưa (“a long time ago; old times”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Nôm",
"chữ Nôm#Vietnamese"
],
[
"xưa",
"xưa#Vietnamese"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"ago",
"ago"
],
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"times",
"times"
]
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
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}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"初"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "affix",
"title": "初",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"初"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "初",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: '初: Hán Việt readings: sơ 初: Nôm readings: xưa' in '初: Hán Việt readings: sơ (楚(sở)徂(tồ)切(thiết)) 初: Nôm readings: xưa, sơ, xơ, thơ, sờ'",
"path": [
"初"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "han character",
"title": "初",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: 楚(sở)徂(tồ)切(thiết)",
"path": [
"初"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "han character",
"title": "初",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "初/Japanese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"categories\": [\"Japanese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Japanese lemmas\", \"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Japanese proper nouns\", \"Japanese single-kanji terms\", \"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji\", \"Japanese terms spelled with 初\", \"Japanese terms with multiple readings\", \"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys\", \"Japanese terms written with one Han script character\"], \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"初め\"], \"word\": \"初\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "soft-redirect",
"title": "初",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.