See 初 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 初 meaning in Japanese (28.9kB)
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 4 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "saisho",
"ruby": [
[
"最",
"さい"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "最初"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "Hase",
"ruby": [
[
"初瀬",
"はせ"
]
],
"word": "初瀬"
}
],
"id": "en-初-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"grade-4-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "hatsu"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨patu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨patu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "始め",
"3": "",
"4": "beginning",
"tr": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "始め (hajime, “beginning”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "端",
"3": "",
"4": "edge of something",
"tr": "ha"
},
"expansion": "端 (ha, “edge of something”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n⟨patu⟩ → /ɸat͡su/ → /hat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nPossible cognates include 始め (hajime, “beginning”) and 端 (ha, “edge of something”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hatsu-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "初(はつ) • (hatsu-)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hatsu-karigane",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"雁",
"かり"
],
[
"音",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "初雁が音"
},
{
"roman": "hatsukansetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初冠雪",
"はつかんせつ"
]
],
"word": "初冠雪"
},
{
"roman": "hatsugo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"子",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "初子"
},
{
"roman": "hatsukoi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"恋",
"こい"
]
],
"word": "初恋"
},
{
"roman": "hatsukoe",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"声",
"こえ"
]
],
"word": "初声"
},
{
"roman": "hatsushimo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"霜",
"しも"
]
],
"word": "初霜"
},
{
"roman": "hatsutanjō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"誕",
"たん"
],
[
"生",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "初誕生"
},
{
"roman": "hatsutoshi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"年",
"とし"
]
],
"word": "初年"
},
{
"roman": "hatsutsuki",
"word": "初月"
},
{
"roman": "hatsuzuki",
"word": "初月"
},
{
"roman": "hatsunatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"roman": "hatsune",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"音",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "初音"
},
{
"roman": "hatsuhana",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"花",
"はな"
]
],
"word": "初花"
},
{
"roman": "hatsumakura",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"枕",
"まくら"
]
],
"word": "初枕"
},
{
"roman": "hatsumimi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"耳",
"みみ"
]
],
"word": "初耳"
},
{
"roman": "hatsu-miyamairi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"宮",
"みや"
],
[
"参",
"まい"
]
],
"word": "初宮参り"
},
{
"roman": "hatsumono",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"物",
"もの"
]
],
"word": "初物"
},
{
"roman": "hatsu-momiji",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"紅葉",
"もみじ"
]
],
"word": "初紅葉"
},
{
"roman": "hatsuyuki",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"雪",
"ゆき"
]
],
"word": "初雪"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the first..., initial..., new..."
],
"id": "en-初-ja-prefix-OaSllEH4",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Adjective"
],
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"new",
"new"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "はつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ha̠t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ohatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"御",
"お"
],
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"word": "御初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "泊瀬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "Hatsuse",
"word": "初瀬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hatsune",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"値",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "初値"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hatsu nenohi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"子",
"ね"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "初子の日"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "hatsu"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨patu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨patu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "始め",
"3": "",
"4": "beginning",
"tr": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "始め (hajime, “beginning”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "端",
"3": "",
"4": "edge of something",
"tr": "ha"
},
"expansion": "端 (ha, “edge of something”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n⟨patu⟩ → /ɸat͡su/ → /hat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nPossible cognates include 始め (hajime, “beginning”) and 端 (ha, “edge of something”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hatsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "初(はつ) • (hatsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "末"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the first concert of this year",
"roman": "kotoshi hatsu no konsāto",
"ruby": [
[
"今年",
"ことし"
],
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"text": "今年初のコンサート"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a first, start, a beginning"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-noun-9UaUOy-M",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Noun"
],
[
"start",
"start#Noun"
],
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 14 6 7 0 34 4 28 0 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 25 7 9 0 4 46 1 6 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 81 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first sexual relations, one's first time"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-noun-j52hDDlx",
"links": [
[
"sexual relation",
"sexual relation"
],
[
"first time",
"first time"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) first sexual relations, one's first time"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "はつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ha̠t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ui"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "初",
"tr": "ubu"
},
"expansion": "初 (ubu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "",
"4": "to birth",
"tr": "umu"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "日",
"lit": "birthday",
"t1": "to birth",
"t2": "day",
"tr1": "umu",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "birthday"
},
"expansion": "birthday",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "上",
"3": "",
"4": "above",
"pos": "possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\"",
"tr": "ue"
},
"expansion": "上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\")",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生ふ",
"pos": "ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”"
},
"expansion": "生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n/uɸi/ → /uwi/ → /ui/\nFirst attested in the Kokin Wakashū of roughly 905-914 CE, and assumed to be inherited from Old Japanese.\nThere is an apparently related term 初 (ubu) of overlapping synonymous meaning, first attested in the early 1000s. It is unclear how these two terms are related: one might be a derivation of the other, or the two might derive separately via other processes.\nBoth ui and ubu appear to be related to verb 生む (umu, “to birth”), from the sense of \"first of something since one has been born\".\nMartin suggests that this might be a fusion of 生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”. However, the meaning of any such compound would be the noun birthday with a sense of \"the day a woman gives birth\" rather than \"the day someone is born\". Also, phonologically, this would be expected to result in ubi: /umu/ + /pi/ → /umupi/ → /umpi/ → /ubi/.\nPossibly cognate with 上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\") or classical verb 生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ui",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ufi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うひ",
"roman": "ufi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うい",
"hhira": "うひ"
},
"expansion": "初(うい) • (ui) ^(←うひ (ufi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "uiuishii",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"々",
"うい"
]
],
"word": "初々しい"
},
{
"roman": "ui no ko",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"子",
"こ"
]
],
"word": "初の子"
},
{
"english": "crowning a boy for the first time at a coming-of-age ceremony",
"roman": "uikōburi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"冠",
"こうぶり"
]
],
"word": "初冠"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a first, start"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-noun-Qkx4wrJZ",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Noun"
],
[
"start",
"start#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kokin Wakashū"
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ui"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "初",
"tr": "ubu"
},
"expansion": "初 (ubu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "",
"4": "to birth",
"tr": "umu"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "日",
"lit": "birthday",
"t1": "to birth",
"t2": "day",
"tr1": "umu",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "birthday"
},
"expansion": "birthday",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "上",
"3": "",
"4": "above",
"pos": "possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\"",
"tr": "ue"
},
"expansion": "上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\")",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生ふ",
"pos": "ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”"
},
"expansion": "生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n/uɸi/ → /uwi/ → /ui/\nFirst attested in the Kokin Wakashū of roughly 905-914 CE, and assumed to be inherited from Old Japanese.\nThere is an apparently related term 初 (ubu) of overlapping synonymous meaning, first attested in the early 1000s. It is unclear how these two terms are related: one might be a derivation of the other, or the two might derive separately via other processes.\nBoth ui and ubu appear to be related to verb 生む (umu, “to birth”), from the sense of \"first of something since one has been born\".\nMartin suggests that this might be a fusion of 生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”. However, the meaning of any such compound would be the noun birthday with a sense of \"the day a woman gives birth\" rather than \"the day someone is born\". Also, phonologically, this would be expected to result in ubi: /umu/ + /pi/ → /umupi/ → /umpi/ → /ubi/.\nPossibly cognate with 上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\") or classical verb 生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ui-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ufi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うひ",
"roman": "ufi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "うい",
"hhira": "うひ"
},
"expansion": "初(うい) • (ui-) ^(←うひ (ufi)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "uigenzan",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"見",
"げん"
],
[
"参",
"ざん"
]
],
"word": "初見参"
},
{
"roman": "uigo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"子",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "初子"
},
{
"roman": "uikōburi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"冠",
"こうぶり"
]
],
"word": "初冠"
},
{
"roman": "uigokoro",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"心",
"ごころ"
]
],
"word": "初心"
},
{
"roman": "uigoto",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"事",
"ごと"
]
],
"word": "初事"
},
{
"roman": "uigoto",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"琴",
"ごと"
]
],
"word": "初琴"
},
{
"roman": "uigoto",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"言",
"ごと"
]
],
"word": "初言"
},
{
"roman": "uijin",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"陣",
"じん"
]
],
"word": "初陣"
},
{
"roman": "uidachi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"立",
"だ"
]
],
"word": "初立ち"
},
{
"roman": "uidatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"立",
"だ"
]
],
"word": "初立つ"
},
{
"roman": "uitabi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"他",
"た"
],
[
"火",
"び"
]
],
"word": "初他火"
},
{
"roman": "uibana",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"花",
"ばな"
]
],
"word": "初花"
},
{
"roman": "uibōkō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"奉",
"ぼう"
],
[
"公",
"こう"
]
],
"word": "初奉公"
},
{
"roman": "uimakura",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"枕",
"まくら"
]
],
"word": "初枕"
},
{
"roman": "uimanabi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"word": "初学び"
},
{
"roman": "uime",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"妻",
"め"
]
],
"word": "初妻"
},
{
"roman": "uimo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"裳",
"も"
]
],
"word": "初裳"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the first of something"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-prefix-YPZUk1zH",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kokin Wakashū"
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ubui",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"word": "初い"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ubugatana",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
],
[
"刀",
"がたな"
]
],
"word": "初刀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ubugoe",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
],
[
"声",
"ごえ"
]
],
"word": "初声"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ubu"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom stem up- cognate with ui (historical uhi) above. Cause of the shift in voicing is uncertain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "初な",
"roman": "ubu na",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "初に",
"roman": "ubu ni",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "初だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "初で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "初だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "初な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "初なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "初であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "初なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "初だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "初に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "初さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ubusa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うぶ",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "初(うぶ) • (ubu) -na (adnominal 初(うぶ)な (ubu na), adverbial 初(うぶ)に (ubu ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "うぶ",
"lemma": "初",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"innocent"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-adj-TJVTgCL4",
"links": [
[
"innocent",
"innocent"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 14 6 7 0 34 4 28 0 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inexperienced, green"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-adj-pa-dUWsT",
"links": [
[
"inexperienced",
"inexperienced"
],
[
"green",
"green"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うぶ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝbɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "saisho",
"ruby": [
[
"最",
"さい"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "最初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shoka",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shogaku",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "初学"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shoki",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"期",
"き"
]
],
"word": "初期"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shokyū",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"級",
"きゅう"
]
],
"word": "初級"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shogetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"月",
"げつ"
]
],
"word": "初月"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shoken",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"見",
"けん"
]
],
"word": "初見"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shokon",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"婚",
"こん"
]
],
"word": "初婚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shoshun",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"春",
"しゅん"
]
],
"word": "初春"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shoshū",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"秋",
"しゅう"
]
],
"word": "初秋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shoshin",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"心",
"しん"
]
],
"word": "初心"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shosokudo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"速",
"そく"
],
[
"度",
"ど"
]
],
"word": "初速度"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shodai",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
]
],
"word": "初代"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shotaimen",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"対",
"たい"
],
[
"面",
"めん"
]
],
"word": "初対面"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shotō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"冬",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "初冬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shotō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"頭",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "初頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shonanuka",
"word": "初七日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shonanoka",
"word": "初七日"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shonyū",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"乳",
"にゅう"
]
],
"word": "初乳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shonin",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"任",
"にん"
]
],
"word": "初任"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shoho",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"歩",
"ほ"
]
],
"word": "初歩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "taisho",
"ruby": [
[
"太",
"たい"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "太初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tōsho",
"ruby": [
[
"当",
"とう"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "当初"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "nensho",
"ruby": [
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "年初"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "sho"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "しよ"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "初"
},
"expansion": "初 (MC tsrhjo)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Min Nan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "初",
"tr": "chho͘"
},
"expansion": "初 (chho͘)",
"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle Chinese 初 (MC tsrhjo).\nCompare Min Nan 初 (chho͘).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sho",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しょ"
},
"expansion": "初(しょ) • (sho)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beginning, start"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-affix-6aPwyslj",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"first, initial"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-affix-~oY2pMwP",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"initial",
"initial"
]
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "始め",
"3": "",
"4": "beginning, first",
"tr": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "始め (hajime, “beginning, first”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nNominalization of 始め (hajime, “beginning, first”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はじめ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Hajime",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "はじめ"
},
"expansion": "初(はじめ) • (Hajime)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese given names",
"parents": [
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Japanese male given names",
"parents": [
"Male given names",
"Given names",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 19 5 2 0 40 3 28 0 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 15 4 6 0 37 3 29 0 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 14 6 7 0 34 4 28 0 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 15 4 6 0 38 3 29 0 4 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a male given name"
],
"id": "en-初-ja-name-h8YdwBAs",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 4 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading そ",
"Japanese kanji with historical kun reading うひ",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しょ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading うい",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading うぶ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading そ-める",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading はじ-め",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading はじ-めて",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading はつ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading し",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading もと",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "saisho",
"ruby": [
[
"最",
"さい"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "最初"
},
{
"english": "Hase",
"ruby": [
[
"初瀬",
"はせ"
]
],
"word": "初瀬"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"grade-4-kanji",
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hatsu-karigane",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"雁",
"かり"
],
[
"音",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "初雁が音"
},
{
"roman": "hatsukansetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初冠雪",
"はつかんせつ"
]
],
"word": "初冠雪"
},
{
"roman": "hatsugo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"子",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "初子"
},
{
"roman": "hatsukoi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"恋",
"こい"
]
],
"word": "初恋"
},
{
"roman": "hatsukoe",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"声",
"こえ"
]
],
"word": "初声"
},
{
"roman": "hatsushimo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"霜",
"しも"
]
],
"word": "初霜"
},
{
"roman": "hatsutanjō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"誕",
"たん"
],
[
"生",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "初誕生"
},
{
"roman": "hatsutoshi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"年",
"とし"
]
],
"word": "初年"
},
{
"roman": "hatsutsuki",
"word": "初月"
},
{
"roman": "hatsuzuki",
"word": "初月"
},
{
"roman": "hatsunatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"夏",
"なつ"
]
],
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"roman": "hatsune",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"音",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "初音"
},
{
"roman": "hatsuhana",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"花",
"はな"
]
],
"word": "初花"
},
{
"roman": "hatsumakura",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"枕",
"まくら"
]
],
"word": "初枕"
},
{
"roman": "hatsumimi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"耳",
"みみ"
]
],
"word": "初耳"
},
{
"roman": "hatsu-miyamairi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"宮",
"みや"
],
[
"参",
"まい"
]
],
"word": "初宮参り"
},
{
"roman": "hatsumono",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"物",
"もの"
]
],
"word": "初物"
},
{
"roman": "hatsu-momiji",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"紅葉",
"もみじ"
]
],
"word": "初紅葉"
},
{
"roman": "hatsuyuki",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"雪",
"ゆき"
]
],
"word": "初雪"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "hatsu"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨patu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨patu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "始め",
"3": "",
"4": "beginning",
"tr": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "始め (hajime, “beginning”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "端",
"3": "",
"4": "edge of something",
"tr": "ha"
},
"expansion": "端 (ha, “edge of something”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n⟨patu⟩ → /ɸat͡su/ → /hat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nPossible cognates include 始め (hajime, “beginning”) and 端 (ha, “edge of something”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hatsu-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "初(はつ) • (hatsu-)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the first..., initial..., new..."
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Adjective"
],
[
"initial",
"initial"
],
[
"new",
"new"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "はつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ha̠t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ohatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"御",
"お"
],
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"word": "御初"
},
{
"word": "泊瀬"
},
{
"roman": "Hatsuse",
"word": "初瀬"
},
{
"roman": "hatsune",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"値",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "初値"
},
{
"roman": "hatsu nenohi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
],
[
"子",
"ね"
],
[
"日",
"ひ"
]
],
"word": "初子の日"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "hatsu"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨patu⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨patu⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "始め",
"3": "",
"4": "beginning",
"tr": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "始め (hajime, “beginning”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "端",
"3": "",
"4": "edge of something",
"tr": "ha"
},
"expansion": "端 (ha, “edge of something”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n⟨patu⟩ → /ɸat͡su/ → /hat͡su/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nPossible cognates include 始め (hajime, “beginning”) and 端 (ha, “edge of something”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hatsu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "はつ"
},
"expansion": "初(はつ) • (hatsu)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "末"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the first concert of this year",
"roman": "kotoshi hatsu no konsāto",
"ruby": [
[
"今年",
"ことし"
],
[
"初",
"はつ"
]
],
"text": "今年初のコンサート"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a first, start, a beginning"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Noun"
],
[
"start",
"start#Noun"
],
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese slang",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"first sexual relations, one's first time"
],
"links": [
[
"sexual relation",
"sexual relation"
],
[
"first time",
"first time"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) first sexual relations, one's first time"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "はつ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ha̠t͡sɨᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "uiuishii",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"々",
"うい"
]
],
"word": "初々しい"
},
{
"roman": "ui no ko",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"子",
"こ"
]
],
"word": "初の子"
},
{
"english": "crowning a boy for the first time at a coming-of-age ceremony",
"roman": "uikōburi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"冠",
"こうぶり"
]
],
"word": "初冠"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ui"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "初",
"tr": "ubu"
},
"expansion": "初 (ubu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "",
"4": "to birth",
"tr": "umu"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "日",
"lit": "birthday",
"t1": "to birth",
"t2": "day",
"tr1": "umu",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "birthday"
},
"expansion": "birthday",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "上",
"3": "",
"4": "above",
"pos": "possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\"",
"tr": "ue"
},
"expansion": "上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\")",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生ふ",
"pos": "ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”"
},
"expansion": "生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n/uɸi/ → /uwi/ → /ui/\nFirst attested in the Kokin Wakashū of roughly 905-914 CE, and assumed to be inherited from Old Japanese.\nThere is an apparently related term 初 (ubu) of overlapping synonymous meaning, first attested in the early 1000s. It is unclear how these two terms are related: one might be a derivation of the other, or the two might derive separately via other processes.\nBoth ui and ubu appear to be related to verb 生む (umu, “to birth”), from the sense of \"first of something since one has been born\".\nMartin suggests that this might be a fusion of 生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”. However, the meaning of any such compound would be the noun birthday with a sense of \"the day a woman gives birth\" rather than \"the day someone is born\". Also, phonologically, this would be expected to result in ubi: /umu/ + /pi/ → /umupi/ → /umpi/ → /ubi/.\nPossibly cognate with 上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\") or classical verb 生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ui",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ufi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うひ",
"roman": "ufi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うい",
"hhira": "うひ"
},
"expansion": "初(うい) • (ui) ^(←うひ (ufi)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a first, start"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Noun"
],
[
"start",
"start#Noun"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kokin Wakashū"
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "uigenzan",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"見",
"げん"
],
[
"参",
"ざん"
]
],
"word": "初見参"
},
{
"roman": "uigo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"子",
"ご"
]
],
"word": "初子"
},
{
"roman": "uikōburi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"冠",
"こうぶり"
]
],
"word": "初冠"
},
{
"roman": "uigokoro",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"心",
"ごころ"
]
],
"word": "初心"
},
{
"roman": "uigoto",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"事",
"ごと"
]
],
"word": "初事"
},
{
"roman": "uigoto",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"琴",
"ごと"
]
],
"word": "初琴"
},
{
"roman": "uigoto",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"言",
"ごと"
]
],
"word": "初言"
},
{
"roman": "uijin",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"陣",
"じん"
]
],
"word": "初陣"
},
{
"roman": "uidachi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"立",
"だ"
]
],
"word": "初立ち"
},
{
"roman": "uidatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"立",
"だ"
]
],
"word": "初立つ"
},
{
"roman": "uitabi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"他",
"た"
],
[
"火",
"び"
]
],
"word": "初他火"
},
{
"roman": "uibana",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"花",
"ばな"
]
],
"word": "初花"
},
{
"roman": "uibōkō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"奉",
"ぼう"
],
[
"公",
"こう"
]
],
"word": "初奉公"
},
{
"roman": "uimakura",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"枕",
"まくら"
]
],
"word": "初枕"
},
{
"roman": "uimanabi",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"学",
"まな"
]
],
"word": "初学び"
},
{
"roman": "uime",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"妻",
"め"
]
],
"word": "初妻"
},
{
"roman": "uimo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
],
[
"裳",
"も"
]
],
"word": "初裳"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ui"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "うい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "初",
"tr": "ubu"
},
"expansion": "初 (ubu)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "",
"4": "to birth",
"tr": "umu"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生む",
"3": "日",
"lit": "birthday",
"t1": "to birth",
"t2": "day",
"tr1": "umu",
"tr2": "hi"
},
"expansion": "生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "birthday"
},
"expansion": "birthday",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "上",
"3": "",
"4": "above",
"pos": "possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\"",
"tr": "ue"
},
"expansion": "上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\")",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "生ふ",
"pos": "ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”"
},
"expansion": "生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\n/uɸi/ → /uwi/ → /ui/\nFirst attested in the Kokin Wakashū of roughly 905-914 CE, and assumed to be inherited from Old Japanese.\nThere is an apparently related term 初 (ubu) of overlapping synonymous meaning, first attested in the early 1000s. It is unclear how these two terms are related: one might be a derivation of the other, or the two might derive separately via other processes.\nBoth ui and ubu appear to be related to verb 生む (umu, “to birth”), from the sense of \"first of something since one has been born\".\nMartin suggests that this might be a fusion of 生む (umu, “to birth”) + 日 (hi, “day”), literally “birthday”. However, the meaning of any such compound would be the noun birthday with a sense of \"the day a woman gives birth\" rather than \"the day someone is born\". Also, phonologically, this would be expected to result in ubi: /umu/ + /pi/ → /umupi/ → /umpi/ → /ubi/.\nPossibly cognate with 上 (ue, “above”, possibly via the sense of \"upstream → earlier\") or classical verb 生ふ (ancient opu, classical ofu, modern ou, “to grow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ui-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ufi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "うひ",
"roman": "ufi",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "うい",
"hhira": "うひ"
},
"expansion": "初(うい) • (ui-) ^(←うひ (ufi)?)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the first of something"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うい"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kokin Wakashū"
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese な-na adjectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ubui",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"word": "初い"
},
{
"roman": "ubugatana",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
],
[
"刀",
"がたな"
]
],
"word": "初刀"
},
{
"roman": "ubugoe",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
],
[
"声",
"ごえ"
]
],
"word": "初声"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ubu"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom stem up- cognate with ui (historical uhi) above. Cause of the shift in voicing is uncertain.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "初な",
"roman": "ubu na",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "初に",
"roman": "ubu ni",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"うぶ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "初だろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu daro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "初で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "初だ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu da",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "初な",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶな",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu na",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "初なら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶなら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu nara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "初であれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶであれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de are",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初だった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu datta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初です",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃありません",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja arimasen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "初でした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初ではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初じゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶではありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶじゃありませんでした",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de wa arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ja arimasen deshita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初で",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶで",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu de",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "初なら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶなら（ば）",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu nara (ba)",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "初だったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu dattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "初だろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶだろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu darō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "初に",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶに",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ubu ni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "初さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "うぶさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ubusa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "うぶ",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "初(うぶ) • (ubu) -na (adnominal 初(うぶ)な (ubu na), adverbial 初(うぶ)に (ubu ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": ". に",
"attributive": ". な",
"conditional": ". なら（ば）",
"conjunctive": ". で",
"continuative": ". で",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": ". です",
"formal_negative": ". で は ありません",
"formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません",
"formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした",
"formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした",
"formal_past": ". でした",
"hypothetical": ". なら",
"imperative": ". で あれ",
"imperfective": ". だろ",
"informal_negative": ". で は ない",
"informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない",
"informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった",
"informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった",
"informal_past": ". だった",
"kana": "うぶ",
"lemma": "初",
"provisional": ". だったら",
"terminal": ". だ",
"volitional": ". だろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"innocent"
],
"links": [
[
"innocent",
"innocent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inexperienced, green"
],
"links": [
[
"inexperienced",
"inexperienced"
],
[
"green",
"green"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "うぶ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɯ̟ᵝbɯ̟ᵝ]"
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "shoka",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"夏",
"か"
]
],
"word": "初夏"
},
{
"roman": "shogaku",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "初学"
},
{
"roman": "shoki",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"期",
"き"
]
],
"word": "初期"
},
{
"roman": "shokyū",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"級",
"きゅう"
]
],
"word": "初級"
},
{
"roman": "shogetsu",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"月",
"げつ"
]
],
"word": "初月"
},
{
"roman": "shoken",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"見",
"けん"
]
],
"word": "初見"
},
{
"roman": "shokon",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"婚",
"こん"
]
],
"word": "初婚"
},
{
"roman": "shoshun",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"春",
"しゅん"
]
],
"word": "初春"
},
{
"roman": "shoshū",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"秋",
"しゅう"
]
],
"word": "初秋"
},
{
"roman": "shoshin",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"心",
"しん"
]
],
"word": "初心"
},
{
"roman": "shosokudo",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"速",
"そく"
],
[
"度",
"ど"
]
],
"word": "初速度"
},
{
"roman": "shodai",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"代",
"だい"
]
],
"word": "初代"
},
{
"roman": "shotaimen",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"対",
"たい"
],
[
"面",
"めん"
]
],
"word": "初対面"
},
{
"roman": "shotō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"冬",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "初冬"
},
{
"roman": "shotō",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"頭",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "初頭"
},
{
"roman": "shonanuka",
"word": "初七日"
},
{
"roman": "shonanoka",
"word": "初七日"
},
{
"roman": "shonyū",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"乳",
"にゅう"
]
],
"word": "初乳"
},
{
"roman": "shonin",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"任",
"にん"
]
],
"word": "初任"
},
{
"roman": "shoho",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
],
[
"歩",
"ほ"
]
],
"word": "初歩"
},
{
"roman": "saisho",
"ruby": [
[
"最",
"さい"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "最初"
},
{
"roman": "taisho",
"ruby": [
[
"太",
"たい"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "太初"
},
{
"roman": "tōsho",
"ruby": [
[
"当",
"とう"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "当初"
},
{
"roman": "nensho",
"ruby": [
[
"年",
"ねん"
],
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"word": "年初"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "sho"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "しよ"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "初"
},
"expansion": "初 (MC tsrhjo)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Min Nan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "初",
"tr": "chho͘"
},
"expansion": "初 (chho͘)",
"name": "zh-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nFrom Middle Chinese 初 (MC tsrhjo).\nCompare Min Nan 初 (chho͘).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"しょ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "sho",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しょ"
},
"expansion": "初(しょ) • (sho)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"beginning, start"
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning"
],
[
"start",
"start"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"first, initial"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"initial",
"initial"
]
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"初め"
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 初",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "table",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "始め",
"3": "",
"4": "beginning, first",
"tr": "hajime"
},
"expansion": "始め (hajime, “beginning, first”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "table\nNominalization of 始め (hajime, “beginning, first”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "初",
"ruby": [
[
"初",
"はじめ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Hajime",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "はじめ"
},
"expansion": "初(はじめ) • (Hajime)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese given names",
"Japanese male given names",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a male given name"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name"
]
]
}
],
"word": "初"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"初"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "初",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"初"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "初",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"初"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "初",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"初"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "初",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"初"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "初",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"初"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "初",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"初"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "初",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"初"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "affix",
"title": "初",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"初"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "初",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "初/Japanese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"categories\": [\"Japanese entries with incorrect language header\", \"Japanese lemmas\", \"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks\", \"Japanese proper nouns\", \"Japanese single-kanji terms\", \"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji\", \"Japanese terms spelled with 初\", \"Japanese terms with multiple readings\", \"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys\", \"Japanese terms written with one Han script character\"], \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"初め\"], \"word\": \"初\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "soft-redirect",
"title": "初",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.