See R in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for R meaning in Translingual (16.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ett",
"2": "𐌓",
"3": "",
"4": "er"
},
"expansion": "𐌓 (r, “er”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Ρ",
"3": "",
"4": "rho"
},
"expansion": "Ρ (R, “rho”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "phn",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Phoenician",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "phn",
"2": "𐤓",
"3": "",
"4": "reš"
},
"expansion": "𐤓 (r, “reš”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "egy",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Egyptian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "𓁶"
},
"expansion": "𓁶",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "r",
"tags": [
"lowercase"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"lower": "r",
"script": "Latn",
"upper": "R"
},
"expansion": "R (lower case r)",
"name": "mul-letter"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 2 16 7 8 12 9 10 7 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:Letter",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The eighteenth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet."
],
"id": "en-R-mul-character-PrNRHHe3",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "A"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "a"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "B"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "b"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "C"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "c"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "D"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "d"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "E"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "e"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "F"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "f"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "G"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "g"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "H"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "h"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "i"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "J"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "j"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "K"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "k"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "L"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "l"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "M"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "m"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "N"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "n"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "O"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "o"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "P"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "p"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "Q"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "q"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "R"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "r"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "S"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "ſ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "s"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "T"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "t"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "U"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "V"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "v"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "W"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "w"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "X"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "x"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "Y"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "y"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "Z"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin",
"character"
],
"word": "z"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ŕ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ŕ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ř"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ř"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ṙ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ṙ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ŗ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ŗ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ȑ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ȑ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ȓ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ȓ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ṛ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ṛ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ṝ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ṝ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ṟ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ṟ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ɍ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɍ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ɽ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɽ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ᵲ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ᶉ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɼ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ɾ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ᵳ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ʀ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ʀ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "Ｒ"
},
{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
"tags": [
"letter"
],
"word": "ｒ"
}
],
"tags": [
"letter"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"rare"
],
"word": "Ꝛ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"R (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "R"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ett",
"2": "𐌓",
"3": "",
"4": "er"
},
"expansion": "𐌓 (r, “er”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Ρ",
"3": "",
"4": "rho"
},
"expansion": "Ρ (R, “rho”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "phn",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Phoenician",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "phn",
"2": "𐤓",
"3": "",
"4": "reš"
},
"expansion": "𐤓 (r, “reš”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "egy",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Egyptian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "egy",
"2": "𓁶"
},
"expansion": "𓁶",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the Etruscan letter 𐌓 (r, “er”), from the Ancient Greek letter Ρ (R, “rho”), derived from the Phoenician letter 𐤓 (r, “reš”), from the Egyptian hieroglyph 𓁶.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "symbol"
},
"expansion": "R",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "symbol",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "NATO phonetic",
"word": "Romeo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Morse code",
"word": "·–·"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "Braille",
"word": "⠗"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ronna-"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Abbreviation of ronna-."
],
"id": "en-R-mul-symbol-uT79znHU",
"links": [
[
"ronna-",
"ronna-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 2 16 7 8 12 9 10 7 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:Letter",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rand, national currency of South Africa."
],
"id": "en-R-mul-symbol-NKfF1Bac",
"links": [
[
"Rand",
"rand"
]
],
"qualifier": "currency symbol",
"raw_glosses": [
"(currency symbol) Rand, national currency of South Africa."
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Metrology",
"orig": "mul:Metrology",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 5 13 6 15 11 10 7 5 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 12 5 12 16 13 6 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"roentgen"
],
"id": "en-R-mul-symbol-LcGTn3aL",
"links": [
[
"metrology",
"metrology"
],
[
"roentgen",
"roentgen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(metrology) roentgen"
],
"topics": [
"metrology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "mul:Physics",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"resistance (in electricity)"
],
"id": "en-R-mul-symbol-n7tnyJmp",
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"resistance",
"resistance"
],
[
"electricity",
"electricity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) resistance (in electricity)"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Organic chemistry",
"orig": "mul:Organic chemistry",
"parents": [
"Chemistry",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 2 16 7 8 12 9 10 7 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:Letter",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 5 13 6 15 11 10 7 5 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 12 5 12 16 13 6 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alcohols have the generic formula ROH."
}
],
"glosses": [
"An unspecified radical, usually containing a carbon atom that binds to the structure of interest."
],
"id": "en-R-mul-symbol-rYohnxoB",
"links": [
[
"organic chemistry",
"organic chemistry"
],
[
"radical",
"radical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(organic chemistry) An unspecified radical, usually containing a carbon atom that binds to the structure of interest."
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"organic-chemistry",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "any purine"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Genetics",
"orig": "mul:Genetics",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 5 13 6 15 11 10 7 5 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 12 5 12 16 13 6 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for any purine."
],
"id": "en-R-mul-symbol-j9DWITs2",
"links": [
[
"genetics",
"genetics"
],
[
"IUPAC",
"IUPAC"
],
[
"purine",
"purine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(genetics) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for any purine."
],
"tags": [
"IUPAC",
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"genetics",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "arginine"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Amino acids",
"orig": "mul:Amino acids",
"parents": [
"Carboxylic acids",
"Acids",
"Organic compounds",
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 5 13 6 15 11 10 7 5 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 4 12 5 12 16 13 6 8 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for arginine."
],
"id": "en-R-mul-symbol-oE0fjonb",
"links": [
[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
"IUPAC",
"IUPAC"
],
[
"arginine",
"arginine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for arginine."
],
"tags": [
"IUPAC",
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "mul:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "synonyms: S for a sonorant"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wildcard for a rhotic consonant or a resonant (sonorant)"
],
"id": "en-R-mul-symbol-ozH6JY8N",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"wildcard",
"wildcard"
],
[
"rhotic",
"rhotic"
],
[
"resonant",
"resonant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A wildcard for a rhotic consonant or a resonant (sonorant)"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "mul:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "synonyms: more commonly LH, or more specifically LM or MH"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rising tone"
],
"id": "en-R-mul-symbol-AJv4x7G4",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"tone",
"tone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) rising tone"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Bond market",
"orig": "mul:Bond market",
"parents": [
"Finance",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
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{
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{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
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{
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{
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{
"sense": "Variations of letter R",
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"word": "ṛ"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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[
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{
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[
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[
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[
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"(genetics) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for any purine."
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"topics": [
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{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "arginine"
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],
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"mul:Amino acids"
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"glosses": [
"IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for arginine."
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"links": [
[
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"biochemistry"
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[
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"IUPAC"
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[
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"arginine"
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],
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"(biochemistry) IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation for arginine."
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{
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"text": "synonyms: S for a sonorant"
}
],
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[
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[
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[
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],
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"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"mul:Linguistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "synonyms: more commonly LH, or more specifically LM or MH"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rising tone"
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"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"tone",
"tone"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) rising tone"
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"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"mul:Bond market",
"mul:Finance"
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"finance",
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[
"Long-term",
"long-term#English"
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[
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[
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[
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[
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[
"default",
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[
"debt",
"debt#English"
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[
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"recovery#English"
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],
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"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
}
],
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{
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],
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}
],
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],
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}
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"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Translingual",
"subsection": "symbol",
"title": "R",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"R",
"Letter",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Translingual",
"subsection": "symbol",
"title": "R",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"R",
"Letter",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Translingual",
"subsection": "symbol",
"title": "R",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Translingual dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.