"काल" meaning in Sanskrit

See काल in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /kɑː.lɐ́/ [Vedic], /kɑː.l̪ɐ/ [Classical-Sanskrit]
Etymology: Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kār; compare Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), கரு (karu), Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”), ಕಪ್ಪು (kappu). Etymology templates: {{etymon|sa|der|dra-pro>*kār>black|id=black}}, {{bor+|sa|dra}} Borrowed from Dravidian, {{der|sa|dra-pro|*kār}} Proto-Dravidian *kār, {{cog|ta|கார்||black}} Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), {{cog|kn|ಕಾಡು||blackness, black}} Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”) Head templates: {{sa-adj}} काल • (kāla) stem Inflection templates: {{sa-decl-adj-mfn|kāla|kālī|kāla}}, {{sa-decl-noun-m|kāla|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|adj=1|ambig_final=|at_nom_s=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|n=|nocat=|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=|participle=|pronominal=|r_stem_a=ā|root=|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}}, {{sa-decl-noun-f|kālī|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|ambig_final=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|n=|nocat=1|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=|pronominal=|r_stem_a=ā|root=|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}}, {{sa-decl-noun-n|kāla|abl_d=|abl_p=|abl_s=|acc_d=|acc_p=|acc_s=|adj=1|ambig_final=|at_nom_s=|dat_d=|dat_p=|dat_s=|diaspirate=|gen_d=|gen_p=|gen_s=|ins_d=|ins_p=|ins_s=|loc_d=|loc_p=|loc_s=|n=|nom_d=|nom_p=|nom_s=|note=|novedic=|participle=|pronominal=|root=|sc=Deva|voc_d=|voc_p=|voc_s=}} Forms: kāla [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], कालः [nominative, singular], कालौ [dual, nominative], काला1 [dual, nominative], कालाः [nominative, plural], कालासः1 [nominative, plural], कालम् [accusative, singular], कालौ [accusative, dual], काला1 [accusative, dual], कालान् [accusative, plural], कालेन [instrumental, singular], कालाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], कालैः [instrumental, plural], कालेभिः1 [instrumental, plural], कालाय [dative, singular], कालाभ्याम् [dative, dual], कालेभ्यः [dative, plural], कालात् [ablative, singular], कालाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], कालेभ्यः [ablative, plural], कालस्य [genitive, singular], कालयोः [dual, genitive], कालानाम् [genitive, plural], काले [locative, singular], कालयोः [dual, locative], कालेषु [locative, plural], काल [singular, vocative], कालौ [dual, vocative], काला1 [dual, vocative], कालाः [plural, vocative], कालासः1 [plural, vocative], no-table-tags [table-tags], काली [nominative, singular], काल्यौ [dual, nominative], काली1 [dual, nominative], काल्यः [nominative, plural], कालीः1 [nominative, plural], कालीम् [accusative, singular], काल्यौ [accusative, dual], काली1 [accusative, dual], कालीः [accusative, plural], काल्या [instrumental, singular], कालीभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], कालीभिः [instrumental, plural], काल्यै [dative, singular], कालीभ्याम् [dative, dual], कालीभ्यः [dative, plural], काल्याः [ablative, singular], काल्यै2 [ablative, singular], कालीभ्याम् [ablative, dual], कालीभ्यः [ablative, plural], काल्याः [genitive, singular], काल्यै2 [genitive, singular], काल्योः [dual, genitive], कालीनाम् [genitive, plural], काल्याम् [locative, singular], काल्योः [dual, locative], कालीषु [locative, plural], कालि [singular, vocative], काल्यौ [dual, vocative], काली1 [dual, vocative], काल्यः [plural, vocative], कालीः1 [plural, vocative], no-table-tags [table-tags], कालम् [nominative, singular], काले [dual, nominative], कालानि [nominative, plural], काला1 [nominative, plural], कालम् [accusative, singular], काले [accusative, dual], कालानि [accusative, plural], काला1 [accusative, plural], कालेन [instrumental, singular], कालाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], कालैः [instrumental, plural], कालेभिः1 [instrumental, plural], कालाय [dative, singular], कालाभ्याम् [dative, dual], कालेभ्यः [dative, plural], कालात् [ablative, singular], कालाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], कालेभ्यः [ablative, plural], कालस्य [genitive, singular], कालयोः [dual, genitive], कालानाम् [genitive, plural], काले [locative, singular], कालयोः [dual, locative], कालेषु [locative, plural], काल [singular, vocative], काले [dual, vocative], कालानि [plural, vocative], काला1 [plural, vocative]
  1. black, dark blue
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-adj-PwFU3efS Categories (other): Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script, Colors, Metals Disambiguation of Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script: 37 9 6 24 17 6 Disambiguation of Colors: 23 23 5 5 4 2 2 7 6 2 2 5 2 0 2 2 4 4 3 Disambiguation of Metals: 11 8 3 3 7 3 3 11 10 3 3 9 3 0 3 3 7 7 6
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1 Categories (other): Face Disambiguation of Face: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Noun

IPA: /kɑː.lɐ́/ [Vedic], /kɑː.l̪ɐ/ [Classical-Sanskrit]
Etymology: Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kār; compare Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), கரு (karu), Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”), ಕಪ್ಪು (kappu). Etymology templates: {{etymon|sa|der|dra-pro>*kār>black|id=black}}, {{bor+|sa|dra}} Borrowed from Dravidian, {{der|sa|dra-pro|*kār}} Proto-Dravidian *kār, {{cog|ta|கார்||black}} Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), {{cog|kn|ಕಾಡು||blackness, black}} Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”) Head templates: {{sa-noun|g=m}} काल • (kāla) stem, m Inflection templates: {{sa-decl-noun-m}} Forms: kāla [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], कालः [nominative, singular], कालौ [dual, nominative], काला1 [dual, nominative], कालाः [nominative, plural], कालासः1 [nominative, plural], कालम् [accusative, singular], कालौ [accusative, dual], काला1 [accusative, dual], कालान् [accusative, plural], कालेन [instrumental, singular], कालाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], कालैः [instrumental, plural], कालेभिः1 [instrumental, plural], कालाय [dative, singular], कालाभ्याम् [dative, dual], कालेभ्यः [dative, plural], कालात् [ablative, singular], कालाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], कालेभ्यः [ablative, plural], कालस्य [genitive, singular], कालयोः [dual, genitive], कालानाम् [genitive, plural], काले [locative, singular], कालयोः [dual, locative], कालेषु [locative, plural], काल [singular, vocative], कालौ [dual, vocative], काला1 [dual, vocative], कालाः [plural, vocative], कालासः1 [plural, vocative]
  1. black, dark blue colour
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-gB~sLpOF Categories (other): Colors Disambiguation of Colors: 23 23 5 5 4 2 2 7 6 2 2 5 2 0 2 2 4 4 3
  2. pupil (dark part of the eye)
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-z-hJHo2g
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1 Categories (other): Face Disambiguation of Face: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Related terms: श्वेत (śvetá), शुक्ल (śuklá), शुभ्र (śubhrá), धवल (dhavalá), गौर (gaurá), धूमल (dhūmala), धूसर (dhūsara), पलित (palitá), मलिन (malina), रजत (rajata), कपोतक (kapotaká), कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa), श्याम (śyāma), श्याव (śyāva), कज्जल (kajjala), रक्त (rakta), रुधिर (rudhira), सिन्दूर (sindūra), अरुष (aruṣa), ताम्र (tāmra), रोहित (rohita), लोहित (lohita), नारङ्ग (nāraṅga), कमल (kamala), कद्रु (kadru), बभ्रु (babhru), कपिश (kapiśa), पीत (pīta), कषाय (kaṣāya), पिङ्गल (piṅgala), पाण्डु (pāṇḍu), हिरण्य (hiraṇya), शादहरित (śā́daharita), हरित (harita), पलाश (palāśa), शाद्वल (śādvala), मारकत (mārakata), नील (nī́la), आकाशवर्ण (ākāśavarṇa), राजावर्त (rājāvarta), वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya), मेचक (mecaka), कालक (kālaka), धूम्र (dhūmra), तुत्थ (tuttha), शोण (śóṇa), नीललोहित (nīlalohita), पाटल (pāṭala), अरुण (aruṇa), ब्रध्न (bradhna)

Noun

IPA: /kɑː.lɐ́/ [Vedic], /kɑː.l̪ɐ/ [Classical-Sanskrit]
Etymology: Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kār; compare Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), கரு (karu), Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”), ಕಪ್ಪು (kappu). Etymology templates: {{etymon|sa|der|dra-pro>*kār>black|id=black}}, {{bor+|sa|dra}} Borrowed from Dravidian, {{der|sa|dra-pro|*kār}} Proto-Dravidian *kār, {{cog|ta|கார்||black}} Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), {{cog|kn|ಕಾಡು||blackness, black}} Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”) Head templates: {{sa-noun|g=n}} काल • (kāla) stem, n Inflection templates: {{sa-decl-noun-n}} Forms: kāla [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], कालम् [nominative, singular], काले [dual, nominative], कालानि [nominative, plural], काला1 [nominative, plural], कालम् [accusative, singular], काले [accusative, dual], कालानि [accusative, plural], काला1 [accusative, plural], कालेन [instrumental, singular], कालाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], कालैः [instrumental, plural], कालेभिः1 [instrumental, plural], कालाय [dative, singular], कालाभ्याम् [dative, dual], कालेभ्यः [dative, plural], कालात् [ablative, singular], कालाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], कालेभ्यः [ablative, plural], कालस्य [genitive, singular], कालयोः [dual, genitive], कालानाम् [genitive, plural], काले [locative, singular], कालयोः [dual, locative], कालेषु [locative, plural], काल [singular, vocative], काले [dual, vocative], कालानि [plural, vocative], काला1 [plural, vocative]
  1. a black kind of agarwood from Agallochum (now Aquilaria)
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-j4715aII Categories (other): Sanskrit entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs, Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs: 22 13 9 42 9 4 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations: 25 14 14 36 8 3
  2. a kind of perfume (कक्कोलक (kakkolaka))
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-r3H7nv-d
  3. iron
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-BOnA24fn
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1 Categories (other): Face Disambiguation of Face: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Noun

IPA: /kɑː.lɐ́/ [Vedic], /kɑː.l̪ɐ/ [Classical-Sanskrit]
Etymology: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps an l-form of कार (kāra, “action”), taking "decisive action" as the connotation. Alternatively, derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”); compare Proto-Slavic *vermę̀ (“period of time”) for a parallel semantic development from an earlier "turn" meaning (albeit from a different root). Hirt compares this to Gothic 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰 (ƕeila, “a while”), while Güntert compares this to Ancient Greek καιρός (kairós, “measure, time, season”), and takes the l-consonant in काल (kāla) as a preservation of a dialectal form in order to distinguish from कार (kāra). Probably not a vṛddhi derivative of the root कल् (kal, “to calculate or enumerate”). Etymology templates: {{uncertain|sa|nocap=1}} uncertain, {{inh|sa|ine-pro|*kʷel-||to move; to turn (around)}} Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”), {{noncog|sla-pro|*vermę̀|t=period of time}} Proto-Slavic *vermę̀ (“period of time”), {{cog|got|𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰|t=a while}} Gothic 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰 (ƕeila, “a while”), {{cog|grc|καιρός|t=measure, time, season}} Ancient Greek καιρός (kairós, “measure, time, season”), {{vrd|sa|nocap=1}} vṛddhi derivative Head templates: {{sa-noun|g=m|tr=kālá}} काल • (kālá) stem, m Inflection templates: {{sa-decl-noun-m|kālá}} Forms: kālá [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], कालः [nominative, singular], कालौ [dual, nominative], काला1 [dual, nominative], कालाः [nominative, plural], कालासः1 [nominative, plural], कालम् [accusative, singular], कालौ [accusative, dual], काला1 [accusative, dual], कालान् [accusative, plural], कालेन [instrumental, singular], कालाभ्याम् [dual, instrumental], कालैः [instrumental, plural], कालेभिः1 [instrumental, plural], कालाय [dative, singular], कालाभ्याम् [dative, dual], कालेभ्यः [dative, plural], कालात् [ablative, singular], कालाभ्याम् [ablative, dual], कालेभ्यः [ablative, plural], कालस्य [genitive, singular], कालयोः [dual, genitive], कालानाम् [genitive, plural], काले [locative, singular], कालयोः [dual, locative], कालेषु [locative, plural], काल [singular, vocative], कालौ [dual, vocative], काला1 [dual, vocative], कालाः [plural, vocative], कालासः1 [plural, vocative]
  1. a fixed or right point of time, a space of time, time (in general)
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-cRd6QBAt Categories (other): Time Disambiguation of Time: 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 17 5 0 0 16 17 0 4 1 14 13 0
  2. the proper time or season for (+genitive, dative, locative, in compound, infinitive, or subjunctive with यद् (yad)
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-KCkp6oPl Categories (other): Northwest Pashayi terms in nonstandard scripts, Pages with 5 entries, Pages with entries, Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters, Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Sanskrit vrddhi derivatives, Hindu deities, Metals, Time, Timekeeping, Units of measure, Woods Disambiguation of Northwest Pashayi terms in nonstandard scripts: 2 3 4 8 3 6 7 5 4 2 2 3 2 1 6 9 3 1 1 5 3 1 1 1 3 6 6 Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 1 1 3 2 1 15 17 12 1 1 0 5 1 0 0 14 1 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 1 6 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 1 3 1 1 12 13 10 1 0 0 6 0 0 0 19 1 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 8 3 Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header: 4 2 2 9 1 0 0 29 1 0 0 30 1 0 0 0 2 13 4 Disambiguation of Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters: 7 4 4 7 2 1 1 23 3 1 1 22 4 1 1 1 4 10 4 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 5 3 3 8 2 1 2 24 2 1 1 23 3 1 1 1 3 11 7 Disambiguation of Sanskrit vrddhi derivatives: 3 2 1 8 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 12 5 Disambiguation of Hindu deities: 2 2 2 9 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 13 4 Disambiguation of Metals: 11 8 3 3 7 3 3 11 10 3 3 9 3 0 3 3 7 7 6 Disambiguation of Time: 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 17 5 0 0 16 17 0 4 1 14 13 0 Disambiguation of Timekeeping: 7 5 2 2 5 2 6 14 8 2 2 15 8 0 2 2 9 9 3 Disambiguation of Units of measure: 2 2 1 9 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 3 0 1 1 1 12 4 Disambiguation of Woods: 9 7 2 5 6 2 2 14 8 2 2 14 2 0 2 2 6 8 6
  3. occasion, circumstance
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-SEG6TgqN Categories (other): Metals Disambiguation of Metals: 11 8 3 3 7 3 3 11 10 3 3 9 3 0 3 3 7 7 6
  4. season
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-j44k9lxX
  5. hour
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-msCt1HXd
  6. a period of time, time of the world (युग (yuga))
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-oD9vvDPs Categories (other): Pages with 5 entries, Pages with entries, Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters, Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Sanskrit vrddhi derivatives, Hindu deities, Metals, Time, Timekeeping, Units of measure, Woods Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 1 1 3 2 1 15 17 12 1 1 0 5 1 0 0 14 1 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 1 6 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 1 3 1 1 12 13 10 1 0 0 6 0 0 0 19 1 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 8 3 Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header: 4 2 2 9 1 0 0 29 1 0 0 30 1 0 0 0 2 13 4 Disambiguation of Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters: 7 4 4 7 2 1 1 23 3 1 1 22 4 1 1 1 4 10 4 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 5 3 3 8 2 1 2 24 2 1 1 23 3 1 1 1 3 11 7 Disambiguation of Sanskrit vrddhi derivatives: 3 2 1 8 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 12 5 Disambiguation of Hindu deities: 2 2 2 9 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 13 4 Disambiguation of Metals: 11 8 3 3 7 3 3 11 10 3 3 9 3 0 3 3 7 7 6 Disambiguation of Time: 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 17 5 0 0 16 17 0 4 1 14 13 0 Disambiguation of Timekeeping: 7 5 2 2 5 2 6 14 8 2 2 15 8 0 2 2 9 9 3 Disambiguation of Units of measure: 2 2 1 9 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 3 0 1 1 1 12 4 Disambiguation of Woods: 9 7 2 5 6 2 2 14 8 2 2 14 2 0 2 2 6 8 6
  7. measure of time, prosody
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-p0Z4jdw8 Categories (other): Time Disambiguation of Time: 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 17 5 0 0 16 17 0 4 1 14 13 0
  8. a section, part
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-ds27AAk9
  9. the end
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-kuuc0IHw
  10. death by age
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-w6FimxCf Categories (other): Death Disambiguation of Death: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 0 45 0
  11. time (as leading to events, the causes of which are imperceptible to the mind of man), destiny, fate
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-5TSGWexf Categories (other): Time Disambiguation of Time: 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 17 5 0 0 16 17 0 4 1 14 13 0
  12. time (as destroying all things), death, time of death (often personified and represented with the attributes of Yama, regent of the dead, or even identified with him
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-Jc3UeguT Categories (other): Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header, Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters, Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Sanskrit vrddhi derivatives, Death, Hindu deities, Time, Units of measure Disambiguation of Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header: 4 2 2 9 1 0 0 29 1 0 0 30 1 0 0 0 2 13 4 Disambiguation of Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters: 7 4 4 7 2 1 1 23 3 1 1 22 4 1 1 1 4 10 4 Disambiguation of Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 5 3 3 8 2 1 2 24 2 1 1 23 3 1 1 1 3 11 7 Disambiguation of Sanskrit vrddhi derivatives: 3 2 1 8 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 12 5 Disambiguation of Death: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 0 45 0 Disambiguation of Hindu deities: 2 2 2 9 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 13 4 Disambiguation of Time: 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 17 5 0 0 16 17 0 4 1 14 13 0 Disambiguation of Units of measure: 2 2 1 9 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 3 0 1 1 1 12 4
  13. Kāla, personified is also a देवर्षि (devarṣi) in Indra's court, and a son of Dhruva
    Sense id: en-काल-sa-noun-IAyqQM9l
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: कालकूट (kālakū́ṭa) (english: highest death)
Etymology number: 2 Categories (other): Face Disambiguation of Face: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Inflected forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "sa",
      "name": "Face",
      "orig": "sa:Face",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-dar"
          },
          "expansion": "Dardic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dardic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ks",
            "2": "کالہٕ"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashmiri: کالہٕ (kālụ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashmiri: کالہٕ (kālụ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wsv",
            "2": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "kāḷa",
            "3": "kāḷaka"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: kāḷa, kāḷaka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: kāḷa, kāḷaka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra",
            "2": "𑀓𑀸𑀮",
            "3": "𑀓𑀸𑀮𑀬"
          },
          "expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla), 𑀓𑀸𑀮𑀬 (kālaya)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla), 𑀓𑀸𑀮𑀬 (kālaya) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "der",
        "3": "dra-pro>*kār>black",
        "id": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "dra"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Dravidian",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "dra-pro",
        "3": "*kār"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kār",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "கார்",
        "3": "",
        "4": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "Tamil கார் (kār, “black”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kn",
        "2": "ಕಾಡು",
        "3": "",
        "4": "blackness, black"
      },
      "expansion": "Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kār; compare Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), கரு (karu), Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”), ಕಪ್ಪು (kappu).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kāla",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालः",
      "roman": "kālaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाः",
      "roman": "kālāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालासः1",
      "roman": "kālāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालम्",
      "roman": "kālam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालान्",
      "roman": "kālān",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेन",
      "roman": "kālena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालैः",
      "roman": "kālaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभिः1",
      "roman": "kālebhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाय",
      "roman": "kālāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालात्",
      "roman": "kālāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालस्य",
      "roman": "kālasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानाम्",
      "roman": "kālānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेषु",
      "roman": "kāleṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल",
      "roman": "kāla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाः",
      "roman": "kālāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालासः1",
      "roman": "kālāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काली",
      "roman": "kālī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यौ",
      "roman": "kālyau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काली1",
      "roman": "kālī1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यः",
      "roman": "kālyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीः1",
      "roman": "kālīḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीम्",
      "roman": "kālīm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यौ",
      "roman": "kālyau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काली1",
      "roman": "kālī1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीः",
      "roman": "kālīḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्या",
      "roman": "kālyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālībhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीभिः",
      "roman": "kālībhiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यै",
      "roman": "kālyai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālībhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālībhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्याः",
      "roman": "kālyāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यै2",
      "roman": "kālyai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālībhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālībhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्याः",
      "roman": "kālyāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यै2",
      "roman": "kālyai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्योः",
      "roman": "kālyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीनाम्",
      "roman": "kālīnām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्याम्",
      "roman": "kālyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्योः",
      "roman": "kālyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीषु",
      "roman": "kālīṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालि",
      "roman": "kāli",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यौ",
      "roman": "kālyau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काली1",
      "roman": "kālī1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यः",
      "roman": "kālyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीः1",
      "roman": "kālīḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालम्",
      "roman": "kālam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानि",
      "roman": "kālāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालम्",
      "roman": "kālam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानि",
      "roman": "kālāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेन",
      "roman": "kālena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालैः",
      "roman": "kālaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभिः1",
      "roman": "kālebhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाय",
      "roman": "kālāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालात्",
      "roman": "kālāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालस्य",
      "roman": "kālasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानाम्",
      "roman": "kālānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेषु",
      "roman": "kāleṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल",
      "roman": "kāla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानि",
      "roman": "kālāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "काल • (kāla) stem",
      "name": "sa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kāla",
        "2": "kālī",
        "3": "kāla"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kāla",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "adj": "1",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kālī",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kāla",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "adj": "1",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "37 9 6 24 17 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 23 5 5 4 2 2 7 6 2 2 5 2 0 2 2 4 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Colors",
          "orig": "sa:Colors",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 8 3 3 7 3 3 11 10 3 3 9 3 0 3 3 7 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Metals",
          "orig": "sa:Metals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "black, dark blue"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-adj-PwFU3efS",
      "links": [
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ],
        [
          "blue",
          "blue"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.lɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.l̪ɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "काल"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "sa",
      "name": "Face",
      "orig": "sa:Face",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "der",
        "3": "dra-pro>*kār>black",
        "id": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "dra"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Dravidian",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "dra-pro",
        "3": "*kār"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kār",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "கார்",
        "3": "",
        "4": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "Tamil கார் (kār, “black”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kn",
        "2": "ಕಾಡು",
        "3": "",
        "4": "blackness, black"
      },
      "expansion": "Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kār; compare Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), கரு (karu), Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”), ಕಪ್ಪು (kappu).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kāla",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालः",
      "roman": "kālaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाः",
      "roman": "kālāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालासः1",
      "roman": "kālāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालम्",
      "roman": "kālam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालान्",
      "roman": "kālān",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेन",
      "roman": "kālena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालैः",
      "roman": "kālaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभिः1",
      "roman": "kālebhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाय",
      "roman": "kālāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालात्",
      "roman": "kālāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालस्य",
      "roman": "kālasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानाम्",
      "roman": "kālānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेषु",
      "roman": "kāleṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल",
      "roman": "kāla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाः",
      "roman": "kālāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालासः1",
      "roman": "kālāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "काल • (kāla) stem, m",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "śvetá",
      "word": "श्वेत"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "śuklá",
      "word": "शुक्ल"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "śubhrá",
      "word": "शुभ्र"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "dhavalá",
      "word": "धवल"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gaurá",
      "word": "गौर"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "dhūmala",
      "word": "धूमल"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "dhūsara",
      "word": "धूसर"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "palitá",
      "word": "पलित"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "malina",
      "word": "मलिन"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rajata",
      "word": "रजत"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kapotaká",
      "word": "कपोतक"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kṛṣṇa",
      "word": "कृष्ण"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "śyāma",
      "word": "श्याम"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "śyāva",
      "word": "श्याव"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kajjala",
      "word": "कज्जल"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rakta",
      "word": "रक्त"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rudhira",
      "word": "रुधिर"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "sindūra",
      "word": "सिन्दूर"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "aruṣa",
      "word": "अरुष"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tāmra",
      "word": "ताम्र"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rohita",
      "word": "रोहित"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "lohita",
      "word": "लोहित"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "nāraṅga",
      "word": "नारङ्ग"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kamala",
      "word": "कमल"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kadru",
      "word": "कद्रु"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "babhru",
      "word": "बभ्रु"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kapiśa",
      "word": "कपिश"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "pīta",
      "word": "पीत"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kaṣāya",
      "word": "कषाय"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "piṅgala",
      "word": "पिङ्गल"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "pāṇḍu",
      "word": "पाण्डु"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "hiraṇya",
      "word": "हिरण्य"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "śā́daharita",
      "word": "शादहरित"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "harita",
      "word": "हरित"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "palāśa",
      "word": "पलाश"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "śādvala",
      "word": "शाद्वल"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "mārakata",
      "word": "मारकत"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "nī́la",
      "word": "नील"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "ākāśavarṇa",
      "word": "आकाशवर्ण"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rājāvarta",
      "word": "राजावर्त"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "vaiḍūrya",
      "word": "वैडूर्य"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "mecaka",
      "word": "मेचक"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kālaka",
      "word": "कालक"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "dhūmra",
      "word": "धूम्र"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tuttha",
      "word": "तुत्थ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "śóṇa",
      "word": "शोण"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "nīlalohita",
      "word": "नीललोहित"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "pāṭala",
      "word": "पाटल"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "aruṇa",
      "word": "अरुण"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "bradhna",
      "word": "ब्रध्न"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 23 5 5 4 2 2 7 6 2 2 5 2 0 2 2 4 4 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Colors",
          "orig": "sa:Colors",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "black, dark blue colour"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-gB~sLpOF",
      "links": [
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ],
        [
          "blue",
          "blue"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pupil (dark part of the eye)"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-z-hJHo2g",
      "links": [
        [
          "pupil",
          "pupil"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.lɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.l̪ɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "काल"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "sa",
      "name": "Face",
      "orig": "sa:Face",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "der",
        "3": "dra-pro>*kār>black",
        "id": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "dra"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Dravidian",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "dra-pro",
        "3": "*kār"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kār",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "கார்",
        "3": "",
        "4": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "Tamil கார் (kār, “black”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kn",
        "2": "ಕಾಡು",
        "3": "",
        "4": "blackness, black"
      },
      "expansion": "Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kār; compare Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), கரு (karu), Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”), ಕಪ್ಪು (kappu).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kāla",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालम्",
      "roman": "kālam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानि",
      "roman": "kālāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालम्",
      "roman": "kālam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानि",
      "roman": "kālāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेन",
      "roman": "kālena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालैः",
      "roman": "kālaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभिः1",
      "roman": "kālebhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाय",
      "roman": "kālāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालात्",
      "roman": "kālāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालस्य",
      "roman": "kālasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानाम्",
      "roman": "kālānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेषु",
      "roman": "kāleṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल",
      "roman": "kāla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानि",
      "roman": "kālāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "काल • (kāla) stem, n",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "22 13 9 42 9 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 14 14 36 8 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a black kind of agarwood from Agallochum (now Aquilaria)"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-j4715aII",
      "links": [
        [
          "agarwood",
          "agarwood"
        ],
        [
          "Aquilaria",
          "Aquilaria#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a kind of perfume (कक्कोलक (kakkolaka))"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-r3H7nv-d",
      "links": [
        [
          "perfume",
          "perfume"
        ],
        [
          "कक्कोलक",
          "कक्कोलक#Sanskrit"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "iron"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-BOnA24fn",
      "links": [
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.lɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.l̪ɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "काल"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "sa",
      "name": "Face",
      "orig": "sa:Face",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "highest death",
      "roman": "kālakū́ṭa",
      "word": "कालकूट"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-dar"
          },
          "expansion": "Dardic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dardic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dml",
            "2": "kâl"
          },
          "expansion": "Dameli: kâl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dameli: kâl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mvy",
            "2": "kāla",
            "3": "kalaĩ"
          },
          "expansion": "Indus Kohistani: kāla, kalaĩ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Indus Kohistani: kāla, kalaĩ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gwc",
            "2": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Kalami: kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kalami: kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kls",
            "2": "kau",
            "3": "kālūna"
          },
          "expansion": "Kalasha: kau, kālūna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kalasha: kau, kālūna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ks",
            "2": "کال",
            "3": "کالہٕ"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashmiri: کال (kāl), کالہٕ (kālụ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashmiri: کال (kāl), کالہٕ (kālụ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "khw",
            "2": "کل",
            "tr": "kala"
          },
          "expansion": "Khowar: کل (kala)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Khowar: کل (kala)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Pashayi:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "aee",
            "2": "kōl"
          },
          "expansion": "Northeast Pashayi: kōl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Northeast Pashayi: kōl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "glh",
            "2": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Northwest Pashayi: kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Northwest Pashayi: kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scl",
            "2": "کال",
            "tr": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Shina: کال (kāl)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Shina: کال (kāl)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sts",
            "2": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Shumashti: kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Shumashti: kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tra",
            "2": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Tirahi: kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tirahi: kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "trw",
            "2": "کال",
            "tr": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Torwali: کال (kāl)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Torwali: کال (kāl)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wsv",
            "2": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-nur-pro",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Nuristani:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Nuristani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ask",
            "2": "kal"
          },
          "expansion": "Ashkun: kal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ashkun: kal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ask",
            "2": "awat-kāl",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Ashkun: awat-kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Ashkun: awat-kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bsh",
            "2": "awte-kāl",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Kamkata-viri: awte-kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Kamkata-viri: awte-kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "prn",
            "2": "wūt-kal",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Prasuni: wūt-kal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Prasuni: wūt-kal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wbk",
            "2": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Waigali: kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Waigali: kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "kāla"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: kāla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: kāla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "km",
            "2": "កាល",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Khmer: កាល (kaal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Khmer: កាល (kaal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-ash",
            "2": "𑀓𑀮",
            "3": "𑀓𑀸𑀮"
          },
          "expansion": "Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀓𑀮 (kala), 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀓𑀮 (kala), 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra",
            "2": "𑀓𑀸𑀮"
          },
          "expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jv",
            "2": "ꦏꦭ / kala",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Javanese: ꦏꦭ / kala",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Javanese: ꦏꦭ / kala"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ms",
            "2": "kala",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Malay: kala",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Malay: kala"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "id",
            "2": "kala"
          },
          "expansion": "Indonesian: kala",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Indonesian: kala"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ta",
            "2": "காலம்",
            "3": "கால்",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tamil: காலம் (kālam), கால் (kāl)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tamil: காலம் (kālam), கால் (kāl)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ml",
            "2": "കാലം",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Malayalam: കാലം (kālaṁ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Malayalam: കാലം (kālaṁ)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "uncertain"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kʷel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to move; to turn (around)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*vermę̀",
        "t": "period of time"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vermę̀ (“period of time”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰",
        "t": "a while"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰 (ƕeila, “a while”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καιρός",
        "t": "measure, time, season"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καιρός (kairós, “measure, time, season”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "vṛddhi derivative",
      "name": "vrd"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. Perhaps an l-form of कार (kāra, “action”), taking \"decisive action\" as the connotation. Alternatively, derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”); compare Proto-Slavic *vermę̀ (“period of time”) for a parallel semantic development from an earlier \"turn\" meaning (albeit from a different root). Hirt compares this to Gothic 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰 (ƕeila, “a while”), while Güntert compares this to Ancient Greek καιρός (kairós, “measure, time, season”), and takes the l-consonant in काल (kāla) as a preservation of a dialectal form in order to distinguish from कार (kāra). Probably not a vṛddhi derivative of the root कल् (kal, “to calculate or enumerate”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kālá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालः",
      "roman": "kāláḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाः",
      "roman": "kālā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालासः1",
      "roman": "kālā́saḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालम्",
      "roman": "kālám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालान्",
      "roman": "kālā́n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेन",
      "roman": "kāléna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालैः",
      "roman": "kālaíḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभिः1",
      "roman": "kālébhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाय",
      "roman": "kālā́ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालात्",
      "roman": "kālā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालस्य",
      "roman": "kālásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kāláyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानाम्",
      "roman": "kālā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kālé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kāláyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेषु",
      "roman": "kāléṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल",
      "roman": "kā́la",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kā́lau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kā́lā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाः",
      "roman": "kā́lāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालासः1",
      "roman": "kā́lāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "tr": "kālá"
      },
      "expansion": "काल • (kālá) stem, m",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kālá"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 12 17 5 0 0 16 17 0 4 1 14 13 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Time",
          "orig": "sa:Time",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a fixed or right point of time, a space of time, time (in general)"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-cRd6QBAt",
      "links": [
        [
          "time",
          "time"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "2 3 4 8 3 6 7 5 4 2 2 3 2 1 6 9 3 1 1 5 3 1 1 1 3 6 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Northwest Pashayi terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 3 2 1 15 17 12 1 1 0 5 1 0 0 14 1 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 1 6 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 1 3 1 1 12 13 10 1 0 0 6 0 0 0 19 1 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 8 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 2 2 9 1 0 0 29 1 0 0 30 1 0 0 0 2 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 4 4 7 2 1 1 23 3 1 1 22 4 1 1 1 4 10 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 3 3 8 2 1 2 24 2 1 1 23 3 1 1 1 3 11 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 2 1 8 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 12 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit vrddhi derivatives",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 2 9 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Hindu deities",
          "orig": "sa:Hindu deities",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 8 3 3 7 3 3 11 10 3 3 9 3 0 3 3 7 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Metals",
          "orig": "sa:Metals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 12 17 5 0 0 16 17 0 4 1 14 13 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Time",
          "orig": "sa:Time",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 5 2 2 5 2 6 14 8 2 2 15 8 0 2 2 9 9 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Timekeeping",
          "orig": "sa:Timekeeping",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 1 9 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 3 0 1 1 1 12 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Units of measure",
          "orig": "sa:Units of measure",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 7 2 5 6 2 2 14 8 2 2 14 2 0 2 2 6 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Woods",
          "orig": "sa:Woods",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Having driven away the assailant, he triumphs; at the time of battle he selects his antagonist as does a gambler. The man who, desirous of gratifying the gods, withholds not his riches, him the powerful Indra associates with wealth.",
          "ref": "c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.42.9",
          "roman": "yó devákāmo ná dhánā ruṇaddhi sámíttáṃ rāyā́ sṛjati svadhā́vān.",
          "text": "उ॒त प्र॒हाम॑ति॒दीव्या॑ जयाति कृ॒तं यच्छ्व॒घ्नी वि॑चि॒नोति॑ का॒ले ।\nयो दे॒वका॑मो॒ न धना॑ रुणद्धि॒ समित्तं रा॒या सृ॑जति स्व॒धावा॑न् ॥\nutá prahā́matidī́vyā jayāti kṛtáṃ yácchvaghnī́ vicinóti kālé."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the proper time or season for (+genitive, dative, locative, in compound, infinitive, or subjunctive with यद् (yad)"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-KCkp6oPl",
      "links": [
        [
          "season",
          "season"
        ],
        [
          "यद्",
          "यद्#Sanskrit"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 8 3 3 7 3 3 11 10 3 3 9 3 0 3 3 7 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Metals",
          "orig": "sa:Metals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "occasion, circumstance"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-SEG6TgqN",
      "links": [
        [
          "occasion",
          "occasion"
        ],
        [
          "circumstance",
          "circumstance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "season"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-j44k9lxX",
      "links": [
        [
          "season",
          "season"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hour"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-msCt1HXd",
      "links": [
        [
          "hour",
          "hour"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 1 3 2 1 15 17 12 1 1 0 5 1 0 0 14 1 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 1 6 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 1 3 1 1 12 13 10 1 0 0 6 0 0 0 19 1 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 8 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 2 2 9 1 0 0 29 1 0 0 30 1 0 0 0 2 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 4 4 7 2 1 1 23 3 1 1 22 4 1 1 1 4 10 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 3 3 8 2 1 2 24 2 1 1 23 3 1 1 1 3 11 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 2 1 8 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 12 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit vrddhi derivatives",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 2 9 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Hindu deities",
          "orig": "sa:Hindu deities",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 8 3 3 7 3 3 11 10 3 3 9 3 0 3 3 7 7 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Metals",
          "orig": "sa:Metals",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 12 17 5 0 0 16 17 0 4 1 14 13 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Time",
          "orig": "sa:Time",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 5 2 2 5 2 6 14 8 2 2 15 8 0 2 2 9 9 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Timekeeping",
          "orig": "sa:Timekeeping",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 1 9 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 3 0 1 1 1 12 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Units of measure",
          "orig": "sa:Units of measure",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 7 2 5 6 2 2 14 8 2 2 14 2 0 2 2 6 8 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Woods",
          "orig": "sa:Woods",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a period of time, time of the world (युग (yuga))"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-oD9vvDPs",
      "links": [
        [
          "युग",
          "युग#Sanskrit"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 12 17 5 0 0 16 17 0 4 1 14 13 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Time",
          "orig": "sa:Time",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "measure of time, prosody"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-p0Z4jdw8",
      "links": [
        [
          "prosody",
          "prosody"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a section, part"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-ds27AAk9",
      "links": [
        [
          "section",
          "section"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the end"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-kuuc0IHw",
      "links": [
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 0 45 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Death",
          "orig": "sa:Death",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "death by age"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-w6FimxCf",
      "links": [
        [
          "death",
          "death"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 12 17 5 0 0 16 17 0 4 1 14 13 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Time",
          "orig": "sa:Time",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "time (as leading to events, the causes of which are imperceptible to the mind of man), destiny, fate"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-5TSGWexf",
      "links": [
        [
          "time",
          "time"
        ],
        [
          "destiny",
          "destiny"
        ],
        [
          "fate",
          "fate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "4 2 2 9 1 0 0 29 1 0 0 30 1 0 0 0 2 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 4 4 7 2 1 1 23 3 1 1 22 4 1 1 1 4 10 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 3 3 8 2 1 2 24 2 1 1 23 3 1 1 1 3 11 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 2 1 8 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 12 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit vrddhi derivatives",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 0 45 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Death",
          "orig": "sa:Death",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 2 9 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 13 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Hindu deities",
          "orig": "sa:Hindu deities",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 12 17 5 0 0 16 17 0 4 1 14 13 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Time",
          "orig": "sa:Time",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 2 1 9 1 1 1 29 1 1 1 30 3 0 1 1 1 12 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "sa",
          "name": "Units of measure",
          "orig": "sa:Units of measure",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I am mighty time, the source of destruction that comes forth to annihilate the worlds.\nEven without your participation, the warriors arrayed in the opposing army shall cease to exist.",
          "ref": "c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā Chapter 11.32",
          "roman": "ṛteʼpi tvāṃ na bhaviṣyanti sarve yeʼvasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu yodhāḥ.",
          "text": "कालोऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत्प्रवृद्धो लोकान्समाहर्तुमिह प्रवृत्तः ।\nऋतेऽपि त्वां न भविष्यन्ति सर्वे येऽवस्थिताः प्रत्यनीकेषु योधाः ॥\nkāloʼsmi lokakṣayakṛtpravṛddho lokānsamāhartumiha pravṛttaḥ."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "time (as destroying all things), death, time of death (often personified and represented with the attributes of Yama, regent of the dead, or even identified with him"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-Jc3UeguT",
      "links": [
        [
          "time",
          "time"
        ],
        [
          "death",
          "death"
        ],
        [
          "Yama",
          "Yama"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Kāla, personified is also a देवर्षि (devarṣi) in Indra's court, and a son of Dhruva"
      ],
      "id": "en-काल-sa-noun-IAyqQM9l",
      "links": [
        [
          "देवर्षि",
          "देवर्षि#Sanskrit"
        ],
        [
          "Indra",
          "Indra"
        ],
        [
          "Dhruva",
          "Dhruva"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.lɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.l̪ɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "काल"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Indus Kohistani terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Northwest Pashayi terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sanskrit a-stem adjectives",
    "Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
    "Sanskrit adjectives",
    "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Sanskrit masculine nouns",
    "Sanskrit neuter nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit terms borrowed from Dravidian languages",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Dravidian languages",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Dravidian",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Sanskrit vrddhi derivatives",
    "sa:Colors",
    "sa:Death",
    "sa:Face",
    "sa:Hindu deities",
    "sa:Metals",
    "sa:Time",
    "sa:Timekeeping",
    "sa:Units of measure",
    "sa:Woods"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-dar"
          },
          "expansion": "Dardic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dardic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ks",
            "2": "کالہٕ"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashmiri: کالہٕ (kālụ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashmiri: کالہٕ (kālụ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wsv",
            "2": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "kāḷa",
            "3": "kāḷaka"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: kāḷa, kāḷaka",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: kāḷa, kāḷaka"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra",
            "2": "𑀓𑀸𑀮",
            "3": "𑀓𑀸𑀮𑀬"
          },
          "expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla), 𑀓𑀸𑀮𑀬 (kālaya)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla), 𑀓𑀸𑀮𑀬 (kālaya) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "der",
        "3": "dra-pro>*kār>black",
        "id": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "dra"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Dravidian",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "dra-pro",
        "3": "*kār"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kār",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "கார்",
        "3": "",
        "4": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "Tamil கார் (kār, “black”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kn",
        "2": "ಕಾಡು",
        "3": "",
        "4": "blackness, black"
      },
      "expansion": "Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kār; compare Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), கரு (karu), Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”), ಕಪ್ಪು (kappu).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kāla",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालः",
      "roman": "kālaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाः",
      "roman": "kālāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालासः1",
      "roman": "kālāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालम्",
      "roman": "kālam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालान्",
      "roman": "kālān",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेन",
      "roman": "kālena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालैः",
      "roman": "kālaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभिः1",
      "roman": "kālebhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाय",
      "roman": "kālāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालात्",
      "roman": "kālāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालस्य",
      "roman": "kālasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानाम्",
      "roman": "kālānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेषु",
      "roman": "kāleṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल",
      "roman": "kāla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाः",
      "roman": "kālāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालासः1",
      "roman": "kālāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काली",
      "roman": "kālī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यौ",
      "roman": "kālyau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काली1",
      "roman": "kālī1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यः",
      "roman": "kālyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीः1",
      "roman": "kālīḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीम्",
      "roman": "kālīm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यौ",
      "roman": "kālyau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काली1",
      "roman": "kālī1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीः",
      "roman": "kālīḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्या",
      "roman": "kālyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālībhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीभिः",
      "roman": "kālībhiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यै",
      "roman": "kālyai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālībhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālībhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्याः",
      "roman": "kālyāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यै2",
      "roman": "kālyai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālībhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālībhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्याः",
      "roman": "kālyāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यै2",
      "roman": "kālyai2",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्योः",
      "roman": "kālyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीनाम्",
      "roman": "kālīnām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्याम्",
      "roman": "kālyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्योः",
      "roman": "kālyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीषु",
      "roman": "kālīṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालि",
      "roman": "kāli",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यौ",
      "roman": "kālyau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काली1",
      "roman": "kālī1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल्यः",
      "roman": "kālyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालीः1",
      "roman": "kālīḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-adj-mfn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालम्",
      "roman": "kālam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानि",
      "roman": "kālāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालम्",
      "roman": "kālam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानि",
      "roman": "kālāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेन",
      "roman": "kālena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालैः",
      "roman": "kālaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभिः1",
      "roman": "kālebhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाय",
      "roman": "kālāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालात्",
      "roman": "kālāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालस्य",
      "roman": "kālasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानाम्",
      "roman": "kālānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेषु",
      "roman": "kāleṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल",
      "roman": "kāla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानि",
      "roman": "kālāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "काल • (kāla) stem",
      "name": "sa-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kāla",
        "2": "kālī",
        "3": "kāla"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-adj-mfn"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kāla",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "adj": "1",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kālī",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nocat": "1",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "r_stem_a": "ā",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-f"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kāla",
        "abl_d": "",
        "abl_p": "",
        "abl_s": "",
        "acc_d": "",
        "acc_p": "",
        "acc_s": "",
        "adj": "1",
        "ambig_final": "",
        "at_nom_s": "",
        "dat_d": "",
        "dat_p": "",
        "dat_s": "",
        "diaspirate": "",
        "gen_d": "",
        "gen_p": "",
        "gen_s": "",
        "ins_d": "",
        "ins_p": "",
        "ins_s": "",
        "loc_d": "",
        "loc_p": "",
        "loc_s": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_d": "",
        "nom_p": "",
        "nom_s": "",
        "note": "",
        "novedic": "",
        "participle": "",
        "pronominal": "",
        "root": "",
        "sc": "Deva",
        "voc_d": "",
        "voc_p": "",
        "voc_s": ""
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "black, dark blue"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ],
        [
          "blue",
          "blue"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.lɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.l̪ɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "काल"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Indus Kohistani terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Northwest Pashayi terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sanskrit a-stem adjectives",
    "Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
    "Sanskrit adjectives",
    "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Sanskrit masculine nouns",
    "Sanskrit neuter nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit terms borrowed from Dravidian languages",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Dravidian languages",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Dravidian",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Sanskrit vrddhi derivatives",
    "sa:Colors",
    "sa:Death",
    "sa:Face",
    "sa:Hindu deities",
    "sa:Metals",
    "sa:Time",
    "sa:Timekeeping",
    "sa:Units of measure",
    "sa:Woods"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "der",
        "3": "dra-pro>*kār>black",
        "id": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "dra"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Dravidian",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "dra-pro",
        "3": "*kār"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kār",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "கார்",
        "3": "",
        "4": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "Tamil கார் (kār, “black”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kn",
        "2": "ಕಾಡು",
        "3": "",
        "4": "blackness, black"
      },
      "expansion": "Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kār; compare Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), கரு (karu), Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”), ಕಪ್ಪು (kappu).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kāla",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालः",
      "roman": "kālaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाः",
      "roman": "kālāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालासः1",
      "roman": "kālāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालम्",
      "roman": "kālam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालान्",
      "roman": "kālān",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेन",
      "roman": "kālena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालैः",
      "roman": "kālaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभिः1",
      "roman": "kālebhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाय",
      "roman": "kālāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालात्",
      "roman": "kālāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालस्य",
      "roman": "kālasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानाम्",
      "roman": "kālānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेषु",
      "roman": "kāleṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल",
      "roman": "kāla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाः",
      "roman": "kālāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालासः1",
      "roman": "kālāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "काल • (kāla) stem, m",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "śvetá",
      "word": "श्वेत"
    },
    {
      "roman": "śuklá",
      "word": "शुक्ल"
    },
    {
      "roman": "śubhrá",
      "word": "शुभ्र"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dhavalá",
      "word": "धवल"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gaurá",
      "word": "गौर"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dhūmala",
      "word": "धूमल"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dhūsara",
      "word": "धूसर"
    },
    {
      "roman": "palitá",
      "word": "पलित"
    },
    {
      "roman": "malina",
      "word": "मलिन"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rajata",
      "word": "रजत"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kapotaká",
      "word": "कपोतक"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kṛṣṇa",
      "word": "कृष्ण"
    },
    {
      "roman": "śyāma",
      "word": "श्याम"
    },
    {
      "roman": "śyāva",
      "word": "श्याव"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kajjala",
      "word": "कज्जल"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rakta",
      "word": "रक्त"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rudhira",
      "word": "रुधिर"
    },
    {
      "roman": "sindūra",
      "word": "सिन्दूर"
    },
    {
      "roman": "aruṣa",
      "word": "अरुष"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tāmra",
      "word": "ताम्र"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rohita",
      "word": "रोहित"
    },
    {
      "roman": "lohita",
      "word": "लोहित"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nāraṅga",
      "word": "नारङ्ग"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kamala",
      "word": "कमल"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kadru",
      "word": "कद्रु"
    },
    {
      "roman": "babhru",
      "word": "बभ्रु"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kapiśa",
      "word": "कपिश"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pīta",
      "word": "पीत"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kaṣāya",
      "word": "कषाय"
    },
    {
      "roman": "piṅgala",
      "word": "पिङ्गल"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pāṇḍu",
      "word": "पाण्डु"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hiraṇya",
      "word": "हिरण्य"
    },
    {
      "roman": "śā́daharita",
      "word": "शादहरित"
    },
    {
      "roman": "harita",
      "word": "हरित"
    },
    {
      "roman": "palāśa",
      "word": "पलाश"
    },
    {
      "roman": "śādvala",
      "word": "शाद्वल"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mārakata",
      "word": "मारकत"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nī́la",
      "word": "नील"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ākāśavarṇa",
      "word": "आकाशवर्ण"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rājāvarta",
      "word": "राजावर्त"
    },
    {
      "roman": "vaiḍūrya",
      "word": "वैडूर्य"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mecaka",
      "word": "मेचक"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kālaka",
      "word": "कालक"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dhūmra",
      "word": "धूम्र"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tuttha",
      "word": "तुत्थ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "śóṇa",
      "word": "शोण"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nīlalohita",
      "word": "नीललोहित"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pāṭala",
      "word": "पाटल"
    },
    {
      "roman": "aruṇa",
      "word": "अरुण"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bradhna",
      "word": "ब्रध्न"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "black, dark blue colour"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ],
        [
          "blue",
          "blue"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pupil (dark part of the eye)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pupil",
          "pupil"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.lɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.l̪ɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "काल"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Indus Kohistani terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Northwest Pashayi terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sanskrit a-stem adjectives",
    "Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
    "Sanskrit adjectives",
    "Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Sanskrit masculine nouns",
    "Sanskrit neuter nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit terms borrowed from Dravidian languages",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Dravidian languages",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Dravidian",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Sanskrit terms with redundant transliterations",
    "Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Sanskrit vrddhi derivatives",
    "sa:Colors",
    "sa:Death",
    "sa:Face",
    "sa:Hindu deities",
    "sa:Metals",
    "sa:Time",
    "sa:Timekeeping",
    "sa:Units of measure",
    "sa:Woods"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "der",
        "3": "dra-pro>*kār>black",
        "id": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "dra"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Dravidian",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "dra-pro",
        "3": "*kār"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Dravidian *kār",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ta",
        "2": "கார்",
        "3": "",
        "4": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "Tamil கார் (kār, “black”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kn",
        "2": "ಕಾಡು",
        "3": "",
        "4": "blackness, black"
      },
      "expansion": "Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dravidian, ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *kār; compare Tamil கார் (kār, “black”), கரு (karu), Kannada ಕಾಡು (kāḍu, “blackness, black”), ಕಪ್ಪು (kappu).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kāla",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालम्",
      "roman": "kālam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानि",
      "roman": "kālāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालम्",
      "roman": "kālam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानि",
      "roman": "kālāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेन",
      "roman": "kālena",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालैः",
      "roman": "kālaiḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभिः1",
      "roman": "kālebhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाय",
      "roman": "kālāya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालात्",
      "roman": "kālāt",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālābhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālebhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालस्य",
      "roman": "kālasya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानाम्",
      "roman": "kālānām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kālayoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेषु",
      "roman": "kāleṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल",
      "roman": "kāla",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kāle",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानि",
      "roman": "kālāni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "काल • (kāla) stem, n",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-n"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a black kind of agarwood from Agallochum (now Aquilaria)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "agarwood",
          "agarwood"
        ],
        [
          "Aquilaria",
          "Aquilaria#Translingual"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a kind of perfume (कक्कोलक (kakkolaka))"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perfume",
          "perfume"
        ],
        [
          "कक्कोलक",
          "कक्कोलक#Sanskrit"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "iron"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "iron",
          "iron"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.lɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.l̪ɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "काल"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Indus Kohistani terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Northwest Pashayi terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Sanskrit a-stem nouns",
    "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
    "Sanskrit lemmas",
    "Sanskrit links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Sanskrit masculine nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns",
    "Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script",
    "Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Sanskrit vrddhi derivatives",
    "sa:Colors",
    "sa:Death",
    "sa:Face",
    "sa:Hindu deities",
    "sa:Metals",
    "sa:Time",
    "sa:Timekeeping",
    "sa:Units of measure",
    "sa:Woods"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "highest death",
      "roman": "kālakū́ṭa",
      "word": "कालकूट"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-dar"
          },
          "expansion": "Dardic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dardic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dml",
            "2": "kâl"
          },
          "expansion": "Dameli: kâl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dameli: kâl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mvy",
            "2": "kāla",
            "3": "kalaĩ"
          },
          "expansion": "Indus Kohistani: kāla, kalaĩ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Indus Kohistani: kāla, kalaĩ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gwc",
            "2": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Kalami: kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kalami: kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kls",
            "2": "kau",
            "3": "kālūna"
          },
          "expansion": "Kalasha: kau, kālūna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kalasha: kau, kālūna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ks",
            "2": "کال",
            "3": "کالہٕ"
          },
          "expansion": "Kashmiri: کال (kāl), کالہٕ (kālụ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kashmiri: کال (kāl), کالہٕ (kālụ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "khw",
            "2": "کل",
            "tr": "kala"
          },
          "expansion": "Khowar: کل (kala)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Khowar: کل (kala)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Pashayi:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "aee",
            "2": "kōl"
          },
          "expansion": "Northeast Pashayi: kōl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Northeast Pashayi: kōl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "glh",
            "2": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Northwest Pashayi: kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Northwest Pashayi: kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "scl",
            "2": "کال",
            "tr": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Shina: کال (kāl)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Shina: کال (kāl)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sts",
            "2": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Shumashti: kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Shumashti: kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "tra",
            "2": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Tirahi: kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tirahi: kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "trw",
            "2": "کال",
            "tr": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Torwali: کال (kāl)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Torwali: کال (kāl)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wsv",
            "2": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Wotapuri-Katarqalai: kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-nur-pro",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Nuristani:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Nuristani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ask",
            "2": "kal"
          },
          "expansion": "Ashkun: kal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ashkun: kal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ask",
            "2": "awat-kāl",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Ashkun: awat-kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Ashkun: awat-kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bsh",
            "2": "awte-kāl",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Kamkata-viri: awte-kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Kamkata-viri: awte-kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "prn",
            "2": "wūt-kal",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Prasuni: wūt-kal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Prasuni: wūt-kal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wbk",
            "2": "kāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Waigali: kāl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Waigali: kāl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "kāla"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: kāla",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: kāla"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "km",
            "2": "កាល",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Khmer: កាល (kaal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Khmer: កាល (kaal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-ash",
            "2": "𑀓𑀮",
            "3": "𑀓𑀸𑀮"
          },
          "expansion": "Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀓𑀮 (kala), 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀓𑀮 (kala), 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra",
            "2": "𑀓𑀸𑀮"
          },
          "expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀮 (kāla) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "jv",
            "2": "ꦏꦭ / kala",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Javanese: ꦏꦭ / kala",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Javanese: ꦏꦭ / kala"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ms",
            "2": "kala",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Malay: kala",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Malay: kala"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "id",
            "2": "kala"
          },
          "expansion": "Indonesian: kala",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Indonesian: kala"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ta",
            "2": "காலம்",
            "3": "கால்",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Tamil: காலம் (kālam), கால் (kāl)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Tamil: காலம் (kālam), கால் (kāl)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ml",
            "2": "കാലം",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Malayalam: കാലം (kālaṁ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Malayalam: കാലം (kālaṁ)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "uncertain",
      "name": "uncertain"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kʷel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to move; to turn (around)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*vermę̀",
        "t": "period of time"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vermę̀ (“period of time”)",
      "name": "noncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰",
        "t": "a while"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰 (ƕeila, “a while”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "καιρός",
        "t": "measure, time, season"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek καιρός (kairós, “measure, time, season”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "vṛddhi derivative",
      "name": "vrd"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Of uncertain origin. Perhaps an l-form of कार (kāra, “action”), taking \"decisive action\" as the connotation. Alternatively, derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”); compare Proto-Slavic *vermę̀ (“period of time”) for a parallel semantic development from an earlier \"turn\" meaning (albeit from a different root). Hirt compares this to Gothic 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰 (ƕeila, “a while”), while Güntert compares this to Ancient Greek καιρός (kairós, “measure, time, season”), and takes the l-consonant in काल (kāla) as a preservation of a dialectal form in order to distinguish from कार (kāra). Probably not a vṛddhi derivative of the root कल् (kal, “to calculate or enumerate”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kālá",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sa-decl-noun-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालः",
      "roman": "kāláḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाः",
      "roman": "kālā́ḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालासः1",
      "roman": "kālā́saḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालम्",
      "roman": "kālám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kālaú",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kālā́1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालान्",
      "roman": "kālā́n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेन",
      "roman": "kāléna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालैः",
      "roman": "kālaíḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभिः1",
      "roman": "kālébhiḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाय",
      "roman": "kālā́ya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालात्",
      "roman": "kālā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाभ्याम्",
      "roman": "kālā́bhyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेभ्यः",
      "roman": "kālébhyaḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालस्य",
      "roman": "kālásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kāláyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालानाम्",
      "roman": "kālā́nām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काले",
      "roman": "kālé",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालयोः",
      "roman": "kāláyoḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालेषु",
      "roman": "kāléṣu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काल",
      "roman": "kā́la",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालौ",
      "roman": "kā́lau",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "काला1",
      "roman": "kā́lā1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालाः",
      "roman": "kā́lāḥ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "कालासः1",
      "roman": "kā́lāsaḥ1",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m",
        "tr": "kālá"
      },
      "expansion": "काल • (kālá) stem, m",
      "name": "sa-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kālá"
      },
      "name": "sa-decl-noun-m"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sanskrit",
  "lang_code": "sa",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a fixed or right point of time, a space of time, time (in general)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "time",
          "time"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Sanskrit terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Having driven away the assailant, he triumphs; at the time of battle he selects his antagonist as does a gambler. The man who, desirous of gratifying the gods, withholds not his riches, him the powerful Indra associates with wealth.",
          "ref": "c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.42.9",
          "roman": "yó devákāmo ná dhánā ruṇaddhi sámíttáṃ rāyā́ sṛjati svadhā́vān.",
          "text": "उ॒त प्र॒हाम॑ति॒दीव्या॑ जयाति कृ॒तं यच्छ्व॒घ्नी वि॑चि॒नोति॑ का॒ले ।\nयो दे॒वका॑मो॒ न धना॑ रुणद्धि॒ समित्तं रा॒या सृ॑जति स्व॒धावा॑न् ॥\nutá prahā́matidī́vyā jayāti kṛtáṃ yácchvaghnī́ vicinóti kālé."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the proper time or season for (+genitive, dative, locative, in compound, infinitive, or subjunctive with यद् (yad)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "season",
          "season"
        ],
        [
          "यद्",
          "यद्#Sanskrit"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "occasion, circumstance"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "occasion",
          "occasion"
        ],
        [
          "circumstance",
          "circumstance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "season"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "season",
          "season"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hour"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hour",
          "hour"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a period of time, time of the world (युग (yuga))"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "युग",
          "युग#Sanskrit"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "measure of time, prosody"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "prosody",
          "prosody"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a section, part"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "section",
          "section"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the end"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "end",
          "end"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "death by age"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "death",
          "death"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "time (as leading to events, the causes of which are imperceptible to the mind of man), destiny, fate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "time",
          "time"
        ],
        [
          "destiny",
          "destiny"
        ],
        [
          "fate",
          "fate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Sanskrit terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I am mighty time, the source of destruction that comes forth to annihilate the worlds.\nEven without your participation, the warriors arrayed in the opposing army shall cease to exist.",
          "ref": "c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā Chapter 11.32",
          "roman": "ṛteʼpi tvāṃ na bhaviṣyanti sarve yeʼvasthitāḥ pratyanīkeṣu yodhāḥ.",
          "text": "कालोऽस्मि लोकक्षयकृत्प्रवृद्धो लोकान्समाहर्तुमिह प्रवृत्तः ।\nऋतेऽपि त्वां न भविष्यन्ति सर्वे येऽवस्थिताः प्रत्यनीकेषु योधाः ॥\nkāloʼsmi lokakṣayakṛtpravṛddho lokānsamāhartumiha pravṛttaḥ."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "time (as destroying all things), death, time of death (often personified and represented with the attributes of Yama, regent of the dead, or even identified with him"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "time",
          "time"
        ],
        [
          "death",
          "death"
        ],
        [
          "Yama",
          "Yama"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Kāla, personified is also a देवर्षि (devarṣi) in Indra's court, and a son of Dhruva"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "देवर्षि",
          "देवर्षि#Sanskrit"
        ],
        [
          "Indra",
          "Indra"
        ],
        [
          "Dhruva",
          "Dhruva"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.lɐ́/",
      "tags": [
        "Vedic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑː.l̪ɐ/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Sanskrit"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "काल"
}

Download raw JSONL data for काल meaning in Sanskrit (44.3kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Sanskrit dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.