See vous in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bien à vous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "comment allez-vous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rendez-vous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous autres"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous-autres"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous de politesse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous deux"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous-même"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous-mêmes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "voussoyer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vouvoyer"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"word": "ou"
},
{
"lang": "Louisiana Creole",
"lang_code": "lou",
"word": "vou"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:vous"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"you\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*yúHs\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*wōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"vos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"vous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"vous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"vous\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vous",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French vous",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vous"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French vous",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vos"
},
"expansion": "Old French vos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "vōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin vōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*wōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ang,roa-bbn,roa-brg,roa-cha,roa-lor,roa-orl,roa-poi",
"2": "vous"
},
"expansion": "Angevin, Bourbonnais-Berrichon, Bourguignon, Champenois, Lorrain, Orléanais, and Poitevin-Saintongeais vous",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-fcm",
"2": "vôs"
},
"expansion": "Franc-Comtois vôs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-gal",
"2": "vouz"
},
"expansion": "Gallo vouz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf,frp",
"2": "vos"
},
"expansion": "Norman and Franco-Provençal vos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "os"
},
"expansion": "Picard os",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "vosautres"
},
"expansion": "Occitan vosautres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-pro",
"2": "vousautes"
},
"expansion": "Provençal vousautes",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "vosaltres"
},
"expansion": "Catalan vosaltres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "voi"
},
"expansion": "Corsican voi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French vous, from Old French vos, vous, from Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.\nSee cognates in regional languages in France: Angevin, Bourbonnais-Berrichon, Bourguignon, Champenois, Lorrain, Orléanais, and Poitevin-Saintongeais vous; Franc-Comtois vôs; Gallo vouz; Norman and Franco-Provençal vos; Picard os; Occitan vosautres (Provençal vousautes); Catalan vosaltres; Corsican voi.\nOther cognates with the same usage are voi in Italian as well as вы (vy) in Russian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tu",
"tags": [
"informal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vous",
"tags": [
"emphatic"
]
},
{
"form": "votre",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"10": "vous",
"11": "possessive determiner",
"12": "votre",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "second-person plural and second-person formal singular",
"4": "",
"5": "informal singular",
"6": "tu",
"7": "object",
"8": "vous",
"9": "emphatic",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "vous (second-person plural and second-person formal singular, informal singular tu, object vous, emphatic vous, possessive determiner votre)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "je"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "j’"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "me"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "m’"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "—"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "moi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "moi-même"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "te"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "t’"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toi-même"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "il2"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "le"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "l’"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lui"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "y"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "en"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lui-même"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "elle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "la"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "elle-même"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "on3"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "l’on"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ce4"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "c’"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ça"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "se"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "s’5"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "soi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "soi-même"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nous-mêmes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous-mêmes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vous-même6"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ils7"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "les"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "leur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "eux7"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "eux-mêmes7"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "elles"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "elles-mêmes"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 30 13 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"english": "You and him, you are my best friends.",
"text": "Toi et lui, vous êtes mes meilleurs amis.",
"translation": "You and him, you are my best friends.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"you (all)"
],
"id": "en-vous-fr-pron-E4s5VHp~",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"second person",
"second person"
],
[
"you (all)",
"you all"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"(subject pronoun) you (all)"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 30 13 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
16
]
],
"english": "I love you (all).",
"text": "Je vous adore.",
"translation": "I love you (all).",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"you (all)"
],
"id": "en-vous-fr-pron-E4s5VHp~1",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"second person",
"second person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"(direct object pronoun) you (all)"
],
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"formal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 3 10 10 43 9 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 10 10 47 9 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 7 7 64 6 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 10 10 45 9 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 62 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 52 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 13 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 36 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
15
],
[
53,
59
],
[
56,
59
]
],
"english": "I will give you my address. / I will give my address to you.",
"text": "Je vous donnerai mon adresse.",
"translation": "I will give you my address. / I will give my address to you.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you, to you (indirect object pronoun)"
],
"id": "en-vous-fr-pron-AJ~T-5nQ",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 30 13 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
22
]
],
"english": "Sir, I cannot tell you.",
"text": "Monsieur, je ne peux pas vous le dire",
"translation": "Sir, I cannot tell you.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural or singular personal pronoun in the second person"
],
"id": "en-vous-fr-pron-BMP3njEu",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"singular",
"singular"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"second person",
"second person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal, polite) plural or singular personal pronoun in the second person"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"polite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vu/"
},
{
"ipa": "/vu.z‿/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-vous.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Fr-vous.ogg/Fr-vous.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Fr-vous.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Switzerland",
"Valais"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Toulouse"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-vous.wav",
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"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Opsylac-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-vous.wav.mp3",
"note": "Grenoble",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-T. Le Berre-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-vous.wav.mp3",
"note": "Hérault",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Touam-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Touam-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Touam-vous.wav.mp3",
"note": "Saint-Étienne",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Touam-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Touam-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-vous.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-X-Javier-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-vous.wav.mp3",
"note": "Massy",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"homophone": "voue"
},
{
"homophone": "vouent"
},
{
"homophone": "voues"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u"
}
],
"word": "vous"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French entries with etymon",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French personal pronouns",
"French pronouns",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *yúHs",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with homophones",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:French/u",
"Rhymes:French/u/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bien à vous"
},
{
"word": "comment allez-vous"
},
{
"word": "rendez-vous"
},
{
"word": "vous autres"
},
{
"word": "vous-autres"
},
{
"word": "vous de politesse"
},
{
"word": "vous deux"
},
{
"word": "vous-même"
},
{
"word": "vous-mêmes"
},
{
"word": "voussoyer"
},
{
"word": "vouvoyer"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"word": "ou"
},
{
"lang": "Louisiana Creole",
"lang_code": "lou",
"word": "vou"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "frm:vous"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"you\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*yúHs\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*wōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"vōs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"vos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"vous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"vous\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"vous\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vous",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French vous",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "vous"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French vous",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vos"
},
"expansion": "Old French vos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "vōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin vōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*wōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ang,roa-bbn,roa-brg,roa-cha,roa-lor,roa-orl,roa-poi",
"2": "vous"
},
"expansion": "Angevin, Bourbonnais-Berrichon, Bourguignon, Champenois, Lorrain, Orléanais, and Poitevin-Saintongeais vous",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-fcm",
"2": "vôs"
},
"expansion": "Franc-Comtois vôs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-gal",
"2": "vouz"
},
"expansion": "Gallo vouz",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf,frp",
"2": "vos"
},
"expansion": "Norman and Franco-Provençal vos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "os"
},
"expansion": "Picard os",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "vosautres"
},
"expansion": "Occitan vosautres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-pro",
"2": "vousautes"
},
"expansion": "Provençal vousautes",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "vosaltres"
},
"expansion": "Catalan vosaltres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "voi"
},
"expansion": "Corsican voi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French vous, from Old French vos, vous, from Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.\nSee cognates in regional languages in France: Angevin, Bourbonnais-Berrichon, Bourguignon, Champenois, Lorrain, Orléanais, and Poitevin-Saintongeais vous; Franc-Comtois vôs; Gallo vouz; Norman and Franco-Provençal vos; Picard os; Occitan vosautres (Provençal vousautes); Catalan vosaltres; Corsican voi.\nOther cognates with the same usage are voi in Italian as well as вы (vy) in Russian.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tu",
"tags": [
"informal",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vous",
"tags": [
"emphatic"
]
},
{
"form": "votre",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"10": "vous",
"11": "possessive determiner",
"12": "votre",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "second-person plural and second-person formal singular",
"4": "",
"5": "informal singular",
"6": "tu",
"7": "object",
"8": "vous",
"9": "emphatic",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "vous (second-person plural and second-person formal singular, informal singular tu, object vous, emphatic vous, possessive determiner votre)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "je"
},
{
"word": "j’"
},
{
"word": "me"
},
{
"word": "m’"
},
{
"word": "—"
},
{
"word": "moi"
},
{
"word": "moi-même"
},
{
"word": "tu"
},
{
"word": "te"
},
{
"word": "t’"
},
{
"word": "toi"
},
{
"word": "toi-même"
},
{
"word": "il2"
},
{
"word": "le"
},
{
"word": "l’"
},
{
"word": "lui"
},
{
"word": "y"
},
{
"word": "en"
},
{
"word": "lui-même"
},
{
"word": "elle"
},
{
"word": "la"
},
{
"word": "elle-même"
},
{
"word": "on3"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "l’on"
},
{
"word": "ce4"
},
{
"word": "c’"
},
{
"word": "ça"
},
{
"word": "se"
},
{
"word": "s’5"
},
{
"word": "soi"
},
{
"word": "soi-même"
},
{
"word": "nous"
},
{
"word": "nous-mêmes"
},
{
"word": "vous-mêmes"
},
{
"word": "vous-même6"
},
{
"word": "ils7"
},
{
"word": "les"
},
{
"word": "leur"
},
{
"word": "eux7"
},
{
"word": "eux-mêmes7"
},
{
"word": "elles"
},
{
"word": "elles-mêmes"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"english": "You and him, you are my best friends.",
"text": "Toi et lui, vous êtes mes meilleurs amis.",
"translation": "You and him, you are my best friends.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"you (all)"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"second person",
"second person"
],
[
"you (all)",
"you all"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"(subject pronoun) you (all)"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
7,
16
]
],
"english": "I love you (all).",
"text": "Je vous adore.",
"translation": "I love you (all).",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"you (all)"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"second person",
"second person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the second person",
"(direct object pronoun) you (all)"
],
"tags": [
"direct-object",
"formal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
15
],
[
53,
59
],
[
56,
59
]
],
"english": "I will give you my address. / I will give my address to you.",
"text": "Je vous donnerai mon adresse.",
"translation": "I will give you my address. / I will give my address to you.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you, to you (indirect object pronoun)"
],
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French formal terms",
"French polite terms",
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
22
]
],
"english": "Sir, I cannot tell you.",
"text": "Monsieur, je ne peux pas vous le dire",
"translation": "Sir, I cannot tell you.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural or singular personal pronoun in the second person"
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"singular",
"singular"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"second person",
"second person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal, polite) plural or singular personal pronoun in the second person"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"polite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vu/"
},
{
"ipa": "/vu.z‿/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-vous.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/aa/Fr-vous.ogg/Fr-vous.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Fr-vous.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Switzerland",
"Valais"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Toulouse"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Mecanautes-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Mecanautes-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Opsylac-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-vous.wav.mp3",
"note": "Grenoble",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Opsylac-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Poslovitch-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Vosges"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-T. Le Berre-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-vous.wav.mp3",
"note": "Hérault",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-T._Le_Berre-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Touam-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Touam-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Touam-vous.wav.mp3",
"note": "Saint-Étienne",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Touam-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Touam-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-vous.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France",
"Lyon"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-X-Javier-vous.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-vous.wav.mp3",
"note": "Massy",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-vous.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-X-Javier-vous.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
},
{
"homophone": "voue"
},
{
"homophone": "vouent"
},
{
"homophone": "voues"
},
{
"rhymes": "-u"
}
],
"word": "vous"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vous meaning in French (12.8kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: object vous",
"path": [
"vous"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "vous",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
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"#invoke",
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],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "",
"title": "vous",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 495000452<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 16:41:54 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
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"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "",
"title": "vous",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 464770341<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 16:42:49 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"vous",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "",
"title": "vous",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 448199056<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 16:43:44 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"vous",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "",
"title": "vous",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 472239508<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 16:44:39 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"vous",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "",
"title": "vous",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 502040098<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 16:45:34 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"vous",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "",
"title": "vous",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 502727807<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 16:46:30 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"vous",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "",
"title": "vous",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 461727506<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 16:47:25 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"vous",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "",
"title": "vous",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 483900636<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 16:48:20 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"vous",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "",
"title": "vous",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 485991196<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 16:49:15 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"vous",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "",
"title": "vous",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 497753226<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 16:50:10 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"vous",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "",
"title": "vous",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 494744619<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 16:51:06 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"vous",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "",
"title": "vous",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 505351893<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Mon, 07 Sep 2026 16:52:01 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.