See underground in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for underground meaning in English (42.3kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "undercover car"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "underground mutton"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "undergrounde",
"pos": "adv"
},
"expansion": "Middle English undergrounde (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under + ground",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under- + ground",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergrond"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ondergrond",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergronds"
},
"expansion": "ondergronds",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Untergrund"
},
"expansion": "German Untergrund",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "undergrunds"
},
"expansion": "Danish undergrunds",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English undergrounde (adverb), equivalent to under + ground or under- + ground. Compare Dutch ondergrond, ondergronds, German Untergrund, Danish undergrunds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more underground",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most underground",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "underground (comparative more underground, superlative most underground)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"un‧der‧ground"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 3 9 19 17 5 8 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 5 6 21 13 7 6 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English locatives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There is an underground tunnel that takes you across the river.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8891",
"text": "One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Below the ground; below the surface of the Earth."
],
"id": "en-underground-en-adj-JENLsNkN",
"raw_glosses": [
"(not comparable) Below the ground; below the surface of the Earth."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "subterranean"
},
{
"word": "hypogean"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ənderkrya",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "ընդերկրյա"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "storgetnya",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "ստորգետնյա"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "padzjémny",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "падзе́мны"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podzémen",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "подзе́мен"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "subterrani"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìxià",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "地下"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "podzemní"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "ondergronds"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "subtera"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "maanalainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "souterrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mic̣iskveša",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "მიწისქვეშა"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "unterirdisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "Untegrund-"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypógeios",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "υπόγειος"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "hupógeios",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "ὑπόγειος"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "hupónomos",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "ὑπόνομος"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "khthónios",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "χθόνιος"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūmigat",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "भूमिगत"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "antarbhaum",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "अंतर्भौम"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "zamīndoz",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "ज़मींदोज़"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūgarbhasth",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "भूगर्भस्थ"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūgarbhik",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "भूगर्भिक"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "föld alatti"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "neðanjarðar"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "subtera"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "maanalain"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "sotterraneo"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"alt": "ちか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chika",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "地下"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ttangsok",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "땅속"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ttanggul",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "땅굴"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ttangmit",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "땅밑"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ttang'arae",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "땅아래"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"alt": "地下",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jiha",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "지하"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "subterrāneus"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "podzemen",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "подземен"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "bawah tanah"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "banah"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "rarowhenua"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "underjordisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "podziemny"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "subterrâneo"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "subteran"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podzémnyj",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "подзе́мный"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "подземан"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "podzeman"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "podzemný"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "podzemen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "subterráneo"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "underjordisk"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pidzémnyj",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "підзе́мний"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "untergrunt",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "אונטערגרונט"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 11 2",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "untererdish",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "אונטערערדיש"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 3 9 19 17 5 8 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 5 6 21 13 7 6 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English locatives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 16 11 6 9 11 19 6 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with under-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 12 9 6 1 6 20 9 9 24",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rail transportation",
"orig": "en:Rail transportation",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "These criminals operate through an underground network.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hidden, furtive, secretive."
],
"id": "en-underground-en-adj-veVKm50i",
"links": [
[
"Hidden",
"hidden"
],
[
"furtive",
"furtive"
],
[
"secretive",
"secretive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Hidden, furtive, secretive."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hidden"
},
{
"word": "covert"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "táen",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "та́ен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podmólen",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "подмо́лен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "clandestí"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "secret"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìxià de",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "地下的"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mìmì de",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "秘密的"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ànzhōng de",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "暗中的"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "ondergronds"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "maanalainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "souterrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "clandestin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "iaṭaḳkveša",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "იატაკქვეშა"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saidumlo",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "საიდუმლო"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "paruli",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "ფარული"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "heimlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "geheim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "Untergrund-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypógeios",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "υπόγειος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mystikós",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "μυστικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lathraíos",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "λαθραίος"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "maẖtartí",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "מַחְתַּרְתִּי"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "földalatti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "illegális"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "rejtett"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "titkos"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "clandestino"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"alt": "ひみつの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "himitsu no",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "秘密の"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"alt": "ふほうの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fuhō no",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "不法の"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "angura",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "アングラ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "potaen",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "потаен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "clandestino"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "secreto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podpólʹnyj",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "подпо́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "прикрѝвен"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "по̏та̄јан"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "prikrìven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "pȍtājan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 81 19",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "untererdish",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "אונטערערדיש"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mainstream"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Art",
"orig": "en:Art",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 16 11 6 9 11 19 6 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with under-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "underground music",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, page 27",
"text": "‘[…]he wrote to me last week telling me about an incredible bitch of a row blazing there on account of someone having been and gone and produced an unofficial magazine called Raddled, full of obscene libellous Oz-like filth. And what I though, what Sammy and I thought, was—why not?’ ‘Why not what?’ said Tom. ‘Why not do the same thing here?’ ‘You mean an underground magazine?’ ‘Yup.’",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010 March 20, James Campbell, “Barry Miles: 'I think of the 60s as a supermarket of ideas. We were looking for new ways to live'”, in The Guardian",
"text": "In many ways, it showed there was no longer an underground, as such. This proved that there was no longer one society with everyone agreeing how to live . . . The underground had officially come above ground, and consequently no longer existed.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Outside the mainstream, especially unofficial and hidden from the authorities."
],
"id": "en-underground-en-adj-VZESE2-A",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"Outside",
"outside"
],
[
"mainstream",
"mainstream"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"unofficial",
"unofficial"
],
[
"hidden",
"hidden"
],
[
"authorities",
"authorities"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of music, art etc.) Outside the mainstream, especially unofficial and hidden from the authorities."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of music",
"of music"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "unconventional"
},
{
"word": "alternative"
}
],
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēi zhǔliú",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "非主流"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "underground"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "underground"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "underground"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "alternatif"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "Untegrund-"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypógeios",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "υπόγειος"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "perithoriakós",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "περιθωριακός"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "alternatív"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "angura",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "アングラ"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "undergroundowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "underground"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "alternativo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "andɛrgráund",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "андергра́унд"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "andɛgráund",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "андегра́унд"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "подземан"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "podzeman"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "yer altı"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "underground"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "anderhráundovyj",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "андергра́ундовий"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 93",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "andehráundovyj",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "андегра́ундовий"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndəɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndɚɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-underground.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "underground"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "undergrounde",
"pos": "adv"
},
"expansion": "Middle English undergrounde (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under + ground",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under- + ground",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergrond"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ondergrond",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergronds"
},
"expansion": "ondergronds",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Untergrund"
},
"expansion": "German Untergrund",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "undergrunds"
},
"expansion": "Danish undergrunds",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English undergrounde (adverb), equivalent to under + ground or under- + ground. Compare Dutch ondergrond, ondergronds, German Untergrund, Danish undergrunds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more underground",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most underground",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "underground (comparative more underground, superlative most underground)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"un‧der‧ground"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The tunnel goes underground at this point.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Below the ground."
],
"id": "en-underground-en-adv-t3rk2S0A",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "below ground"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pod zemjata",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "под земята"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìxià",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "地下"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "maan alla"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "sous terre"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "sous la terre"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "baixo terra"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "unter der Erde"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "unterirdisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypógeia",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "υπόγεια"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "neðanjarðar"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "sottoterra"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "łeeyiʼ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "debaixo da terra"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "debaixo do solo"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pod zemljój",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "под землёй"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 3 9 19 17 5 8 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 5 6 21 13 7 6 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English locatives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Secretly."
],
"id": "en-underground-en-adv-fhnLz2Ms",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "clandestinely"
},
{
"word": "in secret"
},
{
"word": "on the quiet"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndəɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndɚɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-underground.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "underground"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "undergrounde",
"pos": "adv"
},
"expansion": "Middle English undergrounde (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under + ground",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under- + ground",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergrond"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ondergrond",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergronds"
},
"expansion": "ondergronds",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Untergrund"
},
"expansion": "German Untergrund",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "undergrunds"
},
"expansion": "Danish undergrunds",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English undergrounde (adverb), equivalent to under + ground or under- + ground. Compare Dutch ondergrond, ondergronds, German Untergrund, Danish undergrunds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "undergrounds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "underground (plural undergrounds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"un‧der‧ground"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geography",
"orig": "en:Geography",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 3 9 19 17 5 8 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 5 6 21 13 7 6 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English locatives",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 16 11 6 9 11 19 6 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with under-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Regions beneath the surface of the earth, both natural (eg. caves) and man-made (eg. mines)."
],
"id": "en-underground-en-noun-LEujhFXp",
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) Regions beneath the surface of the earth, both natural (eg. caves) and man-made (eg. mines)."
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "regions beneath the surface of the earth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "podzemí"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūgarbh",
"sense": "regions beneath the surface of the earth",
"word": "भूगर्भ"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "antarbhūmi",
"sense": "regions beneath the surface of the earth",
"word": "अंतर्भूमि"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūmigat",
"sense": "regions beneath the surface of the earth",
"word": "भूमिगत"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "regions beneath the surface of the earth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "subsolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 4 5 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "regions beneath the surface of the earth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "subterrâneo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 16 11 6 9 11 19 6 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with under-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 12 9 6 1 6 20 9 9 24",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rail transportation",
"orig": "en:Rail transportation",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "London Underground",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of subway: a railway that is under the ground."
],
"id": "en-underground-en-noun-7flPtaNi",
"links": [
[
"subway",
"subway#English"
],
[
"railway",
"railway"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly British) Synonym of subway: a railway that is under the ground."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "underground railway"
},
{
"extra": "a railway that is under the ground",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "subway"
}
],
"tags": [
"British"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the French underground during World War II",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1942, Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein, Howard Koch, Casablanca, spoken by Ilsa (Ingrid Bergman)",
"text": "Victor, please, don't go to the underground meeting tonight.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A movement or organisation of people who resist political convention."
],
"id": "en-underground-en-noun-zRTDfFPb",
"links": [
[
"political",
"political"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with definite article) A movement or organisation of people who resist political convention."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "resistance"
}
],
"tags": [
"with-definite-article"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "əndhatak",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"word": "ընդհատակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nelegalna organizacija",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нелегална организация"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"word": "vastarintaliike"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "résistance"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mouvement clandestin"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "organisation clandestine"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "iaṭaḳkveša organizacia",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"word": "იატაკქვეშა ორგანიზაცია"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Untergrundorganisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "maẖtéret",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מַחְתֶּרֶת"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gluaiseacht faoi choim"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "resistenza"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "movimento clandestino"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "organizzazione clandestina"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pódzemje",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "по́дземје"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "podziemie"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruch oporu"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "resistência"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"word": "mișcare clandestină"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"word": "organizație clandestină"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podpólʹje",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "подпо́лье"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "movimiento clandestino"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 68 29",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "organización clandestina"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention."
],
"id": "en-underground-en-noun-N4AjI9D4",
"links": [
[
"artistic",
"artistic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with definite article) A movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "avant-garde"
},
{
"word": "counterculture"
}
],
"tags": [
"with-definite-article"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 28 68",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "underground"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 28 68",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mouvement d’avant-garde"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 28 68",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Underground"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 28 68",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "underground"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 28 68",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ándergraund",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "а́ндерграунд"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 28 68",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "podziemie"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 28 68",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "submundo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 28 68",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "andɛrgráund",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "андергра́унд"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 28 68",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "andɛgráund",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "андегра́унд"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 28 68",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "anderhráund",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "андергра́унд"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 28 68",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "andehráund",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "андегра́унд"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndəɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndɚɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"underground"
],
"word": "underground"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "undergrounde",
"pos": "adv"
},
"expansion": "Middle English undergrounde (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under + ground",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under- + ground",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergrond"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ondergrond",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergronds"
},
"expansion": "ondergronds",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Untergrund"
},
"expansion": "German Untergrund",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "undergrunds"
},
"expansion": "Danish undergrunds",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English undergrounde (adverb), equivalent to under + ground or under- + ground. Compare Dutch ondergrond, ondergronds, German Untergrund, Danish undergrunds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "undergrounds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "undergrounding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "undergrounded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "undergrounded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "underground (third-person singular simple present undergrounds, present participle undergrounding, simple past and past participle undergrounded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"un‧der‧ground"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 12 9 6 1 6 20 9 9 24",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Rail transportation",
"orig": "en:Rail transportation",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962, David Pesonen, “Battles Over Energy”, in Carolyn Merchant, editor, Green Versus Gold: Sources in California's Environmental History, Island Press, published 1998, page 325",
"text": "One is to underground where no other alternative will work, and this method should be used universally in urban regions as it now is in “downtown” sections.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Don L. Ivey, C. Paul Scott, “Solutions”, in Transportation Research Board Committee on Utilities, editor, Utilities and Roadside Safety, State of the Art Report 9, Transportation Research Board, page 9",
"text": "Also, undergrounding may not eliminate the potential for crashes with other roadside objects, such as trees, walls, buildings, and so forth. [...] When looking at the fesibility of undergrounding utilities, the complete roadside area and nearby adjacent properties should be evaluated for potential roadside obstructions or hazards.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Janes Northcote-Green, Robert Wilson, “Design, Construction and Operation of Distribution Systems, MV Networks”, in Control and Automation of Electrical Power Distribution Systems, CRC Press, page 110",
"text": "The utility now wants the network to be undergrounded in the urban areas, which would mean substations with 33 kV distribution swtichgear.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To route electricity distribution cables underground."
],
"id": "en-underground-en-verb-4KyV2NY4",
"related": [
{
"word": "underground railway"
},
{
"word": "go underground"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prokarvam pod zemjata",
"sense": "to route electricity distribution cables underground",
"word": "прокарвам под земята"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypogeióno",
"sense": "to route electricity distribution cables underground",
"word": "υπογειώνω"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndəɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndɚɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-underground.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "underground"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English locatives",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with under-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd/3 syllables",
"en:Rail transportation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "undercover car"
},
{
"word": "underground mutton"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "undergrounde",
"pos": "adv"
},
"expansion": "Middle English undergrounde (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under + ground",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under- + ground",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergrond"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ondergrond",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergronds"
},
"expansion": "ondergronds",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Untergrund"
},
"expansion": "German Untergrund",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "undergrunds"
},
"expansion": "Danish undergrunds",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English undergrounde (adverb), equivalent to under + ground or under- + ground. Compare Dutch ondergrond, ondergronds, German Untergrund, Danish undergrunds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more underground",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most underground",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "underground (comparative more underground, superlative most underground)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"un‧der‧ground"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There is an underground tunnel that takes you across the river.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8891",
"text": "One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Below the ground; below the surface of the Earth."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(not comparable) Below the ground; below the surface of the Earth."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "subterranean"
},
{
"word": "hypogean"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "These criminals operate through an underground network.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hidden, furtive, secretive."
],
"links": [
[
"Hidden",
"hidden"
],
[
"furtive",
"furtive"
],
[
"secretive",
"secretive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Hidden, furtive, secretive."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hidden"
},
{
"word": "covert"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "mainstream"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Art",
"en:Music"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "underground music",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, page 27",
"text": "‘[…]he wrote to me last week telling me about an incredible bitch of a row blazing there on account of someone having been and gone and produced an unofficial magazine called Raddled, full of obscene libellous Oz-like filth. And what I though, what Sammy and I thought, was—why not?’ ‘Why not what?’ said Tom. ‘Why not do the same thing here?’ ‘You mean an underground magazine?’ ‘Yup.’",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010 March 20, James Campbell, “Barry Miles: 'I think of the 60s as a supermarket of ideas. We were looking for new ways to live'”, in The Guardian",
"text": "In many ways, it showed there was no longer an underground, as such. This proved that there was no longer one society with everyone agreeing how to live . . . The underground had officially come above ground, and consequently no longer existed.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Outside the mainstream, especially unofficial and hidden from the authorities."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"art",
"art#Noun"
],
[
"Outside",
"outside"
],
[
"mainstream",
"mainstream"
],
[
"especially",
"especially"
],
[
"unofficial",
"unofficial"
],
[
"hidden",
"hidden"
],
[
"authorities",
"authorities"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of music, art etc.) Outside the mainstream, especially unofficial and hidden from the authorities."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of music",
"of music"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "unconventional"
},
{
"word": "alternative"
}
],
"tags": [
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"art",
"arts"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndəɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndɚɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ənderkrya",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "ընդերկրյա"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "storgetnya",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "ստորգետնյա"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "padzjémny",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "падзе́мны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podzémen",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "подзе́мен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "subterrani"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìxià",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "地下"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "podzemní"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "ondergronds"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "subtera"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "maanalainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "souterrain"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mic̣iskveša",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "მიწისქვეშა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "unterirdisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "Untegrund-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypógeios",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "υπόγειος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "hupógeios",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "ὑπόγειος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "hupónomos",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "ὑπόνομος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "khthónios",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "χθόνιος"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūmigat",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "भूमिगत"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "antarbhaum",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "अंतर्भौम"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "zamīndoz",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "ज़मींदोज़"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūgarbhasth",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "भूगर्भस्थ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūgarbhik",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "भूगर्भिक"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "föld alatti"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "neðanjarðar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "subtera"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "maanalain"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "sotterraneo"
},
{
"alt": "ちか",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chika",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "地下"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ttangsok",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "땅속"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ttanggul",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "땅굴"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ttangmit",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "땅밑"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ttang'arae",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "땅아래"
},
{
"alt": "地下",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jiha",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "지하"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "subterrāneus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "podzemen",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "подземен"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "bawah tanah"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "banah"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "rarowhenua"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "underjordisk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "podziemny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "subterrâneo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "subteran"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podzémnyj",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "подзе́мный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "подземан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "podzeman"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "podzemný"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "podzemen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "subterráneo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "underjordisk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pidzémnyj",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "підзе́мний"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "untergrunt",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "אונטערגרונט"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "untererdish",
"sense": "below the ground — see also subterranean",
"word": "אונטערערדיש"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "táen",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "та́ен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podmólen",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "подмо́лен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "clandestí"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "secret"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìxià de",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "地下的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mìmì de",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "秘密的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "ànzhōng de",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "暗中的"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "ondergronds"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "maanalainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "souterrain"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "clandestin"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "iaṭaḳkveša",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "იატაკქვეშა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saidumlo",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "საიდუმლო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "paruli",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "ფარული"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "heimlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "geheim"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "Untergrund-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypógeios",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "υπόγειος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mystikós",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "μυστικός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lathraíos",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "λαθραίος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "maẖtartí",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "מַחְתַּרְתִּי"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "földalatti"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "illegális"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "rejtett"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "titkos"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "clandestino"
},
{
"alt": "ひみつの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "himitsu no",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "秘密の"
},
{
"alt": "ふほうの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fuhō no",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "不法の"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "angura",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "アングラ"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "potaen",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "потаен"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "clandestino"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "secreto"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podpólʹnyj",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "подпо́льный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "прикрѝвен"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "по̏та̄јан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "prikrìven"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "pȍtājan"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "untererdish",
"sense": "hidden, furtive",
"word": "אונטערערדיש"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēi zhǔliú",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "非主流"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "underground"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "underground"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "underground"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "alternatif"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "Untegrund-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypógeios",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "υπόγειος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "perithoriakós",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "περιθωριακός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "alternatív"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "angura",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "アングラ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "undergroundowy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "underground"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "alternativo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "andɛrgráund",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "андергра́унд"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "andɛgráund",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "андегра́унд"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "подземан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "podzeman"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "yer altı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "underground"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "anderhráundovyj",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "андергра́ундовий"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "andehráundovyj",
"sense": "outside the mainstream",
"word": "андегра́ундовий"
}
],
"word": "underground"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English locatives",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with under-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd/3 syllables",
"en:Rail transportation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "undergrounde",
"pos": "adv"
},
"expansion": "Middle English undergrounde (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under + ground",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under- + ground",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergrond"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ondergrond",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergronds"
},
"expansion": "ondergronds",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Untergrund"
},
"expansion": "German Untergrund",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "undergrunds"
},
"expansion": "Danish undergrunds",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English undergrounde (adverb), equivalent to under + ground or under- + ground. Compare Dutch ondergrond, ondergronds, German Untergrund, Danish undergrunds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more underground",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most underground",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "underground (comparative more underground, superlative most underground)",
"name": "en-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"un‧der‧ground"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The tunnel goes underground at this point.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Below the ground."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "below ground"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Secretly."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "clandestinely"
},
{
"word": "in secret"
},
{
"word": "on the quiet"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndəɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndɚɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-underground.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pod zemjata",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "под земята"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìxià",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "地下"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "maan alla"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "sous terre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "sous la terre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "baixo terra"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "unter der Erde"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "unterirdisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypógeia",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "υπόγεια"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "neðanjarðar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "sottoterra"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "łeeyiʼ"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "debaixo da terra"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "debaixo do solo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pod zemljój",
"sense": "below the ground",
"word": "под землёй"
}
],
"word": "underground"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English locatives",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with under-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd/3 syllables",
"en:Rail transportation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "undergrounde",
"pos": "adv"
},
"expansion": "Middle English undergrounde (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under + ground",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under- + ground",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergrond"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ondergrond",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergronds"
},
"expansion": "ondergronds",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Untergrund"
},
"expansion": "German Untergrund",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "undergrunds"
},
"expansion": "Danish undergrunds",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English undergrounde (adverb), equivalent to under + ground or under- + ground. Compare Dutch ondergrond, ondergronds, German Untergrund, Danish undergrunds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "undergrounds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "underground (plural undergrounds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"un‧der‧ground"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Geography"
],
"glosses": [
"Regions beneath the surface of the earth, both natural (eg. caves) and man-made (eg. mines)."
],
"links": [
[
"geography",
"geography"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geography) Regions beneath the surface of the earth, both natural (eg. caves) and man-made (eg. mines)."
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "London Underground",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of subway: a railway that is under the ground."
],
"links": [
[
"subway",
"subway#English"
],
[
"railway",
"railway"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly British) Synonym of subway: a railway that is under the ground."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "underground railway"
},
{
"extra": "a railway that is under the ground",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "subway"
}
],
"tags": [
"British"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the French underground during World War II",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1942, Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein, Howard Koch, Casablanca, spoken by Ilsa (Ingrid Bergman)",
"text": "Victor, please, don't go to the underground meeting tonight.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A movement or organisation of people who resist political convention."
],
"links": [
[
"political",
"political"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with definite article) A movement or organisation of people who resist political convention."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "resistance"
}
],
"tags": [
"with-definite-article"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention."
],
"links": [
[
"artistic",
"artistic"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with definite article) A movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "avant-garde"
},
{
"word": "counterculture"
}
],
"tags": [
"with-definite-article"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndəɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndɚɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-underground.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "regions beneath the surface of the earth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "podzemí"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūgarbh",
"sense": "regions beneath the surface of the earth",
"word": "भूगर्भ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "antarbhūmi",
"sense": "regions beneath the surface of the earth",
"word": "अंतर्भूमि"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bhūmigat",
"sense": "regions beneath the surface of the earth",
"word": "भूमिगत"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "regions beneath the surface of the earth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "subsolo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "regions beneath the surface of the earth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "subterrâneo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "regions beneath the surface of the earth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "subterrâneo"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "əndhatak",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"word": "ընդհատակ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nelegalna organizacija",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "нелегална организация"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"word": "vastarintaliike"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "résistance"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mouvement clandestin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "organisation clandestine"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "iaṭaḳkveša organizacia",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"word": "იატაკქვეშა ორგანიზაცია"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Untergrundorganisation"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "maẖtéret",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מַחְתֶּרֶת"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gluaiseacht faoi choim"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "resistenza"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "movimento clandestino"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "organizzazione clandestina"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pódzemje",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "по́дземје"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "podziemie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruch oporu"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "resistência"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"word": "mișcare clandestină"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"word": "organizație clandestină"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "podpólʹje",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "подпо́лье"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "movimiento clandestino"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist political convention",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "organización clandestina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "underground"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mouvement d’avant-garde"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Underground"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "underground"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ándergraund",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "а́ндерграунд"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "podziemie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "submundo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "andɛrgráund",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "андергра́унд"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "andɛgráund",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "андегра́унд"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "anderhráund",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "андергра́унд"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "andehráund",
"sense": "movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "андегра́унд"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"underground"
],
"word": "underground"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English adverbs",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English locatives",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms prefixed with under-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd/3 syllables",
"en:Rail transportation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "undergrounde",
"pos": "adv"
},
"expansion": "Middle English undergrounde (adverb)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under + ground",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "under",
"3": "ground"
},
"expansion": "under- + ground",
"name": "pre"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergrond"
},
"expansion": "Dutch ondergrond",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ondergronds"
},
"expansion": "ondergronds",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Untergrund"
},
"expansion": "German Untergrund",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "undergrunds"
},
"expansion": "Danish undergrunds",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English undergrounde (adverb), equivalent to under + ground or under- + ground. Compare Dutch ondergrond, ondergronds, German Untergrund, Danish undergrunds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "undergrounds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "undergrounding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "undergrounded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "undergrounded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "underground (third-person singular simple present undergrounds, present participle undergrounding, simple past and past participle undergrounded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"un‧der‧ground"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "underground railway"
},
{
"word": "go underground"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962, David Pesonen, “Battles Over Energy”, in Carolyn Merchant, editor, Green Versus Gold: Sources in California's Environmental History, Island Press, published 1998, page 325",
"text": "One is to underground where no other alternative will work, and this method should be used universally in urban regions as it now is in “downtown” sections.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Don L. Ivey, C. Paul Scott, “Solutions”, in Transportation Research Board Committee on Utilities, editor, Utilities and Roadside Safety, State of the Art Report 9, Transportation Research Board, page 9",
"text": "Also, undergrounding may not eliminate the potential for crashes with other roadside objects, such as trees, walls, buildings, and so forth. [...] When looking at the fesibility of undergrounding utilities, the complete roadside area and nearby adjacent properties should be evaluated for potential roadside obstructions or hazards.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Janes Northcote-Green, Robert Wilson, “Design, Construction and Operation of Distribution Systems, MV Networks”, in Control and Automation of Electrical Power Distribution Systems, CRC Press, page 110",
"text": "The utility now wants the network to be undergrounded in the urban areas, which would mean substations with 33 kV distribution swtichgear.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To route electricity distribution cables underground."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndəɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʌndɚɡɹaʊnd/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-underground.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-underground.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prokarvam pod zemjata",
"sense": "to route electricity distribution cables underground",
"word": "прокарвам под земята"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ypogeióno",
"sense": "to route electricity distribution cables underground",
"word": "υπογειώνω"
}
],
"word": "underground"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.