See shrub in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for shrub meaning in English (26.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "semishrubby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrubbed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrubbery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrubby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrub celery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrub frog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrubless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrublike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrub line"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrub ox"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrub trimmer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "subshrub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "undershrub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unshrubbed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schrub"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schrub",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schrob"
},
"expansion": "schrob",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scrub"
},
"expansion": "scrub",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sċrob"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sċrob",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in placenames"
},
"expansion": "(in placenames)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċrybb",
"3": "",
"4": "a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush"
},
"expansion": "sċrybb (“a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skrubbe",
"3": "",
"4": "the dwarf cornel tree"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English schrub, schrob, (also unassibilated as scrub), from Old English *sċrob (in placenames) and sċrybb (“a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush”); akin to Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shrubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shrub (plural shrubs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A woody plant smaller than a tree, and usually with several stems from the same base."
],
"id": "en-shrub-en-noun-4RSuIR1N",
"links": [
[
"woody",
"woody"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "bush"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "struik"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "shkurre"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šujayra",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "شُجَيْرَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbuzo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tʿupʿ",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "թուփ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "kol"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qıwaq",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ҡыуаҡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "zuhaixka"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "zuhamuxka"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "xmyznják",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хмызня́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kust",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "куст"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "gulmo",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "গুল্ম"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "kxd",
"lang": "Brunei Malay",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "puhun"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hrast",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "храст"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hkyum",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ချုံ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbust"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guànmù",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "灌木"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "灌木叢"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guànmùcóng",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "灌木丛"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "keř"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "busk"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "struik"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "heester"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "arbedo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "põõsas"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "pensas"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "varpu"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbrisseau"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "arbuste"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gamallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "garamallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "albustre"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frundío"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mato"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matogueira"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bučki",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ბუჩქი"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Busch"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Strauch"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "thámnos",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "θάμνος"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "thámnos",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "θάμνος"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "orpikkat"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "orpigaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jhāṛī",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "झाड़ी"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hop",
"lang": "Hopi",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "himutski"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "cserje"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "runni"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "belukar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tor"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tom"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"alt": "ていぼく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "teiboku",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "低木"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "būta",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "бұта"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "collaʔprɨk",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ចុល្លព្រឹក្ស"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwanmok",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "관목"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "mai phum",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ໄມ້ພຸ່ມ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arbuscula"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frutex"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krūms"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krūmas"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Struuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hucht"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grmúška",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "грму́шка"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "džbun",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "џбун"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "renek"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbuxxell"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "mauwha"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "mere"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kṣup",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "क्षुप"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "jhuḍup",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "झुडुप"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "schrub"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "but",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "бут"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbuste"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "busk"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "scrybb"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bute",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "بوته"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "درختچه"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bosch"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krzew"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krzak"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pl",
"english": "Greater Poland",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kierzek"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "moita"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "qhura"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbust"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tufă"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kustárnik",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "куста́рник"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kust",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "куст"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "грм"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "grm"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ker"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krík"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grm"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "keŕ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "kerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mata"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "miraa"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "buske"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "palumpong"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "lantana"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "butta",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "бутта"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "quwaq",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "куак"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "máai-pûm",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ไม้พุ่ม"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pûm",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "พุ่ม"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ağaççık"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "uga",
"lang": "Ugaritic",
"roman": "šḥt",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "𐎌𐎈𐎚"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kušč",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кущ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "jhāṛī",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "جھاڑی"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "buta"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "cây nhỏ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "cây bụi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "bụi cây"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "bimül"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "vo",
"english": "older term",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "jöb"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "vo",
"english": "older term",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "smabim"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "ıarğa",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ыарҕа"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kshak",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "קשאַק"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8"
],
"word": "isihlahla"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kenyan English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 29 31 3 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "en:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Norma Mendoza-Denton, Dana Osborne, “Two Languages, Two Identities?”, in Carmen Llamas, Dominic Watt, editors, Language and Identities, page 121",
"text": "It is not only in face-to-face contexts that Kenyans police shrubbing; there are newspaper columns inviting readers to send in shrubs that they have witnessed, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 September 23, Yeye, “Fuck it!”, in Media Madness, archived from the original on 2011-09-24",
"text": "One of the first people to go on air on X Fm, Raabia (It’s not a kuyu [Kikuyu] shrub for labia) is about to exit the station, she’s being replaced by Mao (their lispy producer) […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word mispronounced by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"id": "en-shrub-en-noun-hevXv1K4",
"links": [
[
"consonant",
"consonant"
],
[
"place of articulation",
"place of articulation"
],
[
"interference",
"interference"
],
[
"indigenous",
"indigenous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kenya) A word mispronounced by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"tags": [
"Kenya"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shrub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg/En-us-shrub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "shrŭb"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shrub"
],
"word": "shrub"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schrub"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schrub",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schrob"
},
"expansion": "schrob",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scrub"
},
"expansion": "scrub",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sċrob"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sċrob",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in placenames"
},
"expansion": "(in placenames)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċrybb",
"3": "",
"4": "a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush"
},
"expansion": "sċrybb (“a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skrubbe",
"3": "",
"4": "the dwarf cornel tree"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English schrub, schrob, (also unassibilated as scrub), from Old English *sċrob (in placenames) and sċrybb (“a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush”); akin to Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shrubs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shrubbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shrubbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shrubbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shrub (third-person singular simple present shrubs, present participle shrubbing, simple past and past participle shrubbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1573, Anthony Anderson, An Exposition of the Hymne commonly called Benedictus",
"text": "The Papistes[…]though they be woll shrubbed, and shred, yet they begin euen nowe before the springe, to budde.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lop; to prune."
],
"id": "en-shrub-en-verb-BsslKwEo",
"links": [
[
"lop",
"lop"
],
[
"prune",
"prune"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To lop; to prune."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kenyan English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 29 31 3 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "en:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"sense": "mispronounce a word",
"word": "shrubbing"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Norma Mendoza-Denton, Dana Osborne, quoting Heidi Orcutt-Gachiri, “Two Languages, Two Identities?”, in Carmen Llamas, Dominic Watt, editors, Shrubbing and the evaluation of expertise in Kenyan English and Kiswahili: placing Kenyan indigenous languages at risk, 2008, page 7, quoted in Language and Identities, page 121",
"text": "The people who benefit from making fun of shrubbing, therefore, are Kenyans who do not speak indigenous languages, because they are less likely to shrub than Kenyans who learned English as a second language in school and may have a heavier accent.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Michael Gathonjia Wairungu, “The notion of shrubbing vs. Mother tongue interference: a question of generation”, in \"A Language of Many Hats\": The Rise of Sheng and other Linguistic Styles among Urban Youth in Kenya, page 310",
"text": "However, Mwandani and her brother had noted that their mother had shrubbed and pointed it out right away.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 April 19, Alice Wairimu Nderitu, “Harro! I shrub because, really, I have no otherwise, do I?”, in The East African, retrieved 2021-11-05",
"text": "It is still considered embarrassing if people in authority like teachers or newscasters “shrub.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To mispronounce a word by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"id": "en-shrub-en-verb-IbwVBe1W",
"links": [
[
"consonant",
"consonant"
],
[
"place of articulation",
"place of articulation"
],
[
"interference",
"interference"
],
[
"indigenous",
"indigenous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Kenya) To mispronounce a word by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"tags": [
"Kenya",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shrub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg/En-us-shrub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "shrŭb"
}
],
"word": "shrub"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ش ر ب"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "شِرَاب",
"4": "",
"5": "a drink, beverage"
},
"expansion": "Arabic شِرَاب (širāb, “a drink, beverage”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "شَرِبَ",
"3": "",
"4": "to drink"
},
"expansion": "شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "syrup"
},
"expansion": "syrup",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sherbet"
},
"expansion": "sherbet",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sorbet"
},
"expansion": "sorbet",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic شِرَاب (širāb, “a drink, beverage”), شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”), akin to syrup, sherbet, and sorbet",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shrubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "shrub (countable and uncountable, plural shrubs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 24 33 4 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 17 51 6 17",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Beverages",
"orig": "en:Beverages",
"parents": [
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 15 56 4 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Liqueurs",
"orig": "en:Liqueurs",
"parents": [
"Alcoholic beverages",
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 29 31 3 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "en:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 33 11 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "en:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A liquor composed of vegetable acid, fruit juice (especially lemon), sugar, sometimes vinegar, and a small amount of spirit as a preservative. Modern shrub is usually non-alcoholic, but in earlier times it was often mixed with a substantial amount of spirit such as brandy or rum, thus making it a liqueur."
],
"id": "en-shrub-en-noun-nh0cq-Z2",
"links": [
[
"liquor",
"liquor"
],
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
],
[
"acid",
"acid"
],
[
"fruit juice",
"fruit juice"
],
[
"lemon",
"lemon"
],
[
"sugar",
"sugar"
],
[
"vinegar",
"vinegar"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"preservative",
"preservative"
],
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic"
],
[
"brandy",
"brandy"
],
[
"rum",
"rum"
],
[
"liqueur",
"liqueur"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šarāb",
"sense": "drink",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَرَاب"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "drink",
"word": "shrub"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "drink",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "srúb"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "drink",
"word": "miraa"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shrub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg/En-us-shrub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "shrŭb"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shrub (drink)"
],
"word": "shrub"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Arabic",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from the Arabic root ش ر ب",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable",
"en:Beverages",
"en:Liqueurs",
"en:Phonetics",
"en:Plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "semishrubby"
},
{
"word": "shrubbed"
},
{
"word": "shrubbery"
},
{
"word": "shrubby"
},
{
"word": "shrub celery"
},
{
"word": "shrub frog"
},
{
"word": "shrubless"
},
{
"word": "shrublike"
},
{
"word": "shrub line"
},
{
"word": "shrub ox"
},
{
"word": "shrub trimmer"
},
{
"word": "subshrub"
},
{
"word": "undershrub"
},
{
"word": "unshrubbed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schrub"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schrub",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schrob"
},
"expansion": "schrob",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scrub"
},
"expansion": "scrub",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sċrob"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sċrob",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in placenames"
},
"expansion": "(in placenames)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċrybb",
"3": "",
"4": "a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush"
},
"expansion": "sċrybb (“a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skrubbe",
"3": "",
"4": "the dwarf cornel tree"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English schrub, schrob, (also unassibilated as scrub), from Old English *sċrob (in placenames) and sċrybb (“a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush”); akin to Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shrubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shrub (plural shrubs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A woody plant smaller than a tree, and usually with several stems from the same base."
],
"links": [
[
"woody",
"woody"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Kenyan English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Norma Mendoza-Denton, Dana Osborne, “Two Languages, Two Identities?”, in Carmen Llamas, Dominic Watt, editors, Language and Identities, page 121",
"text": "It is not only in face-to-face contexts that Kenyans police shrubbing; there are newspaper columns inviting readers to send in shrubs that they have witnessed, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011 September 23, Yeye, “Fuck it!”, in Media Madness, archived from the original on 2011-09-24",
"text": "One of the first people to go on air on X Fm, Raabia (It’s not a kuyu [Kikuyu] shrub for labia) is about to exit the station, she’s being replaced by Mao (their lispy producer) […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word mispronounced by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"links": [
[
"consonant",
"consonant"
],
[
"place of articulation",
"place of articulation"
],
[
"interference",
"interference"
],
[
"indigenous",
"indigenous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kenya) A word mispronounced by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"tags": [
"Kenya"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shrub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg/En-us-shrub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "shrŭb"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "plant",
"word": "bush"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "struik"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "shkurre"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šujayra",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "شُجَيْرَة"
},
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbuzo"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tʿupʿ",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "թուփ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "kol"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qıwaq",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ҡыуаҡ"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "zuhaixka"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "zuhamuxka"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "xmyznják",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хмызня́к"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kust",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "куст"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "gulmo",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "গুল্ম"
},
{
"code": "kxd",
"lang": "Brunei Malay",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "puhun"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hrast",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "храст"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hkyum",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ချုံ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbust"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guànmù",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "灌木"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "灌木叢"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guànmùcóng",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "灌木丛"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "keř"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "busk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "struik"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "heester"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "arbedo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "põõsas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "pensas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "varpu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbrisseau"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "arbuste"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gamallo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "garamallo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "albustre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frundío"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mato"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matogueira"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bučki",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ბუჩქი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Busch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Strauch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "thámnos",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "θάμνος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "thámnos",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "θάμνος"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "orpikkat"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "orpigaq"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jhāṛī",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "झाड़ी"
},
{
"code": "hop",
"lang": "Hopi",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "himutski"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "cserje"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "runni"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "belukar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tor"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tom"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"alt": "ていぼく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "teiboku",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "低木"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "būta",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "бұта"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "collaʔprɨk",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ចុល្លព្រឹក្ស"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwanmok",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "관목"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "mai phum",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ໄມ້ພຸ່ມ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arbuscula"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frutex"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krūms"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krūmas"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Struuk"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hucht"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grmúška",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "грму́шка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "džbun",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "џбун"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "renek"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbuxxell"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "mauwha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "mere"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kṣup",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "क्षुप"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "jhuḍup",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "झुडुप"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "schrub"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "but",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "бут"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbuste"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "busk"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "scrybb"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bute",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "بوته"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "درختچه"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bosch"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krzew"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krzak"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"english": "Greater Poland",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kierzek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "moita"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "qhura"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbust"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tufă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kustárnik",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "куста́рник"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kust",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "куст"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "грм"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "grm"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ker"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krík"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grm"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "keŕ"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kerk"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "kerk"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mata"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "miraa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "buske"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "palumpong"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "lantana"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "butta",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "бутта"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "quwaq",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "куак"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "máai-pûm",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ไม้พุ่ม"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pûm",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "พุ่ม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ağaççık"
},
{
"code": "uga",
"lang": "Ugaritic",
"roman": "šḥt",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "𐎌𐎈𐎚"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kušč",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кущ"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "jhāṛī",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "جھاڑی"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "buta"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "cây nhỏ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "cây bụi"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "bụi cây"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "bimül"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"english": "older term",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "jöb"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"english": "older term",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "smabim"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "ıarğa",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ыарҕа"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kshak",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "קשאַק"
},
{
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8"
],
"word": "isihlahla"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shrub"
],
"word": "shrub"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Arabic",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from the Arabic root ش ر ب",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable",
"en:Beverages",
"en:Liqueurs",
"en:Phonetics",
"en:Plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "mispronounce a word",
"word": "shrubbing"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schrub"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schrub",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "schrob"
},
"expansion": "schrob",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scrub"
},
"expansion": "scrub",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sċrob"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sċrob",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in placenames"
},
"expansion": "(in placenames)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sċrybb",
"3": "",
"4": "a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush"
},
"expansion": "sċrybb (“a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skrubbe",
"3": "",
"4": "the dwarf cornel tree"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English schrub, schrob, (also unassibilated as scrub), from Old English *sċrob (in placenames) and sċrybb (“a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush”); akin to Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shrubs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shrubbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shrubbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shrubbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shrub (third-person singular simple present shrubs, present participle shrubbing, simple past and past participle shrubbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1573, Anthony Anderson, An Exposition of the Hymne commonly called Benedictus",
"text": "The Papistes[…]though they be woll shrubbed, and shred, yet they begin euen nowe before the springe, to budde.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lop; to prune."
],
"links": [
[
"lop",
"lop"
],
[
"prune",
"prune"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To lop; to prune."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Kenyan English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Norma Mendoza-Denton, Dana Osborne, quoting Heidi Orcutt-Gachiri, “Two Languages, Two Identities?”, in Carmen Llamas, Dominic Watt, editors, Shrubbing and the evaluation of expertise in Kenyan English and Kiswahili: placing Kenyan indigenous languages at risk, 2008, page 7, quoted in Language and Identities, page 121",
"text": "The people who benefit from making fun of shrubbing, therefore, are Kenyans who do not speak indigenous languages, because they are less likely to shrub than Kenyans who learned English as a second language in school and may have a heavier accent.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Michael Gathonjia Wairungu, “The notion of shrubbing vs. Mother tongue interference: a question of generation”, in \"A Language of Many Hats\": The Rise of Sheng and other Linguistic Styles among Urban Youth in Kenya, page 310",
"text": "However, Mwandani and her brother had noted that their mother had shrubbed and pointed it out right away.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 April 19, Alice Wairimu Nderitu, “Harro! I shrub because, really, I have no otherwise, do I?”, in The East African, retrieved 2021-11-05",
"text": "It is still considered embarrassing if people in authority like teachers or newscasters “shrub.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To mispronounce a word by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"links": [
[
"consonant",
"consonant"
],
[
"place of articulation",
"place of articulation"
],
[
"interference",
"interference"
],
[
"indigenous",
"indigenous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Kenya) To mispronounce a word by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"tags": [
"Kenya",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shrub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg/En-us-shrub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "shrŭb"
}
],
"word": "shrub"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Arabic",
"English terms derived from the Arabic root ش ر ب",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable",
"en:Beverages",
"en:Liqueurs",
"en:Phonetics",
"en:Plants"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ش ر ب"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "شِرَاب",
"4": "",
"5": "a drink, beverage"
},
"expansion": "Arabic شِرَاب (širāb, “a drink, beverage”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "شَرِبَ",
"3": "",
"4": "to drink"
},
"expansion": "شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "syrup"
},
"expansion": "syrup",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sherbet"
},
"expansion": "sherbet",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sorbet"
},
"expansion": "sorbet",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic شِرَاب (širāb, “a drink, beverage”), شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”), akin to syrup, sherbet, and sorbet",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shrubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "shrub (countable and uncountable, plural shrubs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A liquor composed of vegetable acid, fruit juice (especially lemon), sugar, sometimes vinegar, and a small amount of spirit as a preservative. Modern shrub is usually non-alcoholic, but in earlier times it was often mixed with a substantial amount of spirit such as brandy or rum, thus making it a liqueur."
],
"links": [
[
"liquor",
"liquor"
],
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
],
[
"acid",
"acid"
],
[
"fruit juice",
"fruit juice"
],
[
"lemon",
"lemon"
],
[
"sugar",
"sugar"
],
[
"vinegar",
"vinegar"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"preservative",
"preservative"
],
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic"
],
[
"brandy",
"brandy"
],
[
"rum",
"rum"
],
[
"liqueur",
"liqueur"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shrub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg/En-us-shrub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "shrŭb"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šarāb",
"sense": "drink",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَرَاب"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "drink",
"word": "shrub"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "drink",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "srúb"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "drink",
"word": "miraa"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shrub (drink)"
],
"word": "shrub"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.