See shrub on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "semishrubby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrubbed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrubbery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrubby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrub celery"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrub frog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrubless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrublike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrub line"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrub ox"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shrub trimmer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "subshrub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "undershrub"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unshrubbed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schrub"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schrub",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sċrob"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sċrob",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in placenames"
},
"expansion": "(in placenames)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skrubbe",
"3": "",
"4": "the dwarf cornel tree"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English schrub, schrob, (also unassibilated as scrub), from Old English *sċrob (in placenames) and sċrybb (“a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush”); akin to Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shrubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shrub (plural shrubs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A woody plant smaller than a tree, and usually with several stems from the same base."
],
"id": "en-shrub-en-noun-4RSuIR1N",
"links": [
[
"woody",
"woody"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"sense": "plant",
"word": "bush"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "struik"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "shkurre"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šujayra",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "شُجَيْرَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbuzo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tʻupʻ",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "թուփ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "kol"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qıwaq",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ҡыуаҡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "zuhaixka"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "zuhamuxka"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "xmyznják",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хмызня́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kust",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "куст"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "gulmo",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "গুল্ম"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "kxd",
"lang": "Brunei Malay",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "puhun"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hrast",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "храст"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hkyum",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ချုံ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbust"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guànmù",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "灌木"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guànmùcóng",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "灌木叢 /灌木丛"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "keř"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "busk"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "struik"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "heester"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "arbedo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "põõsas"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "pensas"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "varpu"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbrisseau"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "arbuste"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gamallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "garamallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "albustre"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frundío"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mato"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matogueira"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bučki",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ბუჩქი"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Busch"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Strauch"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "thámnos",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "θάμνος"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "thámnos",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "θάμνος"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "orpikkat"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "orpigaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jhāṛī",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "झाड़ी"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "hop",
"lang": "Hopi",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "himutski"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "cserje"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "runni"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "belukar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tor"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tom"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"alt": "ていぼく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "teiboku",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "低木"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "būta",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "бұта"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "collaʔprɨk",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ចុល្លព្រឹក្ស"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwanmok",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "관목"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "mai phum",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ໄມ້ພຸ່ມ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arbuscula"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frutex"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krūms"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krūmas"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Struuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hucht"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grmúška",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "грму́шка"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "džbun",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "џбун"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "renek"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbuxxell"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "mauwha"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "mere"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kṣup",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "क्षुप"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "jhuḍup",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "झुडुप"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "schrub"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "but",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "бут"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbuste"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "busk"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "scrybb"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bute",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "بوته"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "درختچه"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bosch"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krzew"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krzak"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pl",
"english": "Greater Poland",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kierzek"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "moita"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "qhura"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbust"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tufă"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kustárnik",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "куста́рник"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kust",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "куст"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "грм"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "grm"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ker"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krík"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grm"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "keŕ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "kerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mata"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "miraa"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "buske"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "palumpong"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "lantana"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "butta",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "бутта"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "quwaq",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "куак"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "máai-pûm",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ไม้พุ่ม"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pûm",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "พุ่ม"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ağaççık"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "uga",
"lang": "Ugaritic",
"roman": "šḥt",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "𐎌𐎈𐎚"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kušč",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кущ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "jhāṛī",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "جھاڑی"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "buta"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "cây nhỏ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "cây bụi"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "bụi cây"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "bimül"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "vo",
"english": "older term",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "jöb"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "vo",
"english": "older term",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "smabim"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "ıarğa",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ыарҕа"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kshak",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "קשאַק"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8"
],
"word": "isihlahla"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kenyan English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 32 24 4 33 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 5 42 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 34 12 36 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 29 27 4 30 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aragonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 42 4 43 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 39 6 41 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bashkir translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 42 5 43 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Brunei Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 39 7 40 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Burmese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 6 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 45 3 45 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 35 8 38 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 39 6 41 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 32 24 4 33 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 35 9 38 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 39 5 43 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 43 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 39 6 41 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 31 15 33 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greenlandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hopi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 36 12 37 7 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 31 26 4 32 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 38 7 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 38 7 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 42 4 43 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 38 7 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 41 6 41 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 41 5 43 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maltese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 34 11 36 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 39 6 41 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 5 42 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 33 12 36 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 42 5 43 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 7 39 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 45 3 46 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 38 6 41 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 41 5 44 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 39 7 40 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Quechua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 42 5 43 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 38 7 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 38 7 40 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 29 27 5 30 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 42 4 43 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 43 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 39 6 41 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ugaritic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 38 6 40 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 39 6 41 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 42 4 43 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 37 7 40 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yakut translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 39 6 41 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zulu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 32 27 3 32 2 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "en:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Norma Mendoza-Denton, Dana Osborne, “Two Languages, Two Identities?”, in Carmen Llamas, Dominic Watt, editors, Language and Identities, →ISBN, page 121:",
"text": "It is not only in face-to-face contexts that Kenyans police shrubbing; there are newspaper columns inviting readers to send in shrubs that they have witnessed, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011 September 23, Yeye, “Fuck it!”, in Media Madness, archived from the original on 2011-09-24:",
"text": "One of the first people to go on air on X Fm, Raabia (It’s not a kuyu [Kikuyu] shrub for labia) is about to exit the station, she’s being replaced by Mao (their lispy producer) […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word mispronounced by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"id": "en-shrub-en-noun-hevXv1K4",
"links": [
[
"consonant",
"consonant"
],
[
"place of articulation",
"place of articulation"
],
[
"interference",
"interference"
],
[
"indigenous",
"indigenous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kenya) A word mispronounced by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"tags": [
"Kenya"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "shrŭb",
"tags": [
"Southern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"Southern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shrub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg/En-us-shrub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʊb/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shrub"
],
"word": "shrub"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shrub out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shrub up"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schrub"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schrub",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sċrob"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sċrob",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in placenames"
},
"expansion": "(in placenames)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skrubbe",
"3": "",
"4": "the dwarf cornel tree"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English schrub, schrob, (also unassibilated as scrub), from Old English *sċrob (in placenames) and sċrybb (“a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush”); akin to Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shrubs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shrubbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shrubbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shrubbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shrub (third-person singular simple present shrubs, present participle shrubbing, simple past and past participle shrubbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 34 12 36 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 31 15 33 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 36 12 37 7 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 34 11 36 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 33 12 36 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1573, Anthony Anderson, An Exposition of the Hymne commonly called Benedictus:",
"text": "The Papistes[…]though they be woll shrubbed, and shred, yet they begin euen nowe before the springe, to budde.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lop; to prune."
],
"id": "en-shrub-en-verb-BsslKwEo",
"links": [
[
"lop",
"lop"
],
[
"prune",
"prune"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To lop; to prune."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kenyan English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 32 24 4 33 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 5 42 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 34 12 36 7 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 29 27 4 30 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aragonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 42 4 43 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 39 6 41 4 4",
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "5 40 5 42 4 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 4 3",
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"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 39 7 40 5 3",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 4 4",
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"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "5 41 6 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 45 3 45 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "5 35 8 38 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 39 6 41 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 32 24 4 33 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 35 9 38 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 39 5 43 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 43 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 39 6 41 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 31 15 33 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 4 4",
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"name": "Terms with Greenlandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 5 3",
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"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 5 4",
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"name": "Terms with Hopi translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 36 12 37 7 2",
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"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
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"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 31 26 4 32 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 38 7 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 38 7 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 42 4 43 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lao translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 38 7 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 41 6 41 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 41 5 43 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
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"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 5 42 4 3",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 39 6 41 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 5 42 4 4",
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"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 38 7 39 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 38 6 41 5 5",
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"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 41 5 44 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 39 7 40 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Quechua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 42 5 43 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 38 7 40 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 38 7 40 6 5",
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"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 29 27 5 30 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 42 4 43 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 43 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 39 6 41 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ugaritic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 38 6 40 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 39 6 41 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 42 4 43 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 37 7 40 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Volapük translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 40 6 41 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yakut translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 39 6 41 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 41 5 42 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zulu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 32 27 3 32 2 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "en:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "3 96 1 0",
"sense": "mispronounce a word",
"word": "shrubbing"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Norma Mendoza-Denton, Dana Osborne, quoting Heidi Orcutt-Gachiri, “Two Languages, Two Identities?”, in Carmen Llamas, Dominic Watt, editors, Shrubbing and the evaluation of expertise in Kenyan English and Kiswahili: placing Kenyan indigenous languages at risk, 2008, page 7, quoted in Language and Identities, →ISBN, page 121:",
"text": "The people who benefit from making fun of shrubbing, therefore, are Kenyans who do not speak indigenous languages, because they are less likely to shrub than Kenyans who learned English as a second language in school and may have a heavier accent.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Michael Gathonjia Wairungu, “The notion of shrubbing vs. Mother tongue interference: a question of generation”, in \"A Language of Many Hats\": The Rise of Sheng and other Linguistic Styles among Urban Youth in Kenya, page 310:",
"text": "However, Mwandani and her brother had noted that their mother had shrubbed and pointed it out right away.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 April 19, Alice Wairimu Nderitu, “Harro! I shrub because, really, I have no otherwise, do I?”, in The East African, archived from the original on 2023-04-16:",
"text": "It is still considered embarrassing if people in authority like teachers or newscasters “shrub.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To mispronounce a word by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"id": "en-shrub-en-verb-IbwVBe1W",
"links": [
[
"consonant",
"consonant"
],
[
"place of articulation",
"place of articulation"
],
[
"interference",
"interference"
],
[
"indigenous",
"indigenous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Kenya) To mispronounce a word by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"tags": [
"Kenya",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To plant a shrub in a yard, garden, etc.; to prune a bush or other plant into a shrub."
],
"id": "en-shrub-en-verb-OfO4xF3K",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To plant a shrub in a yard, garden, etc.; to prune a bush or other plant into a shrub."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make or drink a shrub (liquor drink)."
],
"id": "en-shrub-en-verb-~ZH3rMjl",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To make or drink a shrub (liquor drink)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "shrŭb",
"tags": [
"Southern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"Southern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shrub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg/En-us-shrub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʊb/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"word": "shrub"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ش ر ب"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "شِرَاب",
"4": "",
"5": "a drink, beverage"
},
"expansion": "Arabic شِرَاب (širāb, “a drink, beverage”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic شِرَاب (širāb, “a drink, beverage”), شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”), akin to syrup, sherbet, and sorbet.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shrubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "shrub (countable and uncountable, plural shrubs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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},
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"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "6 29 27 4 30 3 1",
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"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "3 32 24 4 33 3 1",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "4 31 26 4 32 3 1",
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"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "3 29 27 5 30 3 2",
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"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "3 18 47 5 19 3 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Beverages",
"orig": "en:Beverages",
"parents": [
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 17 53 4 18 2 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Liqueurs",
"orig": "en:Liqueurs",
"parents": [
"Alcoholic beverages",
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Health",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 32 27 3 32 2 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
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"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 19 33 8 21 9 1",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "en:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A liquor composed of vegetable acid, fruit juice (especially lemon), sugar, sometimes vinegar, and a small amount of spirit as a preservative. Modern shrub is usually non-alcoholic, but in earlier times it was often mixed with a substantial amount of spirit such as brandy or rum, thus making it a liqueur."
],
"id": "en-shrub-en-noun-nh0cq-Z2",
"links": [
[
"liquor",
"liquor"
],
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
],
[
"acid",
"acid"
],
[
"fruit juice",
"fruit juice"
],
[
"lemon",
"lemon"
],
[
"sugar",
"sugar"
],
[
"vinegar",
"vinegar"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"preservative",
"preservative"
],
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic"
],
[
"brandy",
"brandy"
],
[
"rum",
"rum"
],
[
"liqueur",
"liqueur"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šarāb",
"sense": "drink",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَرَاب"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "drink",
"word": "shrub"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "drink",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "srúb"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "drink",
"word": "miraa"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "shrŭb",
"tags": [
"Southern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"Southern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shrub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg/En-us-shrub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʊb/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shrub (drink)"
],
"word": "shrub"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Arabic",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from the Arabic root ش ر ب",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Aragonese translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Brunei Malay translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Greenlandic translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hopi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ugaritic translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Zulu translations",
"en:Beverages",
"en:Liqueurs",
"en:Phonetics",
"en:Plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "semishrubby"
},
{
"word": "shrubbed"
},
{
"word": "shrubbery"
},
{
"word": "shrubby"
},
{
"word": "shrub celery"
},
{
"word": "shrub frog"
},
{
"word": "shrubless"
},
{
"word": "shrublike"
},
{
"word": "shrub line"
},
{
"word": "shrub ox"
},
{
"word": "shrub trimmer"
},
{
"word": "subshrub"
},
{
"word": "undershrub"
},
{
"word": "unshrubbed"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schrub"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schrub",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sċrob"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sċrob",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in placenames"
},
"expansion": "(in placenames)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skrubbe",
"3": "",
"4": "the dwarf cornel tree"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English schrub, schrob, (also unassibilated as scrub), from Old English *sċrob (in placenames) and sċrybb (“a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush”); akin to Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shrubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shrub (plural shrubs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A woody plant smaller than a tree, and usually with several stems from the same base."
],
"links": [
[
"woody",
"woody"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Kenyan English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Norma Mendoza-Denton, Dana Osborne, “Two Languages, Two Identities?”, in Carmen Llamas, Dominic Watt, editors, Language and Identities, →ISBN, page 121:",
"text": "It is not only in face-to-face contexts that Kenyans police shrubbing; there are newspaper columns inviting readers to send in shrubs that they have witnessed, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011 September 23, Yeye, “Fuck it!”, in Media Madness, archived from the original on 2011-09-24:",
"text": "One of the first people to go on air on X Fm, Raabia (It’s not a kuyu [Kikuyu] shrub for labia) is about to exit the station, she’s being replaced by Mao (their lispy producer) […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word mispronounced by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"links": [
[
"consonant",
"consonant"
],
[
"place of articulation",
"place of articulation"
],
[
"interference",
"interference"
],
[
"indigenous",
"indigenous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Kenya) A word mispronounced by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"tags": [
"Kenya"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "shrŭb",
"tags": [
"Southern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"Southern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shrub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg/En-us-shrub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʊb/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "plant",
"word": "bush"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "struik"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "shkurre"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šujayra",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "شُجَيْرَة"
},
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbuzo"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tʻupʻ",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "թուփ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "kol"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qıwaq",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ҡыуаҡ"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "zuhaixka"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "zuhamuxka"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "xmyznják",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хмызня́к"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kust",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "куст"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "gulmo",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "গুল্ম"
},
{
"code": "kxd",
"lang": "Brunei Malay",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "puhun"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hrast",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "храст"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hkyum",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ချုံ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbust"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guànmù",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "灌木"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "guànmùcóng",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "灌木叢 /灌木丛"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "keř"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "busk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "struik"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "heester"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "arbedo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "põõsas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "pensas"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "varpu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbrisseau"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "arbuste"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gamallo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "garamallo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "albustre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frundío"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mato"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "matogueira"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "bučki",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ბუჩქი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Busch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Strauch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "thámnos",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "θάμνος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "thámnos",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "θάμνος"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "orpikkat"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "orpigaq"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jhāṛī",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "झाड़ी"
},
{
"code": "hop",
"lang": "Hopi",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "himutski"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "cserje"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "runni"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "belukar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tor"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tom"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"alt": "ていぼく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "teiboku",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "低木"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "būta",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "бұта"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "collaʔprɨk",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ចុល្លព្រឹក្ស"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwanmok",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "관목"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "mai phum",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ໄມ້ພຸ່ມ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "arbuscula"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frutex"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krūms"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krūmas"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Struuk"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hucht"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grmúška",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "грму́шка"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "džbun",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "џбун"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "renek"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbuxxell"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "mauwha"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "mere"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kṣup",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "क्षुप"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "jhuḍup",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "झुडुप"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "schrub"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "but",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "бут"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbuste"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "busk"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "scrybb"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bute",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "بوته"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "درختچه"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bosch"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krzew"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krzak"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"english": "Greater Poland",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kierzek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "moita"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "qhura"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbust"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tufă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kustárnik",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "куста́рник"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kust",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "куст"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "грм"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "grm"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ker"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krík"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grm"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "keŕ"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kerk"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "kerk"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mata"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arbusto"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "miraa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "buske"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "palumpong"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "lantana"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "butta",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "бутта"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "quwaq",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "куак"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "máai-pûm",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ไม้พุ่ม"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "pûm",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "พุ่ม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ağaççık"
},
{
"code": "uga",
"lang": "Ugaritic",
"roman": "šḥt",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "𐎌𐎈𐎚"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kušč",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кущ"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "jhāṛī",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "جھاڑی"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "buta"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "cây nhỏ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "cây bụi"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "bụi cây"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "bimül"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"english": "older term",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "jöb"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"english": "older term",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "smabim"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "ıarğa",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "ыарҕа"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kshak",
"sense": "woody plant",
"word": "קשאַק"
},
{
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"sense": "woody plant",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8"
],
"word": "isihlahla"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shrub"
],
"word": "shrub"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Arabic",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from the Arabic root ش ر ب",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Aragonese translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Brunei Malay translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Greenlandic translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hopi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ugaritic translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"Terms with Zulu translations",
"en:Beverages",
"en:Liqueurs",
"en:Phonetics",
"en:Plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "mispronounce a word",
"word": "shrubbing"
},
{
"word": "shrub out"
},
{
"word": "shrub up"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "schrub"
},
"expansion": "Middle English schrub",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sċrob"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sċrob",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in placenames"
},
"expansion": "(in placenames)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skrubbe",
"3": "",
"4": "the dwarf cornel tree"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English schrub, schrob, (also unassibilated as scrub), from Old English *sċrob (in placenames) and sċrybb (“a shrub; shrubbery; underbrush”); akin to Norwegian skrubbe (“the dwarf cornel tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shrubs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shrubbing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shrubbed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shrubbed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shrub (third-person singular simple present shrubs, present participle shrubbing, simple past and past participle shrubbed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1573, Anthony Anderson, An Exposition of the Hymne commonly called Benedictus:",
"text": "The Papistes[…]though they be woll shrubbed, and shred, yet they begin euen nowe before the springe, to budde.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lop; to prune."
],
"links": [
[
"lop",
"lop"
],
[
"prune",
"prune"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) To lop; to prune."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Kenyan English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Norma Mendoza-Denton, Dana Osborne, quoting Heidi Orcutt-Gachiri, “Two Languages, Two Identities?”, in Carmen Llamas, Dominic Watt, editors, Shrubbing and the evaluation of expertise in Kenyan English and Kiswahili: placing Kenyan indigenous languages at risk, 2008, page 7, quoted in Language and Identities, →ISBN, page 121:",
"text": "The people who benefit from making fun of shrubbing, therefore, are Kenyans who do not speak indigenous languages, because they are less likely to shrub than Kenyans who learned English as a second language in school and may have a heavier accent.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Michael Gathonjia Wairungu, “The notion of shrubbing vs. Mother tongue interference: a question of generation”, in \"A Language of Many Hats\": The Rise of Sheng and other Linguistic Styles among Urban Youth in Kenya, page 310:",
"text": "However, Mwandani and her brother had noted that their mother had shrubbed and pointed it out right away.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 April 19, Alice Wairimu Nderitu, “Harro! I shrub because, really, I have no otherwise, do I?”, in The East African, archived from the original on 2023-04-16:",
"text": "It is still considered embarrassing if people in authority like teachers or newscasters “shrub.”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To mispronounce a word by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"links": [
[
"consonant",
"consonant"
],
[
"place of articulation",
"place of articulation"
],
[
"interference",
"interference"
],
[
"indigenous",
"indigenous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, Kenya) To mispronounce a word by replacing some consonant sounds with others of a similar place of articulation due to interference from one's knowledge of an indigenous Kenyan language."
],
"tags": [
"Kenya",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To plant a shrub in a yard, garden, etc.; to prune a bush or other plant into a shrub."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To plant a shrub in a yard, garden, etc.; to prune a bush or other plant into a shrub."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To make or drink a shrub (liquor drink)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To make or drink a shrub (liquor drink)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "shrŭb",
"tags": [
"Southern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"Southern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shrub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg/En-us-shrub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʊb/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"word": "shrub"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Arabic",
"English terms derived from the Arabic root ش ر ب",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb",
"Rhymes:English/ʌb/1 syllable",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"en:Beverages",
"en:Liqueurs",
"en:Phonetics",
"en:Plants"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "ش ر ب"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ar",
"3": "شِرَاب",
"4": "",
"5": "a drink, beverage"
},
"expansion": "Arabic شِرَاب (širāb, “a drink, beverage”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Arabic شِرَاب (širāb, “a drink, beverage”), شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”), akin to syrup, sherbet, and sorbet.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shrubs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "shrub (countable and uncountable, plural shrubs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A liquor composed of vegetable acid, fruit juice (especially lemon), sugar, sometimes vinegar, and a small amount of spirit as a preservative. Modern shrub is usually non-alcoholic, but in earlier times it was often mixed with a substantial amount of spirit such as brandy or rum, thus making it a liqueur."
],
"links": [
[
"liquor",
"liquor"
],
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
],
[
"acid",
"acid"
],
[
"fruit juice",
"fruit juice"
],
[
"lemon",
"lemon"
],
[
"sugar",
"sugar"
],
[
"vinegar",
"vinegar"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit"
],
[
"preservative",
"preservative"
],
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic"
],
[
"brandy",
"brandy"
],
[
"rum",
"rum"
],
[
"liqueur",
"liqueur"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "shrŭb",
"tags": [
"Southern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʌb/",
"tags": [
"Southern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shrub.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg/En-us-shrub.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/En-us-shrub.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʃɹʊb/",
"tags": [
"Ireland",
"Northern-England"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌb"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šarāb",
"sense": "drink",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "شَرَاب"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "drink",
"word": "shrub"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "drink",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "srúb"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "drink",
"word": "miraa"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shrub (drink)"
],
"word": "shrub"
}
Download raw JSONL data for shrub meaning in All languages combined (29.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.