"reef" meaning in English

See reef in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ɹiːf/ Audio: en-us-reef.ogg [US], en-au-reef.ogg [Australia] Forms: reefer [comparative], more reef [comparative], reefest [superlative], most reef [superlative]
enPR: rēf Rhymes: -iːf Etymology: From Middle English ref, hreof, from Old English hrēof (“rough, scabby, leprous", also "a leper”), from Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby, scrubby”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreup- (“scab, crust”), related to Old English hrēofla (“leprosy, leper”). Cognate with Scots reif (“a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab”), Old High German riob (“leprous, scabby, mangy”), Icelandic hrjúfur (“scabby, rough”). Compare riffe, dandruff. Etymology templates: {{der|en|enm|ref}} Middle English ref, {{m|enm|hreof}} hreof, {{der|en|ang|hrēof||rough, scabby, leprous", also "a leper}} Old English hrēof (“rough, scabby, leprous", also "a leper”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*hreubaz||rough, scabby, scrubby}} Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby, scrubby”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*kreup-||scab, crust}} Proto-Indo-European *kreup- (“scab, crust”), {{cog|ang|hrēofla||leprosy, leper}} Old English hrēofla (“leprosy, leper”), {{cog|sco|reif||a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab}} Scots reif (“a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab”), {{cog|goh|riob||leprous, scabby, mangy}} Old High German riob (“leprous, scabby, mangy”), {{cog|is|hrjúfur||scabby, rough}} Icelandic hrjúfur (“scabby, rough”), {{l|en|riffe}} riffe, {{l|en|dandruff}} dandruff Head templates: {{en-adj|er|more}} reef (comparative reefer or more reef, superlative reefest or most reef)
  1. Scabby; scurvy.
    Sense id: en-reef-en-adj-Z~G5YGsI
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: reif, rief [Scotland]
Etymology number: 3

Noun

IPA: /ɹiːf/ Audio: en-us-reef.ogg [US], en-au-reef.ogg [Australia] Forms: reefs [plural]
enPR: rēf Rhymes: -iːf Etymology: From earlier riff, from Middle English rif, from Old Norse rif (“rib, reef”), from Proto-Germanic *ribją (“rib, reef”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ- (“arch, ceiling, cover”). Dutch rif (“reef”), Low German riff, reff (“reef”), German Riff (“reef, ledge”) are also borrowed from Old Norse. Doublet of rib. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*h₁rebʰ-}}, {{m|en|riff}} riff, {{inh|en|enm|rif}} Middle English rif, {{der|en|non|rif|t=rib, reef}} Old Norse rif (“rib, reef”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*ribją|t=rib, reef}} Proto-Germanic *ribją (“rib, reef”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*h₁rebʰ-|t=arch, ceiling, cover}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ- (“arch, ceiling, cover”), {{cog|nl|rif||reef}} Dutch rif (“reef”), {{cog|nds|riff}} Low German riff, {{m|nds|reff||reef}} reff (“reef”), {{cog|de|Riff||reef, ledge}} German Riff (“reef, ledge”), {{doublet|en|rib}} Doublet of rib Head templates: {{en-noun}} reef (plural reefs)
  1. A chain or range of rocks, sand, or coral lying at or near the surface of the water. Translations (rocks at or near surface of the water): rif (Afrikaans), yas (Aleut), σπιλάς (spilás) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), σπίλος (spílos) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), ἕρμα (hérma) [neuter] (Ancient Greek), شَعَاب (šaʕāb) [masculine] (Arabic), խութ (xutʿ) (Armenian), рыф (ryf) [masculine] (Belarusian), риф (rif) [masculine] (Bulgarian), ကျောက်တန်း (kyauktan:) (Burmese), escull [masculine] (Catalan), 礁 (jiāo) (Chinese Mandarin), 暗礁 (ànjiāo) (Chinese Mandarin), útes [masculine] (Czech), rif [neuter] (Dutch), rifo (Esperanto), riff (Estonian), karikko (english: rocks) (Finnish), särkkä (english: sand) (Finnish), riutta (english: coral) (Finnish), écueil [masculine] (French), récif [masculine] (French), recife [masculine] (Galician), sirte [masculine] (Galician), pedrido [masculine] (Galician), restinga [feminine] (Galician), cón [masculine] (Galician), farallón [masculine] (Galician), bortoa [feminine] (Galician), brica (english: sand) [feminine] (Galician), camouco [masculine] (Galician), რიფი (ripi) (Georgian), Riff [neuter] (German), Felsenriff [neuter] (German), ύφαλος (ýfalos) [masculine] (Greek), ξέρα (xéra) [feminine] (Greek), ξέρη (xéri) [feminine] (Greek), σκόπελος (skópelos) [masculine] (Greek), שׁוּנִית (Hebrew), zátony (Hungarian), rif [neuter] (Icelandic), terumbu (Indonesian), scoth [feminine] (Irish), scairbh [feminine] (Irish), scogliera [feminine] (Italian), barriera [feminine] (Italian), 礁 (shō) (Japanese), 暗礁 (anshō) (alt: あんしょう) (Japanese), кедертас (kedertas) (Kazakh), ថ្មប៉ប្រះទឹក (tmɑɑ pɑprah tɨk) (Khmer), 암초 (amcho) (Korean), 초 (cho) (Korean), гребен (greben) [masculine] (Macedonian), terumbu (Malay), ākau (Maori), pūkawa (Maori), tau (Maori), قیا (kaya) (Ottoman Turkish), آبسنگ (âbsang) (Persian), rafa [feminine] (Polish), recife [masculine] (Portuguese), arrecife [masculine] (Portuguese), restinga [Portugal] (Portuguese), recif [neuter] (Romanian), риф (rif) [masculine] (Russian), greben [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), гребен [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), útes [masculine] (Slovak), grebén [masculine] (Slovene), arrecife [masculine] (Spanish), rev [neuter] (Swedish), โขดหิน (kòht hĭn) (Thai), resif (Turkish), риф (ryf) [masculine] (Ukrainian), đá ngầm (Vietnamese), ám tiêu (Vietnamese), kliped (Volapük), klifakliped (Volapük), creigres [feminine] (Welsh), rîff [feminine, masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-reef-en-noun-OvClL1lU Disambiguation of 'rocks at or near surface of the water': 88 12
  2. (Australia, South Africa) A large vein of auriferous quartz; hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore. Tags: Australia, South-Africa Translations (large vein of auriferous quartz): rif (Afrikaans), златоносна жила (zlatonosna žila) [feminine] (Bulgarian), filon [masculine] (French), vieiro [masculine] (Galician), vea [feminine] (Galician), filón [masculine] (Galician), ér (Hungarian), aranyér (Hungarian), filone [masculine] (Italian), filão [masculine] (Portuguese), filón [masculine] (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-reef-en-noun-aNpP1S9x Categories (other): Australian English, South African English Disambiguation of 'large vein of auriferous quartz': 4 96
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: riff [obsolete]
Etymology number: 1 Derived forms: barrier reef, close reef, coral reef, fringing reef, reef and beef, reef band, reef crab, reef knoll, reef line, reef point, reef rash, reef shark, reef squid, reef-tackle, Reefton, reef triggerfish, reefwalker, reefwalking, reefwide, saddle back reef, saddle reef, take a reef in, yellowtail reef fish, reefless

Noun

IPA: /ɹiːf/ Audio: en-us-reef.ogg [US], en-au-reef.ogg [Australia] Forms: reefs [plural]
enPR: rēf Rhymes: -iːf Etymology: From Middle English reef, from Old Norse rif, Middle Dutch rif, rēve, and/or Middle Low German ref. Possibly a figurative use of the word for “rib” in etymology 1 above, in which case all forms must, again, be borrowings from Old Norse. Alternatively it may be a different word related to Old English rift (“curtain, veil”), ārāfian (“to uncoil, wind off”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|reef}} Middle English reef, {{der|en|non|rif}} Old Norse rif, {{der|en|dum|rif}} Middle Dutch rif, {{m|dum|rēve}} rēve, {{der|en|gml|ref}} Middle Low German ref, {{cog|ang|rift|t=curtain, veil}} Old English rift (“curtain, veil”), {{m|ang|ārāfian|t=to uncoil, wind off}} ārāfian (“to uncoil, wind off”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} reef (plural reefs)
  1. (nautical) A portion of a sail rolled and tied down to lessen the area exposed in a high wind. Categories (topical): Nautical Translations (arrangement to reduce the area of a sail): риф (rif) [masculine] (Bulgarian), ris (Catalan), rif [neuter] (Dutch), reivi (Finnish), ris [masculine] (French), rizo [masculine] (Galician), terzarolo [masculine] (Italian), 縮帆 (shukuho) (Japanese), rīwhi (Maori), ris [masculine] (Norman), ris d'vaile [masculine] (Norman), barre [feminine] (Norman), риф (rif) [masculine] (Russian), riof [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic)
    Sense id: en-reef-en-noun-XeZPHUj4 Topics: nautical, transport Disambiguation of 'arrangement to reduce the area of a sail': 95 5
  2. A reef knot.
    Sense id: en-reef-en-noun-x6YLPTbN Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 1 2 6 12 25 4 2 14 14 11 11
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: reefless, bag reef, reef-band, Spanish reef
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: /ɹiːf/ Audio: en-us-reef.ogg [US], en-au-reef.ogg [Australia] Forms: reefs [plural]
enPR: rēf Rhymes: -iːf Etymology: From Middle English ref, hreof, from Old English hrēof (“rough, scabby, leprous", also "a leper”), from Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby, scrubby”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreup- (“scab, crust”), related to Old English hrēofla (“leprosy, leper”). Cognate with Scots reif (“a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab”), Old High German riob (“leprous, scabby, mangy”), Icelandic hrjúfur (“scabby, rough”). Compare riffe, dandruff. Etymology templates: {{der|en|enm|ref}} Middle English ref, {{m|enm|hreof}} hreof, {{der|en|ang|hrēof||rough, scabby, leprous", also "a leper}} Old English hrēof (“rough, scabby, leprous", also "a leper”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*hreubaz||rough, scabby, scrubby}} Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby, scrubby”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*kreup-||scab, crust}} Proto-Indo-European *kreup- (“scab, crust”), {{cog|ang|hrēofla||leprosy, leper}} Old English hrēofla (“leprosy, leper”), {{cog|sco|reif||a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab}} Scots reif (“a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab”), {{cog|goh|riob||leprous, scabby, mangy}} Old High German riob (“leprous, scabby, mangy”), {{cog|is|hrjúfur||scabby, rough}} Icelandic hrjúfur (“scabby, rough”), {{l|en|riffe}} riffe, {{l|en|dandruff}} dandruff Head templates: {{en-noun}} reef (plural reefs)
  1. (Now chiefly dialectal) The itch; any eruptive skin disorder.
    Sense id: en-reef-en-noun-ir4beXna
  2. (Now chiefly dialectal) Dandruff.
    Sense id: en-reef-en-noun-QWTK8K3H
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: reif, rief [Scotland]
Etymology number: 3

Verb

IPA: /ɹiːf/ Audio: en-us-reef.ogg [US], en-au-reef.ogg [Australia] Forms: reefs [present, singular, third-person], reefing [participle, present], reefed [participle, past], reefed [past]
enPR: rēf Rhymes: -iːf Etymology: From Middle English reef, from Old Norse rif, Middle Dutch rif, rēve, and/or Middle Low German ref. Possibly a figurative use of the word for “rib” in etymology 1 above, in which case all forms must, again, be borrowings from Old Norse. Alternatively it may be a different word related to Old English rift (“curtain, veil”), ārāfian (“to uncoil, wind off”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|reef}} Middle English reef, {{der|en|non|rif}} Old Norse rif, {{der|en|dum|rif}} Middle Dutch rif, {{m|dum|rēve}} rēve, {{der|en|gml|ref}} Middle Low German ref, {{cog|ang|rift|t=curtain, veil}} Old English rift (“curtain, veil”), {{m|ang|ārāfian|t=to uncoil, wind off}} ārāfian (“to uncoil, wind off”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} reef (third-person singular simple present reefs, present participle reefing, simple past and past participle reefed)
  1. (nautical) To take in part of a sail in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind. Categories (topical): Nautical Translations (sailing): зарифявам (zarifjavam) (Bulgarian), rissar (Catalan), reffen (Dutch), reivata (Finnish), prendre un ris (French), arriser (French), reffen (German), refagar (Ido), terzarolare (Italian), rīwhi (Maori), arrîsi [Jersey] (Norman), rîsi [Jersey] (Norman), reve (Norwegian), refować (Polish), riof (Scottish Gaelic), tomar rizos (Spanish), reva (Swedish), refön (Volapük)
    Sense id: en-reef-en-verb-GsVOA7JB Topics: nautical, transport Disambiguation of 'sailing': 49 10 30 11
  2. (Australia) To pull or yank strongly, especially in relation to horse riding. Tags: Australia
    Sense id: en-reef-en-verb-fzo9XV8y Categories (other): Australian English
  3. (nautical, of paddles) To move the floats of a paddle wheel toward its center so that they will not dip so deeply. Categories (topical): Nautical
    Sense id: en-reef-en-verb-KtiHS87w Topics: nautical, transport
  4. (slang) To manipulate the lining of a person's pocket in order to steal the contents unnoticed. Tags: slang
    Sense id: en-reef-en-verb-9KysEvus
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: disreef, unreefed
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for reef meaning in English (38.2kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "barrier reef"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "close reef"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "coral reef"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fringing reef"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reef and beef"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reef band"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reef crab"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reef knoll"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reef line"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reef point"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reef rash"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reef shark"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reef squid"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reef-tackle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Reefton"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reef triggerfish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reefwalker"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reefwalking"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reefwide"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "saddle back reef"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "saddle reef"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "take a reef in"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "yellowtail reef fish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "reefless"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rebʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "riff"
      },
      "expansion": "riff",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "rif"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English rif",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "rif",
        "t": "rib, reef"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse rif (“rib, reef”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*ribją",
        "t": "rib, reef"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ribją (“rib, reef”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rebʰ-",
        "t": "arch, ceiling, cover"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ- (“arch, ceiling, cover”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "rif",
        "3": "",
        "4": "reef"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch rif (“reef”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "riff"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German riff",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "reff",
        "3": "",
        "4": "reef"
      },
      "expansion": "reff (“reef”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Riff",
        "3": "",
        "4": "reef, ledge"
      },
      "expansion": "German Riff (“reef, ledge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rib"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of rib",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier riff, from Middle English rif, from Old Norse rif (“rib, reef”), from Proto-Germanic *ribją (“rib, reef”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ- (“arch, ceiling, cover”). Dutch rif (“reef”), Low German riff, reff (“reef”), German Riff (“reef, ledge”) are also borrowed from Old Norse. Doublet of rib.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "reefs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "reef (plural reefs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A chain or range of rocks, sand, or coral lying at or near the surface of the water."
      ],
      "id": "en-reef-en-noun-OvClL1lU",
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "rif"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ale",
          "lang": "Aleut",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "yas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "šaʕāb",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "شَعَاب"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "xutʿ",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "խութ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "ryf",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "рыф"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "rif",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "риф"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "my",
          "lang": "Burmese",
          "roman": "kyauktan:",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "ကျောက်တန်း"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "escull"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiāo",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "礁"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "ànjiāo",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "暗礁"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "útes"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "rif"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "rifo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "riff"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "rocks",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "karikko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "sand",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "särkkä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "english": "coral",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "riutta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "écueil"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "récif"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "recife"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sirte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pedrido"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "restinga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cón"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "farallón"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "bortoa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "gl",
          "english": "sand",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "brica"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "camouco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ripi",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "რიფი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Riff"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Felsenriff"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ýfalos",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ύφαλος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "xéra",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ξέρα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "xéri",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ξέρη"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "skópelos",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "σκόπελος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "spilás",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "σπιλάς"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "spílos",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "σπίλος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "hérma",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ἕρμα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "שׁוּנִית"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "zátony"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "rif"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "terumbu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "scoth"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "scairbh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "scogliera"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "barriera"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shō",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "礁"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "alt": "あんしょう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "anshō",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "暗礁"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "kedertas",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "кедертас"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "tmɑɑ pɑprah tɨk",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "ថ្មប៉ប្រះទឹក"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "amcho",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "암초"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "cho",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "초"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "greben",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "гребен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "terumbu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "ākau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "pūkawa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "tau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "kaya",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "قیا"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "âbsang",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "آبسنگ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "rafa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "recife"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "arrecife"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "Portugal"
          ],
          "word": "restinga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "recif"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "rif",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "риф"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "greben"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "гребен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "útes"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "grebén"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "arrecife"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "rev"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "kòht hĭn",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "โขดหิน"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "resif"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "ryf",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "риф"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "đá ngầm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "ám tiêu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "kliped"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "word": "klifakliped"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "creigres"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rîff"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Australian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "South African English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A large vein of auriferous quartz; hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore."
      ],
      "id": "en-reef-en-noun-aNpP1S9x",
      "links": [
        [
          "vein",
          "vein"
        ],
        [
          "auriferous",
          "auriferous"
        ],
        [
          "quartz",
          "quartz"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Australia, South Africa) A large vein of auriferous quartz; hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "South-Africa"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
          "word": "rif"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zlatonosna žila",
          "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "златоносна жила"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "filon"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vieiro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "vea"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "filón"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
          "word": "ér"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
          "word": "aranyér"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "filone"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "filão"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 96",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "filón"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹiːf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg/En-us-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg/En-au-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rēf"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "riff"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Reef (disambiguation)",
    "reef"
  ],
  "word": "reef"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "reefless"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bag reef"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reef-band"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Spanish reef"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "reef"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English reef",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "rif"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse rif",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "rif"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch rif",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "rēve"
      },
      "expansion": "rēve",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "ref"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German ref",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rift",
        "t": "curtain, veil"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rift (“curtain, veil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ārāfian",
        "t": "to uncoil, wind off"
      },
      "expansion": "ārāfian (“to uncoil, wind off”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English reef, from Old Norse rif, Middle Dutch rif, rēve, and/or Middle Low German ref. Possibly a figurative use of the word for “rib” in etymology 1 above, in which case all forms must, again, be borrowings from Old Norse. Alternatively it may be a different word related to Old English rift (“curtain, veil”), ārāfian (“to uncoil, wind off”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "reefs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "reef (plural reefs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Nautical",
          "orig": "en:Nautical",
          "parents": [
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 49",
          "text": "They sailed as if they were stark mad; they never took in a reef in the sail, and when the seas filled the boat, they sailed her up on the back of a wave till she stood nearly on end, the water rushing out over her stern as out of a spout.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A portion of a sail rolled and tied down to lessen the area exposed in a high wind."
      ],
      "id": "en-reef-en-noun-XeZPHUj4",
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) A portion of a sail rolled and tied down to lessen the area exposed in a high wind."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "rif",
          "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "риф"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
          "word": "ris"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "rif"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
          "word": "reivi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ris"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rizo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "terzarolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shukuho",
          "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
          "word": "縮帆"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
          "word": "rīwhi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ris"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ris d'vaile"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "barre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "rif",
          "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "риф"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "riof"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 2 6 12 25 4 2 14 14 11 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A reef knot."
      ],
      "id": "en-reef-en-noun-x6YLPTbN",
      "links": [
        [
          "reef knot",
          "reef knot"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹiːf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg/En-us-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg/En-au-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rēf"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Reef (disambiguation)"
  ],
  "word": "reef"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "disreef"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "unreefed"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "reef"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English reef",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "rif"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse rif",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "rif"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch rif",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "rēve"
      },
      "expansion": "rēve",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "ref"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German ref",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rift",
        "t": "curtain, veil"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rift (“curtain, veil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ārāfian",
        "t": "to uncoil, wind off"
      },
      "expansion": "ārāfian (“to uncoil, wind off”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English reef, from Old Norse rif, Middle Dutch rif, rēve, and/or Middle Low German ref. Possibly a figurative use of the word for “rib” in etymology 1 above, in which case all forms must, again, be borrowings from Old Norse. Alternatively it may be a different word related to Old English rift (“curtain, veil”), ārāfian (“to uncoil, wind off”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "reefs",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reefing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reefed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reefed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "reef (third-person singular simple present reefs, present participle reefing, simple past and past participle reefed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Nautical",
          "orig": "en:Nautical",
          "parents": [
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 188",
          "text": "When the day arrived that the boy was to be skipper, the weather was calm and fine, but he called all men to reef sails, so the ship had scarcely any sail on her.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "1970 July–December, Margaret Quilty, Roller Reefing Made Easy, Boating, page 63,\nBe sure the blocks are securely mounted—they carry a fairish load when the sail is reefed.\nIf both reefing line and main halyard are led to the cockpit, even singlehanded reefing is a breeze."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1995, David Seidman, The Complete Sailor: Learning the Art of Sailing, page 104",
          "text": "Mains are made smaller by reefing. This can be done by rolling up the sail around the boom, or by the more traditional method of tying down a panel along the foot.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2004, Charlie Wing, How Boat Things Work, page 108",
          "text": "The reefing system for a mainsail must be designed to operate efficiently under adverse conditions and to provide proper sail shape when reefed.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To take in part of a sail in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind."
      ],
      "id": "en-reef-en-verb-GsVOA7JB",
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) To take in part of a sail in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zarifjavam",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "зарифявам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "rissar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "reffen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "reivata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "prendre un ris"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "arriser"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "reffen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "refagar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "terzarolare"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "rīwhi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "tags": [
            "Jersey"
          ],
          "word": "arrîsi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "tags": [
            "Jersey"
          ],
          "word": "rîsi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "reve"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "refować"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "riof"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "tomar rizos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "reva"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "49 10 30 11",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "sailing",
          "word": "refön"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Australian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1986, Jan Wositzky, Me and Phar Lap: The Remarkable Life of Tommy Woodcock, published 2011, page 49",
          "text": "And when the Cup came on he stirred them up ′round the barrier and he flew out of the barrier and he pulled and reefed and pulled and reefed and Lewis didn′t let him settle down until about three furlongs from home and when he did settle the horse was all out of stride and he went back through the field a fair bit.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1994, Herb Wharton, Cattle Camp: Murrie Drovers and Their Stories, published 2010, page 73",
          "text": "Alf told me that one young white stockman, eager to impress the girls, went outside and mounted his horse, then began showing off his prowess, racing past the pub, wheeling and reefing his horse up and down the street, yackeyeing and whooping, flogging his horse with a battered old hat and always turning towards the pub to see if the girls were watching these feats of horsemanship.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin, published 2003, page 76",
          "text": "He reefed on the handbrake and sat smoking his cigarette, gazing out through the windscreen at the driveway.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Marion Houldsworth, Maybe It′ll Rain Tomorrow, published 2012, page 104",
          "text": "[…]head stockman would say ‘Cut one out but take him at a walk.′ And if you could get that beast out without reefing your horse around, the head stockman – he′d be a pretty cluey old coot - he′s watching that horse′s ears more than what you were doing.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To pull or yank strongly, especially in relation to horse riding."
      ],
      "id": "en-reef-en-verb-fzo9XV8y",
      "links": [
        [
          "horse",
          "horse"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Australia) To pull or yank strongly, especially in relation to horse riding."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Nautical",
          "orig": "en:Nautical",
          "parents": [
            "Transport",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Reef the paddles."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To move the floats of a paddle wheel toward its center so that they will not dip so deeply."
      ],
      "id": "en-reef-en-verb-KtiHS87w",
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ],
        [
          "paddle",
          "paddle"
        ],
        [
          "float",
          "float"
        ],
        [
          "paddle wheel",
          "paddle wheel"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical, of paddles) To move the floats of a paddle wheel toward its center so that they will not dip so deeply."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of paddles",
        "of paddles"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "Myron M. Stearns, So You Lost Your Pocketbook?, in 1940, The Rotarian (volume 56, number 2, page 39)",
          "text": "This was done by \"reefing.\" He put two fingers just inside the opening and lifted the lining a trifle. Although I watched his hands, I could feel nothing, so gently did his fingers work. Reefing a couple of times, he lifted my handkerchief, as he might have taken out anything else."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To manipulate the lining of a person's pocket in order to steal the contents unnoticed."
      ],
      "id": "en-reef-en-verb-9KysEvus",
      "links": [
        [
          "lining",
          "lining"
        ],
        [
          "pocket",
          "pocket"
        ],
        [
          "steal",
          "steal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang) To manipulate the lining of a person's pocket in order to steal the contents unnoticed."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹiːf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg/En-us-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg/En-au-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rēf"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Reef (disambiguation)"
  ],
  "word": "reef"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ref"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ref",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "hreof"
      },
      "expansion": "hreof",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hrēof",
        "4": "",
        "5": "rough, scabby, leprous\", also \"a leper"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hrēof (“rough, scabby, leprous\", also \"a leper”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hreubaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "rough, scabby, scrubby"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby, scrubby”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kreup-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "scab, crust"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreup- (“scab, crust”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hrēofla",
        "3": "",
        "4": "leprosy, leper"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hrēofla (“leprosy, leper”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "reif",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots reif (“a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "riob",
        "3": "",
        "4": "leprous, scabby, mangy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German riob (“leprous, scabby, mangy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hrjúfur",
        "3": "",
        "4": "scabby, rough"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hrjúfur (“scabby, rough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "riffe"
      },
      "expansion": "riffe",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dandruff"
      },
      "expansion": "dandruff",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ref, hreof, from Old English hrēof (“rough, scabby, leprous\", also \"a leper”), from Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby, scrubby”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreup- (“scab, crust”), related to Old English hrēofla (“leprosy, leper”). Cognate with Scots reif (“a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab”), Old High German riob (“leprous, scabby, mangy”), Icelandic hrjúfur (“scabby, rough”). Compare riffe, dandruff.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "reefer",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "more reef",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reefest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most reef",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er",
        "2": "more"
      },
      "expansion": "reef (comparative reefer or more reef, superlative reefest or most reef)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Scabby; scurvy."
      ],
      "id": "en-reef-en-adj-Z~G5YGsI",
      "links": [
        [
          "Scabby",
          "scabby"
        ],
        [
          "scurvy",
          "scurvy"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹiːf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg/En-us-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg/En-au-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rēf"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "reif"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ],
      "word": "rief"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Reef (disambiguation)"
  ],
  "word": "reef"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ref"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ref",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "hreof"
      },
      "expansion": "hreof",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hrēof",
        "4": "",
        "5": "rough, scabby, leprous\", also \"a leper"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hrēof (“rough, scabby, leprous\", also \"a leper”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hreubaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "rough, scabby, scrubby"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby, scrubby”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kreup-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "scab, crust"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreup- (“scab, crust”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hrēofla",
        "3": "",
        "4": "leprosy, leper"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hrēofla (“leprosy, leper”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "reif",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots reif (“a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "riob",
        "3": "",
        "4": "leprous, scabby, mangy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German riob (“leprous, scabby, mangy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hrjúfur",
        "3": "",
        "4": "scabby, rough"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hrjúfur (“scabby, rough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "riffe"
      },
      "expansion": "riffe",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dandruff"
      },
      "expansion": "dandruff",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ref, hreof, from Old English hrēof (“rough, scabby, leprous\", also \"a leper”), from Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby, scrubby”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreup- (“scab, crust”), related to Old English hrēofla (“leprosy, leper”). Cognate with Scots reif (“a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab”), Old High German riob (“leprous, scabby, mangy”), Icelandic hrjúfur (“scabby, rough”). Compare riffe, dandruff.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "reefs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "reef (plural reefs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "The itch; any eruptive skin disorder."
      ],
      "id": "en-reef-en-noun-ir4beXna",
      "links": [
        [
          "itch",
          "itch"
        ],
        [
          "eruptive",
          "eruptive"
        ],
        [
          "skin",
          "skin"
        ],
        [
          "disorder",
          "disorder"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Now chiefly dialectal",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Now chiefly dialectal) The itch; any eruptive skin disorder."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Dandruff."
      ],
      "id": "en-reef-en-noun-QWTK8K3H",
      "links": [
        [
          "Dandruff",
          "dandruff"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Now chiefly dialectal",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Now chiefly dialectal) Dandruff."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹiːf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg/En-us-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg/En-au-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rēf"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "reif"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ],
      "word": "rief"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Reef (disambiguation)"
  ],
  "word": "reef"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Old Norse",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rebʰ-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:English/iːf",
    "Rhymes:English/iːf/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "barrier reef"
    },
    {
      "word": "close reef"
    },
    {
      "word": "coral reef"
    },
    {
      "word": "fringing reef"
    },
    {
      "word": "reef and beef"
    },
    {
      "word": "reef band"
    },
    {
      "word": "reef crab"
    },
    {
      "word": "reef knoll"
    },
    {
      "word": "reefless"
    },
    {
      "word": "reef line"
    },
    {
      "word": "reef point"
    },
    {
      "word": "reef rash"
    },
    {
      "word": "reef shark"
    },
    {
      "word": "reef squid"
    },
    {
      "word": "reef-tackle"
    },
    {
      "word": "Reefton"
    },
    {
      "word": "reef triggerfish"
    },
    {
      "word": "reefwalker"
    },
    {
      "word": "reefwalking"
    },
    {
      "word": "reefwide"
    },
    {
      "word": "saddle back reef"
    },
    {
      "word": "saddle reef"
    },
    {
      "word": "take a reef in"
    },
    {
      "word": "yellowtail reef fish"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rebʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "riff"
      },
      "expansion": "riff",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "rif"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English rif",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "rif",
        "t": "rib, reef"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse rif (“rib, reef”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*ribją",
        "t": "rib, reef"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ribją (“rib, reef”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁rebʰ-",
        "t": "arch, ceiling, cover"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ- (“arch, ceiling, cover”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "rif",
        "3": "",
        "4": "reef"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch rif (“reef”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "riff"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German riff",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "reff",
        "3": "",
        "4": "reef"
      },
      "expansion": "reff (“reef”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Riff",
        "3": "",
        "4": "reef, ledge"
      },
      "expansion": "German Riff (“reef, ledge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "rib"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of rib",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier riff, from Middle English rif, from Old Norse rif (“rib, reef”), from Proto-Germanic *ribją (“rib, reef”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ- (“arch, ceiling, cover”). Dutch rif (“reef”), Low German riff, reff (“reef”), German Riff (“reef, ledge”) are also borrowed from Old Norse. Doublet of rib.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "reefs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "reef (plural reefs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A chain or range of rocks, sand, or coral lying at or near the surface of the water."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Australian English",
        "South African English"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A large vein of auriferous quartz; hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vein",
          "vein"
        ],
        [
          "auriferous",
          "auriferous"
        ],
        [
          "quartz",
          "quartz"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Australia, South Africa) A large vein of auriferous quartz; hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "South-Africa"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹiːf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg/En-us-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg/En-au-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rēf"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "riff"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "rif"
    },
    {
      "code": "ale",
      "lang": "Aleut",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "yas"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "šaʕāb",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "شَعَاب"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "xutʿ",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "խութ"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "ryf",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "рыф"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "rif",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "риф"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "kyauktan:",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "ကျောက်တန်း"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "escull"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiāo",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "礁"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "ànjiāo",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "暗礁"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "útes"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "rif"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "rifo"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "riff"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "rocks",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "karikko"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "sand",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "särkkä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "english": "coral",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "riutta"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "écueil"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "récif"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "recife"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sirte"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pedrido"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "restinga"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cón"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "farallón"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bortoa"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "english": "sand",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "brica"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "camouco"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ripi",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "რიფი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Riff"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Felsenriff"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ýfalos",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ύφαλος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "xéra",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ξέρα"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "xéri",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ξέρη"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "skópelos",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "σκόπελος"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "spilás",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "σπιλάς"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "spílos",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "σπίλος"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "hérma",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ἕρμα"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "שׁוּנִית"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "zátony"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "rif"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "terumbu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "scoth"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "scairbh"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "scogliera"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "barriera"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shō",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "礁"
    },
    {
      "alt": "あんしょう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "anshō",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "暗礁"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "kedertas",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "кедертас"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "tmɑɑ pɑprah tɨk",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "ថ្មប៉ប្រះទឹក"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "amcho",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "암초"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "cho",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "초"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "greben",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "гребен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "terumbu"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "ākau"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "pūkawa"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "tau"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "kaya",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "قیا"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "âbsang",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "آبسنگ"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "rafa"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "recife"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "arrecife"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "Portugal"
      ],
      "word": "restinga"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "recif"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "rif",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "риф"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "greben"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "гребен"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "útes"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "grebén"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "arrecife"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "rev"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "kòht hĭn",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "โขดหิน"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "resif"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "ryf",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "риф"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "đá ngầm"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "ám tiêu"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "kliped"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "word": "klifakliped"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "creigres"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "rocks at or near surface of the water",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rîff"
    },
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
      "word": "rif"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zlatonosna žila",
      "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "златоносна жила"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "filon"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vieiro"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "vea"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "filón"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
      "word": "ér"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
      "word": "aranyér"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "filone"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "filão"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "large vein of auriferous quartz",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "filón"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Reef (disambiguation)",
    "reef"
  ],
  "word": "reef"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Middle Low German",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Old Norse",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/iːf",
    "Rhymes:English/iːf/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bag reef"
    },
    {
      "word": "reef-band"
    },
    {
      "word": "reefless"
    },
    {
      "word": "Spanish reef"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "reef"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English reef",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "rif"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse rif",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "rif"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch rif",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "rēve"
      },
      "expansion": "rēve",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "ref"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German ref",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rift",
        "t": "curtain, veil"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rift (“curtain, veil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ārāfian",
        "t": "to uncoil, wind off"
      },
      "expansion": "ārāfian (“to uncoil, wind off”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English reef, from Old Norse rif, Middle Dutch rif, rēve, and/or Middle Low German ref. Possibly a figurative use of the word for “rib” in etymology 1 above, in which case all forms must, again, be borrowings from Old Norse. Alternatively it may be a different word related to Old English rift (“curtain, veil”), ārāfian (“to uncoil, wind off”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "reefs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "reef (plural reefs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Nautical"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 49",
          "text": "They sailed as if they were stark mad; they never took in a reef in the sail, and when the seas filled the boat, they sailed her up on the back of a wave till she stood nearly on end, the water rushing out over her stern as out of a spout.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A portion of a sail rolled and tied down to lessen the area exposed in a high wind."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) A portion of a sail rolled and tied down to lessen the area exposed in a high wind."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A reef knot."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "reef knot",
          "reef knot"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹiːf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg/En-us-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg/En-au-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rēf"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "rif",
      "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "риф"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
      "word": "ris"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "rif"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
      "word": "reivi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ris"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rizo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "terzarolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shukuho",
      "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
      "word": "縮帆"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
      "word": "rīwhi"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ris"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ris d'vaile"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "barre"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "rif",
      "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "риф"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "arrangement to reduce the area of a sail",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "riof"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Reef (disambiguation)"
  ],
  "word": "reef"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Middle Low German",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Old Norse",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/iːf",
    "Rhymes:English/iːf/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "disreef"
    },
    {
      "word": "unreefed"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "reef"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English reef",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "rif"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse rif",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "rif"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch rif",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "rēve"
      },
      "expansion": "rēve",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gml",
        "3": "ref"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German ref",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rift",
        "t": "curtain, veil"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rift (“curtain, veil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ārāfian",
        "t": "to uncoil, wind off"
      },
      "expansion": "ārāfian (“to uncoil, wind off”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English reef, from Old Norse rif, Middle Dutch rif, rēve, and/or Middle Low German ref. Possibly a figurative use of the word for “rib” in etymology 1 above, in which case all forms must, again, be borrowings from Old Norse. Alternatively it may be a different word related to Old English rift (“curtain, veil”), ārāfian (“to uncoil, wind off”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "reefs",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reefing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reefed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reefed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "reef (third-person singular simple present reefs, present participle reefing, simple past and past participle reefed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Nautical"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 188",
          "text": "When the day arrived that the boy was to be skipper, the weather was calm and fine, but he called all men to reef sails, so the ship had scarcely any sail on her.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "1970 July–December, Margaret Quilty, Roller Reefing Made Easy, Boating, page 63,\nBe sure the blocks are securely mounted—they carry a fairish load when the sail is reefed.\nIf both reefing line and main halyard are led to the cockpit, even singlehanded reefing is a breeze."
        },
        {
          "ref": "1995, David Seidman, The Complete Sailor: Learning the Art of Sailing, page 104",
          "text": "Mains are made smaller by reefing. This can be done by rolling up the sail around the boom, or by the more traditional method of tying down a panel along the foot.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2004, Charlie Wing, How Boat Things Work, page 108",
          "text": "The reefing system for a mainsail must be designed to operate efficiently under adverse conditions and to provide proper sail shape when reefed.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To take in part of a sail in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) To take in part of a sail in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Australian English",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1986, Jan Wositzky, Me and Phar Lap: The Remarkable Life of Tommy Woodcock, published 2011, page 49",
          "text": "And when the Cup came on he stirred them up ′round the barrier and he flew out of the barrier and he pulled and reefed and pulled and reefed and Lewis didn′t let him settle down until about three furlongs from home and when he did settle the horse was all out of stride and he went back through the field a fair bit.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1994, Herb Wharton, Cattle Camp: Murrie Drovers and Their Stories, published 2010, page 73",
          "text": "Alf told me that one young white stockman, eager to impress the girls, went outside and mounted his horse, then began showing off his prowess, racing past the pub, wheeling and reefing his horse up and down the street, yackeyeing and whooping, flogging his horse with a battered old hat and always turning towards the pub to see if the girls were watching these feats of horsemanship.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin, published 2003, page 76",
          "text": "He reefed on the handbrake and sat smoking his cigarette, gazing out through the windscreen at the driveway.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Marion Houldsworth, Maybe It′ll Rain Tomorrow, published 2012, page 104",
          "text": "[…]head stockman would say ‘Cut one out but take him at a walk.′ And if you could get that beast out without reefing your horse around, the head stockman – he′d be a pretty cluey old coot - he′s watching that horse′s ears more than what you were doing.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To pull or yank strongly, especially in relation to horse riding."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "horse",
          "horse"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Australia) To pull or yank strongly, especially in relation to horse riding."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Nautical"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Reef the paddles."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To move the floats of a paddle wheel toward its center so that they will not dip so deeply."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ],
        [
          "paddle",
          "paddle"
        ],
        [
          "float",
          "float"
        ],
        [
          "paddle wheel",
          "paddle wheel"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical, of paddles) To move the floats of a paddle wheel toward its center so that they will not dip so deeply."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "of paddles",
        "of paddles"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English slang"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "Myron M. Stearns, So You Lost Your Pocketbook?, in 1940, The Rotarian (volume 56, number 2, page 39)",
          "text": "This was done by \"reefing.\" He put two fingers just inside the opening and lifted the lining a trifle. Although I watched his hands, I could feel nothing, so gently did his fingers work. Reefing a couple of times, he lifted my handkerchief, as he might have taken out anything else."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To manipulate the lining of a person's pocket in order to steal the contents unnoticed."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "lining",
          "lining"
        ],
        [
          "pocket",
          "pocket"
        ],
        [
          "steal",
          "steal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(slang) To manipulate the lining of a person's pocket in order to steal the contents unnoticed."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹiːf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg/En-us-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg/En-au-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rēf"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zarifjavam",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "зарифявам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "rissar"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "reffen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "reivata"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "prendre un ris"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "arriser"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "reffen"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "refagar"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "terzarolare"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "rīwhi"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "tags": [
        "Jersey"
      ],
      "word": "arrîsi"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "tags": [
        "Jersey"
      ],
      "word": "rîsi"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "reve"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "refować"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "riof"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "tomar rizos"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "reva"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "sailing",
      "word": "refön"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Reef (disambiguation)"
  ],
  "word": "reef"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:English/iːf",
    "Rhymes:English/iːf/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ref"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ref",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "hreof"
      },
      "expansion": "hreof",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hrēof",
        "4": "",
        "5": "rough, scabby, leprous\", also \"a leper"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hrēof (“rough, scabby, leprous\", also \"a leper”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hreubaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "rough, scabby, scrubby"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby, scrubby”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kreup-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "scab, crust"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreup- (“scab, crust”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hrēofla",
        "3": "",
        "4": "leprosy, leper"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hrēofla (“leprosy, leper”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "reif",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots reif (“a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "riob",
        "3": "",
        "4": "leprous, scabby, mangy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German riob (“leprous, scabby, mangy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hrjúfur",
        "3": "",
        "4": "scabby, rough"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hrjúfur (“scabby, rough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "riffe"
      },
      "expansion": "riffe",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dandruff"
      },
      "expansion": "dandruff",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ref, hreof, from Old English hrēof (“rough, scabby, leprous\", also \"a leper”), from Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby, scrubby”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreup- (“scab, crust”), related to Old English hrēofla (“leprosy, leper”). Cognate with Scots reif (“a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab”), Old High German riob (“leprous, scabby, mangy”), Icelandic hrjúfur (“scabby, rough”). Compare riffe, dandruff.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "reefer",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "more reef",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "reefest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most reef",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er",
        "2": "more"
      },
      "expansion": "reef (comparative reefer or more reef, superlative reefest or most reef)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Scabby; scurvy."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Scabby",
          "scabby"
        ],
        [
          "scurvy",
          "scurvy"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹiːf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg/En-us-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg/En-au-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rēf"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "reif"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ],
      "word": "rief"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Reef (disambiguation)"
  ],
  "word": "reef"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Rhymes:English/iːf",
    "Rhymes:English/iːf/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "ref"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English ref",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "hreof"
      },
      "expansion": "hreof",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hrēof",
        "4": "",
        "5": "rough, scabby, leprous\", also \"a leper"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hrēof (“rough, scabby, leprous\", also \"a leper”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hreubaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "rough, scabby, scrubby"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby, scrubby”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kreup-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "scab, crust"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kreup- (“scab, crust”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "hrēofla",
        "3": "",
        "4": "leprosy, leper"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hrēofla (“leprosy, leper”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "reif",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots reif (“a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "riob",
        "3": "",
        "4": "leprous, scabby, mangy"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German riob (“leprous, scabby, mangy”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hrjúfur",
        "3": "",
        "4": "scabby, rough"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hrjúfur (“scabby, rough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "riffe"
      },
      "expansion": "riffe",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "dandruff"
      },
      "expansion": "dandruff",
      "name": "l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English ref, hreof, from Old English hrēof (“rough, scabby, leprous\", also \"a leper”), from Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby, scrubby”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreup- (“scab, crust”), related to Old English hrēofla (“leprosy, leper”). Cognate with Scots reif (“a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab”), Old High German riob (“leprous, scabby, mangy”), Icelandic hrjúfur (“scabby, rough”). Compare riffe, dandruff.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "reefs",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "reef (plural reefs)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dialectal terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The itch; any eruptive skin disorder."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "itch",
          "itch"
        ],
        [
          "eruptive",
          "eruptive"
        ],
        [
          "skin",
          "skin"
        ],
        [
          "disorder",
          "disorder"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Now chiefly dialectal",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Now chiefly dialectal) The itch; any eruptive skin disorder."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dialectal terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Dandruff."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Dandruff",
          "dandruff"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Now chiefly dialectal",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Now chiefly dialectal) Dandruff."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹiːf/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːf"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg/En-us-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/En-us-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-reef.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg/En-au-reef.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-au-reef.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rēf"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "reif"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Scotland"
      ],
      "word": "rief"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Reef (disambiguation)"
  ],
  "word": "reef"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (fc4f0c7 and c937495). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.